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INTRODUCTION TO OF X303 Time Line — 1200 BC - 150 AD

1200's BC — Fall of Troy 11-1200 BC 800's or 700's BC — Homer 700's BC — Hesiod ca. 624 - 545 BC — Thales b. ca. 612 — Sappho ca. 610 - 540 BC — Anaxamander ca. 580 - 500 BC — Anaxamines -1-600 BC ca. 570 - 495 BC — Pythagoras ca. 565 - 473 BC — Xenophanes ca. 550 - 480 BC —Heraclitus ca. 524 — 456 BC — Aeschylus ca. 528 - 462 — Themistocles ca. 515- after 450 BC — Parmenides ca. 500 - 428 BC — Anaxagoras ca. 496 - 406 BC — Sophocles -500 BC ca. 495 - after 450 BC — Zeno ca. 495 - 429 BC — Pericles ca. 490 BC — Persian Wars begin

492 — Battle of Marathon ca. 490 - 420 BC — Protagoras ca. 490 - after 420 BC — Gorgias ca. 485 - 406 BC — Euripides ca. 484 - 420 BC — Herodotus 400's BC — Antiphon

480 — Xerxes' invasion of Greece ca. 470's - ? — Leucippus b. ca. 460 - 457 BC — ca. 460 - 400 BC — Thucydides b. ca. 470 BC — Philolaus ca. 469 - 399 BC — Socrates b. ca. 460's BC — Hicetas of Syracuse —Ecphantus ca. 450 - 385 BC — Aristophanes 449 BC — Persian Wars end 431 BC — Peloponnesian War begins ca. 428 - 348 BC —

404 BC — Pelopennesian War ends ca. 390 - 340 BC — Eudoxus of Cnidos 30 300's BC — Heraclides of Pontus -400 BC ca. 384 - 322 BC — Aristotle ca. 341 - 270 BC — Epicurus fl. ca. 330 BC — Callippus of Cyzicus fl. ca. 300 BC — Euclid fl. ca. 300 - 250 BC — Aristarchus of Samos -300 BC ca. 287 - 212 BC — Archimedes ca. 275 - 194 BC — Eratosthenes of Cyrene fl. 250 - 200 BC — Apollonius of Perge ca. 190 - 126 BC — Hipparchus

ca. 50 - 120+ AD — Plutarch fl. 127-148 AD — -100 AD

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE X303 Time Line — 1500-1700

ca, 1450 — Gutenberg introduces his 1572 — New Star observed printing press with movable type 1576 —Thomas Digges' elementary 1492 — Discovery of America defense of Copernicus' system 1504 — Leonardo Mona Lisa published 1509-47 — Henry VIII reigns 1577 — observes comet 1510's — Erasmus fl. without measurable parallax 1512 — Copernicus circulates a rough 1578 —Du Bartas' anti Copernican outline of his theory (The poem,The Week, or the Creation of Commentariolus) the World, published 1513 —Machiavelli, The Prince 1580 — Tycho Brahe observes comet 1517 —Luther 95 Theses Against without measurable parallax Indulgences 1580 —Montaigne, Essays 1521 —Cortes, conquest of Mexico 1582 —Hakluyt, Divers Voyages 1522 —Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne 1584 —, based on 1539 —Luther denounces Copernicus as Prutenic Tables, promulgated by an upstart and a fool, Gregory XIII quoting Joshua 10:13 as 1585 — Tycho Brahe observes comet evidence without measurable parallax 1540 —Rheticus publishes an account of 1588 — Spanish Armada Copernican theory in the ca. 1590 —Tycho Brahe publishes Narratio Prima Tychonic system in 1540 —Mercator — terrestrial globe Astronomae Instauratae 1543 —Death of Copernicus, and Progymnasmata publication of De Revolutionibus 1590 — Tycho Brahe observes comet Orbium Caelestium with the without measurable parallax preface of Osiander 1591 — Vieta, symbolic algebra 1543 —Vesalius publishes De humani 1593 — Tycho Brahe observes comet corporis fabrica without measurable parallax 1549 —Melanchthon (a lieutenant of 1594 —Thomas Blunderville's Luther), in his Initia Doctrinae elementary text on Physicae, denounces Copernicans treats Copernicus' heliocentric as dishonest and indecent, citing theory as a useful fiction Ecclesiastes 1:4-5 and other 1596— Kepler publishes Biblical passages as evidence Cosmographical Mystery 1550 —Michelangelo, St Peter's — Tycho Brahe observes comet 1550's—John Calvin, in his Commentary without measurable parallax on Genesis, rejects Copernican 1597 —Jean Bodin's Universae Naturae views on the basis of the 93rd Theatrum published Psalm 1600 —Gilbert publishes De Magnete 1551 —'s Prutenic —Giordano Bruno burned at the Tables published stake in Rome 1553 —Miguel Serveto burnt at stake by —Tycho Brahe dies John Calvin and elders in Geneva —Kepler appropriates his data for publishing Christianismi fromTycho's heirs Restitutio —New star observed 1558-1603 —Queen Elizabeth I reigns 1603 —Shakespeare, Hamlet 1563 —Council of Trent

1604—Galileo sets out his law of 1637 —Descartes, publication on analytic falling bodies in a letter to geometry in the Discours Paolo Sarpi 1638—Galileo publishes Discourses on the —New star observed Two New 1605—Francis Bacon, The Advancement 1642—Rembrandt, Night Watch of Learning 1643-1715 — Louis XIV reigns — Cervantes, Don Quixote 1644—Descartes publishes Principles of 1607—Jamestown settled Philosophy 1609—Kepler publishes Astronomia 1648 —Cromwell, Puritan revolution Nova 1651—Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan —Galileo makes telescopic 1657—Accademia del Cimento founded in observation of the heavens Florence 1610—Galileo publishes The Sidereal 1661—Boyle, Sceptical Chymist Messenger 1662—Royal Society founded 1611—John Donne's "Ignatius, his —Pascal, Pensées Conclave" published 1666—Molière, Le Misanthrope —King James Bible 1667—John Milton publishes Paradise 1615—Ciampoli's and Dini's letters to Lost Galileo 1673—Huygens publishes on the —Bellarmine's letter to Foscarini pendulum 1616—General Congregation of the 1674—Hooke publishes An attempt to Index puts De Revolutionibus and Prove the Motion of the Earth from all other writings in which the Observations earth's motion is affirmed on the 1678—Huygens, Treatise on Light Index. 1680's -90's —Newton and Leibniz — Galileo admonished to abandon discover the calculus Copernican views 1687 —Newton publishes the Principia 1618—Thirty Years' War begins 1689 —English Bill of Rights 1619—Kepler publishes De Harmonice —Pùrcell, Dido and Aeneas Mundi 1690 —John Locke, On Human 1620 —Francis Bacon, Novum Organum Understanding 1623 —Galileo publishes Il Saggiatore 1692—Salem witch trials 1627 —Kepler publishes Rudolphine 1699—French Académie des Tables sciences founded 1628—Harvey, publishes on the 1704—Newton publishes the Optics circulation of the blood 1632—Galileo publishes Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World 1633—Galileo sentenced by the Inquisition. He abjures in June