25592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 National Transportation Policy Study Com­ offer reduced-rate transportation on a space­ Amends the Immigration and Nationality mis3ion has to submit its final report to Con­ available basis to persons 65 years of age or Act to subject any person who pays any com­ gress regarding its study of the transporta­ older or 21 years of age or younger, and to pensation to an illegal a.lien to a cr1m1nal tion needs of the United States. handicapped persons and necessary attend­ fine. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to im­ ants of such handicapped individuals. H .R. 3146. February 7, 1977. Ways and pose a tax on the sale of fuels used by H.R. 3139. February 7, 1977. Post Office and Means; Interstate and Foreign Commerce. shallow-draft vessels used in commercial in­ Civil Service. Extends to former employees Amends Title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social land waterway transportation. of county soil conversation comlilittees who Security Act to provide payment for outpa­ H .R. 3133. February 7, 1977. Ways and are employed by any Federal agency, speci­ tient prescription drugs under the supple­ Means. Amends Title II (Old-Age, Survivors, fied civil service compensation leave, and mentary medical insurance program. and Disab111ty Insurance) of the Social Se­ seniority benefits afforded to former employ­ H.R. 3147. February 7, 1977. Agriculture. curity Act to revise the eligib111ty require­ ees of such county committees who are em­ Excludes from eligibility for food stamps ments for disabllit y insurance benefits for ployed by the Department of Agriculture. under the Food Stamp Act of 1964 any house­ blind persons. Revises the method of com­ H.R. 3140. February 7, 1977. Armed Serv­ hold whose principal wage earner is on strike puting the primary insurance amount for ices. Sets forth procedures which the Secre­ for the duration of such strike. Excepts a blind persons under such Act. tary of Defense or the Secretary of a mili­ household from this exclusion if it was par­ H .R . 3134. February 7, 1977. Merchant Ma­ tary department must follow before a mili­ ticipating in the food stamp program imme­ rine and Fisheries; Public Works and Trans­ tary base or installation is closed or the diately prior to the start of such strike, or portation. Amends the Ports and Waterways number of civilian personnel positions at if any of its members is subject to an em­ Safety Act of 1972 to impose additional such a facility is reduced below a specified ployer's lockout. tanker design, construction, and operation level. H.R. 3148. February 7, 1977. Agriculture. requirements in order to improve tanker H.R. 3141. February 7, 1977. Armed Serv­ Excludes from eligibility for food stamps un­ safety. Establishes procedures for oil spill ices. Sets forth procedures which the Secre­ der the Food Stamp Act of 1964 any house­ liability and compensation determinations. tary of Defense or the Secretary of a IIlili­ hold whose principal wage earner is on strike Imposes strict liability upon owners and op­ tary department must follow before a mili­ for the duration of such strike. Excepts a erators of vessels and offshore oil facilities tary base or installation is closed or the household from this exclusion if it was par­ for oil spill damages, including cleanup costs. number of civilian personnel positions at ticipating in the food stamp program imme­ H.R. 3135. February 7, 1977. Wavs and such a facility is reduced below a specified diately prior to the start of such strike, or if Means. Amends the Internal Revenu·e Code level. any of its members is subject to an employ­ to increase from $1,000,000 to $10,000,000 the H.R. 3142. February 7, 1977. Interstate and er's lockout. maximum size of small iEsues of industrial Foreign CoIIllilerce. Amends the Natural Gas H.R. 3149. February 7, 1977. Ways and development bonds on which the interest Act to terminate Federal Power Commission Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code qualifies for a tax exclusion. authority to regulate the sale or delivery of to extend to two and one-half years the max­ H .R . 3136. February 7, 1977. Interstate and natural gas by producers of new natural gas. imum period which may elapse between the Foreign Commerce. Amends the Natural Gas H.R. 3143. February 7, 1977. Ways and sale of a residence and the construction of Act to terminate Federal Power Commission Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code another in order that gain from such sale authority to regulate sales of new natural of 1954 and Title II (Old-Age, Survivors, and will not be recognized for Federal income tax gas and sales ot natural gas to certain high Disability Insurance) of the Social Security purposes. priority customers. Act to authorize individuals who are enrolled H.R. 3150. February 7, 1977. Judiciary. Sets Directs the Commission to prohibit the in a private retirement plan to voluntarily forth rights of Federal court and grand jury curtailment of natural gas supplies for es­ exempt thelllSelves from the Old-Age, Sur­ witnesses with respect to contempt. sential agricultural purposes. Restricts the vivors, and Disability Insurance program. Requires that witnesses compelled to tes­ use of natural gas as boiler fuel. H.R. 3144. February 7, 1977. Ways and tify before a Federal court, Congress, or ex­ H .R. 3137. February 7, 1977. House Admin­ Means; Interstate and Foreign Commerce. ecutive agency be given transactional im­ istration. Requires Federal agencies to pub­ Amends Titie XVIII (Medicare) of the Social munity. licly report to Congress all expenditures Security Act to establish a Long-Term Care Specifies guidelines regarding the size of made for or on the behalf of a Member of Services program to provide home health, grand juries, disclosure of and access to Congress or a congressional employee with homemakers, nutrition, long-term institu­ grand jury testimony, rights of grand jury respect to the travel of such person and re­ tional care, day care, foster home, and out­ witnesses, and grand jury jurisdiction. quires the committee of Congress which ap­ patient mental health services. Specifies that Grants rights and powers to grand juries in­ proved such travel to reimburse such agency these services shall be delivered by commu­ cluding authority to conduct independent for such expenditure. nity long-term care centers under the direc­ inquiries. · H.R. 3138. February 7, 1977. Public Works tion and control of a State long-term care Entitles defendants charged with non­ and Transportation. Amends the Federal Avi­ agency. petty offenses to a preliminary examination, ation Act of 1958 to allow air carriers to H.R. 3145. February 7, 1977. Judiciary. to be filed by a Federal district judge.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT­ Alexander A. Simon, president of Shenan­ "Georgia's energy will be greatly improved A VIATION HALL OF FAME doah, announced the new industry is a West through successful research in alternate en­ German based knitwear firm, Wilhelm Bleyle, ergy sources. K.G. "Some Georgia homes," Hensley added, The solar-produced electricity will provide "are already using the sun to heat water and HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE lighting and other base electric loads for the perform other household chores." OF GEORGIA Bloyle plant. A real breakthrough in today's energy sit­ Steam not usec' for the production of elec­ uation however using the soon to provide IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tricity will provide for the heating, cooling electrical power has yet to appear. Thursday, July 28, 1977 and process steam requirements. In the light of this ERDA announcement, Shenandoah, a planned community initi­ that breakthrough should be a strong pos­ Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, Dixie ated in 1974, will provide five acres for solar sibility, Hensley concluded. Business magazine, which is published by collectors and generation facilities. Concentration-type collectors will be used. Mr. Hubert Lee in Decatur, Ga., recently U.S. Energy Research and Development Ad­ Some 2,500 square meters of collecter mir­ had articles concerning solar energy de­ ministration (ERDA) will build the solar col­ rors will tract the Sun's location and heat velopment in Georgia and new additions lectors and entire solar-powered electrical the oil to 600 degrees. to the Aviation Hall of :Fame in Dayton, generating station. Heat collected from the solar system will Walt Hensley, Georgia Power Vice Presi­ produce steam to drive two turbines to Ohio. dent, said experimentation to generate elec­ generate electricity for the plant. The ex­ I bring these articles to the attention tricity from the sun to power in industry is haust heat from the turbines will then be of the Senate and ask unanimous con­ a virtually untapped field. pipec~ into the knitwear mill to heat or cool sent that they be printed in the RECORD. Others participating in the original site the building and to provide steam for press­ proposal were Westinghouse, Heery & Heery ing the clothing made there. There being no objection, the articles and Ga. Tech. were ordered to be printed in the REcoan, Engineers estimate the plan will get 60 Walt Hensley said that ERDA's acceptance to 70 percent of the total energy needs from as follows: of the Georgia Power-Shenandoah proposal the sun. ELECTRICITY FROM SoLAR HEAT BY GEORGIA is definitely good news for the Georgia con­ Georgia Power will provide distribution POWER sumer. facilities and engineering services. ERDA A multimillion dollar experimental project "This proposed research actually is part of will provide money for the generating and utilizing solar energy to generate electricity Georgia's response to President Carter's ap­ heat recovery system (services). for a new industry is underway at Shenan­ peals to face the energy problems in a forth­ Georgia power will operate the system. doah, Ga. right manner," Hensley said. Walt Hensley said the participants plan to July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25593 complete the solar energy by April, 1981. Mrs. Anne Cox Chambers, ambassador to effect of making any household ineligible Ray Moore is public relations for Shenan­ Beigium, David Garrett, president of Delta for food stamps or of increasing the charges doah, Ga. Air Lines, and Jane Yarn, were co-chairmen imposed therefor of the dinner, the first of seven over the Be it enacted by the Senate and House PEACHTREE FEDERAL nation to raise $5 million to establish fel­ of Representatives of the United States of U.S. Senator Herman Talmadg~ said he lowships and grants in aeronautical research, America in Congress assembled, That section was "Hopeful that there would be more pri­ exploration, conservation and wild-life pres­ 5 of the Food Stamp Act of 1964 is amended vate investment in solar energy in the near ervation. by adding at the end thereof the following future, since it is one of the nation's most Gov. George Busbee pa.id tribute to the new subsection: powerful sources," as he cut the ribbon on Lone Eagle. "(e) In applying the standards prescribed May 14, 1977 at the new Peachtree Federal Peeve Lindbergh Brown, daughter of the . under subsection (b) for purposes of deter­ Savings & Loan association solar energy famous aviator, thanked the 500 who at­ mining the eligibility of any household to omce in Atlanta. tended the dinner. participate in the food stamp program (and This initla.tive is vital to our energy con­ Atlanta committee members include Mrs. in determining under section 7 the charges servation program. Tench Cox, III, Mrs. Robert Griffin, Jr., Mrs. to be imposed upon any household for the Sunlight is free and while the investment Dan Sage, Jr., Mrs. Allison Thornwell, Jr., coupon allotment issued to it), where any 1s considerable at this time for solar energy Mrs. Rufus Chambers, Mrs. Thomas Asher, member of such household is entitled to equipment, this resource represents one of Mrs. Church Yearley, Mrs. John Ridley, Mrs. monthly benefits under title II of the So­ the bes'; paths open to us to resolve our fuel Mobley White, Miss Arden White, daughter of cial Security Act, there shall be excluded dilemma.. Bovo White, whose plane is in the Smithson­ from the income of such household any part It is my sincere hope that many, many ian along with Lindbergh's. of any such benefit which results from (and others will follow the leadership that we Mrs. A. D. Adair, Jr., Mrs. Julian Carr, Mrs. would not be payable but for) a cost-of­ have seen here today. Cecil Alexander, Mrs. Thomas Williams and living increase in such benefits occurring Davis c. Edwards, president of Peachtree Mrs. Carl Knobloch. after the date of the enactment of this sub­ Federa.:, said the institution made its deci­ Gen. James H. (Jimmy) Doolittle and Neil section pursuant to section 215(i) of such sion to construct the structure based on a A. Armstrong are national chairmen. Act, or any other increase in such benefits, desire to conserve our natural resources and Lowell Thomas, Virgil Kauffman, Frencis enacted after such date, which constitutes a social responsibility to do something a.bout L. Kellogg, C. E. Meyers, S. Dillon Ripley, a general benefit increase within the mean­ the energy crisis. Juan Trippe and Forwood C. Wiser are na­ ing of section 215(i) (3) of such Act.". Lewis c. Kra.vtiz, president of the DeKalb tional chairmen. SEC. 2. Section 7(b) of the Food Stamp Act County Chamber of Commerce, DeKalb Arthur Godfrey heads the entertainment of 1964 is a.mended by adding at the end County Commissioners Manuel Maloof and committee. thereof the following new sentence: "In de­ Liane Leveta.n, Mary Ann Summers and Ron Mrs. Angier Biddle Duke and Mrs. Claude termining a household's income for pur­ Farley of Rep. Elliott Levitas staff were Foussier are co-chairmen of the women's poses of this subsection, amounts represent­ among the dignitaries there. committee. ing increases in monthly social security ben­ A cutaway model built by Lee Goodson efits shall be excluded in the manner and and Carl Sherrill, architectural students at to the extent provided in section 5 (e) .". Ga. Tech, was in the lobby of the 2,500 square SEc. 3. The amendments made by this Act foot building. AMENDMENT TO FOOD STAMP ACT shall apply with respect to months after the OF 1964 month in which this Act is enacted. AVIATION HALL OF FAME TO ENSHRINE FlvE Lawrence D. Bell, who built B-29 Bombers at the Bell Bomber Plant at Marietta, Ga., HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE during World War II, along with Will Rogers, OF OBlO PRESIDENT CARTER TAKES James s. McDonnell, Walter H. Beech and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONSTRUCTIVE STEP Alan B. Shepard, Jr. will be enshrined in the Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton on Thursday, July 28, 1977 July 23, 1977. Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, today HON. PAUL SIMON Charles A. Lindbergh, who fiew the Atlan­ OF ILLINOIS tic solo 50 yens ago, was enshrined in 1967- I am introducing a bill that I hope will along with Gen. Hap Arnold, Gen. James H. eliminate some of the major inequities IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Jimmy) Doolittle and Gen. Carl A. Spaatz. facing those citizens who live on fixed Thursday, July 28, 1977 Larry Bell's Bomber Plant at Marietta was and low incomes. closed down at the end of World War II. The As you know, whenever a cost-of-liv­ Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, there is no B-29 had been built under a Boeing License. ing increase for social security recipients question that we must do more to Lockheed took over the old Bell Bomber goes into effect, such as the recent July 1, strengthen understanding between Plant on January 15, 1951 at the beginning of 1977, increase, there are many individ­ countries and understand the cultural the Korean War to modify B-29s. Lockheed differences that exist, as well as the cul­ then built the ~7 under license from Boe­ uals who face a reciprocating loss in the amount of a second type of benefits, such tural ties we have. Congress has ex­ ing and then the C-130, C-141, C-5A and plicitly talked about this and acted in the JetSta.r. as food stamps. Walter Hershel Beech ( 1891-1956), co­ In effect, this offsetting provision does this direction in a variety of ways founded Travel Air Mfg. Co. and later Beech not amount to any gain for the person, though in the last few years, our appro­ Aircraft Company. and many times, even an amount less priations in this area have gradually James Smith McDonnell, who founded Mc­ than the original total of both benefits diminished. Donnell Aircraft Corporation, now McDonnell may result. A positive step was taken recently, Douglas Corporation with the merger of however, thanks to the leadership of the Douglas Aircraft Corp. Donald Willis Douglas Mr. Speaker, this is just not fair to was named the A Great American for 1967 these people. While the cost-of-living Commission on Security and Coopera­ by the editors of Dixie Business, on nomi­ increase helps them, the reduction they tion in Europe and a few members on nation of C. E. Woolman. Donald Douglas was face in other benefits hurts them. that Commission and to the good judg­ enshrined in the Aviation Hall of Fame in My bill will eliminate this trade-off be­ ment used by President Carter. 1969, a.long with Grover Loening and Wiley tween social security benefits and food On June 29, 1977, President Carter Hardeman Post. stamp benefits so that affected individ­ sent the following letter to the Chair­ C. E . Woolman will be considered for en­ man of our Commission, our colleague shrinement in 1978, along with Dr. Charles uals can start to see a gain in their fi­ Kettering. nancial situation. I think this is an im­ from Florida, Representative DANTE FASCELL: Will Rogers (1879-1935) for his outstand­ portant step in seeing that people who ing contributions to early aviation, who pro­ duly qualify and deserve these types of THE WHITE HOUSE, moted aviation at every opportunity. benefits receive their fair share. Washington, D.C., June 29, 1977. Hon. DANTE B. FASCELL, Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr., for his being Mr. Speaker, it would be my hope that U.S. House of Representatives, the first American launched into soa.ce, and the Committee on Agriculture would act Washington, D.C. the fifth to walk on the moon while Com­ quickly on this bill or any of those sim­ To CONGRESSMAN DANTE FASCELL: Thank mander of Apollo XIV space aircraft. ilar to it to eradicate this inequitable you for your letter of June 2 in which you A gala dinner was held in Atlanta on provision. and Sena.tor Pell urge strengthening of US April 30, 1977 to honor the 50th Anniversary foreign language and area. studies programs of Charles Lindbergh's historical solo flight The bill follows: in accordance with our CSCE commitments. a.cross the Atlantic on May 20, 1927. H.R.- As I indicated recently in connection with The $199 a nla.te dinner was held at Epps A bill to amend the Food Sta.mp Act of 1964 National Foreign Language Week, I am par­ Air Service Hanger DeKalb-Peachtree Air­ to make certain that future social secu­ ticularly aware of the importance of linguis­ port. rity benefit increases will not have the tic skills and of adequate foreign language 25594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 instruction. In no small measure friendly American scene. They are an abomina­ Commander and one as C-in-C of all U.S. and peaceful relations among nations de­ tion. forces in Europe. Therefore, he makes his pend on improved communications between recommendations to the political authorities their individual citizens, and fiuency in and at the same time recommends release of another language is one way of achieving NEUTRON BOMBS: DETERRENT OR nuclear weapons through the Joint Chiefs improved communication. of Staff to the President. The President is I am particularly concerned with the de­ DILEMMA? obligated to consult with Allies, before ap­ cline in foreign language and area studies in proval of release, only if circumstances per­ the us which you outline in your letter. It HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER mit. Technically, no NATO body nor the appears that this decline is due to complex President (or for British weapons, the Prime factors which cut across various economic, OF COLORADO Minister) can order the Supreme Allied Com­ social, and educational issues. For th~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mander (SACEUR). with his international reason, I believe that Congressman Simon s hat on, to fire a nuclear weapon (although suggestion to establish a short-term Com­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 the President can unilaterally direct him to mission to study this issue and to prepare a Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, on do so as the U.S. Commander in Europe). The plan of action for dealing with the problem Tuesday I published in the RECORD some time consumed in this procedure during ex­ is most appropriate. I plan to ask Commis­ remarks on the House's acceptance of a ercises is necessarily classified. But the po­ sioner of Education Boyer to get in contact tential of assuring prompt and unanimous with you, Congressman Simon, and other Senate amendment to the public works NATO decisions on the use of nuclear weap­ interested Congressional leaders and govern­ appropriations bill that would give the ons under actual crisis conditions could be­ ment agencies regarding establishment of Congress the opportunity to veto a favor­ come nebulous and complex. For the U .S. to the commission on foreign language and able decision by the President to produce by-pass NATO to go nuclear in Europe would area studies. enhanced radiation devices for deploy­ demand an awesome decision. I would hope that the establishment of ment in Europe. U.S. Army Field Manual 100-5, published this Commission would lead not only to im­ Such neutron "bombs" apparently are in July 1976 provides a hypothetical chart provement in our own foreign language and which shows that it might take up to 24 area studies, but would also be seen as a planned as a hedge against a Soviet armored blitz. The radiation they pro­ hours to convey the request and release up further indication of our willingness to and down the chain of command to fire a carry out our commitments relating to the duce is trumpeted for its ability to pene­ nuclear package of missiles and cannon. The Helsinki Final Act to the fullest extent trate armor that is relatively resistant Corps Commander in Germany would have possible. to blast and heat effects. In my remarks to send his request through four layers of Sincerely, I pointed out that the estimated $3 bil­ headquarters: Central Army Group, Allied JIMMY CARTER. lion that would be spent just to deploy Forces Central Europe, Supreme Headquar­ All the members of the Helsinki Com­ the 155-millimeter and 8-inch shells over ters, Allied Powers, Europe and the NATO mission can be proud of this potential the next decade could be better utilized M111tary Committee in an advisory capacity upgrading our conventional antiarmor only, before it reaches Allied National Com­ contribution that they have made. Par­ mand Authorities and the President. The ticularly to be commended are the Chair­ capability. order to fire the nuclear weapons would pre­ man of the Commission and Senator Such an approach has several advan­ sumably retrace the same chain, reaching CLAIBORNE PELL and Representative MIL­ tages. Most importantly it would avoid Corps H.Q. an estima"ted 14 hours after the LICENT FENWICK, who led the way on the serious risks involved in the possibil­ original request. The chart refiects another this. Let me express my appreciation ity of crossing the nuclear threshold. 10 hours to reach the combat artillery unit. also to Spencer Oliver and the members Second, there is good reason to believe Even assuming that this time sequence could of the Helsinki Commission staff for that conventional weaponry could be a be halved in a best case scenario situation, their good work. more useful and credible deterrent. This recent studies warn that, before such time has elapsed, an invading Warsaw Pact force This is but one of a number of con­ consideration relates to the serious prob­ might have penetrated well beyond the cur­ tributions that the Commission on lems posed by command and control fac­ rent NATO positions along the East German Security and Cooperation in Europe has tors in the use of nuclear weapons. border. made. I am pleased and honored to serve Yesterday I received the August issue of on the Commission and particularly the Retired Officer magazine. In that is­ pleased to see the leadership in areas sue an article titled "Tac Nukes in MEMORIAL TO PETER McCARTHY like this. NATO: Deterrent or Dilemma?" written by Col. E. Asa Bates; U.S. Air Force re­ tired, clearly points up the seriousness of HON. PETE V. DOMENICI THE CHEYENNE FRONTIER DAYS the command and control factor and its OF NEW MEXICO STAINED BY HATE PROPAGANDA impact on the credibility of any tactical IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES nuclear deterrent. I am including the Thursday, July 28, 1977 HON. TENO RONCALIO text of that section of the article with the hope that my colleagues will seriously Mr. DOMENIC!. Mr. President, today OF WYOMING ponder its implications. The text follows: marks the sixth anniversary of the death IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMAND, CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS of an Albuquerque, N. Mex. Boy Scout, Thursday, July 28, 1977 Command, Control and Communications Peter McCarthy, who died while saving the life of another scout. He and the Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, the are the connecting links between the na­ tional command authorities and those op­ other scouts of Troop 442 were rafting on "Daddy of 'Em All" Rodeo festivities of erational military forces that are responsible the Green River of Utah, when they met Cheyenne Frontier Days was marred for targeting and firing theater nuclear with tragedy. The boating party encoun­ yesterday by the appearance of hateful weapons. The ultimate purpose of Command, tered rapids and fallen trees in the river; literature placed on the car windshields Control and Communications is to provide the rafts were overturned in the rushing of rodeo patrons. commanders the means to apply force with waters. The anti-Semitic, anti-black ha­ restraint. But is it possible? Most of the scouts were able to reach rangues were distributed by the avowed­ U.S. nuclear warheads in Europe desig­ the shore immediately, but Peter and an­ ly racist "Knights of the Ku Klux Klan". nated for employment by Allied forces are under the physical custody of U.S. forces on other scout were swept downstream by I have seen much hateful literature dur­ the strong current. Peter's friend, who ing my lifetime, but the handbills that the Continent. Final authority for the release of U.S. warheads for either U.S. or Allied had lost his lifejacket, was being dragged appeared on the rodeo grounds in use rests with the President. A request "to into deeper water, when Peter called out, Cheyenne yesterday, were as raw and employ nuclear weapons may originate from getting him to cling to his life jacket. repulsive as any I have ever seen. either a NATO Commander or from a mem­ They both floated downstream together I hope that the many thousands of ber government. It is delivered to NATO for 3 or 4 hours. when Peter began to visitors to Cheyenne who enjoyed the governments and to the NATO Council. The lose consciousness. They attempted to greatest rodeo on Earth will have the views of governments are transmitted to reach the bank, and Peter's friend was good sense not to pay any attention to the nuclear power concerned. The final deci­ sion is sent back to the military command­ able to reach the bank and climb to safe­ this hateful material that was distrib­ ers, to Allied governments and to the NATO ty. Although he was an excellent swim­ uted by the Patriots Insight group, Council. mer, Peter's weakened condition prevent­ box 141, Indian Hills, Colo. 80454. The Supreme Allied Commander Europe, ed him from reaching shore. His body was These kinds of bitter, distasteful. (SACEUR). ls in a unique position to speed later recovered downstream by another smear campaigns have no place on the the process. He wears two hats, one as Allied group of scouts. July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25595 Peter was subsequently awarded the ANTIDEFENSE LOBBY: KEEPING sion to consider responsiveness of the Indo­ Crossed Palms by the Boy Scouts for his OPEN INDIRECT U.S. AID TO THE china governments in providing MIA infor­ heroism. Today I would like to posthu­ COMMUNIST REGIMES IN AFRICA mation. mously recognized Peter for being a cou­ AND ASIA (H.R. 7797) Noting that the CNFMP expected an rageous and unselfish person, who gave amendment barring indirect U.S. aid to up his life while saving that of his com­ HON. LARRY McDONALD be offered for attachment to H.R. 7797 panion. I ask my colleagues to join with now reported out of House-Senate con­ me in offering our prayers for Peter's OF GEORGIA ference, they said such amendment could parents, family, and friends. We can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ;pass "in part because Senators have share their sense of loss and their sense Thursday, July 28, 1977 heard from very few constituents who of pride as we pay tribute to this brave support such assistance. They have been young man. Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, our re­ sponsibilities to the Constitution and to made very aware of conservative opinion our constituents requires us to be aware against it." of special interest groups pressing for In the absence of sentiment from the American taxpayer that their money REQUIRING A CONSUMER INFOR­ legislation which may benefit their own cause, but which may be highly detri­ should go to the Communist terrorist re­ MATION TELEPHONE NUMBER gimes, the CNFMP has called on its clique ON ALL ADVERTISEMENTS mental to the best interests of our coun­ try. of professional activists to grind out the Take for example the issue of whether illusion of such support. HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR America should provide either direct or The coalition call was signed by Chris­ indirect assistance to the new Commu­ tine Root, a professional lobbyist for the OF MINNESOTA nist regimes that in 1975 and 1976 took Washington Office on Africa, founded by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES control of Angola, Mozambique, Vietnam, the American Committee on Africa­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 Cambodia, and Laos. The "governments" ACOA-the principal support group for which control these countries took power the Soviet backed terrorists in southern Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, today I after a protracted struggle involving Africa; John McAuliff, former head of am introducing legislation which would cold, ruthless terrorism against the un­ an organization of radical Peace Corps amend the Federal Trade Commission armed civilians of those countries. That veterans, the Committee of Returned Act to provide that the dissemination of terrorism, now "state terrorism" of an Volunteers, who has been working for any advertisement for goods or services intensity that would delight Leon Trot­ the American Friends Service Commit­ by a retailer which does not include a sky, continues as the mechanism of con­ tee in support of the Indochinese Com­ consumer information telephone number trol over the demoralized populations. munists since 1973 and who has come to shall be an unfair or deceptive act or Washington especially to work on "Indo­ practice. Angola, conquered for the MPLA by the Soviet Union's Cuban surrogates, china legislation" with the CNFMP; Each year, according to a study by the carries out harsh suppression against the Bruce Cameron, Americans for Demo­ President's Commission on Law Enforce­ villagers of southern and eastern Angola cratic Action-ADA-legislative coordi­ ment and Administration of Justice, who support the UNITA and FNLA nator for the Human Rights Working consumer frauds cost an estimated $1.35 movements. Mozambique, where the Group of the CNFMP; and Brewster billion. Perhaps the most common, and FRELIMO Marxist-Leninists were able Rhoads. most avoidable and preventable of to exterminate their internal opposition The call concludes with a plug for an frauds, is the "bait and switch." This guerrillas prior to the fall of Portugal upcoming friendshipment conference to type of fraud involves advertising or of­ to a leftist military junta, is rushing be held September 24-25 in New York fering for sale goods or services knowing forward into a strictly orthodox Com­ City. that such goods will not be sold as offered munist system. Vietnam, first having Representatives of groups forming the or advertised. It is this type of fraud that taken time to hold a ..census and update triple coalitions friendshipment-eco­ my bill will attempt to eliminate. its secret police files, is carrying out mass nomic aid to the new Communist regimes Another serious problem faced by the deportations of persons who fled from in Southeast Asia-National Council for American public is the fact that too many the Communists to the cities of South Universal and Unconditional Amnesty­ advertisements do not contain useful in­ Vietnam. NCUUA-amnesty for deserters; and the formation about the product offered for And Cambodia; are there words suffi­ CNFMP met at Yale law school on July 9, sale. Business spent over $32 billion on 1977, to outline legislative action tactics. cient for the torment of Cambodia? Participating organizations included advertising last year. Yet the paradox is Nevertheless, an organization of groups that despite such massive expenditures, the Stockholm peace appeal, an op­ who have supported the long struggle eration of the CPUSA-run U.S. section of advertising provides consumers with of the Soviet-backed Marxist terrorist little useful information. The public's the World Peace Council; Women's In­ movements in Africa and Asia has ternational League for Peace and Free­ need to know about products remains mounted an all-out pressure drive to largely unfulfilled. dom-WILPF-American Friends Serv­ block amendments that would bar money ice Committee; Clergy and Laity Con­ Congress recently has taken steps to taken in taxes from American citizens cerned-CALC-and the CPUSA-domi­ alleviate this situation, requiring busi­ and contributed to international finan­ nated Connecticut Peace Action Coali­ nesses to disclose key facts, establishing cial and other agencies from being given tion. standards, or providing information to the new Communist terrorist regimes. Principal speakers included Cora directly. This organization, the Coalition for a Weiss, head of friendshipment which The obvious question to be raised is: New Foreign and Military Policy­ states it works at the direction of the Should advertising be asked to perform CNFMP-has circulated a call for a last Vietnamese Communist government; an information function? In answering minute drive to block amendments re­ veteran CPUSA "peace activist" Sid Tay­ that question, one important observa­ stricting aid to Angola, Mozambique, lor; Hugh B. Hester; Stewart Meacham, tion should be made-the need to im­ Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. an AFSC leader; and Don Luce of CALC prove the flow of information to consum­ Dated July 21, the call stated: and friendshipment. ers. The answer, of course, is: yes. Finally, here is new confirmation that your The July 9 meeting also laid the efforts do indeed make a difference! Several The consumer's problem is not infor­ key Senate staffers told us this morning that groundwork for upcoming campaigns mation; he gets plenty of that through many people responded to the Coalition's against the remaining free countries in advertising. The problem is getting the recent emergency post-card mailing on the Southeast Asia. Thailand and Malaysia, proper information data that most ad­ infamous Dole Amendment (barring U.S. for the past 2 years subject to increas­ vertisements omit. By requiring a con­ support for IFI loans to Indochina). They ing terrorist attacks by Communist said that for the first time, mail in support forces, were specifically targeted, as well sumer information telephone number to of U.S. post-war assistance for Vietnam bal­ as the Philippines and Indonesia. be maintained by businesses, many ques­ anced the usual letters from the right wing. Those will become the new areas for tions and problems consumers have will As a result, the House-Senate Conference Committee meeting on the IFI authorization terror and subversion. The current ques­ hopefully be answered and resolved. This bill (H.R. 5262) last TUesday changed Dole's tion is whether the American taxpayer is a positive step in the direction of ful­ mandatory no vote and equivalent fund will undertake to subsidize the Commu­ filling consumers' information needs. withdrawal language to an innocuous provi- nists gains in Asia and Africa to date. 25596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 ice as a vehicle for combating the erosion of that the better qualified would stand a bet­ A NATIONAL SERVICE DRAFT­ "national purpose" that has supposedly taken ter chance of their preferred chojces. Alter­ PART m place during the past 10 to 15 years. Ideally, natively, a pay or period-of-service differ­ this would be accomplished in part through ential could be introduced. Military pay the "meaningful" activities that would com­ might be set at a level higher than for other HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER prise a national service program. Youth national service jobs, or other jobs might OF WISCONSIN would be more effectively brought into the have a three-year commitment as opposed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mainstream of American society; and society to two years of military duty.1 In any case, in general would become better acquainted it is clear that without some such differen­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 with the aspirations, needs, and ideas of tial, compulsory national service once again Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, this is the youth. National service is also seen as a introduces the equity problem that was in­ last of three insertions of a paper pre­ means for encouraging a certain "socializa­ herent under the selective service draft, but sented by Dr. Richard V. I. Cooper at the tion" process among the nation's youth­ eliminated by the AVF. specifically, a xnixing of i.ndividuals :trom Second, a national service draft would be recent West Point senior conference on different backgrounds and with different in­ enormously expensive. Total program cost national service. Dr. Cooper, of the Rand terests that xnight not otherwise take place would depend on a number of factors, in­ Corporation, is one of the Nation's top under a strictly market economy. cluding the number of young Ainericans experts on military manpower questions. Proponents of national service, of course, serving in the program (which in turn de­ Today's segment of the paper, "A Na­ do not expect these things to happen over­ pends on disqualification rates and the ex­ tional Service Draft?", includes his dis­ night or that national service would be the tent to which young women would par­ cussion of compulsory national service, sole means for achieving these objectives. ticipate), the length of the service commit­ and his conclusions. Cooper suggests Rather, national service ls seen as the begin­ ment, the pay for national service, the costs ning of a long evolution toward a more ef­ of accession and training, and the costs of several problems with compulsory na­ fective interaction between the individual administering the program. tional service: First, "the equity question and society. Although it is dimcult to pinpoint the concerning how national service workers In addition to the philosophical base of exact costs of a national service draft, Table would be distributed among the various the argument, there is a more practical side 3 illustrates some of the potential magni­ national service jobs;" second, "a na­ to the case for national service. Specifically, tudes. For example, assuming that about 2 tional service draft would be enormously one only has to look at the very high youth million young men become 18 years old expensive;" third, it "would be likely to unemployment rates--approaching 30 per­ every year, that between 75 and 90 percent displace some currently employed cent or more for certain minority groups­ of all those coxning of age would be found to see the economic rationale for compulsory eligible for national service,2 and that mili­ workers·" and fourth, it "could cause national service. Not only would a national possibly' severe economic dislocations." tary force readiness requirements dictate two service draft reduce youth unemployment years as the minimum length of service, the Dr. Cooper further suggests that "im­ rateS' directly, but a possible side benefit numbers of young men in national service position of compulsory national service would be decreased future unemployment at any point in time would be between 3 would seem to directly contradict the rates for national service participants--a re­ and 3.5 million. Thus, depending on how long-held principle of individual free­ sult of the skills and maturity presumably many women would participate, the total dom." It is his conclusion that "the gained during their period of service. Thus, number of national service members would compulsory national service is seen as a tool be between 3 and 7 million. Assuming fur­ volunteer force has worked and, with for making youth more "employable." continued top level management atten­ ther that the pay for national service would Although the above objectives are clearly be in the neighborhood of between $2.30 and tion it can probably continue to work laudable, it is important to recognize that $2.50 per hour,a the total salary cost for a for the remainder of this century." they are a possible outcome of compulsory "men only" national service program would His presentation is an excellent one. national service, not a certainty. Indeed, a be between $14 b1llion and $20 billion, as Those interested in the issue of the national service draft could do far worse shown in Table 3. volunteer force versus national service than the current system in achieving these objectives. For example, resentment among can gain excellent background and in­ those subject to a national service draft 1 President John F. Kennedy, for example, sight by reading his paper. I commend might reduce rather than increase the "sense proposed that a three-year period of service it to the attention of all who read the of commitment" to the country. Alterna­ in the Peace Corps might serve as an exemp­ RECORD: tively, a national service program may have tion from the two-year minimum military IV. COMPULSORY NATIONAL SERVICE little or no downstream effect on unemploy­ service. Although this proposal was never ment rates. imolemented, it 1s illustrative of how a As described in Section II, a national serv­ period-of-service differential might be ap­ ice draft would serve two principal purposes. PROBLEMS WITH COMPULSORY NATIONAL plied. It would help to supply the manpower re­ SERVICE 2 It is unlikely that the disqualification quired to staff the nation's armed forces; In addition to the uncertainty regarding rate for a national service program would and it would provide a means for utilizing the benefits to be derived from compulsory be below those rates experienced during the the remainder of young men (and possibly national service, implementation of such a selective service draft, since the same ra­ young women) in nonmilitary functions de­ policy also raises some possibly severe prob­ tionale (e.g., force readiness, etc.) could not signed to benefit the national purpose. Be­ lems as well. First, there is the equity ques- be used to exclude the large numbers of cause of the enormous impact that a compul­ tion concerning how national service work­ individuals that were in fact disqualified for sory national service policy would thus have ers would be distributed among the various physical or mental reasons during the draft. on defense in particular and society 1n gen­ national service jobs--especially between Moreover, viewed as a social policy, national eral, the discussion below briefly addresses mmtary and nonmilitary assignments-­ service might have its greatest positive im­ some of the benefits and problems that might given that the distribution of individual pact on those that would have been dis­ result if such a policy were implemented. preferences would be unlikely to match the qualified under a selective service draft. BENEFITS OF COMPULSORY NATIONAL SERVICE distribution of jobs. For example, it is hard a It is interesting to note that even if the Support for a compulsory national service to argue that cutting down a tree in Wyo­ 1971 first-term pay increase had not been program is both ohllosonhical and practical ming as part of the forestry service 1s tmplemented, existing Federal law would in nature. On the philosophical side, national equivalent to cutting down a tree on the have resulted in regular military compensa­ service is seen by some as a vehicle for en­ border between North and South Korea in tion of about $4,960 per year for the first couraging a new "sense of commitment" to tne military. In general, then, an excess sup­ two years of military service in fiscal 1976-­ the country-a hoped for result of the direct ply of applicants for nonmilitary assignments about $2.38 an hour. To expect that pay labor contribution that each young national would be expected. could be reduced much below this level, service participant would make. In other This problem could be solved by a random which was viewed as a poverty wage during words, some view compulsory national serv- selection process, though history tells us the 1971 AVF debate, is at best unrealistic.

COST OF COMPULSORY NATIONAL SERVICE : MEN ONLY Minimum Maximum Number Average cost Total cost Number Average cost Total cost Cost element (thousands) (per year) (billions) (thousands) (per year) (billions)

~~~ei~~~Administration2~s_e~~~~~~~ ______:======ua1_5_0 _____ $u~1_2_,_500 ______$It1_._ss u______U~&1_00 _____ $~:1_5_,000 ggg______$l!:10_._so ~g TotaL ______------19. 88 ------37. 97

•Annual salary minimum based on minimum wage of $2.30 per hr; maximum based on wage 2 Minimum based on 1 administrator (supervisors, clerical, etc.) per 20 servica members; of $2.50 per hr. Number based on cohort of 2,000,000 young men; minimum number based on maximum based on 1 administrator per5 service members. disqualification rate of 25 percent and 2-yr service tour; maximum number based on disqualifica- tion rate of 10 percent and 2-yr service tour. July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2559:7 The second cost element, accession and that a national service draft would deprive a 9-percent cap on hospital revenues and separation, would probably a.mount to be­ the economy of many productive workers. severely limit capital expenditures for tween $1.5 and $3.5 billion per year, assum­ Besides the economic and equity problems, ing that the sum of accession and separation there is some question a.bout how well a na­ hospital expansion and new equipment. costs (e.g., travel, processing, etc.) average tional service program would work since the In order for the hospitals to comply with between $1,000 and $2,000 per individual. "need" for this type of conscription is not the provisions of this bill, it is inevitable Depending on how much training would be certain to be well recognized by those forced that the availability of hospital services supplied,' total training costs exclusive of to bear the burden. One only has to look back and the volume of admissions will be national service members' own salaries would to the Vietnam War to see the effects of an restricted. In other words, the President's probably a.mount to somewhere between $2 unpopular war or the lack of a national com­ proposal will lead to the rationing of billion and $5 billion per year. mitment on the ability to successfully main­ Perhaps most difficult to estimate are the tain conscription. Thus, whereas the impor­ health care, a practice which is a fact of costs of administration. If only one adminis­ tance of defense may be well recognized by life in Great Britain under the national trator (e.g., supervisors, clerical support, the American population-thus providing a health service program. etc.) is needed per 20 service members, ad­ certain credibility for a military draft when I had the opportunity to view the Brit­ ministration costs could run less than $2 needed-drafting for "non-essential" pur­ ish health system 2 years ago, and was billion per yea.r.G Alternatively, these costs poses might seriously dilute support for a appalled at what I found. Because the might run more than $10 billion per year, nonmilitary draft. In other words, the same annual expenditures for health care are assuming one administrator per five service arguments used to support a military draft-­ members. e.g., a youthful fighting force and the neces­ budgeted by the government, which has Together, the total cost of a "men only" sity of defense--cannot be used to justify promised free care for everyone, physi­ national service draft would seem to be conscripting young men and women for non­ cians face an unlimited demand for serv­ somewhere between $20 billion and $40 bil­ military purposes. ices and a shortage of facilities and sup­ lion per year, with the "best gues.5•• probably The use of compulsory national service also plies. Long waiting lists for necessary being in the neighborhood of $30 billion per raises a number of philosophical and legal surgery have resulted, leading to the pro­ year. Netting out the $5 to $6 bill10n per year problems, including the problems resulting longed suffering and, in some cases, need­ associated with those currently serving in from the use of coercion to allocate labor re­ less deaths of patients. I fear that the their first two yea.rs of military service, a sources in a free society. In this regard, a national service draft would thus add about Senate speech by Robert Taft of Ohio just same situation will develop here if we at­ $25 billion to the Federal budget, assuming before World War II is particularly relevant: tempt to strangle our hospitals with cost that women were not allowed ;;o serve (an "The principle of a compulsory draft is containment regulations. unlikely event), that there were no pay or basically wrong. If we must use compulsion As an example of the chaos which could period-of-service differentials, and that the to get an Army, why not use compulsion to result should patients be forced to wait minimum period of service was two years. get men for other essential tasks? Why not for hospital care, I am inserting a recent Relaxing these conservative assumptions so draft labor for (essential) occupations at article from the Waukegan

WORLO-WIDE FAST BREEDER REACTOR PLANTS

Power (megawatts) Power (megawatts) Pool or Initial Pool or Initial Name Country Thermal Electric loop operation Name Country Thermal Electric loop operation

Decommissioned: Joyo ______Japan ______4100 ------Loop ______1977 Clementine ______United States _ 0. 25 ------Loop ______1946 KNK-115 ______WestGermany_ 58 20 Loop ______a 1977 Exg~:~d;~tal do ______1 .02 Loop ______1951 Under construction or hardware com- reactor- I. mitted: BR- 1/ BR- 2_ ----- U.S.S.R ______0. 1 ------Loop ______1956 BN-600 ______U.S.S.R ______1470 600 Pool______1978 LAMPRE ______United States _ 1 ------Loop ______1961 Fast flux test Unitad States_ 400 ------Loop ______1979 Fermi ______do ______200 60. 9 Loop ______1961 facility. SEFOR_ ------__ ---- _do ___ ---- 20 ------Loop ______1969 Prova elementi Italy ______140 ------Modified 1980 Operable: di combustible. pool. Loop ______BR- 5/BR- 10 ' ---- U.S.S.R______t 5/10 ------Loop ______I 1959 SNR- 300 ______West 770 312 1981 Dounreay fast Un ited 72 14 Loop ______1959 Germany. Clinch River United States_ 975 350 Loop ______1984 Ex~e;r~~~ntal u~~~!~~~tes _ 62. 5 18. 5 PooL ______1963 breeder breeder reactor. reactor- I I. Planned: Rapsodie ______France ______2 20/40 Loop ______'1966 Super-Phenix __ __ France ______2, 900 1, 200 Pool______1982-3 BOR- 60 _------U.S.S.R ______60 12 Loop ______1969 Monju ______Japan ______714 300 1984 BN - 350 ______U.S.S.R ______1000 3150 Loop ______1972 Commercial fast United 3, 230 l, 320 1984-5 Phenix ______France ______567 250 PooL ______1973 reactor. Kingdom. ~~~L= = == Prototype Fast Un ited 600 250 P.:>oL ______1974 SNR-2 ______West 5,000 1, 200-2, 000 Loop ______1985-6 Reactor. Kingdom. Germany.

1 Initially operated at 5 MW thermal as BR- 5; upgraded to BR- 10 (10 MW thermal) in 1973. a Also produces the equivalent of 200 MWe as process steam for desalination. ~ Init i ally operated at 20 MW thermal ; power increased to 40 MW thermal in 1970 with "Fortis­ •To be operatad initially at 50 MW thermal. simo" core. 5 Operated 1971thrugh1974 as a thermal reactor, KNK-1. AUTO INDUSTRY PROFITS AND GM SALES, NET SET HIGHS IN QUARTER AND to 2.6 million units, up 8 percent from the AUTO EMISSIONS lST HALF, TOPPING EXPECTATIONS-STRONG year earlier and 7 percent above the previous VOLUME FOR MEDIUM, LARGE AUTOS CON­ record second quarter of 1973. TINUED; RECORD FORD PROFIT SEEN PROFIT MARGINS COMPARED DETROIT.-General Motors Corp. reported As it has in recent periods, though, GM HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. that second quarter earnings and sales were attempted to play down the size of its earn­ OF CALIFORNIA the highest i·or any quarter in its history. ings. The company said its profit margin in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Paced by continued strong sales of me­ the second quarter trailed past periods. Net dium-sized and large cars, the No. 1 auto income as a percentage of sales in the second Thursday, July 28, 1977 maker earned $1.1 billion, or $3.82 a share, quarter was 7.4 percent, slightly ahead of the Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ up 21 percent from previous record net in­ 7.3 percent profit margin the year earlier, but come of $909 million, or $3.16 a share, in below the 8.3 percent level of 1973's second er, as the Clean Air Act Conference Com­ 1976's second quarter. Sales rose 19 percent mittee attempts to resolve its differences, quarter. The company said that increased to $14.88 billion, from $12.53 billion. labor and material costs held down the it is important to recognize the back­ The earnings were slightly higher than margin. ground of the debate over auto emission Wall Street analysts had expected. Estimates for the quarter ranged from $3.60 a share to In their statement, Mr. Murphy and Mr. standards. The auto industry, as it is Estes said that current economic indicators accustomed to doing, has raised the spec­ $3.80 a share. Second quarter results brought GM's six­ show a "firm base for continued progress ln ter of mass unemployment and economic month earnings to a record $2 billion, or 1977." The two reiterated their prediction disruption if it does not get its way again $5.96 a share, up almost 18 percent from the that total car sales in the U .S. in 1977 will be on auto emission standards. Meanwhile, $1.71 billion, or $5.94 a share, earned the year about 11.3 mlllion, 11 percent above the 10.1 earlier. First half sales also set a record, rising mlllion sold last year, and just below the the major auto companies are enjoying record 11.4 million cars sold in· 1973. record sales, earnings, and profits. about 19 percent to $28.43 billion from $23.95 billion the year before. Auto analysts expect GM to benefit from The reality of the situation is that OTHER REPORTS ARE DUE continued strong new-car sales. They esti­ neither the House nor the Senate bills, mate that the auto maker will have record The two other major U .S. auto makers are earninf?s in both the current quarter a.nd for currently being resolved in conference, expected to report second quarter earnings all of 1977. contain any new emission requirement this week. Analysts predict that Ford Motor GM's result.s also are expected to be helped for the upcoming model year. The debate Co., which like GM has benefited from the by price boosts on 1978 models, due out later is actually over future model years, and strong demand for larger cars, also will post a second quarter record. Estimates of Ford's this year. GM already has indicated that it what steps will be required in the years second quarter earnings range from $4.25 a may boost price" on those models an average to come to control the emissions from share to $4.60 a share, or between 13 percent 6 percent, or $350 a car. automobiles, which are the single largest and 22 percent higher than last year's re­ WARNING IS REITERATED source of pollution for most of the stated $3.76 a share. The 1976 figure is ad­ In its earnings statement, however, GM justed to refiect a five-for-one stock split reitera.ted its warning that auto production Nation. earlier this year. could be disrupted if Congress doesn't soon Mr. Speaker, I hope my colleagues on Chrysler Corp., heavily committed to small­ set rel•axed emissions standards for 1978- the conference committee will look be­ car production, made fewer cars in the sec­ model cars. GM said that if new standards hind the rhetoric of the automobile in­ ond quarter than a year earlier and analysts aren't set by Aug. 8, when the company plans expect operating earnings to be down 18 per­ to begin producing 1978 models, "plant clos­ dustry and their partisans, and vote out cent to 30 percent from last year's $2.08 a ings would have to be scheduled immediately. the strongest possible automobile emis­ share. Parts plants would be affected first and all sion standards. I am confident that the American Motors Corp., as previously re­ automobile production and assembly for the full House would stand behind this deci­ ported, earned $1.6 million, or six cents a U .S. market would be scheduled to be termi­ sion by the conferees. share, on sales of $580 million, in its fiscal nated by mid-September." third quarter, ended June 30. AMC had a It's an open question whether any disrup­ In order to elaborate on these com­ $3.9 million loss on sales of $601.8 million the tions will ever occur, though. Both houses of ments, I would like to insert in the REC­ year earlier. Conizress already have passed measures revis­ ORD two articles from the July 28 issue of In a statement attributed to Thomas A. ing the tougher 1978 auto-emission statidards the Wall Street Journal, which appeared Murphy, chairman, and Elliott M. Estes, pres­ currently mandated. A conference committee side by side in this edition. ident, the company noted that "unprece­ currently is trying to work out a final hill, dented demand" in the second period pushed before Congres.s breaks for its summer vaca­ The articles follow: deliveries to dealers of GM cars and trucks tion Aug. 5. July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25599 CONFEREES EASE RULE ON FACTORY BUILDING to the Virgin Islands. The first is the of the heroes of the Vietnam war, having IN DIRTY-AIR AREAS elimination of the purchase requirement, survived 352 combat flights. WASHINGTON. -House-Senate conferees and the second is the creation of a Virgin Following is the item from the Wash­ agreed to relax existing restrictions on build­ Islands standard deduction. ingoon Post regarding this unfortunate ing new factories in urban areas with dirty air, but with a catch displeasing to the auto The Virgin Islands is a high cost area. incident: industry. Our cost of living is 25 percent higher PILOT KILLED IN JET CRASH The Environmental Protection Agency cur­ than that of the mainland. The recent CHEYENNE, WYO.-A jet belonging to the rently restricts new factory construction in economic problems in the island have Air Force's Thunderbirds aerobatic team areas where the air is more polluted than placed 7,000 families on the food stamp overshot a runway at the Municipal Airport federal health standards allow. The EPA re­ program. Yet because of our high costs, and crashed near the Frontier Days rodeo quires that before a new plant can be built, and low incomes, there are some people ground during a rainstorm today, kill1ng the an old one must be closed down or cleaned at the lowest economic level who cannot pilot and injuring a groundskeeper. up. The rule has been criticized widely as A Pentagon spokesman in Washington hampering economic growth, and Congre£s generate enough income to qualify. identified the dead pilot as Capt. Charles M. ha.s been under pressure to relax it. Elimination of the purchase require­ Carter, 33, of San Antonio, Tex., a veteran Both the House and Senate versions of ment will include these people and again of 352 combat flights in Vietnam. the pending clean air bill would give state reorient the program so that its emphasis According to witnesses, the T-38 slammed antipollution authorities a way out of the is toward helping the poor. into the field during a rainstorm, then slid EPA "trade-off" rule. House and Senate con­ Besides being a humanistic approach into a nearby stock pen, killing several rodeo ferees, who are reconciling differences be­ to helping our poor, the elimination of animals. The groundskeeper, who was not tween the bills, agreed on a formula to let the purchase requirement would save ap­ immediately identified, was struck by flying states avoid the federal trade-off require­ debris from the crash. ment by drawing up plans that promise to proximately $36 million in administrative meet air-quality health standards by 1982, or costs, reduce fraud, and increase the ef­ by 1987 at the latest. ficiency of the program. It is rare that Moreover, the House bill contains a pro­ we have an opportunity to do something PRESIDENT CARTER'S SPECIAL DIS­ vision allowing states, as part of their clean­ so humanistic, and yet which actually CHARGE REVIEW PROGRAM up plans, to adopt California's auto-exhaust increases governmental efficiency. I com­ pollution standards, which are stricter than mend my colleagues for their action. the national standards. The conferees agreed The second aspect of this legislation HON. ELWOOD HILLIS to give that option to all states having dirty­ air areas, as long as they give two years' ad­ which I believe will be beneficial to the OF INDIANA vance notice. islands is the setting of a standard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deduction which accurately reflects the The auto industry currently makes about Thursday, July 28, 1977 10% of its cars with pollution controls in­ costs in the islands. tended to meet the California standards. The The original language of the bill had Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, on March industry fought hard against letting these a standard deduction of $35 for ea.ch of 28, 1977, the Department of Defense an­ standards spread to other states, arguing it the Territories, but it was based only nounced the implementation of the would complicate production and marketing. on figures for Puerto Rico. I was able to President's special discharge review pro­ Rep. John Dingell (D., Mich.) tried to per­ suade the conferees to defer consideration convince my colleagues on the Subcom­ gram. This program is designed to up­ of this plan until they start arguing about mittee on Domestic Marketing, Con­ grade certain discharges for Vietnam­ the hotly controversial proposed change in sumer Relations, and Nutrition that the era veterans. In taking this action, the the future timetable for national auto emis­ situation in the Virgin Islands is suffi­ President was said to be acting in the sion standards, but he was voted down. ciently different with respect to costs spirit of compassion and forgiveness by The conferees may reach that part of the from Puerto Rico and Guam to neces­ recognizing the fact that the Vietnam bill today or tomorrow, under strong pres­ sitate an individualized standard deduc­ sure from the White House and congressional war was a special war and therefore its leaders to agree on that national timetable. tion. I am pleased that my colleagues veterans deserve special consideration. Both the House and Senate versions of the have ratified this concept with their ap­ After having the opportunity to review bill would let Detroit continue to meet 1977 proval of this title. the specifics of the President's program, emission standards in producing 1978-model Hopefully, at one point, when our I became concerned that thousands of cars, averting the tighter standards required economic conditions change, the need military deserters would soon become by existing law. But the Senate bill would for the food stamp program will be eligible to full entitlement to VA bene­ require a faster cleanup schedule for post- drastically reduced. Until that day, how­ fits as a consequence of their upgraded 1978 models than the House measure would. ever, we do need a healthy and respon­ The conferees have only a short time to discharges. This view was shared by change the law. Congress plans to start a sive program. I believe that the provi­ many Members of the House and Senate. month-long summer recess Aug. 5, while sions of this bill accomplish this aim. It became apparent that the Congress some auto makers want to start producing was not going to allow the President to 1978-model cars a few days later. President proceed without a fight when, in early Carter has warned that failure to reach final April, several measures were introduced agreement on the clean air bill could force THUNDERBIRD CRASH AT CHEY­ which were designed to deny VA benefits the auto industry to close down. ENNE, WYO., MARS FRONTIER to any veteran whose discharge was up­ Sen. Edmund Muskie (D., Maine), the con­ DAYS CELEBRATION ference chairman, said yesterday the confer­ graded solely on the basis of the special ees have a target of trying "to finish this discharge review program. None of these bill this week." HON. TENO RONCALIO bills were designed to prevent the actual OF WYOMING upgrading of the discharges, however. It IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was felt that the President was correct in seeking to assist those veterans who NEW FOOD STAMP LEGISLATION Thursday, July 28, 1977 received less-than-honorable discharges Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, an Air find meaningful employment, but that HON. RON DE LUGO Force officer was killed yesterday in the granting of VA benefits was unneces­ OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Cheyenne, Wyo., while trying to land his sary and unjustified. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thunderbirds aerobatic team jet during Reacting to growing pressure to pre­ a rainstorm. vent military deserters from becoming Thursday, July 28, 1977 Cheyenne citizens have been proud and eligible for VA benefits, the House Vet­ Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, as one who deeply appreciative of Thunderbird pilots erans' Affairs Committee formed a spe­ participated in getting Congress to ex­ over the past many years, a.s they have cial subcommittee to conduct hearings on tend the food stamp program to the contributed so much to the success of the matter. This subcommittee, of which Virgin Islands, I wish to commend my Cheyenne Frontier Days celebrations. I am a member, held 4 days of hearings colleagues' approval of the new food This tragic experience was a particularly giving every organization which desired stamp legislation embodied in title XII difficult one for Wyoming's citizens. We the opportunity time to exoress its views. of H.R. 7171. are very, very sorry for the family of the As a result of these hearings, new and There are two key provisions of this deceased pilot, Capt. Charles M. Car­ better legislation was introduced in a title which are particularly applicable ter, who, by the following account, is one continuing effort to draft a fair measure 25600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 which would not prevent Vietnam vet­ chart. In an apparent typesetter's error Where aid has gone to economic develop­ erans with undesirable discharges from on page 25303 of the July 27 RECORD, a ment, it has been perverted, partly because applying for VA benefits under the cri­ major inaccuracy was presented. of economists' lack of understanding of the development process. As I reflect over the role teria which existed prior to the Presi­ The estimated 1985 crude-oil produc­ of professional economists in getting foreign dent's program. tion :figures should have shown 3.3 bil­ aid going, I, as a professional economist, In the other body, the Veterans' Affairs lion under complete deregulation and 2.2 simply have to blush. Economists were ig­ Committee also became active on the is­ billion under the national energy plan; noring the principles of economics that they sue and reported S. 1307, which is similar however, a most serious error showed 4.5 taught in their own classrooms, namely that to several of the bills introduced in the billion under the national energy plan, the factors of production should be com­ House. It is obvious that opposition to the rather than the 2.2 billion correct figure bined in proportions appropriate to their which I placed in the RECORD. Appar­ relative abundance and scarcity. President's program is widespread and Books by Rostow and others made develop­ continues to grow. ently an inadvertent confusion with the ment look like a simple matter of increasing Today, the special subcommittee of 1985 estimated import figure of 4.5 was the amount of capital, just stepping on the the House Veterans' Affairs Committee made. Since this error made the chart accelerator; little matter what kind of aid recommended a new measure to the full appear to show precisely the reverse of as long as the additional amount was enough committee that is a combination of what the study's actual conclusion was­ to get a "take-off," one of the most egregious months of work and a concerted effort to namely, that the national energy plan simplifications in the checkered history of develop the best possible compromise will result in less oil production and sup­ economic doctrine. How many thousands of times that term, "take-off," has been re­ which will not preclude the veterans who ply-I wish to take this opportunity to peated in development writings! apply for an upgraded discharge under set the RECORD straight. A favorite thesis of development literature the President's program from receiving 'l'he corrected portion of the chart has been that the poor have too little income a clean bill of health from the military, should now read as follows: to spare the savings needed for capital de­ but will not automatically entitle them 1985 crude-oil production (3.6 today) : velopment. Further, because the poor are so to VA benefits either. This measure will Complete deregulation ______3.3 desperate for economic goods, most of the be introduced today by Chairman RAY National energy plan ______2.2 increase in production would be soaked up ROBERTS with the cosponsorship of by necessary consumption rather than by almost the entire special subcommittee. going to further saving and capital forma­ This new measure forces DOD's Dis­ tion. There was-and still is-a failure to perceive that the poor nations (quite aside charge Review Board to make a separate LIGHT CAPITAL TECHNOLOGY IN from having an astonishing proportion of determination whether it would have FOREIGN AID conventional, rather than necessary con­ granted an upgrading of the less-than­ sumption) have a large source of capital honorable discharge under generally ap­ that doesn't need to come from prior savings plicable standards in existence prior to HON. CLARENCE D. LONG but can come from unutilized or under­ March 28, 1977. Furthermore, the meas­ OF MARYLAND ut111zed labor time. ure insures that anyone who was absent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Karl Marx called capital congealed labor without authority for a continuous time. I was taught to ridicule that simplifica­ period of 180 days will not be eligible for Thursday, July 28, 1977 tion, but its truth has become evident, at lea.st in the development area. Napoleon de­ VA benefits by including this group of Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, scribed war as a simple art: "all is in the ex­ veterans in the definition of a deserter. on June 30, 1977, I had the opportunity ecution." The not-so-simple are of develop­ There are two more important features to address the Washington chapter of ment is in knowing how to congeal labor into of the bill which should be made men­ the Society for International Develop­ capital. tion of and brought to the attention of ment on a topic of the greatest impor­ The bad economics has come from the the House. The first is that veterans with tance to billions of the world's poor: failure to perceive that sophisticated capital a service-connected disability will be light capital technology in foreign aid. formation is not appropriate to poor coun­ allowed to receive medical care under The text of the address follows: tries with vast underutilized labor because the V A's Department of Medicine and it requires too much capital to employ many LIGHT CAPITAL TECHNOLOGY IN FOREIGN AID workers, because there is not the skilled Surgery, even if they are denied all other I'm speaking in a complicated field and VA benefits• due to the nature of their labor to run sophisticated equipment or keep much of what I say will seem simplistic. But it in repair, because the equipment is too service. This provision does not apply to in order to do anything, one has to simplify; expensive to replace, and because it can have deserters, however. The second impor­ action itself ls simplification. So, at the risk the effect of disemploying large numbers. tant feature of the measure is the pro­ of being the John Wayne of foreign aid, I of rural laborers or of falling to absorb grow­ vision which expresses the sense of the am going to share some of my though ts on ing labor forces. Congress that the President should ex­ light capital technology and foreign aid. Many of you have thought about this, per­ THE TIME IS RIPE FOR A NEW VIEW OF Am tend the provisions of his special dis­ haps more deeply than I; but perhaps some Why is a new view of foreign aid and light charge review program, as amended by of you have not. One often has to say things capital development in order? Why are we the act, to veterans of all wars. that everybody knows in order to establish moving away from the "trickle-down" view It is my hope that the Congress will rapport--to get across that he understands of development? Various reasons: be able to send this compromise measure certain things that his audience already ap­ First, the world is in the midst of an to the President in the near future. It preciates itself. egalitarian upheaval. In all societies, every­ would be a mistake for the Congress to The United States has spent a third of a where, including the West, people are de­ trillion dollars on foreign aid, counting the manding a more even distribution of income, allow deserters to become eligible for VA interest on the money borrowed; most of this regardless of the impact on political, social, benefits when budget considerations aid is wide of any mark of improving the lot and economic institutions. If the poor can have forced many important legislative of the world's poor through economic devel­ not be made richer, the rich are to be made proposals to be postponed which were opment. poorer. designed to improve benefits now avail­ REASONS FOR AID'S FAILURE Second, "trickle-down" development has able to veterans who served honorably. A first reason for a.id's failure is that much falled, or more accurately, it costs too much of the aid has gone not for economic de­ capital for the benefit that trickles down. velopment but for luxury consumption and For example, a June, 1976, loan by the In­ for competitive arms buildups. In the ten ternational Development Association to OIL AND GAS years from 1968-1977 while the U.S., the Afghanistan for livestock development is es­ multilateral banks, and all other aid donors timated to have a foreign capital cost of were giving India $14.9 billion in foreign aid. a.bout $15,000 per family (a $15 m111ion HON. JAMES M. COLLINS India was spending over $24 billion on iti:; IDA loan with $2 million in additlonal local OF TEXAS mmtary establishment. costs to benefit 1050 sheepherders). At this cost, to benefit all of Afghanistan's approxi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bad policy has been compounded by bad politics. Influential people have benefitted mately 3 million rural families would re­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 from aid. In this country, corporations, and quire $45 billion in foreign capital-in that their co-conspirators among unions, sell tiny country alone. Calculation on the back Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, their products subsidized by foreign aid at of an envelope will tell you that there a.re 300 yesterday, under a special order, I de­ the expense of U.S. taxpayers. Jn develop­ million poor families in the non-Communist livered a speech on the House :floor con­ ing nations, elites siphon off profits by build­ developing world, and to reach them all with cerning the national energy plan, and ing or owning port developments, darns, air­ this kind of IDA loan would reouire approx­ placed in the RECORD an accompanying port highways, or simply by stealing. imately $4.5 trilllon--over 15,000 times what July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25601 would be realistically forthcoming annually 4. Showing the poor how to create the capi­ bank cited as an illustration of appropriate from the U.S. in both bilateral and multi­ tal from their own idle labor time, with just technology a number of loans to "small and lateral economic aid. enough materials to make this possible. medium-scale industries." The average loan To aid all the world's poor at this cost, The latter two strategies I want to develop was over $290,000 and the cost per job cre­ even with the help of other aid donors, a little further, because these are the strate­ ated was $22,000. would require decades, if not centuries, dur­ gies of light capital technology. Third, the banks' reports imply, through a ing which time, of course, the number of OUTLINES OF A PROGRAM IN LIGHT CAPITAL number of examples, that using light cap­ poor would be multiplying because of pop­ TECHNOLOGY ital technology would make it impossible ulation growth--outpacing most, if not all, The contribution of the U.S. and other aid to export certain products. This implies that of the development. If we continue with donors to light capital technology can be in light capital technology is less efficient and policies that imply large capital inputs per the area of knowledge and ideas Jnstead of in higher cost than more modern technology; person, we shall not even be able to keep up, massive capital transfers. Light capital tech­ when, on the contrary, light capital technol­ much less catch up, with, rural and urban nology should not be corrupted by large in­ ogy embodies the basic principle of econom­ poverty in poor countries. fusions of money before it has had a. cha.nee ics-that the factors of production should be Anyone who looks at the sidewalks of to prove its own self-genera.ting capa.b111ty. combined in relation to their relative scar­ Bombay or at the countryside outside the Sophisticated capital technologies need city and abundance. Because that is the cities in any poor nation can see that heavy not be displaced either immediately or pos­ cheapest way to do it. capital development strategies have. if any­ sibly ever. Light ca.pita.I technologies can be No mater what they claim, politicians are thing, created extreme concentrations of developed in the rural areas and inserted not really innovators. They are too busy to wealth in poor nations while at the same into the interstices ot the urban economies think, and besides, one must have a follow­ time disemploying, or failing to employ, of poor countries simultaneously with in­ ing before one can get anywhere. Nothing 1s thousands and millions. Our foreign aid, frastructural development, roads, irrigation, more disconcerting for a leader than to say originally thought of as a strategy for head­ schools, and so forth. As light capital tech­ "come one" and then look around and see ing off communism may, by widening the nology proves itself, the idea can spread nobody there. So usually, we politicians have already glaring disparities between the rich from its not unimpressive beginnings, and to take other peoples• ideas and develop and the poor, have in fact been a boost to generate its own future capital. them. But in the U.S. movement towards communism. I took a. course in physics a. long time a.go, light capital technology, Congress can lay a Third, growing numbers, in Congress and rather rare claim to a modest innovative and I do not recall very much of it. But leadership. in the development field, have had a chance tberf> is impressed in my memory the sight to get out there and see what works and what of a lump of sugar held over a glass of water, The House under Clem Zablocki originated does not. The realization has dawned that just touching the tip to the surface, and and, with my strong support, authorized a light capital technolcgy is how development then liquid rising against gravity, soaking program for A.I.D. to spend $20 million occurred in now-developed nations during through FY 1978 on intermediate or light the the whole lump. That is caplllary action capital technology. Yesterday, over one and their early years when capital was scarce and and the "soaking up" approach is the way expensive and labor, abundant and cheap. one-half years after this program was auth­ development must proceed instead of con­ orized, Appropriate Technology, Internation­ One reason why light capital technology has centrating on the "trickle-down" approach in not been followed in recent development pro­ al-the organization created to carry out this which we have been operating so far. An­ program-finally was authorized to receive grams is that foreign aid has made it appear other "John Wayne-ism" perhaps, but I like to poor countries that capital did not need $1 mill1on of that $20 million in start-up it. funds to open an office; although it has to be economized on, because it would be According to the A.I.D. "Proposal for a loaned at gift rates of interest. If our own taken 1 month for A.I.D. to go through the Program in Appropriate Technology," and paper work for A.T.I. to get the Federal Re­ high powered economists can have been so other accounts, there a.re six national appro­ wide of the mark, surely non-sophisticated serve letter of credit that would give it real priate technology organizations in Africa, dollars to spend and A.T.I. stm does not people in poor countries were entitled to see appropriate technology units in the central matters with less than perfect clarity. have that letter. Until A.T.I. receives the ministries of Pakistan, India, and Bangla­ money, it cannot hire staff and start opera­ Fourth, the time is ripe for a new look at desh. a new national appropriate technology foreign aid because the light capital view of tions. This exasperating delay and a. recent organization in Honduras which A.I.D. plans article in the New Republic reveal substan­ development fl.ts the political facts of life in to support, I understand, and many other aid-giving countries. The blue collar worker tial bureaucratic resistance to light capital organizations involved in some way with technology within A.I.D. in any Congressman's audience, and I talk to light capital technology. him by the thousands, knows that there is a Today, the House-Senate Conference on Other aid organizations and international the multilateral bank a.uthoriza.tion blll shortage of capital in the United States. He institutions--such as the Peace Corps, the knows this from the high interest rates he agreed to my suggested language which re­ World Bank, the Inter-American De.7elop­ quires the U.S. to "promote the development must pay when he borrows, 1f he can borrow ment Bank. the International Labor Orga­ at all. He knows this from our huge unmet and utilization of light capital technologies" nization and other UN bodies, the Canadian by all the multilateral development banks. needs for: a1d agency-all are increasing attention to Slum rehabilitation and middle class hous- A similar amendment to the Inter-Amer­ light capital activities. Numerous books and ican Development Bank Authorization Act ing; articles-Schumacher's Small is Beautiful, Mass transit; has been in effect since May, 1976, and has and Nicholas Jequier's Appropriate Tech­ been creoited by a. Senate Foreign Relations Energy development; nclogy: Problems and Promises-a.re appear­ Comprehensive health care; Committee staff report, with galvanizing the ing and a fiood of writings on the subject is banks and bringing them to place more em­ Education for everyone-including the on the way. poor, the handicapped, and the gifted; phasis on these (light capital) techniques One of the great problems ahead in getting than their internal debates might have other­ Reducing pollution of air and water; light capital technologies accepted is that Flood control (I have seen estimates that wise allowed. bureaucrats and al!'enctes once opposed to The Long amendment to the Foreign Re­ it would cost ~ of a trillion dollars just to the idea are inevitably going to redefine it lations Authorization Act for FY 1978 re­ handle our fiood control problem); and and say that light cepttal technology is what Easing the plignt of the aged, growing in quires the U.S. to place "important em­ they have been doing all along. That is what phasis" on ilght capital technology in its number and, in their own view, in destitu­ happened to Christianity. The early Chris­ tion. participation in, and preparation for, the tians were tortured and butchered; every U.N. Conference on Science and Technology If one adds all those programs together, conceivable monstrosity was perpetrated on one comes up with trillions of dollars of un­ for Development. At first, I propose the them. When finally Christianity was accept­ phrase "major emphasis on light caplta.l tech­ met capital requirements here tn the U.S. ed by the barbarians, it was ma.de into a bar­ In view of our own needs and the trillions nology," but the State Department objected barian religion. More people were tortured to that, saying that its hands would be tied. of dollars it would require to apply sophisti­ and butchered all in the name cf the gentle cated cauttal develooment to benefit all of They suggested the word "appropriate.'-' That Christ, than was probably true of any other would have let them do anything they wanted the world's desperat-ely poor, we have four religion in history. I do not want to see that choices of strategy: to do. I insisted (successfully) that we get happen to appropriate technology. But al­ the word "important" in. 1. Giving up on aid. There are many who ready I see signs. Read the reports prepared The FY 78 Energy Research and Develop­ would like to scrao the whole aid program. by the multilateral develonment banks. ment Administration Authoriza.tion Blll in­ In fact, if you put foreign aid uo to a refer­ First, all the banks insist on using the cludes a. program in appropriate energy tech­ endum in the United States, it would lose term "appropriate technology" which makes nologies for the U.S. I was able to get some by about 90%. redefinition easter. The word "appropriate" funds for this program through my Interior 2. Settling for a permanent condition of is itself a "cop-out." You can do almost any­ Appropriations Subcommittee in Subcom­ token aid to poor lands, and that ts basically thing and call it anpropriate. I prefer the mittee markup. The Interior Appropriations what we are doing. Our aid program is basi­ phrase "U~ht caottal technology;" at least Bill, as approved by the Conferees, includes cally symbolic. you can get vour teeth into it. $3 million for this program. 3. Trving to make aid effective enough to Second, they use the terms "small" and Also in the field of energy, the FY 78 eco­ cover the great masses of the world's poor "medium-scale" to conjure up the idea of nomic aid authorization bill, as passed by with less capital per worker. Small is Beautiful. But what is small? One the House, includes $10 million earmarked 25602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 for "renewable energy sources for rural State Cost Control Plan for Hospitals 60, they lose all widow's benefits, and only areas." As I pointed out in an article in April Act of 1977 would establish in each State half accrue to them if they remarry after in the Spring issue of International Security a Hospital Review Commission which 60. Journal of Harvard, it is small-scale, de­ would implement a permanent program The plight of the older divorcee is even centralized, light capital energy technologies worse. Under current Social Security law, a that the poor countries need, not nuclear to control hospital costs through pro­ divorced homemaker is not entitled to any power or other large-scale generating spective rate and budget review and benefits based on her ex-husband's earnings projects. approval. unless the couple had been married at least The Community Services Administration, Because Members of the House of Rep­ 20 years-and even in that event she can­ the successor to the Office of Economic Op­ resentatives do not have this proposal not qualify until she is 62. This rule applies portunity, has allocated $3 million for the before them, Senator SCHWEIKER asked even to a divorced woman with children, creation of the National Center of Appro­ whose former husband is disabled and can­ priate Technology in Butte, Montana. Sena­ that I introduce their bill. I am pleased not provide any support. tor Mansfield had some interest in this proj­ to do so today. All these regulations ignore that marriage ect. is, among other things, an economic partner­ The Congress, through its power of the ship. While contributing valuable services to purse, can edge future programs in the di­ the maintenance of the family, homemakers rection of light capital technology. This, as INEQUITIES FORCE WOMEN TO enable their spouses to devote themselves Chairman of the Foreign Operations Appro­ FACE SOCIAL INSECURITY to full-time jobs in the workaday world. Yet priations Subcommittee, I have been endeav­ the wages earned by the partner outside oring to do, adhering to the Golden Rule: the home (usually the man) are credited "Gold makes the rules." This can be done HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS solely to him for purposes of Social Security variously. We can say to countries, "If you OF CALIFORNIA insurance when, in effect, the couple have are not interested in doing anything for your agreed to split his wages while sharing her poor, we shall take our very Um! ted aid funds IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES contribution of maintaining the home. and put them in other parts of the world Thursday, July 28, 1977 Some lawmakers have proposed bills that where there is will and sincerity for doing would recognize this concept of income-split­ what is claimed to be the main objective of Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, last week ting by establishing separate Social Security foreign aid." Whether we do this depends, of the Social Security Subcommittee began wage scales for homemakers. Several such course, on how much we really want to. hearings on legislation designed to make measures were discussed earlier this week There is no question in my mind that it can the social security system more equitable. when the House Ways and Means subcom­ be done. Friction will arise, but after all the I recently came across the article below mittee on Social Security held hearings on bad feeling and social strife that we have which, in my view, provides a concise equal treatment of men and women. How­ sown through past aid programs, the friction summary of the problems in this area ever, since subcommittee members have al­ we might cause with certain elites in endeav­ ready indicated that their overriding con­ oring to do something right for a change which must be addressed. As Ms. Eisler cern for the rest of the present session will might be more than compensated by our ac­ concludes: be to finance the perilously dwindling Social tually improving the lives of the poor in cer­ Our lawmakers now have a chance to pay Security fund, all that proponents of equal tain countries. For if Congress continues to more than traditional lip service to the treatment can realistically hope for is a com­ pass out billions of dollars- American housewife. mitment to study the feasib111ty of recogniz­ For selling American weaponry; ing income-splitting between spouses. For paying rent for military bases; I would urge that in our efforts to in­ But while Congress considers proposals to For enabling big corporations to sell their sure the financial viability of the system, make Social Security laws fairer and more sophisticated products, at the American tax­ we do not lose sight of this goal. realistic, t.he Supreme Court has dealt a se­ payers' expense, at higher prices than they The article follows from the July 22, vere blow to the move to legally acknowledge can get in this country; 1977, Los Angeles Times: the homemaker's economic contribution. For enabling poor countries to pay back INEQUITIES FORCE WOMEN To FACE SOCIAL IN­ This setback occurred in a recent case, high-interest loans made for bad projects by SECURITY-PROGRAM SUPPOSED TO PROTECT Mathews v. de Castro. New York banks; ALL WORKERS FAILS To PROVIDE FOR MIL­ Helen de Castro, 56, the mother of a dis­ For supporting corrupt or brutal right­ LIONS OF Ex-WIVES AND WIDOWS abled child, had been married more than 20 wing dictatorships under the banner of head­ (By Riane Tennenhaus Eisler) years at the time of her divorce. Ms. de Cas­ ing of! communism; tro could not qualify for benefits on her own, All without encouraging light capital tech­ In recent years, many American women and since she was not yet 62 years old, she nology and economic development; have been abruptly ousted from the ranks of could not draw old-age benefits on the basis then our aid will have continued to be a the middle class and shoved into sudden­ of her ex-husband's earnings. However, the half-hearted program for achieving poorly and very real-poverty. Who are these un­ Social Security Act has a provision which thought-through foreign policy objectives or fortunate women? They are former wives, now separated, divorced or widowed. states that a wife is entitled to benefits be­ for carrying out a crude mercantilism, rath­ fore age 62 if she has a dependent child in er than for achieving what foreign aid was Behind their plight lies a number of fac­ tors. Divorce courts are awarding support her care and a husband who is retired or dis­ originally conceived to do-help the poor abled. So, at the time that her ex-husband of the world to a better life and calm the payments that are smaller and paid over shorter periods than was the case just a dec­ retired and applied for his benefits, Ms. de bitter struggle being waged with commu­ Castro also applied for benefits under this nism for the hearts and minds of mankind. ade ago-a shift that has been ascribed, er­ roneously, to the push for women's equality. provision. She was turned down because the Deepening the problem for women who have rule permitted payments to wives-but not spent years as housewives is the likelihood ex-wives. that those who do manage to find jobs wlll To deny her payment solely because she STATE COST CONTROL PLAN FOR earn only 60 % of what a man can make on was divorced, Ms. de Castro maintained, vio­ HOSPITALS ACT OF 1977 the labor market. lated the equal-protection clause of the Con­ Contributing to their impoverishment ls stitution. A federal court in Chicago agreed, our discriminatory Social Security system. but the Department of Health, Education HON. PAUL G. ROGERS Indeed, the poorest single segment of so­ and Welfare appealed the decision, and the OF FLORIDA ciety is made up of widowed, single and di­ Supreme Court overturned it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vorced women aged 65 or over. The underlying reason for the high court's As it stands now, Social Security, which decision, apparently, was concern for fiscal Thursday, July 28, 1977 is supposed to protect all workers, fails to economy. But is it economically sound to Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, since provide adequately for millions of women force ever-increasing numbers of middle­ who have devoted their lives to marriage and class homemakers-and their children-onto April 25, 1977, when the Honorable DAN family. the welfare rolls? Considering the exorbitant ROSTENKOWSKI, chairman of the Health For example, a widow is not eligible to re­ cost of the welfare bureaucracy, this ap­ Subcommittee of the Ways and Means ceive Social Security benefits until she ls proach hardly oroduces a net savings. Fur­ Committee, and I introduced H.R. 6575, 60 years old--even if her deceased husband thermore, the real cost-the human cost­ the Hospital Cost Containment Act of was the sole breadwinner. This law leaves w e pay for such an attitude is lowered self­ 1977, a number of different proposals to many widows without support at a time esteem and personal alienation among mil­ contain hospital costs have been intro­ when they may need it most. Furthermore, lions of citizens w't>o come to believe that numerous older women, unable to find jobs society ls indifferent to their plight. duced. On July 18, 1977. a new proposal after lifetimes as homemakers, are penalized Clearly, the i"sue involves costs less than it was introduced in the Senate by Sena­ by Social Security laws for following the only does social priorities. Each year a million tors RICHARD s. SCHWEIKER and THOMAS other course open to them: remarriage. If American families break up in divorce; one J. McINTYRE. Their proposal, S. 1878, the they take another husband before turning of every six children is raised by a divorced July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25603 or widowed mother. At long last all home­ to the NDR concerning Federal em­ conducts studies of fatalities for the De­ makers-married, widowed or divorced­ ployees who operate motor vehicles as a partment of Transportation and moni­ should be rewarded, not punished, for their years spent as wives and mothers. part of their employment. The NDR now tors and recertifies commercial drivers. By amending the Social Security Act to al­ responds to inquiries, and keeps records Mr. Speaker, my bill mandates State low for income-sharing and give the Amer­ of license denials, withdrawals, and participation in the NDR. With all States ican homemaker benefits in her own right, restorations. in full participation, the dangerous driver Congress would be taking a step in the right There has been tremendous growth in with licenses from more than one State direction. As a start, coveraige might be pro­ the use of the NDR. In 1961, there were will be deterred. States will send records vided to all married women who file joint 41,294 inquiries for driver records. In of all NDR qualifying violations and ev­ federal income-tax returns with their hus­ 1962, the number jumped to 766,868, and ery State will inquire when an applica­ bands; this would guarantee Social Security to 15 million in 1971. Today the number tion is made for a license or renewal of benefits for wives who do not work outside the home while providing fairer retirement of inquiries is close to 25 million. The a license. payments to employed women who earn far master record index has grown propor­ My bill will upgrade, modernize, and less than their husbands. tionately, from 197,912 in 1961, to expand the NDR so that it will provide Our lawmakers now have a chance to pay 5,577,544 in 197'6. the necessary safeguards to meet today's more than traditional lip service to the There are an average of 9,300 file addi­ growing demands on driver licensing of­ American homemaker. Perhaps our society tions, 94,000 inquiries, 850 identifications, ficials. errs in granting dignity and social recogni­ and 650 file corrections and rescissions A necessary precondition for manda­ tion to its members by attaching a dollar made daily. tory participation will be the upgrading value to their careers, but as long as we do so, we had better put up for mothers and The NDR has been a useful tool and of the existing NDR computer system. homemakers--or shut up and stop pretend­ more is being demanded of it every day. If all 50 State participate, the NDR's ing to venerate them. However, there are some disappointing already inadequate computer system and facts about the NDR. When the legisla­ mail delivery program will become totally tion was originally enacted, the NDR re­ inadequate. To provide a rapid response quested that participating States develop communication program, an upgraded NATIONAL DRIVER REGISTER their own computer programs which on-line computer system will have to be would eventually plug-in to a national, installed. The current response delay of on-line computer set up. By 1977, several 1 to 10 days wlil then be eliminated. HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR States had developed the requested pro­ The costs for the on-line NDR com­ OF MINNESOTA grams, but the NDR had not established puter system will be shared by the Fed­ JN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a computer system to accommodate the eral and State governments. A major Thursday, July 28, 1977 individual State computers. Conse­ share of costs will be supplied by the quently, some States, Florida for in­ States, who will be compiling the data, Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, the stance, have discontinued making in­ formulating it, and transmitting it to National Driver Register-NDR-was quiries when someone applies for a li­ the register. Hardware, software, pro­ created by Congress in 1960 to orovide a cense, because of the NDR's inadequate graming, Federal housing facilities, and central index of drivers who have had technological capability. operating costs will be borne by the their driver licenses susnended or re­ Since the program is voluntary, a num­ Federal Government. voked. The NDR was established, because ber of States do not actively participate The next step in improving the NDR highway safety administrators felt there in the NDR. California, for example, re­ will be the expansion of the types of was a pressing need for some type of ports driver records, but does not make violations kept in NDR files. The NDR central organization which would allow inquiries to the NDR when a driver ap­ will now be permitted to include drivers quick and easy access by driver license plies for a license. As a result, it is now who have had their driving privileges officials to driver records from every possible for individuals whose driver li­ canceled in the past 7 years. Also, those State in the Union. censes have been suspended in their home convicted of driving while intoxicated or The NDR was inc;tituted to encourage States to apply for and hold licenses from impaired by alcohol or a controlled sub­ States to submit their records of suspen­ several other States. Currently, less than stance will be recorded. These additions sions and withdrawals to a master com­ 50 percent of the States query the NDR will aid driver licensing officials by locat­ puter index. The reports are fed into the prior to issuing a permanent license. It is ing conviction records which did not re­ central comouter and made part of a estimated that there are approximately sult in revocation or suspension. perrmment file. Consequently, when a 10 million people driving today who have Authorized access to the NDR will also driver applies for a license, a State li­ invalid licenses, many of whom have had be expanded. All newly authorized users, censing official can send an inquiry to their licenses suspended or revoked in except Federal agencies, will be required the NDR to see if the driver has had his one State, but continue to drive, because to inquire through State driver license license suspended or revoked in another they were able to get a license in another administrators, thus maintaining a State. This system ideally precludes the State. single State-to-NDR access point. Data licensing of a potentially dangerous or Another shortcoming of the NDR is obtained from the NDR can only be used problem driver: however, the system has the limitation on the type of violation for the same purposes for which the fallen short of its goal. that can be kept on the NDR's records. States driver records are used. All in­ The NDR is a voluntary program, with Only suspensions and revocations are formation released will be in strict com­ States supplying driver license records recorded in the NDR's master file. Con­ pliance with Federal privacy laws. and making inquiries if they wish to do victions for serious moving violations, Authorized inquiries will be expanded so. Written correspondence has been the including driving while intoxicated, are to include police traffic related inquiries. principal means of communication be­ not recorded. Due to an unusually high correlation tween the NDR and an inquiring State. A major concern has been the limited between poor driving records and flying As a result, the identification process has accessibility of driver records. Currently, records, the Federal Aviation Adminis­ been painfully slow. only State driver license officials and cer­ tration will be allowed access to NDR In 1960, the NDR recorded revocations tain Federal agencies have legal access to records for inquires on aircraft pilot only for drunk driving or convictions the NDR. Under the 1966 amendments license applicants and licensed pilots. with a fatality. Several changes were all Federal agencies were allowed access Employers and prospective employ­ made in the years after 1960. In 1961, to the NDR; but only the Department ers will, through the State driver licens­ Congress amended the NDR to include of Transportation, the Marine Corps, ing agencies, have access to the NDR. records of suspensions and cancellations NASA, and the Forest Service are cur­ Authorized access to NDR records by pro­ of driver licenses. In 1966, Congress fur­ rently making use of the NDR. Because spective employers will be useful aid to ther amended the NDR allowing the of Federal Privacy Act conflicts, employ­ trucking companies, intrastate bus lines, recording of virtually every kind of driver ers of drivers cannot currently use the and businesses which employ large num­ license denial or withdrawal. The 1966 NDR. Perhaps the most important group bers of drivers. Access will allow them amendment also authorized Federal de­ not having access to the NDR is the to determine if an applicant has had a partments and agencies to send inquiries Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety which license withdrawn and help an employer EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 determine whether or not a particular and one of this country's most func!a­ We presently are in the same position applicant should be hired. mental institutions is the family. At the with nongame wildlife, as far as funding The Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety birth of our Nation, the family lent is concerned, as we were over 30 years ago will be allowed access to the NDR in sit­ strength to the individuals who made with hunted wildlife. States are searching uations pertaining to interstate carriers. America their home. Our Nation's history for new sources of funding as public de­ The BMCS monitors and recertifies com­ has shown the vital importance of con­ mand for expanded wildlife programs mercial drivers and will be greatly aided tinuing the family traditions which pro­ increases. States are trying to supple­ by having access to the type of informa­ vide the moral fiber of our Nation. ment their traditional funding sources tion contained in the NDR. The Watkins family deserves our rec­ through voluntary conservation stamp Participation by Federal agencies will ognition and praise for its fine example purchases, personalized license plates be required. All Federal licensing efforts of a family which cherishes its roots and for automobiles and general fund will be centralized and subject to all ap­ is concerned about maintaining a tradi­ appropriations. plicable Federal standards. tion of closeness. In appreciation of the The Pittman-Robertson and Dingell­ There have been dramatic changes on Watkins family, I salute this weekend's Johnson Acts served as catalysts for the our Nation's highways since the incep­ reunion and I join in the celebration of remarkable success of States in solving tion of the NDR. There have been tre­ the American family. the problems facing game species, and .mendous increases in the number of establishing modern professional man­ drivers and the number of fatalities. Yet agement programs for these species. A the NDR is still programed to meet similar program for nongame fish and NONGAME FISH AND WILDLIFE CON­ wildlife would bring home to the various the demands of the sixties. For this rea­ SERVATION ACT OF 1978 son a National Driver Register Commis­ State legislatures the need and desirabil­ sion will be created to insure that the ity of explanding State fish and wildlife NDR progresses with the demands for HON. EDWIN- B. FORSYTHE management efforts. The bill I am intro­ our Nation's growing number of drivers OF NEW JERSEY ducing today provides such a program. and also to insure that the NDR pro­ This legislation will establish a new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and separate funding source, authorizing gresses technologically. Thursday, July 28, 1977 The NDR Commission will be made up the Secretary of the Interior to distribute of 15 members, 10 of whom shall be Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, I am funds to the States to develop and imple­ driver license officials. They will provide introducing today with the chairman of ment comprehensive wildlife programs. expert advice and insights from the peo­ the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wild­ The Federal Government would fund up ple who deal daily with the problems of life Conservation and the Environment, to 90 percent of the cost of developing highway safety and driver licensing. The BOB LEGGETT, the Nongame Fish and plans for States applying within the first remaining members will be individuals Wildlife Conservation Act of 1978 to as­ 3 years of the program and up to 75 per­ whose education, training, and experi­ sist States in developing and implement­ cent to States applying thereafter. The ence specially qualify them to serve on ing comprehensive plans for nongame Secretary would also be authorized to the commission. fish and wildlife conservation. fund up to 75 percent of the cost of those The esthetic, "nonconsumptive" en­ St::tte nongame fish and wildlife pro­ Members will be in office for 3 years. grams which are consistent with plans The turnover of members will never be joyment of fish and wildlife in the out­ of-doors is one of the most important approved by the Secretary. Programs more than five in any given year, a proc­ which a State might undertake with this ess which will allow the commission a uses of these resources. There are wild­ life inhabitants in our backyards, cities, money include those concerning habitat smooth transition plus the added advan­ acquisition and management, census and tage of always having 10 experienced farms, wild areas, and every kind of water area. They lend essential character to the monitoring programs, law enforcement members. lives of all Americans. and many other activities. The commission is authorized to re­ Surveys indicate that bird watchers Federal agencies would be authorized view, recommend, and evaluate all rules, and nature photographers are about as to enter into cooperative agreements with regulations, and policy documents per­ numerous as hunters and they spend the States to carry out the activities pro­ taining to the register. Their findings will more time afield. Public demand for rec­ vided for in the legislation and would be be conveyed to the Secretary of Trans­ reational and educational wildlife ex­ required to review their programs to de­ portation by means of an annual report. periences continues to increase. This termine whether they could be reason­ universal worth of wildlife defies ably modified to include nongame wild­ measurement. life conservation. TRIBUTE TO THE WATKINS Similarly incalculable is the value of FAMILY wildlife's biological role in natural eco­ systems. Each living thing has a func­ tion. Often we see specific interactions in REV. HARVEY E. WALDEN HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. terms of human interests, such as the OF NEW JERSEY abatement of insect pests by songbirds HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or the suppression of crop-damaging ro­ OJ' ILLIMOIS Thursday, July 28, 1977 dents by predators. But more subtle proc­ esses are at work. Wildlife species help IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, an event maintain and improve soil, distribute Thursday, July 28, 1977 in my district this weekend prompts me seeds, and do the thinning and disturb­ Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, to take time to share with my colleagues ing that various species of plants require. this Sunday, July 31, 1977, Chicago's some thoughts on the virtues of the They also are indicators of environmen­ Grant Memorial African Methodist American family as one of the founda­ tal change and thus can provide a valu­ Episcopal Church will celebrate the 90th tions of our culture. able "early warning system" for environ­ birthday of Rev. Harvey E. Walden. Rev. On Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, the mental distress or damage. Walden is now in his 62d year in the Watkins family, which numbers 250 peo­ In most States license money and taxes ministry, the past 30 of which he has ple from several different States, is cele­ on firearms, fishing tackle, and other served as pastor of Grant Memorial. brating its fifth annual family reunion in hunting and fishing equipment are the Rev. Walden has compiled an ex­ Newark. New Jersey claims 75 members only sources of funds for the purchase traordinary record of achievement as of this proud family and my own district and management of wildlife habitat. As both a minister and a Chicago civic has 4-0 members. I am honored to have a result, State wildlife agencies have re­ leader. He served as committee chair­ such an affair take place in my home sponded primarily to the needs of the man for the site selection of Dunbar town because of what it means to all hunters and fishermen who financially Trade School at 30th and King Drive; of us. support the agencies. Frequently, non­ cofounded Schoop School in Morgan We all realize that America's strength game species have had only incidental Park; founded and erected the Harvey lies in the integrity of its institutions, attention. E. Walden Community Center at 4019 July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25605 South Drexel Boulevard; and helped or­ the United States is adequate in light of "how many beds do you have?" Not, "how ganize the Morgan Park Savings and evidence of growing global Soviet influence? many people live here?" It is as if the thing Loan Association. In addition, Rev. Wal­ Yes, 32.8 percent; no, 67.2 percent. that really counts is the bed rather than 6. U.S. arms sales to foreign countries, par- the person who sleeps there. From this point den has provided leadership under ticulariy those in the Middle East, have risen it is a very simple step to justify a system which Grant Church has accumulated substantially during the past few years. Con- that makes people flt into beds, buildings more than $800,000 in assets. sidering the security needs of these nations, and institutional models, instead of adapting Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this do you think: (Choose one.) the environment to suit the people who live opportunity to acknowledge Rev. Wal­ a. the present policy should be continued? there. And when people don't flt we can al- den's outstanding service to his parish­ 46 percent. ways drug them, shock them, isolate them ioners and to the people of Chicago. I b. Congress should move to substantially or restrain them to make them flt. reduce the level of foreign arms sales? 54 Isolation-I have always been fascinated wish him every happiness on his 90th percent. at the number of institutions we have placed birthday, and join with the members of 7. Do you have confidence in Congress' at the tops of mountains, and I have often Grant Church in honoring him on this ability to deal effectively with the problem wondered if this was done because the air memorable occasion. of today's society? Yes, 23.3 percent; no, 76.7 was clean and the view was nice or to spare percent. the people in the valley from having to 8. Now that we have seen how public fi- deal with the problems that lie behind the nancing works in Presidential elections, walls of the institution While Attica was POLL RESULTS RELEASED would you favor a similar plan for the fl- not located at the top or" a mountain, it was nancing of Congressional races? Yes, 43.8 located hundreds of mlles from New York percent; no, 56.2 percent. City, where most of the inmates' families HON. LARRY WINN, JR. 9. Should the food stamp program be Um- lived, in an i:..rea where it was almost impossi­ OF KANSAS ited to those families with incomes at, or ble to find Ininority group employees who below, the official poverty line? ($5,700 for could relate to the large number of mi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a family of four.) Yes, 83.7 percent; no, 16.3 nority group prisoners. The further we lo­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 percent. cate an institution from society, the longer 10. Should a federal program be established the trip back will be. Mr. WINN. Mr. Speaker, today I am to help doctors cope with the increasing costs Depersonalization-In a setting where making public the results of my spring of medical malpractice insurance? Yes, 37.6 everybody is mentally 111, everybody is re­ questionnaire. This survey was sent to percent; no, 62.4 percent. ta.rded or everybody is a convict, it is not 170,000 postal patrons in the Third Dis­ 11. Would you favor the permanent de- hard to produce people with "institutional trict of Kansas, and I was pleased by the regulation of natural gas prices in the in- personalities". Sometimes the easiest way to terstate market? Yes, 39.8 percent; no, 60.2 cope with your surroundings is to become response of the thousands who took time percent. the 75th person on a ward of 150. You may to voice their opinions. 12. What are the most important problems not be making progress, but you're not mak- There is a very significant message in facing our nation today? ing any trouble either. One of the most com- these results. I asked my constituents if Energy, infiation, excessive bureaucracy. mon problems found in people leaving in­ they have confidence in Congress ability stitutions, regardless of their nature, is a to deal effectively with the problems of belief that they have no control over their today's society. Over three-fourths of own fate. those responding answered that they did SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY In New York State our first responses to the shocks of Willowbrook and Attica were not. cosmetic. Our prisons were re-named correc­ This result was not entirely unex­ HON. EDWARD W. PATTISON tional facilities. Our State Schools for the pected, especially since several other OF NEW YORK Retarded became Developmental Centers and public opinion polls in recent months our Mental Hospitals became Psychiatric have turned up similar results. However, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Centers. I believe it underscores the urgent need Thursday, July 28, 1977 With this step out of the way the real job for further congressional action on the of changing our system began. This started Mr. PATTISON of New York. Mr. with a re-definition of who should have to substantive, rather than the political, Speaker, I wish to recommend to all issues. live in institutions. The re-defining process Members of Congress the following arti­ is still going on. In the mental health field My constituents, like most of their fel­ cle by James Flanigan, acting executive many more people are treated in their own low countrymen, are deeply troubled by director of the Rensselaer County Chap­ communities, rather than being removed and many problems. When I solicited their ter of the New York State Association forced to make a difficult re-entry into soci­ opinions on the three most important ,for Retarded Children, Inc. of Troy, ety. Psychiatric professionals have become problems in the Nation, they listed en­ N.Y. reluctant to remove from society people who ergy, ever-spiralling inflation, and the SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY are no threat to themselves or others. excessive Federal bureaucracy more fre­ During the past twenty years we Americans Large numbers of mentally retarded peo­ quently than any others. These are the have developed a tendency to use geographic ple have been returned from institutions issues to which we in Congress must ad­ locations as symbols of our social problems. successfully into local communities. Most dress ourselves. To do less would be to Selma, Montgomery and Little Rock became live in group homes or with families. Some shirk our duties of elective office. symbols of the civil rights movement. Berke­ people in the field still talk about "people ley, Columbia and San Francisco State were who must be Institutionalized." Generally, Mr. Speaker, I submit for the RECORD they are talking about people who are very the results of my spring questionnaire. symbolic of campus unrest. Woodstock be­ came famous as the place where the counter­ low in intellectual functioning or multiple I hope each Member will take a few min­ cul ture got it all together and Altamont handicapped. What these people fail to utes to study them: became famous as the place where it all realize is that an institution becomes an in­ SPRING QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS came apart. Watts, Kent State, Grant Park stitution not because of the services pro­ and The Watergate have all taken on spe­ vided there, but because of its size. The serv­ 1. Would you favor legislation which ices needed by a profoundly handicapped or would return control of the Postal Service cial meaning as a result of the events which occurred there. In 1971 two places in New multiply handicapped person can be pro­ to Congress? Yes, 52.1 percent; no, 47.9 per­ vided in smaller more humane settings. cent. York State were added to this list: Attica 2. Should the federal penalty for mari­ and Willowbrook. Gradually, many professionals have come to juana possession be reduced to a misdemean­ At first glance the similarity between At­ realize that there is no reason why a hand­ or with only a small fine and no criminal tica, a prison, and Willowbrook, a State icapped person has to live in the same record? Yes, 49.3 percent; no, 50.7 percent. School for the mentally retarded, might seem group of buildings as several thousand other 3. Would you support a proposal to set a somewhat remote. However, both in their people with simllar disab111ties. limit on: a. the number of terms Senators own way have become symbolic of the The movement away from institutions has and Representatives can serve? Yes, 66.1 per­ tremendous faith we have placed in our in­ been much slower in the corrections field. cent; no, 33.9 percent. stitutions and of the failure of those in­ Tougher drug laws and economic hard times b. The age of Senators and Representa­ stitutions to deliver. Three very similar rea­ have contributed to a growing prison popula­ tives? Yes, 62.5 percent; no, 37.5 percent. sons can be identlfled as contributing to the tion. However, progress has been made in 4. Would you favor the abolition of the failures of Attica and Willowbrook; areas such as work release programs and Electoral College, and subsequently, the di­ Size-There is a point at which people training in decision making. rect election of the President and Vice Presi­ stop being people and become numbers. One At this point you may ask yourself: "so dent? Yes, 67.2 percent; no, 32.8 percent. of the first questions I am asked by tradi­ why am I being told all of this?" Mainly be­ 5. Do you think the m111tary strength of tionalists in the mental hygiene system 1s cause the alternatives to huge, isolated, de- 25606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19·77 personalized institutions lie in your back (From the Graphic] country, thousands upon thousands of yard. HODNETTE'S DEATH Is A Loss citizens are prevented from working in Having lived through more than my share Our town was saddended by the death their professions for the sole reason that of community resistance to the opening of last week of Major General Lovie Pierce group homes, I have come to realize the mas­ their views differ from the official ones. Hodnette Jr., who had grown up in Tusca­ In this same country, hundreds of sive job of public education that must be loosa. He was a young man who had gone far done. In a similar vein, it is important to thousands of citizens live in peril of los­ in his dedicated military career. His death ing their jobs and their pursuit of hap­ examine our attitudes about hiring or work­ was a loss for the United States, Alabama and ing next to a former prisoner or mental pa­ Tuscaloosa. piness if they express their opinions. tient. Many young people, for example, are Many of 'us wiJl have to re-think our con­ George S. Shirley, president of The First National Bank of Tuscaloosa, was a contem­ prevented from pursuing higher educa­ cepts of who will live, work and play in our tion because of their views or even be­ community. We may even have to broaden porary and close friend of Pierce Hodnette. our definition .of our fellow man. It will not Mr. Shirley described him as a br1lliant stu­ cause of their parents' views. be easy. I am sure more than a few readers dent and made this comment on his long­ In this same country, the Government are touched by a fear of the vast unknown time friend: "The nation has suffered a manages all of the mass media devices. as you read this. However, our alternative is great loss in the death of a man of great No political, philosophical, scientific, or to once again, as a society, turn our backs strength, courage and character, whose love artistic work can deviate from the offi­ on the people who need us most. If we decide and dedication to the military was tre­ cial framework of political ideology or to turn our backs, we must also ask ourselves mendous." esthetics. Open discussion of intellec­ how many more symbolic places will we The major general, son of the late Col. tual and cultural matters is denied. eventually put on our map of social prob­ L. P . Hodnette, and Mrs. Grace Hodnette, who lems. lives at 1614 Alaca Place, was clearly destined In this same country, the activities of for even higher office. He went from ensign priests are limited. Citizens who practice in the Navy, fresh out of the Naval Academy, their religious faith either by word or TRIBUTE TO MAJ. GEN. L. PIERCE Annapolis, then to second lieutenant in the action face the possibility of losing their HODNETrE, JR. Air Force to major general in 26 years. jobs. He was graduated from Tuscaloosa High In this same country, all institutions School in 1944, along with friends including and organizations are subordinate to the HON. WALTER FLOWERS Mr. Shirley, Bobby Drew, Chris Kyle and political directives of the ruling party OF ALABAMA Bobby Dugins, all of Tuscaloosa, and Dr. Jimmy sewell, now residing in Mobile. apparatus. There is little to protect the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES economic and social interests of its Following graduation he attended the Uni­ people. Thursday, July 28, 1977 versity of Alabama until he received an ap­ pointment to the Naval Academy, entering in The question, then, that each of us Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. Speaker, the 1946. He was commissioned in 1950 as a Navy must ask is: How can a country which people of my hometown of Tuscaloosa, ensign, but switched to the Air Force and claims to uphold such basic human rights Ala., have been shocked and saddened took flight training as a second lieutenant, at the same time clearly violate those by the sudden death of a most distin­ going on to fly the most modern jet fighters. rights? The country in question is Czech­ guished American-Maj. Gen. L. Pierce The Air Force Academy was not in existence oslovakia, where my father and grand­ Hodnette, Jr. then. parents on my mother's side were born. At the time of his death General His was a spectacular and highly successful It is especially significant, at this time, Hodnette was serving as assistant chief career in the military, which his father be­ fore him had loved. Mr. Shirley and other to elaborate upon· the situation existing of staff for operation of the Supreme friends recalled that Pierce always had in­ in Czechoslovakia. Nine years ago this Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe, tended to pursue hi& chosen career. August 21, an outlandish invasion of with headquarters in Mons, Belgium. He had only recently been assigned to the Czechoslovakia led by the Soviet Union He had an outstanding career in the staff of Gen. Alexander Haig, NATO com­ took place. At that time, our colleagues Air Force, serving tours of duty in mander in Brussels, Belgium, following in Congress quickly and strongly pro­ France, England, Norway, South Korea, NATO duty in Oslo, Norway, where he and his tested this Soviet-led action with passage Japan, and Vietnam. During his last as­ lovely wife, Mary, and family lived for several of Senate Resolution 450 and House Res­ signment in Vietnam he flew 209 combat years. Earlier he had served two tours of olution 718. We must still commemorate missions. duty in Korea during the conflict. He was a wing commander in England for a lengthy and condemn this invasion and the re­ We extend our deepest sympathy to his period and was promoted to brigadier gen­ sulting violation of human rights as have widow, Mary, his three children, and his eral and assigned to the Pentagon. His pro­ been described. mother. The Hodnette family represents motion to major general came last year. I, along with my fellow Czechoslovaki­ the very finest in American tradition life. Pierce Hodnette's service to country, state ans, feel it is important to speak out on To acquaint my colleagues and others and hometown was outstanding. His death at this violation of these basic rights which with the life and accomplishments of age 50 cut short a brilliant career, and, in­ exist only on paper. And it is· important General Hodnette, I offer the following deed, this is the nation's loss. for us to continue to speak out against editorials from the Tuscaloosa News and the violations of human rights; to speak the Graphic, our hometown newspapers, out in defense of our brothers and sisters for inclusion in the RECORD: of our respective heritages such as in (From the Tuscaloosa News) THE INVASION OF CZECHOSLO­ VAKIA, AUGUST 21, 1968 Czechoslovakia. It is important to them, UNTIMELY DEATH SHOCK who look to the United States and its When Pierce Hodnette was elected presi­ leaders for encouragement, inspiration, dent of the student body at Tuscaloosa High and hope for their individual freedom School, his leadership ability was demon­ HON. RONALD M. MOTTL strated. But few among his classmates could OF OHIO and national independence. I ask each of imagine he would become an outstanding IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES you, in solidarity, to reconfirm with me mmtary leader at that time. our commitment to the ideals of freedom His untimely death last week was a shock Thursday, July 28, 1977 for all people. here and in other parts of the nation where Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, in the writ­ his Inilitary service record was known and ten laws of a particular Western Hemi­ appreciated. sphere country, the civil and poUtical Maj. Gen. L. P . Hodnette Jr. was the son THE COPPER TARIFF ACT OF 1977 of a distinguished career military officer. Fol­ rights of its people are clearly spelled lowing in his father's footsteps in service to out. Guaranteed to its people is the right his country was a natural course. of free expression; the right to freedom HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE General Hodnette was a graduate of the from fear; the right to an education; the OF MICHIGAN Naval Academy and later entered the Air right to religious freedom; the right of Force. He had a number of assignments of assembly; the right to participate in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES increasing responsibility before he became public affairs; and the right to a private Thursday, July 28, 1977 deputy to Gen. Alexander Haig in the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers, life, family, and home. These basic rights, Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, I am intro­ Europe. all clearly written on paper, should ducing todav a bill which I have en­ He was a credit to this community and to sound quite familiar to each of us. titled the Copper Tariff Act of 1977. I his country. Yet, my colleagues, in this same am most concerned that our desire to July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25607 help developing nations may have led us marily concerned with keeping employ­ pollcy which minimizes threats to interna­ to place in grave jeopardy an industry ment up and using copper to balance im­ tional peace and stability. which contributes $3.5 billion annually ports of oil and industrial goods. They The significant common thread in these to our national economy and directly em­ may be quite content to operate at a net decisions is the question of whether plu­ loss, especially when that loss is under­ tonium should be introduced into the nu­ ploys 79,500 Americans. clear fuel cycle. We have concluded that Last October my neighbors in the written so handsomely by the World there is no compelllng reason at this time copper country of Michigan's Upper Bank, to which we are the major con­ to introduce plutonium or to anticipate its Peninsula shared with me their concern t~ibutors. As Richard L. Knight, a group introduction in this century. Plutonium about cutthroat competition from for­ vice pres iden t at the Anaconda Com­ could do llttle to improve nuclear fuel eco­ eign copper producers who have no obli­ pany puts it, "We've gone from an indus­ nomics or assurance here or abroad. This con­ gation, as do American producers, to pay try ruled by supply and demand to an clusion rests on our analysis of uranium their miners a fair and living wage or to industry ruled by social, political, and supply, the economics of plutonium recycle in current reactors, and the prospects of safeguard the quality of their environ­ balance-of-payments considerations." breeder reactors. In the longer term, begin­ ment. They pointed out to me that the Mr. Speaker, we have the right and ning in the next century, there is at least a triggering point for the tariff on copper duty to show our concern for the em­ possib1Uty that the world can bypass sub­ is an obsolete 24 cents per pound and ployment of our copper miners and the stantial reliance on plutonium. If this is not that severe pressure from foreign com­ strength of our domestic copper indus­ the case, the time bought by delay may per­ modity sellers had forced U.S. producers try. I ask that my colleagues give this mit polltical and technical developments to cut their price of copper by 4 cents bill their careful consideration. that will reduce the nuclear proliferation per pound and had led the White Pine risks involved in the introduction of plu­ Copper Co. to shut down for 18 tonium. days to work off its copper inventory. PLUTONIUM REPROCESSING AND RECYCLE Over 1,500 miners remain on layoff ISSUES FOR DECISION: THE USE The principal immediate issue affecting nu­ status because of the continuing weak­ OF PLUTONIUM clear power is whether the United States should proceed with the reprocessing and ness of the copper market. recycle of plutonium. Until recently, it was I promised my constituents that I generally assumed that spent fuel from light­ would ask this Congress to double the HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. OF CALIFORNIA water reactors (LWRs) would be reprocessed copper tariff and to raise the triggering to recover the plutonium produced during point for its invocation to 70 cents per IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES operation and that the plutonium and any pound, which represents the United Thursday, July 28, 1977 unused uranium-235 would be recycled as States cost of production for copper. To­ fuel in LWRs. The expectation was that this day I honor that pledge. This bill amends Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. process would take place on a commercial Speaker, earlier this year 21 eminent scale as soon as the nuclear power industry schedule 6 of the Tariff Schedules of the scientists and economists conducted a had expanded to the point to justify the United States-19 U.S.C. sec. 1202-by study entitled "Nuclear Power Issues and large facilities needed for economic opera­ doubling-across the board-the customs Choices," which was sponsored by the tion. The decision whether to license this duties assessed on the copper content of activity is now before the NRC. Statements imported metals and metal products. It Ford Foundation and administered by by both candidates during the 1976 Presi­ also increases the 24 cents trigger point-­ the Mitre Corp. Among others, the study dential campaign indicated, however, that established in 1962 when the schedules members included: Prof. Kenneth Arrow, these assumptions are being challenged on a were first published-to 70 cents. Finally, Noble Prize winning Harvard economist; bipartisan basis and that a consensus is Mr. Spurgeon Keeney, Jr., present As­ emerging not to proceed at this time with this bill closes a loophole created by the reprocessing. Trade Act of 1974 by excluding the sistant Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; Dr. Harold Brown, In a major statement on nuclear policy copper content of these metals and metal former president of Caltech and now on October 28, 1976, President Ford an­ products from the generalized system of nounced that "reprocessing and recycling of preferences designed to suspend tariffs Secretary of Defense; Dr. Carl Kaysen former director of the Institute for Ad~ plutonium should not proceed unless there in favor of "developing nations," among is sound reason to conclude that the world which are our four major copper-pro­ vanced Study; Dr. Wolfgang Panofsky, community can overcome effectively the as­ ducing rivals. director of the Stanford Linear Accelera­ sociated risks of proliferation." This does Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to tor; and Mr. John Sawhill, president of not, however, constitute a decision on reproc­ consider what is now happening to our New York University. Their report essing but rather an identification of the strongly supported the continued use of issue. Although the Administrator of ERDA copper industry. Since early July of this was directed not to assume that reprocessing year, our copper companies have been light water reactors. The major policy recommendations, contained in a sum­ would proceed, he was also directed "to de­ forced to cut their prices first to 68 cents fine a reprocessing and recycle program con­ per pound and now to 65 cents per mary entitled "Issues for Decision," con­ sistent with our international objectives." pound-a full 5 cents per pound below cerned the use of plutonium. They con­ During his campaign, President Carter stated the average U.S. cost of production. Cop­ cluded that plutonium recycle in light in San Diego on September 25 that he would per companies have only one recourse: water reactors should be deferred and "seek to withhold authority for domestic they are shutting down mines. Anaconda, the breeder program should deemphasize commercial reprocessing until the need for, for example, just announced that the commercialization. In particular, they the economics, and the safety of this tech­ Victoria, Nev., underground mine will recommend that the Clinch River nology is clearly demonstrated." Breeder Reactor Project should be ter­ The risks associated with reprocessing and suspend operations indefinitely Septem­ recycle of plutonium weigh strongly against ber 1, which will not onlv throw Nevada minated since it is unnecessary and could be their introduction. The use of plutonium in miners out of work but will also hurt em­ canceled without harming the long­ the commercial fuel cycle would expose to ployment at mills and smelters in Mon­ term prospects of breeders. diversion and theft material directly usable tana. Their conclusions follow: for weapons. With widespread adoption of These. miners are unemployed, Mr. ISSUES FOR DECISION the plutonium fuel cycle, there would be Speaker m part because our tariff, inade­ The United States faces a number of early increased pressures for independent national quate and obsolete as it is, has not been decisions having an important bearing on reprocessing facilities. The proliferation of the future of nuclear power and on the such facilities would reduce the time neces­ collected. First we let it be temporarily worldwide risks in the nuclear fuel cycle. sary for a national decision to develop weap­ suspended from 1966 to 1975 letting in These decisions, which are closely interre­ ons. most non-Communist foreign copper ores lated, must be considered in the context of Despite these widely recognized problems, duty free. Then we circumvented it with the economic, energy supply, social costs, and it has been argued that the economics of re­ our generalized system of preferences international security issues discussed above. processing and recycle of plutonium in LWRs under the Trade Act of 1974. From this broader perspective we have exam­ is so compelling as to make their introduc­ . We have before us, Mr. Speaker, not a ined the pending decisions: whether to pro­ tion inevitable. Although plutonium and un­ simple matter of an industry seeking ceed with plutonium reprocessing and re­ burned enriched uranium have substantial shelter from the legitimate fires of mar­ cycle; how to conduct a breeder program value, the recovery of these materials from most appropriate to long-term energy needs; the highly radioactive wastes in spent fuel ~etpla?e competition. The copper mines how to manage and dispose of nuclear waste; has proven to be much more difficult and ex­ in Africa and South America are owned when and how to expand enrichment capac­ pensive than anticipated. As reprocessing by third world governments who are pri- ity; and how to develop a nuclear export and recycle have moved closer to commercial CXXIII--1612-Part 20 25608 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 practice, cost estimates have escalated rapid­ a decision would accelerate worldwide inter­ This conclusion applies to other countries, ly. The first t wo U.S. commercial reprocessing est in the plutonium fuel cycle and undercut 1-s well, provided that they have access to ventures failed, one . for economic and the efforts to limit nuclear weapons prolifera­ low-enriched uranium to meet their nuclear ot her for technical reasons. The Allied Chem­ tion. For this reason, we conclude that the fuel requirements. Moreover, the contribu­ ical plant at Barnwell, South Carolina, the government should not take over or sub­ tion of breeders to energy independence is only remaining U .S. commercial venture in sidize the completion and operation of the questionable for most countries since the this field, is likely to incur substantial losses Barnwell facility. complexity and scale of the breeder fuel cycle and is seeking government support. European THE BREEDER REACTOR PROGRAM would make an autonomous breeder system ventures are not yet operating on a com­ too costly for all but the largest industrial The priority and timing of the plutonium economies. Therefore, the prospect of a large mercial basis and are unwilling to contract breeder is inevitably a central budget and except on a cost-plus-fee basis. export market for breeders in this century is policy issue since the commitment to this illusory. The most recent government analysis of program currently dominates federal energy reprocessing and recycle shows at best a 1 Despite this negative assessment, we be­ research and development activities. The lieve that a breeder program with restruc­ or 2 percent reduction in the cost of electric­ plutonium breeder, .which produces more ity in the latter part of the century. These tured goals should be pursued a.s insurance plutonium than it consumes in operation, against very high energy costs in the future. estimates, however, are based on assumptions can in principle improve the utllizatlon of that appear to underestimate some elements This situation could develop 1f additional uranium by a factor of as much as 100. When uranium reserves do not become available, of plutonium fuel cycle costs. Our own an­ used in light-water reactors (LWRs), cur­ alysis of the costs indicates that any net environmental problems pl·ace limits on the rent estimated uranium reserves would pro­ utllization of coal, and other alternative economic benefit during this century is ques­ vide only one-tenth the energy of coal re­ tionable. energy sources do not become commercially serves; in breeders, these same uranium re­ viable at reasonable prices in the first decades Even if plutonium recycle proves of little serves could in principle provide ten times economic importance, some countries may of the next century. The present U .S. pro­ the energy of coal reserves. The breeder thus gram directed at the early commercialization consider the plutonium inventory in spent opens up a vast additional energy resource fuel reassuring in view of the uncertainties of th~ LMFBR, is not necessary to the devel­ and answers the criticism that nuclear power opment of the breeder as insurance. The ulti­ in future uranium supply. In the case of the will price itself out of the market a.s soon U .S. program, however, recovery of pluto­ mate success of the breeder may even be com­ as low-cost uranium is exhausted. promised by telescoping development stages nium and unburned enriched uranium from The Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor spent fuel would only reduce uranium fuel to meet an early deadline, freezing tech­ (LMFBR) has become the centerpiece in the nology prematurely. We believe therefore that requir ments by some 20 percent. The incre­ U.S. energy research and development pro­ mental value of recycle would be largely ir­ the breeder program should deemphasize gram. The LMFBR program is focused on the early commercialization and emphasize a relevant if access to reasonably priced sup­ early commercialization of a power plant to plies of fuel can be assured. Specific measures more flexible approach to basic technology. In compete with the current generation of such a program, with a longer time horizon, to accomplish this are discussed below. LWRs. ERDA has estimated that this pro­ It has been argued that early reprocessing the Clinch River project, a prototype demon­ grMn will cost a.t lea.st $12 billion to complete, stration reactor costing $2 billion, is unneces­ of LWR fuels is imµortant to build up assuming ut111ties wlll be able and willing plutonium inventories for future breeders. sary and could be canceled without harming to start buying breeders within ten years the long-term prospects of breeders. In fact, Our analysis indicates that the time when without government subsidies. breeders may be economically competitive ls premature demonstration of a clearly non­ '!'he plutonium breeder involves a full com­ competitive breeder could be detrimental to sufficiently distant that the present value of mitment to the plutonium fuel cycle and establishing plutonium inventories now for its ultimate prospects. would introduce tremendous quantities of Although long lead times are required for future breeders is very small and thus re­ plutonium into national and international covery of plutonium is not economically a project as complex as the breeder, we be­ commerce. In these circumstances, the pres­ lieve that the decision on commercialization, justified for many years. Furthermore, spent sure for indigenous plutonium reprocessing fuel can be stored retrievably, so that the now set for 1986, can safety be postponed facilities would grow rapidly and be difli­ beyond the end of the century. The cost, if plutonium could be recovered if plutonium cult to oppose. The breeder would thus breeder reactors are actually deployed in the any, of such postponement will be small, and future. greatly complicate the prolifel'ation problem there is a strong possibility that postpone­ and increase the possibility of theft or diver­ An incentive to defer reprocessing and ment will help in restraining large-scale, recycle also comes from the complexity it in­ sion of material suitable for weapons. The worldlife commerce in plutonium and buy troduces into the waste management prob­ economics of the breeder have generally been time to develop institutions to deal with this lem. Wastes are converted in these operations considered so persuasive that this serious problem. The option of bypassing the pluto­ from relatively easy to manage spent fuel to disadvantage has until recently been largely nium breeder altogether should not be pre­ a number of new forms-high level waste, dismissed in government planning. maturely foreclosed since there is at least a acidic liquid waste, cladding hulls, process Past government policy on the LMFBR has possibility that the plutonium breeder may trash contaminated by plutonium, and been predicated on a belief that nuclear never become necessary, or even economically others. As experience with reprocessed mili­ power would exhaust reserves of low-priced competitive, compared to other energy tary and civilian wastes has shown, these uranium in a few decades, making breeder sources that may become available in the operations Introduce opoortunitles for waste introduction economically attractive by the next century. management failures. While it has been com­ early 1990s. Our analysis, however, indicates monly believed, particularly abroad, that that the early economic potential of the reprocessing to remove plutonium decreases breeder has been significantly overstated. The LMBFR, a.s presently envisaged, will have the long-term hazards of waste, we have SAME OLD IDEOLOGICAL HOOCH concluded that any reduction In long-term higher capital costs than the LWR and must risk is small in comparison with the more therefore operate at a significantly lower fuel immediate risks potentially arising in re­ cycle cost to be economically competitive. HON. MICKEY EDWARDS processing and in the use of plutonium in There appears to be little prospect that these the active fuel cycle. fuel cycle costs can be reduced to a point OF OKLAHOMA On the basis of our analysis of plutonium that would give the LMFBR a significant eco­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic advantage over the LWR in this cen­ reprocessing and recycle, we have concluded Thursday, July 28, 1977 that the international and social costs far tury or the early decades of the next century. outweigh economic benefits, which are very The current assessment of uranium reserves Mr. EDWARDS of Oklahoma. Mr. small even under optimistic assumptions. probably substantially understates the sup­ Speaker, the Soviet news agency Tass We believe therefore that a clear-cut deci­ plies that will become available; uranium, at has published a recent speech by Com­ sion should be made by the U.S. government prices making light-water reactors competi­ munist Party chief, Leonid Brezhnev. to defer indefinitely commercial reprocessing tive with breeders, will be available for a con­ of plutonium. Although the auestion of siderably longer time than previously esti­ Mr. Brezhnev apparently took great plutonium reorocessing and recycle is now mated. New enrichment technologies may pains to project an image of sweet rea­ before the NRC, we believe that. in view of also extend these supplies. Moreover, coal sonableness by "resolutely condemning the imoortant international imollcations, available at roughly current costs will look the illegal repressions" of Joseph Stalin. the President should make the decision to increasingly attractive 1f the costs of nu­ Mr. Brezhnev promised they would never defer plutonium reorocessing. If a decision clear power rise. Finally, demand pro~ections be repeated. to postpone this technology indefinitely is on which breeder economic assessments have Yet, lest we forget, a certain contra­ articulated and carried out effectively, it can been made in the past were unrealistically diction exists between the melodious have a ma.1or influence on the assessment of high and have already been substantially re­ costs and benefits of reprocessing and re­ duced. These considerations lead us to the sounds made bv the Soviets to woo world cycle by other countries that are. or soon conclusion that the economic incentive to opinion, and the harsh repressio~ they w111 be, facing similar decisions. Conversely, introduce breeders will develop much more inflict on their own people. Washmgton a U.S. decision to go ahead wtth reprocessing slowly than previously assumed in govern­ Post reporter Peter Osnos reported from or actions that appeared to foreshadow such ment planning. Moscow in June that there 1s now in July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25609 Russia "an ominous atmosphere of re­ was formed by 11 Soviet citizens who or­ ECONOMICS & SCIENCE PLANNING, pression more pronounced in many ways ganized to reach out to governments and peo­ Washington, D.C., July 26, 1977. than at any time this decade." ple in Europe and North America with infor­ Hon. BUD SHUSTER, And, U.S. lawyer Edward Bennett mation on the state of human rights in the U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, U.S.S.R. Of the original 11, only five are still D.C. Williams, spurned by the Soviets in his free to continue their work. The others have DEAR MR. SHUSTER: We have reviewed the attempt to defend dissident Aleksandr been arrested. July 21, 1977 response by NHTSA (Ms. Joan Ginzburg, has called the Brezhnev ad­ Aleksandr Ginsburg, Professor Yuri Orlov Claybrook) to Representative John Moss, ministration "the most repressive in the (founder of the Helsinki Group) and Ana­ and have the following comments: history of the world." toll Schekaransky are being held in Soviet From the NHTSA letter: prisons, incommunicado and under the "Secretary Adams promulgated the passive In a recent column Sohn Lofton has threat of prosecution for espionage, illegal restraint standard because it would save carefully documented much of this latest currency dealings, subversive agitation or some 9,000 lives and tens of thousands of wave of repression and I commend it disseminaton of anti-Sovet propaganda. injuries each year ..." to my colleagues : Asked by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn to defend The estimate of 9,000 lives saved is based SAME OLD IDEOLOGICAL HOOCH Ginzburg, U.S. lawyer Edward Bennett Wil­ on three erroneous inputs: (By John Lofton) liams has been denied a visa by the Soviet 1. The estimate of air bag effectiveness (66 government. Williams calls the Brezhnev's percent) is far too high, and is not sub­ WASHINGTON.-That Leonid Brezhnev is a stantiated by field or laboratory data. real slick opera.tor, isn't he? Or at least, he administration "the most repressive in the history of the world." 2. The estimate of belt effectiveness on must think he is. which the comparison was based is too low About a week and a half ago, prior to the In a just-released report from the original Moscow Helsinki Group, itself released by the (60 percent instead of 67.9 percent). beginning of this week's 35-na.tion meeting 3. The estimate of belt usage on which the in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, to review the re­ U.S. Congreso:ional commission which moni­ tors the Helsinki agreement, the Moscow comparison was based is far too low (20 sults of the two-year-old Helsinki agreement, percent, vs the 44.2 percent experienced for the Soviet news agency Tass published a text group reports that beside its own members, waves of arrests have swept over others in 1975 models in towaway accidents.) of a recent speech ma.de by the top Soviet From the letter: Communist party boss. In his address, Mr. the U.S.S.R. who are trying to monitor these accords. "The figure that Representative Shuster Brezhnev, who began his career in the 1930s quotes from the NHTSA study of seat belt by helping Joe Sta.Un starve, kill or deport Two members of the Ukrainian Helsinki Watch have been arrested as well as several effectiveness (44 percent) is for 1974 and 1975 an estimated 10 million Ukranian peasants, ca.rs, most of which had seat belt interlock denounced Stalin's "lllegal repressions." Helsinki monitors in Georgia. In many cases the police searches that preceded or accom­ systems. The same study showed the use of Mr. Brezhnev, whose greatest transgression lap and should belts in 1973 cars was only Newsweek's former Moscow bureau chief, panie::l these arrests became occasions for planting incriminating evidence. Much le­ 6.3 percent. Thus, Representative Shuster John Dornberg, says was "placing the ghost took a very specific and limited seat belt use of Stalin in the niche left by Khrushchev's gally compiled information about the Soviet statistic and catapulted it into a general government's noncompliance with Helsinki fall," blasted his old boss, "resolutely con­ rule." demning" Uncle Joe's repressions character­ was also taken away by "investigators." The NHTSA study in fact shows, for 1973 izing them as contravening Soviet constitu­ The 80-page report details many viola­ cars, lap belt usage of 29.7 percent and lap­ tional provisions, and saying such practices tions of human right~! ethnic minorities, shoulder belt usage of 6.0 percent, for a "should never be repeated." of high-school students, of Jews barred on total of 35.7 percent-not 6.3 percent as Now, all of this is, of course, a lot of eye­ fra.udulent pretexts from rejoining their fam­ stated. Lap belt usage is important, because wash. Because the fact is that in recent ilies abroad, of dissidents forcibly committed the lap belt is a. most significant mitigant months the repression in the U.S.S.R. has to psychiat.ric care, searched by police, ar­ of death and injury. reached a point where Stalin must be smiling rested and held in solitary confinement. "The The figure of 44 percent belt usage is not in his grave. As Washington Post reporter, facts," says this report, "depict a disregard that for 1974 and 1975 models, but for the Petre Osnos, reported from Moscow earlier: for the principles of the Helsinki accords." 1975 models only. Only the limited number "The Soviet leadership's efforts to eliminate In his chapter in the book, "The God That of 1975 cars manufactured before October dissent have increased substantially in 1977, Failej," a moving story of six intellectuals 29, 1974 had seat belt-starter interlocks, and with notable success, creating an ominous at­ who embraced Communism but eventually many of those were disconnected. mosphere of repression more pronounced in rejected it, Arthur Koestler denounces the The three-point harness was adopted as many ways than at any time this decade." Soviet Communist party, saying it always has standard in 1974 and later models. Other im­ What is so striking about the current a new supply of labels on its black market in provements in belt fit and comfort can be Kremlin crackdown, says Osnos, "is the scale ideals. expected to substantially increase belt usage. of the current drive and some of its espe­ Koestler writes: "They deal in slogans as Thus it is not at all unreasonable to estimate cially sinister overtones: charges of treason bootleggers deal in faked spirits; and the that by the time air bags could be put into against certain dissidents ... suggestions of more innocent the customer, the more easily general use-1984-that belt usage will be anti-Semitism, and a palpable eagerness to he becomes a victim of the ideological hooch at least that experienced in 1975 models. (By demonstrate contempt for President Carter's sold under the trademark of peace, democ­ 1984, most of the pre-1975 models will have statements in support of human rights with racy, progress or what you will." been retired from the fleet.) a stepped-up policy of suppression, regardless Well, Leonid Brezhnev is still attempting From the NHTSA letter: of the effects on Detente." to peddle this "ideological hooch." I just "Representative Shuster also asserted that Analyzing the current situation in the hope that none of our representatives in Bel­ Agency's data show air bags to be inferior to U.S.S.R., Soviet historian Roy Medvedev, in a grade this week, and in the coming months, today's safety belts and that the Agency has paper privately making the rounds in Moscow Rre swallowing it. We'll see. misled the public about them. Even a con­ writes: "These are not routine actions of the tortionist would have to stretch to draw KGB, but were sanctioned at the highest such a conclusion. The fact is, air bags are party level." four times as effective in preventing fatali­ Andrei Sakharov, a nuclear physicist in the CONSULTING FIRM REFUTES ties as safety belts as now used by the driv­ forefront of the Soviet humar. rights move­ AIR-BAG CLAIMS BY NHTSA ing public." ment, says: Even a contortionist would have to stretch "In Moscow and in the provinces, a strong to draw such a conclusion. The NHTSA num­ new wave of repression is under way. We ber of reported fatalities with air bags is know for the most part what is happening in HON. BUD SHUSTER four, out of an NHTSA-reported number of Moscow and the area nearby. The majority of OF PENNSYLVANIA 181 towaway or bag-deployment accidents in those who are left from the Helsinki Group IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES air-bag equipped cars. Even assuming the are either arrested or under strong pressure. Thursday, July 28, 1977 number of towaways was underreported by We know that in the Ukraine, four members a factor of 3.1 (giving a. new figure of 560 of the Helsinki Group have been arrested and Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, Eco­ towaways), the air bag shows a fatality rate that, in Georgia, two have been arrested. Be­ nomics & Science Planning, a Wash­ in towaway accidents of 0.00714, almost three yond the people we know about, the cam­ ington consulting firm which has done times that of 0.002433 l'!Xperienced by wearers paign of harassment and repression is spread­ of belts (lap and lap-shoulder) in towaway ing to people about whom we know very substantial research in automobile safety at my request, has analyzed the accidents. little. From the letter: "There are many arrests in the Baltic statements by Ms. Joan Claybrook, Ad­ "Representative Shuster's differing con­ states. People who suent 25 years in labor ministrator of the Natural Highway clusions [about air bag effectiveness) derive camps are being arrested again. This news for Traffic Administration

ACQUIRED JUDGMENT torical affinity, or ties to the land. The Is­ the Western world's oil. However, it must The paper increases in circulation and rev­ raeli State is viewed as thwarting the great recognize that hasty action and overlooking enue, and readers tell me they like it. I've Pan-Arab dream. That dream is unbroken realities will not solve the problem. The real­ accomplished a few things without being as Arab control of the strategic land mass ity is that the Arabs have not in the past, angry as I once was. I still believe what I stretching from the Atlantic Ocean across and are not now pnpared to negotiate the wrote last year: the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean type of peace Israe1 prays for, and the United "There is one thing about age; it does pro­ to the Persian Gulf. The Arabs picture the States envisions. This fact has been stated vide experience which can, or ought to, 3 million Israelis as the one stumbling block openly and directly by the major Arab Lead­ temper judgment. Some people refer to that in the way of the ambiitions of 150 million ers. acquired judgment as 'wisdom' and the irony Arabs. Israel's continued existence is ex­ A rush to impose final borders and agree­ is that just as one is at an age at which tremely frustrating to the Arabs since they ments may prove fatal not just for the de­ he could have acquired that 'wisdom' he is are twenty nation states and armed with all mocracy of Israel, but to the entire region, consigned by his fellow Americans to the the weapons that unlimited oil money can its people and its resources. By indicating garbage dump of retirement." buy. Most important of all, the topic of Is­ that a modified "Rogers Plan" ls still the So, what do we ask in our Old Age? Simply rael's destruction is the only thing about basis of U.S. policy, conveys to the Arabs an that we be treated as individuals, not as which the Arabs seem to agree, thereby, impression that could be disastrous. Namely, statistics. Let those who wish to retire do so, continuing the illusion of a united Arab na­ that unless Israel agrees, the United States, but don't force us to quit if we can still do tion. No negotiation, no recognition, and no hungry for oil, can and wlll cajole, pressure, our jobs-especially if we can do them better compromise is the Arab policy. Israel, the and deliver Israel into an agreement inimical than ever. Jewish State, will eventually be eradicated to her own self-defense and best in- · If we are soft in the head, terminate our no matter how long it takes. terests. Not only will real peace negotiations employment because of that, not because we In contrast, the Israelis and the World not occur under those circumstances, but are of a certain advanced age. Jewish Community perceive the State of by doing this the United States Government If we are too arthritic or physically limited Israel as the third Jewish Commonwealth to will only signal an image of a weak America otherwise to operate machines, let that and flourish on this same piece of land. The deed open and vulnerable to the politics of oil only that be the reason for termination. to the Jewish People for this land is recorded blackmail. Society may have become so complex that in the universal books of civilized man, the In reality the State of Israel cannot be it has to be computerized; but if we neglect Five Books of Moses, the writings of the delivered!!! These 3 million Israelis have long consideration of the individual members of Prophets of Israel, and the other sacred memories. They are the survivors and de­ an increasingly large segment of society­ scriptures. These Texts are known in their scendents of Arab persecutions and riots, those over 65-we are endangering the translations in almost every human language, East European pogroms, the Nazi Holocaust, essence of America. and are considered holy by the major faiths. These Books trace the birtlh of the Jewish British duplicity during the mandate periOd, We who are about to die are still useful. and unyielding Russian vindictiveness. These We demonstrate that in great ways-like People with God's promise of the land to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Israel) and their Jews have demonstrated that in spite of the Casals and Picasso-and in small ways. We five wars, the thousands of terrorist attacks have talent, and talent is like oil; the world descendents. The history of the Jewish Peo­ ple, their involvement with the land and against them, and the July 4, 1976 Entebbe has lots of it but not so much that we can Raid that they will not roll over and play waste any of it. Jerusalem its capital, is probably the longest Why not tap the vast reserves of talent continuous historical record of any nation's dead for anyone. There is a 3,000 year con­ owned by those over 65? Keep giving us work ties to one piece of geography in all of human tinuum of Jewish History on this same piece to do-not "busy work" but useful, produc­ •history. of land, and any attempt to extirpate the tive activity. The Jewish People, regardless of religious Zionist State of Israel from the map of the We really don't want to "go gentle into observance, remember through their com­ Middle East may..,. ~ulminate in engulfing that good night." mon history and traditions, their unbreak­ more than just Israel's territory. able ties to this Land. Its past is their herit­ Only when the- Arab Leadership really un­ age, they have redeemed it from ruin and derstands these facts, and what they mean continue to defend its presence, all the while for the future, can the first seeds for a sin­ cerely negotiated peace between the protag­ PRIME MINISTER'S VISIT toiUng to upbulld its future. It is the setting upon which the Jewish People will yet make onists begip. to grow. additional great contributions to the Family HON. CLARENCE D. LONG of Man. To be allowed to flourish in peace on their land is their greatest desire. OF MARYLAND The Jewish World perceives the hostile ALCAN ISSUE AN OPPORTUNITY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES acts of the Arabs, their unwillingness to ne­ FOR THE NATION Thursday, July 28, 1977 gotiate or to recognize Israel as a permanent member of the Middle East as a sign that Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, they will do all they can to eliminate Israel. HON. PAUL SIMON a valued constituent, Dr. Barry S. Lever, The Arabs claim that peace would be at hand OF ll.LINOIS from Pikesville, Md., has written a if only Israel would return "occupied Arab IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thoughtful comment on the Middle East territory" and allow the creation of a Pal­ situation on the occasion of Prime Min­ estinian Shte. However, to Israel and her Thursday, July 28, 1977 ister Menachem Begin's visit to the friends this claim is phoney. Prior to 1967, Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, one of the United States. Dr. Lever's views merit the Arabs completely controlled the terri­ tory they now want returned, and at no decisions which the President has to the attention of my colleagues: time was a Palestinian entity, tied to Jor­ make, and which Congress and, per­ ON BEGIN'S VISIT dan, or independent of it, ever created. None haps, some other Federal agencies may Menachem Begin, the new Prime Minister was ever formed because this was never the be involved in, is how we get natural gas of Israel, has now arrived in the United real goal of the Arabs. from Alaska to the mainland. States for talks with President Carter. As For a variety of reasons, which the his visit starts, it might be well to review This historical record further indicates to Federal Power Commission and others the positions of the Arabs and the Israelis the Arabs that no Arab government, no mat­ have enunciated, the sea route seems to as well as assess the United States role as ter how moderate the U.S. Government me both impractical and undesirable. attempted mediator in the ongoing search chooses to view it, will ever be pressed to for peace. If progress toward peace is to be Of the two remainisg routes, the one negotiate with Israel. It also strengthens that faces the fewer legal hurdles and made, it is essential to understand the basic the perception of the Arabs that Israel ls only attitudes of each side and the perceptions a puppet of the United States. A puppet fewer impediments otherwise, is the Al­ they have of each other, as well as the role can route. Our family has driven the each views the United States to play. whose chief supporter and master will some­ how force concessions that its new won highway to Alaska, and it makes emi­ The basic Arab positions can be examined nent good sense to me, both from an en­ in light of the five wars that they have waged "friends" and keepers of the world's oll sup­ against Israel over the past 29 years. Further ply desire. vironmental point of view and from the insights can be obtained by studying the Israel has always perceived the United viewpoint of easy access to the gas line, ongoing propaganda campaigns that the States to be a friend committed to her sur­ for the gas line to go along the Alaskan Arab governments direct at their own citi­ vival. But, unfortunately, the present U.S. highway. zens, and toward world public opinion. Administration seems to be following these As of this point, this is the route also In summary, the State of Israel is per­ same futile historical precedents, thereby, ceived by the Arabs as illegal, an American endangering IHael's negotiating stance. Nat­ favored by the Canadian Government. puppet satellite imposed on the region. The urally, the United States has a vital interest It promises cheaper delivery, a better Arabs feel that Israel, a country about the in achieving a stable Middle East environ­ distribution to the Midwest, indirectly size of New Jersey, has no claim, right, his- ment in order to protect a major source ot providing some release to our northeast- 25612 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 em neighbors, and in general would ap­ time from your busy schedules to review my in government who a.re concerned with for­ Resolution. As you know, the domestic sugar eign trade a.nd foreign policy areas-people so pear to be the sound way to go. industry ls in a. serious condition a.nd posi­ preoccupied with a. desire to open trade with I hope we don't have excessive delay tive action is necessary if we a.re to prP.vent Cuba. that they exert great pressure against on this matter and that once the decision disaster. efforts to curta.11 imports as a. threat to their is made, we move ahead to meet the Such a. disaster would ca.use ha.voe on both successes. Any concern for our domestic in­ Nation's energy needs. the producer a.nd the consumer a.nd hence dustry apparently takes a back seat to their ha.s potentially great impact on everyone In desires for trade ties with Cuba.-a.n unfor­ the nation. Each Congressman has a. vital tunate attitude considering Castro's com­ interest in this problem which I hope will munist inspired exporting of terrorism In SUGAR: SWEET AND SOUR not be ta.ken lightly. various parts of the world. we in the United States depend on foreign I might note that I have strong evidence sources for nearly 50% of our petroleum sup­ that Cuban sugar ha.s never been completely HON. GEORGE HANSEN plies-an alarming vulnerability. No less excluded from American markets despite the official trade bans in effect. OF mAHO shocking is the fa.ct that we also depend on foreign sources for nearly 50 % of our sugar This nation's foreign policy ha.s yet to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES supply-a. basic a.nd necessary commodity in prove its friendship for the Interests of the Thursday, July 28, 1977 maintaining the American wa.y of life. American farmer who continua.Uy loses out The glaring dtiference between oll and to the importer. It could not be more fitting Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, sugar, however, is a.n aggressive sugar import­ that the Congress of the United States man­ I was leadotf witness before the Ways ing business which has created glut on the date that this be done through the passage and Means Committee Subcommittee on market depressing the price a.nd threatening of legislation such a.s House Concurrent Trade in support of my resolution to to destroy the domestic producer a.nd proc­ Resolution 231. curb sugar imports. essor. Without a. domestic sugar industry, the I believe the conditions a.re right for the nation would be totally a.t the mercy of the members of this body, whether they represent This measure will provide needed relief producers, processors, or consumers, to take for the Nation's ailing sugar industry by foreign sugar Interests which could ulti­ mately be disastrous to the consumer in a stand for America. A number of members obligating the President to impose quotas terinS of high prices and uncertain sup!Jlies. on both sides of the a.isle seem to agree a.nd as recommended by the United States The United States International Trade have joined as cosponsors or pledged support International Trade Commission. Commission ha.s reviewed this situation a.nd for ta.king the permanent a.nd proper correc­ tive action proposed in the resolution before The Trade Commission has reviewed strongly recommended to President Carter ug. the problem of surplus sugar and low specific courses of action to reduce imports prices and strongly recommended to of sugar. The President obviously acting This is also true among members of the under pressures from many sources close to other body where my resolution has now President Carter specific courses of ac­ been introduced with a. ~ignifica.nt number tion to reduce imports of sugar. The the Administration, chose to reject the rec­ of key cosponsors. Nothing less than this President, obviously acting under pres­ ommendations of the USITC, a.nd instead resolution will really solve the problem by: sures on the administration from many called for a. 2-cent per pound subsidy. This ( 1) giving necessary relief to the producer action was deemed illegal by the Comptroller a.nd processor, (2) assuring a. steady supply economic sources with interests in pre­ Genera.I of the United States and others, and serving foreign sugar markets in the a.nd reasonable prices to the consumer, a.nd the Administration then switched to a. tem­ (3) protecting the taxpayer from the unnec­ United States, chose to reject the recom­ porary open-ended subsidy guaranteeing 13.5 essary burden imposed by the costs of un­ mendations of the USITC and instead cents per pound pending a. possible Interna­ needed subsidies. impose a subsidy program which at best tional trade agreement. In the meantime Im­ The de la. Garza amendment to the Agri­ is only tokenism. This now makes neces­ ports for the first quarter of this year have culture legislation now being considered by sary the action proposed in my resolu­ increased 20 % . '!his erratic a.nd uncertain the House, is perhaps better than no solution policy makes necessary the action proposed a.t all, but it does not do what eventually tion. in my resolution. There are powerful commercial inter­ must be done to solve the problem. This ca.n Restricting sugar Imports is not a.n easy only be achieved by the action mandated In ests which threaten the American pro­ matter a.s the President obviously knows. this resolution and I heartily commend it to ducer, processor, and consumer. A good Powerful commercial interests a.re involved. this subcommittee for your support and early case in point is the high-level involve­ Large domestic consumers lobby strongly for favorable action. ment in Latin American trade talks by cheap or subsidized sugar. A good case in Thank you S.!l:a.in for your timely considera­ J. Paul Austin, chairman of Coca-Cola point is the high level involvement in La.tin tion of this important legislation. Co. of Atlanta, Ga., the Nation's largest American trade talks by J. Paul Austin, purchaser of sugar. Chairman of Coca. Cola. Company of Atlanta., COKE RIPS OFF TAXPAYER, ANGRY Georgia., the nation's largest purchaser of CONGRESSMAN SAYS A comparison of earnings found in the sugar. Under the open-ended subsidy plan, Wall Street Journal of July 20, 1977, Coke ca.n buy sugar currently for 9.95 cents WASHINGTON.-Rep. George Hansen (R­ shows a first quarter gain of 28 percent instead of the government guaranteed 13.5 Ida.ho) announced July 22 that congressional or 82 cents by the Coca-Cola Co. of cents. Thus, a. taxpayer actually subsidizes hearings a.re scheduled for next 'Week on his the Coca. Cola. Company by over 3 Y2 cents per resolution to overturn the Carter Adminis­ mid-America while the Michigan Sugar tration's "scandalous new sugar policy which Co., one of U.S. beet operations run­ pound-and that's the real thing. I might note a. recent comparison of earn­ has ta.ken Coca-Cola. out of the ice box and ning at capacity, was forced to slash its put It into the pocketbook of every taxpay­ ings as reported in The Wall Street Journal ing citizen." quarterly dividend to 10 cents a share. of July 20, 1977. The Coca. Cola. Company of There are several solutions to this mid-America. showed a. first quarter gain of Hansen introduced on May 26 a privileged problem which are being considered at 28 percent or 82 cents a. share while the House Resolution to overturn President Car­ various levels of the Government. The MichigP.n Sugar Company, one of the United ter's decision to reject a. recommendation States beet operations running a.t ca.pa.city, by the International Trade Commission final answer, however, must be one which (ITC) for reducing foreign sugar imports. will relieve and protect both our pro­ wa.a forced to slash its quarterly dividend to 10 cents a. share. The ITC recommended that sugar imports ducers and consumers. This can only be be curbed as a. solution to surplus and low­ achieved by this type of action mandated Another element of the powerful commer­ price probleinS plaguing American farmers. in my resolution. cial interests is the big Washington, D.C. Hansen's resolution has been scheduled for lobby of prestigious citizens who have ma.de Mr. Speaker, to fully outline the cir­ hearings by the House Ways and Means their fortunes working for foreign sugar Committee on July 27. cumstances, conflicts, and courses of ac­ quotas In the United States. Some of these "The President, under strong influence by tion for solving the sour economic dilem­ individuals a.re now in fa.ct serving in high lobbyists a.nd administration ofl:lcia.ls with ma of our sweetest commodity, I submit positions In government including the State vested interests in the sugar importing busi­ for the RECORD my testimony before the Department. These vested interests have ness a.nBert Lance as an Atlanta banker had strong supports and quotas, Strauss battling for business and social links with the Coca-Cola anything that works, White House economic hierarchy. advisers plotting to continue low-price sugar Nobody is charging conflict of interest. to help check inflation. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE But congressional opponents of the adminis­ The President seems willing to accept con­ OF ILLINOIS tration's sugar policy fear the Coca-Cola fusion as the price of diversity. The worri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES connection means Carter may not be getting some aspect is added by the Coca-Cola con­ the full story on sugar policy from his cab­ nection. Whether or not this is an unjustifi­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 inet--whioh would be a clear breakdown of able suspicion in hypersusplcious Washing­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in view of "cabinet government." What gives their fears ton, the confidential memo to the President last week's historic visit between Presi­ substance is a July 7 confidential memo­ can only promote those worries. randum to the President. dent Carter and Israel's newly elected The memorandum was drafted by domes­ Prime Minister Menachem Begin, I would tic policy adviser Stuart Eizenstat and his like to insert in the RECORD the follow­ deputy Lynn Daft. While lamenting an unex­ ing timely and perceptive analysis of the pected further decline in sharply falling CHINESE AMERICAN CITIZENS AL­ Middle East conflict. The article appears sugar prices, the memo nevertheless de­ LIANCE TO HOLD CONVENTION IN in the July 23, 1977, issue of Human fended the administration's two-penny do­ SAN FRANCISCO mestic subsidy. Growers view that as worth­ Events: less against cheap sugar imports and want WHY ISRAEL RESISTS CARTER'S MIDEAST PEACE import restrictions instead. The Eizenstat­ HON. JOHN L. BURTON PLAN Daft memo warned the President against OF CALIFORNIA When Israel's Prime Minister Mena.chem congressional efforts "to cripple the program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Begin meets with President Jimmy Carter or replace it With a more protectionist pro­ later this week, the likelihood of both leaders gram." Thursday, July 28, 1977 ironing out a solution to the Middle East "As a result of these congressional actions," confllct acceptable to all parties ls sum, ac­ the President was told, "we have met with Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, cording to informed sources. The reason: both [Agriculture Secretary] Bob Bergland, ftrade in honor of the Chinese American Citi­ view the problem from totally different per­ negotiator] Bob Strauss and r Assistant Sec­ zens Alliance's 34th National Biennial spectives. retary of State] Julius Katz to reassess our Convention of the grand lodge to be held From President Carter's vantage point, Is- 25614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS luly 28, 1977 rael is largely to blame for what he perceives prior to 1967 the Arabs stlll hoped to elimi­ HIGH QUALITY FUEL FROM PLANT as its rigid, uncompromising insistence on nate the state of Israel, Begin believes Arabs AND ANIMAL WASTES maintaining control of the occupied terri­ such as Ara.fat still lust to eliminate Israel, tories and its refusal to support the concept but through the new stratagem of a Pales­ of a Palestinian homeland, even 1! "tied in" tinian State. HON. DAVID L. CORNWELL In to Jordan, a moderate, Arab nation. addition to the differences of opinion OF INDIANA But Israel's new conservative head of state, Begin and Carter are likely to have over this a sort of Ronald Reagan of the Middle East, thorny area, further problems are expected IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is a skeptic about the Administration's initia­ in reaching an agreement for the return of Thursday, July 28, 1977 tives. As a staunch anti-Communist who the other occupied territories. served timt: in Siberian concentration camp While Begin has indicated a willingness to Mr. CORNWELL. Mr. Speaker, before in the early 1940s, Begin believes that Carter's return parts of the Sinai to Egypt and the becoming a Member of Congress, I was policies will lead to Soviet control of the Holy Golan Heights to Syria, he is virtually cer­ a small businessman in the wood manu­ Land. He warns that the establishment of a tain to balk at relinquishing land which he facturing industry. For years, we were Palestinian State on the West Bank of Jordan perceives would compromise Israel's right to plagued with the problem of disposal of would quickly fall prey to Russian maneu­ secure and defensible borders-as the fa­ our wood wastes. We explored many al­ vering. mous 1967 United Nations resoluiton, which Speaking on "Issues and Answers" in May, calls for the withdrawal of Israeli armed ternatives, but at the time found all to Begin noted that at a recent conference in forces from the "occupied" territories, also be economically unfeasible. In the early Moscow, Cuban dictator Fidel Castro and the provides for. 1970's, I made a trip to Europe to study Palestinian Liberation Organization's Marx­ Thus, aside from refusing to yield the West not only woodworking technology, but ist chieftain, Yasser Arafat, who would al­ Bank to Arafat, Begin opposes surrender of also how Europeans dealt with their most certainly become the ruler of a new the tiny Gaza Strip to Egypt, which, if in waste-disposal problems. I found that Palestinian State, were both received by the Arab hands, could place PLO terrorists with­ they had very little waste, having used it Soviet's Big Three at the time, Brezhnev, in striking distance of Israeli population Podgorny (subsequently ousted as president) centers. in particle board, firelog production and and Gromyko. It was no coincidence, said Be­ The settlement proposal backed by the U.S. boiler fuel. I insert into the RECORD this gin, that the two were greeted together be­ is that in return for Israel's substantial with­ most interesting article from the Au­ cause "Moscow wants to take the free world drawal to its pre-1967 borders and its agree­ gust 1 Business Week. It points out what by two moves-one in Africa with the help ment to aid in setting up a Palestinian an alternative to our perplexing energy of the Cubans and one in the Middle East homeland on the West Bank, the Arab coun­ problem might be if we are only a little with the help of those who call themselves tries would be forced to "normalize" their more aware and more concerned about Palestinians." relations with Israel. Normalization, accord­ conservation of all natural resources. Begin continued: "Now please note that ing to the Carter plan, would include Arab Moscow already rules Ethiopia, South Yemen recognition of Israel's right to exist, the in­ The article follows : and Somalia, and has bases in Libya, Syrla stitution of commercial and cultural ex­ WHY BIOCONVERSION Is BECOMING So and Iraq. Should the free world allow another changes, and the initiation of open borders. MARKETABLE base here in the heart of the Middle East? Whereas the majority of Americans might One day last month, two trailer trucks I think it would be folly." wholeheartedly support such a plan, despite pulled into Woodex Inc.'s Brownsville (Ore.) Begin says he will come to the negotiat­ Begin's opposition, President Anwar Sadat of plant and dumped 63,000 lb. of soggy Mary­ ing table with the Arabs without setting Egypt, who has been leading the moderate land hardwood bark and scraps. Woodex ex­ preconditions, but it would be a shocking Arab forces, played into Begin's hands when ecutives then showed a group of potential reversal of form if he accepts the creation he virtually chucked such a solution out the clients how the sodden raw material could be of a Palestinian State. window. "If we resurrected Jesus Christ and transformed into high-quality boiler fuel. As Begin looks at things, Arafat is a the Prophet Mohammed together," Sadat de­ Just a few days later, up the Willamette strong admirer of the Soviet Union, receives clared earlier this month, "they would not Valley in Albany, an Energy Research & arms and aid for his terrorist activities from be able to persuade Moslem or Christian Development Administration (ERDA) pilot both the Soviets and the Communist Chi­ Arabs to open the border with Israel after plant operated by Bechtel Corp. produced its nese, and has never renounced the July 1968 29 years of hatred, four wars and rivers of first six barrels of oil from three tons of Palestinian National Charter which, in Ar­ blood and massacres." waste wood chips. ticle 9, says that "Armed struggle is the only Sadat amended his statement last week, The demonstrations are both indicative of way to liberate Palestine." Palestine, of but not by much. He now says that Egypt a quickening pace in the field of biomass course, includes most of Israel. would be w1lling to establish diplomatic and conversion, or bioconversion as it is becom­ To Begin and other Israeli leaders, Arafat trade ties, but only five years after a peace ing known-the process of extracting usable disclosed his militant colors when he ap­ treaty is signed. Indeed, Sadat stressed that energy from plant and animal wastes. Once peared before the United Nations Assembly Egypt would not end its state of war with a stepchild to high-technology solar and nu­ tn November 1974. Not only did he call for Israel until the very last Israeli soldier has clear energy development, bioconverslon is PLO rule over Israel, but he specifically sup­ left occupied Arab land. gaining research support and has finally ported Communist regimes In various parts Even if the Arabs accepted Carter's nor­ found its way into the marketplace. Besides of the globe. He backed Hanoi's aggressive malization concept in its entirety, Begin still fuels, bioconversion can produce basic petro­ designs on both Cambodia and South Viet­ sees the Carter peace package as leaving Is­ chemicals, thus relieving pressure on oil and nam and put in a plug for North Korea. rael extremely vulnerable. Under the pack­ gas feedstocks. Most researchers are concen­ Following his major address, he hardly dis­ age, in Begin's view, Israel would be required trating on processes that yield a net energy abused the notion that he is a willing ope:::-a­ to relinquish virtually every military ad­ gain, and supporters say that the approach tive of the international Communist appara­ vantage it has won and give birth to a new could eventually supply more than one­ tus. Departing Kennedy Airport after leav­ danger, the Palestinian State. Whereas the quarter of an the world's energy needs. ing the U.N., Arafat, accompanied by a current borders leave Israel's aircraft out of But bioconversion is not being sustained Cuban delegate to the world body, landed the range of Egyptian missiles and its popu­ by its promise alone. ERDA funding for the in Havana where Castro gave him a warm lation safe from Egyptian artlllery, the Carter technology was only $5.1 million in fiscal and impressive welcome. borders would make both vulnerable. In ex­ 1976. President Carter has asked nearly four Notwithstanding Begin's own feelings, change, all the Arabs would have to do is times that much, $19.5 million, for fiscal many observers in this country are sym­ temporarily agree to diplomatic relations, 1978. pathetic to the creation of a Palestinian something that could be reconsidered quickly APPEALING TECHNOLOGY State, because they believe the Jews have enough. To encourage more of that kind of support, mistreated the Arabs, ruthlessly driven them What if the U.S. were to guarantee Israel's a Bio-Energy Council has just been formed. from their homes during the various Arab­ security through a treaty? The Congress Chaired by Russell W. Peterson, former Israeli wars, and created a horrible Pales­ would probably balk at such a move, while chairman of the Council on Environmental tinian refuge problem that desperately needs Israel would be extremely wary. Recent Com­ Quality, the council includes key executives to be solved. But Beirln seems particularly munist gains in Indochina and Africa, with from Atlantic Richfield, General Electric, and opposed to any state ruled by the Sovietlzed barely a reaction from the U.S. government, Weverhaeuser. Arafat. Moreover, he would probably echo plus Carter's eagerness to withdraw U.S. Bioconversion is attractive because much the line of one Israeli who has asked: troops from South Korea, have hardly bol­ of the technology is well-proven and because "If Israel's refusal to set up a West Bank stered confidence in America's resolve. Yet 1! it can work on both small- and large-scale Palestinian State were really at the crux of no substantial concessions are to come from projects. Also, bioconversion feeds upon re­ the controversy, as many Americans believe, Israel, the Arabs, both extreme and mod­ newable resources, is often nonoolluttng, and then why, prior to 1967, didn't the Arabs · erate, will react in such a way as to enhance in many cases serves the double function of lift a sin~le finirer to create a state when the prospects for a new war. waste removal and energy production. tbey had complete dominion over the en­ For President Carter, it seems, the road In essence, the process recaptures from tire area? While others might reply that to a Middle East peace will not be smooth. organic matter the chemically trapped solar July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25615 energy that a.ll living things store within stripped of metal, and the resulting mulch is time soon," remarks Nello Del Gol>bo, an them. Most plants, for instance, use sunlight fed to a. furnace, where pure oxygen ls added. ERDA program manager. to synthesize the chemicals they require for The methanol gas produced has only a. third Meanwhile, SRI International (formerly growth. When plant tissue is then subjected of the heating value of natural gas, but re­ Stanford Research Institute) will soon pub­ to a. bioconverting heat or pressure process, finements may make it suitable for use a.s a lish an eight-volume survey of bloconverslon these chemicals are broken down into useful chemical-feedstock alternative to ethylene. processes and their present and potential use forms of fuel such as alchohol or other hy­ Deere & Co. uses a pyrolytic plant a.t its in 3,000 American communities. The report drocarbons. The a.pplica.tions can range from Horicon (Wis.) factory, where manufactur­ ls Ukely to be bullish on the technology's something as simple as burning wood to pro­ ing wastes are turned to gas tha.t then feeds prospects, with the usual caveats. "It will duce heat and light to the experimental use the company's paint-drying ovens. And this never save the country,'' says John A. Alich of halobacteria-an exotic marine organism­ month a $14.2 million pyrolysis plant in San Jr., director of sRI's energy planning depart­ to convert sunlight into heat energy in solar Diego, Calif.-funded in part by ERDA a.nd ment. "But it will provide a few percent of cells. operated by Occidental Petroleum Corp.-will our energy needs by the year 2000." As en­ "Bioconversion is well within our nation's start producing. 200 bbl. of fuel a day, plus ergy experts know, even a few percentage capacity to develop, both technologically a.nd some metals, from about 200 tons of waste, points stand to make bloconverslon a bllllon­ financially," says Senator Pete V. Domenici San Diego Gas, & Electric Co. wlll buy the dollar industry. (R-N.M.), a booster in Congress. Most fuel. scientists would agree. "Biomass conversion ENERGY FROM MANURE to natural gas-a dark horse in the energy Another conversion process, anaerobic di­ ra.ce--could utilize a.ll agricultural wastes," gestion, makes use of the fact tha.t various GAO RECOMMENDS PRIVATE IN­ claims chemical engineer James L. Gaddy of bacteria in an oxygen-free environment turn VOLVEMENT IN LASER FUSION the University of Missouri. cellulose into gas. This summer ERDA will PROGRAM The lumber a.nd wood-products industry let a multimillion-dollar contract to a.dva.nce is a natural center for bioconversion activity. the a.rt. Whoever wins will be expected to Weyerhaeuser Co. alone leaves 5 million tons process 40 tons of cattle manure a da.y and HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE of wood wastes in the forest each year and is to lay the foundation for commercia.1-sca.le OP TmxAS eager to exploit that resource. "We are look­ digesters within five years. ing for forest residuals as an energy source," The technology of digestion is simple and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES says Robert L. Jamison, energy management time-tested. Manure is placed in a ta.nk or Thursday, July 28, 1977 director. trench with the appropriate bacteria, the a.tr Woodex and its parent company, Bio-Solar is removed, and the manure is then heated Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, shortly Research & Development Corp. in Eugene, up to 167F. The bugs w111 go to work, and after ERDA was formed, GAO released Ore., are seemingly well-positioned to ex­ the result is methane gas. In an advanced a report on fusion and laser isotope sepa­ ploit the wood-waste market. Nearby saw­ adaptation of anaerobic digestion, research­ ration as two new technologies with im­ mills could act as a prime source of raw ers at the University of Pennsylvania are us­ portant consequences for our Nation's material for the process, selling their scrap ing mutuant bacteria to transform cellulose to Woodex in Brownsville, then buying it into glucose, which can then be fermented energy future. One of the observations back as boiler fuel. into butanol, acetone, and carbon dioxide. of the report, "Efforts To Develop Two Conversion is accomplished by reducing Dyna.tech R/ D Co., a Cambridge (Mass.) Nuclear Concepts That Could Greatly the wood's moisture content by as much as engineering and consulting company, says Improve This Country's Future Energy 75 % and then pulverizing the desiccated re­ its research confirms that anaerobic diges­ Situation," was that the present program mainder into powder. Next, at pressure of tion also works for city wastes. Says Vice­ at ERDA was being pursued mostly at more than 100,000 psi, the powder is com­ President Ralph L. Wentworth: "We have the weapons laboratories, while a lot of pressed into dogfood-sized pellets. "We are demonstrated that you could establish a laser expertise was in private industry. making an instant coal rather than com­ bacteria colony, feed if continuously on solid pressed wood, and this is the art," says Bio­ ground-up waste, and have it thrive." They recommended that private involve­ Solar President Rudolf W. Gunnerman, who Silviculture. Still another candidate for ment in the program was crucial for the also holds the patent for the process. Gun­ anaerobic digestion ls kelp, a large, fast­ private production of energy. The fol­ nerman explains that the pellets are physi­ growing seaweed, which, when dried, can lowing excerpt from the report details cally altered so that carbon-not just crude yield 6 cu. ft. of pipeline-quality methane GAO's observations and recomendations fiber-ls available for burning. And since per pound of kelp. To see if kelp farms an­ for the laser fusion program: the pellets burn clean, Woodex was able to chored off the coast of California would make save one customer, a mental hospital, $200,- EARLY PRIVATE INVOLVEMENT IN NATIONAL feasible energy plantations, ERDA and the LASER FuSION PROGRAM Is DESmABLE 000 on pollution-control equipment when it American Gas Assn. are spending $5 million stopped using coal for its boilers. Seven com­ on a project being run by General Electric In fiscal year 1975, ERDA expects to spend panies are now licensed to use the process. Co.'s Re-Entry & Environmental Systems about $3 million of its $53.9 million budget AIDING THE CITIES Products Div. Next spring project officials will for laser fusion development at about 40 uni­ try to grow a quarter-acre plot of kelp on versities and private firms. Nearly all of this The ERDA project at Albany will test the estimated $3 million wlll be ,used for support oil-production capab111ties of a wide range platforms set 60 ft. below the surface of the water otf Santa Catalina Island. Pumps w111 work in the laser fusion programs at the of waste organic material, not just wood three ERDA weapons laboratories. chips. According to Elmore Holerman Jr., bring nutrients up from the ocean floor 1,300 ft. below. DMA officials told us that private industry resident manager for Bechtel's waste-to-on should participate in developing laser fusion plant, the process begins with the drying a.nd The project, which will employ several sub­ technology. They said, however, that the pulverization of the chips. The powder is contractors-plus the expertise of Wheeler J. limited funds for ERDA'S laser and electron then mixed with oil to create a gummy mass, North, a California Institute of Technology beam fusion efforts and the limited DMA heated to 750F, and pumped into a pressur­ kelp authority-would involve harvesting the stafl' directing the efforts have precluded di­ ized catalytic reactor, where it combines with plants every six months. The 4-ft. lengths of rect funding of large laser fusion programs carbon monoxide to form oil that has a.bout seaweed would then be transferred ashore, at universities and private laboratories. half the heating value of good crude. "The where they would be ground to the consist­ Officials of the three private laser fusion best use of this process would be to take ency of pickle relish and fed to an anaerobic laboratories expressed concern that the ERDA pure waste tha.t is now being dumped or digester. laser fusion program was being conducted in burned," sa.ys Holerma.n. "We may even get Dry-land cultivation of bioconverslon crops weapons laboratories which undertook weap­ paid to get rid of garbage or rye grass." has possib111ties as well. Last year Mitre Corp. ons projects that were based on national Bioconversion of municipal wastes also has conducted an ERDA-financed study of silvicul­ needs, like defense, rather than on the need received continuing attention. One approach ture, or forest-energy plantations. Among for an economical product. They believed that is pyrolysis, or heat decomposition, which has the conclusions: Wood ls already competitive the ERDA laser fusion program needed peo­ been applied around the country with vary­ with coal as a fuel in many areas, the nro­ ple with expertise in developing programs ing degrees of success. Monsanato Co., for in­ duction of ammonia from wood is almost which judge a project's feasibility primarily stance, failed to meet a contract requirement commercially feasible, and, within a decade, on economic grounds. In their opinion, this with Baltimore and wound up paying $4 mil­ methanol production will become cost-com­ meant involving private industry. lion in penalties earlier this year. petitive. ERDA officials disagreed and pointed out Yet Union Carbide Corp., which was re­ Despite such advances, bioconverslon's fu­ that the weapon laboratories were success­ buffed by New York's Westchester County, is ture rests with its luck in Congress and the fully engaged in research and development pushing ahead with its Purox pyrolysis sys­ presumed rising cost of more conventional for a variety of civilian energy and other tem in West Viro;inia. So fa.r, the company energy systems. It must also overcome prob­ applications, e.g., Departments of Transporta­ has spent $15 million perfecting the process lems of transportation, and as yet, ltr: po­ tion and Agriculture, in which economic con­ at a pilot plant in South Charleston, with a tential cost-effectiveness ls by no means siderations are Important. However, ERDA capacity for handling 200 tons of soli_d waste clear. "We look at biomass conversion as an agreed that private involvement was neces­ a day. There, shredded trash is magnetically energy source for the future, not for any sary. 25616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19·77 rently operating fission reactors. Commercial KMSP, Batelle, and University of Rochester demonstrating both the validity of the con­ cept and the ability of the KMSF staff. The fusion power will largely depend on whether omcials believe that, although some ERDA :its economic advantages can be demon­ laboratories are expert in developing eco­ magnitude of the achievement is consistent with the laser system and target designs be­ strated to the priva. te sector. nomically justified projects, Los Alamos and ERDA has directly funded several private Livermore weapons designers are not. Many ing used at KMSF and ls consistent with the expectations of qualified observers of the magnetic confinement programs aimed at of the Livermore and Los Alamos personnel developing commercial fusion reactors. It working on laser fusion are or were weapons KMSF program even though it falls short of laser-fusion breakeven by nine orders of plans to spend about 18 percent of its fiscal designers. These industry om.eta.ls also said year 1975 magnetic confinement budget at that industry was prevented from becoming magnitude. For the overall laser-fusion ef­ fort in this country, the goals remain the places other than the four major ERDA heavily irivolved in laser fusion because much laboratories. About 6 percent of EPDA's of the critical information was classified. demonstration of significant thermonuclear burn, scientific breakeven, and net energy fiscal year 1975 laser fusion budget will be ERDA oflicials stated they were aware of the spent at private organizations. Nearly all of classification problem and were attempting gain. In order to reach these more signifi­ cant goals, major advances in optics, laser these funds are for work that will support to alleviate this problem by declassifying the three ERDA weapons laboratories' pro­ some information and making it available to design diagnostics, and perhaps even pellet the private organizations. ERDA, however, design will be needed. The compression ex­ grams. cannot declassify direct weapons expertise periments of KMSF provide encouragement ERDA recognizes the need for increased for the ultimate success of laser-fusion." industrial participation in its laser fusion and information relevant to laser fusion be­ program. As previously pointed out, it re­ cause of weapons proliferation and national KMSF has made two proposals to AEC for financial support of its laser fusion program. cently established a panel to review and security considerations. AEC turned down the first proposa.1--da.ted recommend the appropriate level of Federal In August 1974 AEC declassified a consid­ support it should directly give to industry erable portion of the weapons-related in­ June 6, 1974--because: formation from its laser fusion program. In "• • • judged in the context of all AEC­ for laser fusion development. addition, during September 1974 AEC in­ supported laser fusion work, the KMSF pro­ Early involvement of the private sector in vited representatives from this country's in­ posal does not appear to us to add a sum­ developing and demonstrating the economic dustrial and academic laser fusion com­ cient increment of technical benefit to justi­ feasiblllty of laser fusion could help this munity to a meeting at Sandia at which AEC fy the $7 mlllion requested." Nation reach its laser fusion goals more laboratory oflicials briefed them on the status In August 1974 KMSF offered three alter­ quickly. of AEC's program. This briefing included re­ native proposals for varied time frames and cently declassified information on laser amounts ranging from 4 months and $1.5 mill1on to 1 year and $3.5 million. KMSF of­ fusion. OLDER AMERICANS LONG-TERM ERDA'S laser fusion plan calls for develop­ ficials said they had little hope that AEC CARE ACT ing larger and larger lasers. This is because would provide funding for KMSF's laser ERDA believes that a laser fusion powerplant fusion program. will require extremely powerful lasers. Be­ On February 5, 1975, ERDA awarded a cause ERDA expects such large lasers to cost $350,000 contract to KMSF, for KMSF to use HON. DONALD M. FRASER its facilities to run a series of selected laser from about $4 million to $35 million ea.ch and OF MINNESOTA to take several years to design and fabricate, target interaction experiments. ERDA is devoting more than half of its laser In addition to KMSF's proposal, ERDA has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fusion to laser development. also received proposals from Battelle, the Thursday, July 28, 1977 All three private organizations developing University of Rochester, and others. ERDA laser fusion believe that significant thermo­ planned to award contracts totaling about Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, nuclear burn can be demonstrated by much $2 million to one or more of these organiza­ I introduced the Older Americans Long­ less powerful lasers than those the ERDA tions in fiscal year 1975. However, as part of Term Care Act to expand and improve laboratories consider necessary. Oflicials of the Federal effort to curb inflation, ERDA de­ alternatives to nursing home care. Our KMSF told us that, since lasers one-tenth ferred spending this $2 million until fiscal year 1976. plan would create a network of home to one-third a.s powerful were sumcient for services to help older people stay out of commercial laser reactor systems, they be­ A Senate member of the Joint Committee lieved that ERDA's program could move faster on Atomic Energy recently stated, regarding nursing homes and in their own homes and cost less with less powerful lasers. Al­ ERDA's laser fusion program, that: as long as possible. though Ba.ttelle and the University of Roch­ "There has been scant encouragement to The program is designed to spare older ester are not predicting the size of the industry to pursue laser fusion research and Americans the indignity of welfare, while lasers needed for a laser reactor system, the development. Any Government program that rapidly builds up expenditures towards a requiring all recipients to make a fair managers of their programs believe that contribution toward the costs of services. lasers approximately one-tenth as large a.s quarter-billion-dollar figure should have those ERDA is projecting for significant room for complementary or parallel pro- . The act creates a new delivery system thermonuclear burn can achieve the same grams in private industry." for long-term care by establishing com­ milestone. ERDA's decisions on funding the private munity long-term care centers through ERDA laboratory officials say their belief organizations are partially dependent upon which the services needed by each older that large lasers are necessary is supported recommendations solicited from a special panel which was set up on September 15, person in the community would be moni­ by their experience in the nuclear weapons tored and coordinated. development field and their large computer 1974. This panel is to review and report to calculation capability which permits them, ERDA the potential payoffs and the tech­ The existing service delivery system among other things, to simulate fusion ex­ nical status of laser fusion efforts in Gov­ labels older people as either "healthy" periments. However, there is not enough ex­ ernment and non-Government areas. In ad­ and not in need for services or "sick" and perimental data. for either the ERDA labora­ dition, the panel is to recommend: needing hospital or nursing home care. tories or the private laboratories to prove Appropriate roles for the Government and the private sector in a national laser fusion I believe we must begin to view the ag­ which approach is correct. ing process as a continuum which re­ KMSF thinks that its accomplishments program. support its belief. The most significant of Appropriate interaction between the quires different supports at different these accomplishments was in May 1g74 public and the private sectors. stages of the process. Only through a when, according to KMSF, it produced a con­ Research and development strategy and comprehensive, well-coordinated system siderable number of fusion-created neutrons appropriate support, if any, by ERDA and of services can we meet the needs of by compressing pellets of special fuel with private firms. older people during their aging. As of January 31, 1975, the panel's final a laser. Neither the ERDA laboratories nor SERv'ICES the other two private organizations claim report was completed and was being ad­ to have reached this point. ERDA does not ministratively reviewed. ERDA expects to The Older Americans Long-Term Care see the production of these neutrons as bear­ release the report soon. Act requires community centers to pro­ ing greatly on the ultimate goal of economi­ CONCLUSION vide a number of services to older people cal laser fusion. Although creating these neu­ Improving the U.S. energy situation is a in their homes in addition to traditional trons is a notable achievement. ERDA says, national goal. Fusion power, if successfully home health services. Further, the cen­ it should not be misconstrued as resolving developed, would play an important role in ters will arrange for nursing home care the technical uncertainties of laser fusion. helping to alleviate our energy problems. AEC representatives and consultants from In keeping with national policy, it has when individuals require care beyond the laser fusion programs a.t the AEC labora­ been the role of the Government to ( 1) take the capability of home services. tories visited the KMSF laboratories on May the lead in developing complex, potentially Specifically, the act requires home­ 23, 1974, to review KMSF's research program viable, and expensive technologies beyond maker services for simple chores, house­ and to analyze the data supporting its claim. the reach of private industry and (2) en­ hold management tasks, and essential In its report on this visit, AEC concluded courage the private sector to assume an in­ that- creasing share of the development costs for transportation and shopping. Nutrition " The achievement of laser-initiated com­ such technologies. This policy was used in services would provide congregate and pression is an impressive accomplishment connection with commercializing the cur- home-delivered meals in addition to an July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25617 evaluation of the nutritional needs of those individuals in the program, and the basis of medical need, 18 percent of each recipient. Day care and foster home determining the appropriate services for the people in nursing homes could be services would provide care and com­ each recipient. cared for outside of the institution in panionship that is seldom available to Community centers would provide community-based programs. Under our older people who live alone. Community home services directly through their own proposal, older Americans will never be mental health center outpatient services, facilities and staff or would have the op­ forced to take refuge in a nursing home along with professional and legal coun­ tion of contracting with other agencies when other forms of long-term care are seling, would offer the help older people for provision of various services. How­ more appropriate. often need in coping with the psvcho­ ever, the community center would be re­ I urge my colleagues to give this pro­ logical, social, occupational, and finan­ sponsible for seeing that each person en­ posal careful consideration. cial problems that aging often brings. rolled was receiving a comprehensive and A State long-term care agency would coordinated set of services. Our aim is to develop a sliding-scale fee schedule for eliminate fragmentation of services and these services to approximately relate instead, to form a sensible, overall pro­ NEWSPAPER GUILD SUPPORTS charges to the income and family size of gram for each individual. The act does COMPETITION REVIEW the recipient. provide that if a community center con­ When home care is no longer feasible, tracts with an agency that offers all of HON. MORRIS K. UDALL our bill would help defray the cost of the home services required under the long-term nursing home care for the in­ program, they could hold that agency OF ARIZONA dividual through the use of a fee sched­ responsible for a recipient's overall pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ule again based on ability to pay. Resi­ gram. We include this to insure that ex­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 dents with no dependents would pay 75 isting home service agencies are incorpo­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, at their re­ percent of all annual income-not as­ rated into the new system without dis­ cent national convention held in Hono­ sets-in excess of $3,000 during the pe­ rupting the established expectations and lulu, the Newspaper Guild adopted a res­ riod of their institutionalization. Resi­ services delivered to current recipients. olution endorsing my bill, H.R. 6098, dents with spouses or dependents would Supervision and accountability would which would establish a commission to pay 25 percent of combined annual in­ be provided by a community center review a number of key American indus­ come in excess of $6,000. No resident board, a majority of whose members tries, including newspapers, as to the de­ would be required to pay more than the would be over 65. These boards would be gree of competition within that industry. cost of his or her own care. charged with continuing evaluation of I was moved to include newspaper These rates would require residents to the quality and adequacy of services. publishing in this bill, because of the make a substantial contribution toward NEED alarming trend toward concentration of the cost of nursing home care, while al­ Medicaid now fails to fulfill the press­ newspaper ownership in the Nation. lowing them to retain a modest income. ing need for long-term care outside the Mr. Speaker, I would at this time like Older Americans would no longer be nursing home. Although home health to insert the Newspaper Guild's resolu­ compelled to thoroughly deplete all their care became a required medicaid service resources to qualify for help in paying tion in the RECORD : in 1970, the program's home health ex­ AN INDUSTRY IN CHAINS for their care. Similarly, they would no penditures in 1975 were only $70 million. longer be forced to live in poverty to ob­ The once-independent newspaper is going Furthermore, only eight States now use the way of the corner grocery store. tain nursing home care for their spouses. the medicaid provision for limited home­ Sixty percent of U.S. newspapers today The Federal Government would cover maker services. are owned by chains, twice the percentage the difference between the cost to the Similarly, long-term care is far beyond that were under chain control in 1960. A nursing home and the amount the indi­ the scope of the medicare program. total of 168 chains control 71 percent of U.S. vidual would be required to pay. However, Medicare benefits are considered ad­ daily newspaper circulation. The 25 biggest funding for nursing home care would not juncts to the acute care hospital system chains alone control more than 50 percent. A be available until after the home serv­ similar situation prevails in Canada among and are not designed for long-term care. five Canadian chains--Thomson, FP Pub­ ices provisions of the bill would take ef­ Under medicare, skilled nursing care in fect to insure that incentives are on the lications, Southam, and Irving in the English the home is available only if preceded by language area, and predominantly in the side of the home care. at least 3 days of hospitalization. Medi­ French language area, Power Corporation­ VOLUNTARY STATE PARTICIPATION care supplementary medical .insurance Desmarais group. State participation would be volun­ provides for only 100 home health visits With fewer and fewer large independent tary. States would be eligible for a Fed­ per year. According to a report of the papers left to gobble up, chains are now eral grant to cover 75 percent of the pro­ House Select Committee on Aging, 54, swallowing chains. In the past year alone, Booth, Speidel and four other chains disap­ gram cost, upon submission of a State percent of the Nation's counties do not peared into larger corporate maws. plan to the Department of Health, Edu­ even have one medicare-certified home At the same time, the trend toward monop­ cation, and Welfare. Each State would heal th agency. oly on the local level continues unabated. contribute the remaining 25 percent of Clearly, the long-term care needs of Today, 97.5 percent of the 1,500 U .S. cities the cost. older people are not exclusively health­ with daily newspapers have no newspaper ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE related. We cannot pretend to meet then competition. These two trends have combined to Under our plan, States would have through health programs serving the threaten as never before the diversity of news maximum flexibility in structuring their older population. Our plan would pre­ and opinion--a. diversity the Guild has tra­ programs to meet the specific needs of empt the limited home services currently ditionally striven to preserve as an essential their own populations. The program in provided by both the medicare and ingredient of a truly free and representative each State would be administered by a medicaid programs in addition to title press. State long-term care agency, established XX and the Older Americans Act. In an effort to explore that threat and per­ or designated by the Governor. This haps to stem it, in the U.S., Rep. Morris By creating a new funding source and Udall (D-Ariz.) has included newspapers agency would in tum establish or desig­ a variety of oi:tions for long-term care, among U.S. industries whose structure and nate the community long-term care cen­ some health-related and some not we operations would be studied by a proposed ters throughout the State. State agencies enable every older American to enjoy Competition Review Commission. The Com­ would be responsible for reimbursing the a much greater degree of freedom and mission would be created by H .R. 6098 to de­ community centers, making grants to en­ independence. An April 1977 report from termine the extent and nature of competi­ courage the creation and improvement the Office of the Assistant Secretary for tion in the industries under study, evaluate of services, and monitoring and evaluat­ Planning and Evaluation in the Depart­ the degree of concentration and ascertain ing the effectiveness of the overall State ment of Health, Education, and Welfare the effect of that concentration on employ­ program. ment, price levels, profit levels, efficiency, in­ concluded that "people still end up in novation, the quality of goods and services The community long-term care centers institutions, because they need assistance and the economy as a whole. would be required to inform every per­ with activities of daily living or a place The Commission would recommend po.s­ son over age 65 in their designated area to live." A recent study conducted in my sible policy changes to promote and protect of the availability of services, enrolling home State of Minnesota shows that on competition. Udall has suggested that the 25618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19'77 Commission might, for example, propose a for engineering that makes the automobile Society of Automotive Engineers, have an change in estate-taxation laws, one of the more tolerant in crashes, for an automobile important role to fulfill since its members major contributors to the vulnerability of in­ more readily controllable to avoid crashes, are so often employees of the auto industry. dependent newspapers to chain acquisition. for a more cost-etficlent automobile to reduce To be sure, scientists and engineers and Similar activity ls required in Canada, and energy waste, pollution and other unneces­ technicians can show greater initiative in­ the Guild urges the launching of a campaign sary operating and maintenance costs. In side their companies to prod management to­ to that end. essence.these laws called for preventive en­ ward renovation and innovation. Given the The Convention applauds the inclusion of gineering which, in many of its most im­ difference between their private grumbles newspapers in the proposed study and urges portant consequences, is like preventive and their public statement about the pace of Congress to adopt the Udall blll. Without medicine. needed change, these technologists could some form of governmental remedy, the It is Important for you to view these benefit from a more open environment in trend toward newspaper concentration ap­ laws from a consumer perspective, for they their workplace. The SAE can be one of their pears inexorable. are designed to serve you and your families Instruments to generate serious critiques and as well as other Americans. Who can deny proposals about vehicles in public forums the legitimate interest of Government, as well as sober assessments about decision­ through duly considered and enacted laws ma.king in auto company hierarchies. The THE SNAIL'S PACE OF INNOVATION and regulations, in reducing automotive cas­ growing recognition by General Motors and ualitles, waste and fraud that have been so others that more worker involvement at the repeatedly documented? Who can deny, par­ plant level can be beneficial for company HON. RALPH H. METCALFE ticularly In the light of the disclosures dur­ performance should be expanded to include OF ILLINOIS ing the last fifteen years, that the auto In­ the engineers and scientists who can be the dustry has a realistic capab111ty, if not the first to propose vehicle improvements or to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will, to do so much better than it has done spot vehicle hazards. Thursday, July 28, 1977 for the consumers of the country? Humane initiatives Inside the auto indus­ As Administrator of the National Highway try are more likely to proliferate if con­ Mr. METCALFE. Mr. Speaker, recent­ Trame Safety Administration, I have sworn sumer constit\lencies become more inforn1ed ly the Honorable Joan Claybrook, Ad­ to uphold the laws which the Department of about what they are receiving when they ministrator of the National Highway Transportation enforces in the area of auto buy an automobile and what they could re­ Traffic Safety Administration, addressed safety and economy. Secretary Brock Ada.ms ceive if engineering talents were more ap­ the Automotive News World Congress. stated his belief with serious clarity last plied to consumer needs. Witness the debate I am inserting a copy of Ms. Claybrook's month when he said: "The need for improved on passive restraint systelllS. The insurance vehicle safety is obvious. Each day there are industry is nearly unanimous in its advocacy RECORD statement in the for the perusal an average of 130 deaths from motor vehicle Of these life and dollar saving innovations; of my colleagues: accidents in the U .S .... We are determined the United Auto Workers President, Douglas THE SNAIL'S PACE OF INNOVATION that the car of the future shall be a 'socially Fraser, has endorsed passive restraints, and (By Joan Claybrook} responsible' vehicle which combines the best many conc;umer and health groups have Good morning. It 1s a pleasure to accept our technology can offer in both safety and urged their adoption. Emergent auto safety the invitation of the Automotive News World economy." technology has become too compelling to Congress to attend and address this confer­ The laws which are to achieve this objec­ consign it to the shelf as was attempted dur­ ence which brings together manufacturers, tive have both mandatory and stimulatory ing most of the Nixon-Ford Administration. dealers, suppliers, designers, safety engineers provisions. The framers of these laws knew The eight-year holiday, or shall we call it a and policymakers. Together you are the nu­ that a. variety of approaches would be needed de facto moratorium on safety standards, ls cleus of skills and authority whose day-to­ to stem the tide of about 50,000 fatalities, 4 over. President Carter and Secretary Adams day decisions affect every man, woman and million injuries and tens of billions of dol­ have repeatedly emphasized their determi­ child in America. lars in damage and waste every year. The nation to enforce the health and safety laws It is not surprising that an industry which most visible approach is, of course, the man­ and auto safety statutes will certainly be no is involved in the almost dally production of datory safety or fuel etficiency standard to exception. vehicles ls prone to tout the benefits of its be met by a. certain date. Less well known Long delayed and long overdue public de­ products and tone down, if not ignore, their are the stimulatory provisions which are de­ mands for more energy etficient, pollution­ hazards. As the auto industry's merchandis­ signed to accelerate a higher quality of com­ free and safer vehicles a.re setting the stage ing evolved, the message to the consumer petition, a. more informed consumer public for a comprehensive remodeling of the au­ also evolved-from the now-quaint slogan in and more research and development for the tomobile. It is a. stage ripe for corporate the Twenties that "It'll get you there and benefit of consumers. statesmanship, not for tight-Upped corpo­ bring you back" to the emphasis on style, There are numerous forces to be encour­ rate intransigence muttering tired antl­ power and comfort that were emblazoned aged for the "socially responsible" vehicle government slogans. There is a job to be done through advertisements and promotional ma­ beyond the law's mandate, important and for the American people. Whethe:- it is auto terial in the post-World War II period. basic as that must continue to be. And many safety or energy etficiency or air pollution, an But there was another level of awareness segments of the auto industry can contribute ounce of prevention at the plant is worth a. within the automobile industry, In some uni­ to these forces beyond top management as pound on the highway. The auto industry ls versity research circles, and later among a important and basic as it must continue to the custodian of that power of prevention growing number of consumers. There were be. and the trustee for its wide application. costs to the automobile beyond the sales To begin with there are the assembly Simply knowing that the purely economic price of the new cars that were serious and line workers and inspectors who can contrib­ costs of automobile crashes are coming close significantly preventable. The emergence of ute more of their knowledge and experience to the retail sales of new ca.rs is enough to that concern reached Congress in the mid­ about vehicle design, defects, and deteriora­ provide an appreciation of the economic Sixtles as the human and property wreckage tion. The President of Volvo, Pehr G. Gyllen­ magnitude of this tragedy. of deaths, injuries and air pollution mounted hammar, in reviewing his company's recent Vehicle sales are at record highs and, for throughout the nation. One result was the workplace reorganization, declared: "It is al­ the most pa.rt, so are profits. What 1s more, auto safety act of 1966. most alarming to realize how much know­ industry projections for next year a.re quite how and capability has been locked up in Legislative concern with the automobile optimistic, notwithstanding still higher re­ the work force, unavailable to managers who tail prices. The generous investment tax did not crest with that historic 1966 legisla­ simply didn't realize what an important re­ tion. Hearings at the Congressional and State credit and the accelerated depreciation pro­ source it was." visions of the tax code provide enhanced level, media reports, litigation, non-industry By their worker suggestion awards, auto research findings, and candid declarations by incentives for innovative investments companies have recognized the hidden lodes through these indirect taxpayer subsidies. some auto Industry insiders led to increased of ingenuity among their employees. That consumer consciousness and further sup­ same ingenuity can do more than improve The era. of innovation must replace the port for additional consumer protection laws. productivity and expand job enrichment; it era of warmed-over soup in automotive de­ They include the 1970 air pollution law, the can Increase the flow of Ideas that make for sign, especially innovation for the consumer. 1972 Motor Vehicle Information and Cost more consumer-etficient and safe vehicles. In industrial automation, styling and pro­ Savings Act, the 1974 amendments, and the More than one vehicle recall campaign has motion, the auto industry has been quite 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act. had Its origin in the moral concern and innovative. But this has not been the case There was one central message to all these knowledge of assembly line workers. It ls with the subject of all these efforts-the health and pocketbook protection la.ws­ good management to encourage open chan­ operating motor vehicle itself. that the American people have a. right to nels of communication of these concerns and There is simply too much evidence in the the auto Industry's most reasonable efforts lessen the pressures to "keep the line mov­ historical record over the yea.rs showing the to reduce the frightful human and economic ing" at whatever costs to consumers down industry's snail's pace of innovation to re­ costs associated with the Imbalanced engi­ the road. quire much repetition here. neering of motor vehicles. These laws ca.11 The engineering societies, especially the But some reminders are necessary if only July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25619 to provide the perspectives on past delays It was not always this way. At the turn stalled by the post-Cole GM management's that could serve to heighten a sense o! re­ of this century, rapid innovation in domestic decision to oppose the Federal Government's sponsible urgency among all groups who automobile design, production and distribu­ have a duty to do the right things more passive restraint standards. It must be like a tion occurred during a period that covered medical scientist perfecting a lifesaving promptly. approximately two decades. Then the in­ First, it is important to distinguish be­ vaccine and having someone block its dis­ dustry settled into a long span of evolution­ tribution to the consumer. tween innovation that is needed to fulfill the ary development of the reliability themes es­ consumer health and safety rights and that tablished in the 1920's and early 1930's. The Given the accumulated backlog of unmet kind of innovation which merely refines the curve of innovation dropped significantly in necessities and wasteful spending over the engineering of the high compression engine. the post-World War II period as the industry yea.rs, the disadvantageous comparison of the Second, innovation becomes more neces­ moved into what one commentator called the auto industry's R&D with industries such as sary as the passing years expand the gap be­ "juke box era of automotive design." Style, electronics, business machines and chemicals tween the growth of problems and the un­ colors, frills, horsepower, and bellicose car is not insignificant. Take the current down­ used ability to solve these problems. Alfred names dominated the scene. While scholars sizing program, costing huge amounts for North Whitehead put it with characteristic and magazine writez.:s were describing the retooling. That will only take us back to the wisdom: "Duty," he said, "a.rises from the lavish sums and manpower spent on styling early 1960's in size and weight--hardly a power to alter the course of events." This work, the Automobile Manufacturers Asso­ period of automotive size deprivation. Down­ is not 1940 when Los Angeles was just be­ ciation was telling the public that its mem­ sizing would not have been necessary if cars ginning to experience photochemical smog bers were spending between 5 and 6 million were not upslzed in previous years, not to from the automobile's exhausts; this is not dollars a year on all safety research ranging give motorists more room, but to provide 1950 when auto crash-casualties were viewed from brakes to handling to lighting to crash greater overhangs as a way of proving the as solely due to the "nut behind the wheel"; protection. This asserted expenditure oc­ advent of a new model year with a bigger this is not 1960 when a glutted oil industry curred in 1958 and amounted to far less than than ever model. The auto companies have was holding down domestic production a way of recovering from some of their own one penny out of every $20 in industry gross indiscretions in the name of "progress." That through State production controls; this is sales that year. A Ford Motor Company rep­ not 1970 when an Administration looked at kind of "progress" could have been avoided resentative proudly revealed that his com­ in the first place by common concern !or the auto crisis burgeoning on many con­ pany spent a total of $333,000 on second­ sumer and environmental fronts with cool consumer justice. There is a lot o! makeup collision research that year-.at a time when activity that the auto companies owe con­ indifference if not outright hostility. This is Ford was considered the industry leader in 1977-a time of computers and space ve­ such research. sumers. The auto industry should now be­ hicles, communications satellites and early come a growth industry to accomplish these There is a more recent standard of com­ unmet necessities. solar energy ... and of motor vehicles that parison to judge the auto industry's un­ would not surprise your great grandfather. I ask for a new spirit of "can doism" by As several auto executives have been say­ willingness to develop consumer-sensitive the auto companies in safety and fuel and ing in recent speeches, the times a.re chang­ engineering. Taylor Co., and Menasco, work­ repair efficiency-a spirit nourished by con­ ing, consumer expectations are rising higher ing for the Insurance Institute for Highway sumer information, product innovation and and going deeper. Yours is no safety pin Safety, developed bumper designs to with­ inter-company competition. This spirit re­ industry with an essentially completed tech­ stand low speed crashes without increasing quires men and women in the auto industry nology. Yours is an unfinished technology weight. other work done for the NHTSA ex­ who crave to save lives at lea.st as much as which desperately needs what you can give perimental safety vehicle program by Ca.1- they crave to sell ca.rs and who go home in it-ht:a.vy infusions of engineering progress. span and Minicars, primarily research orga.­ the evening thinking a.bout ways to design I recall an observation ma.de in 1964 by niza tions, resulted in combining safety ad­ their cars to save consumers money over the Donald Frey, then a Vice President of Ford vances with lightweight cars. The auto com­ lifetime of the vehicle. Motor Company. Here a.re his words: "I be­ panies had said that such advances were not There was a glimmer of this spirit in the lieve that the amount of product innovation feasible or practical. In fact, Ford and GM early history of the air bag. Remember 1968 successfully introduced into the automobile weighed in With their best experimental when Ea.ton Corporation, a major auto sup­ is smaller today than in previous times and safety automobiles in 1972 tipping the scales plier, seriously predicted that air bags could is still falling. The automatic transmission at almost 6000 pounds! be rea.dy in "three or four years." In 1970, was the la.st major innovation of the Even when Government safety standards General Motors, through President Edward industry." were issued, some manufacturers employed Cole, promised standard equipment air bags Henry Ford, II, was conveying a similar designs which all but undermined the effec­ on one million 1974 model cars. In 1971, Mr. theme at that time in uttering these mem­ tive use of the safety device. Rec·ll how Cole predicted air cushion restraint devices orable words: many years motorists had to contend or would be in all 1976 GM models. But in 1977, "When you think of the enormous prog­ ignore the spaghetti shoulder harnesses or there are no vehicles being produced With ress of science over the last two generations, bumpers which weighed over a hundred air bags. Now the Government has given the it's astonishing to realize that there ls very pounds. It is difficult to believe that these auto industry the most generous lead time little about the basic principles of today's and other similar auto company failures of four years to begin installation of the automobile that would seem strange and were due to anything other than stubborn passive restraint in full size cars. Unan­ unfamiliar to the pioneers of our industry ... unwillingness to forge the solutions. It could swered is the question of why the domestic What we need even more than the refine­ not have been inability, inasmuch as their auto industry, fully able to install these re­ ment of old ideas is the ability to develop resources were far greater than those com­ markable safety devices in most cars at least new ideas and put them to work." manded by the relatively tiny firms tha.t three years ago, instead continued to install Anyone who has talked with Edward Cole showed the way. shoulder harnesses which they had fought or John DeLorean, recently departed execu­ Between 1970 and 1974, the industry's re­ against so bitterly ten years ago. tives at General Motors, knew how o!ten ported overall average research and develop­ While we press to catch up with installa­ these men were frustrated in the Sixties and tion of the obvious and presently available Seventies by the slow pace of engineering ment expenditures added up to 3.6 percent of their total sales for that period. Much of advances which should have been accom­ change. pllshed yesterday, there is a pressing agenda Consider, for example, that the farmost these R&D funds were used to advance pro­ d uctivl ty in vehicle production which has oc­ a.head. We should look forward as the hori­ significa.n t safety system developed since zon is etched with optimistic signs: Instead World War II in the cra.shworthy area is the curred without improving consumer safety or operating efficiency. R&D figures and their of crash survivability at 30 mph into a air bag and it, with the exception of a few fixed barrier, protection should be available thousand cars, is still not available to the specific components, given traditional in­ dustry secrecy, are inaccessible to public at 50 or 60 mph. Instead of 27.5 mpg, it is American consumer. And as has so often been not unrealistic to seek forty or fifty. And the the case with the auto industry, it took an analysis. Until they are available, the judg­ automobile should be designed to prevent auto supplier to credibly bring this innova­ ment must rest on that old saying: "The or diminish thousands of pedestrian injuries tion to public attention. proof ls in the pudding." It ls to be ex­ yearly when struck at very low speeds by There is yet another comparison which the pected that the industry ls spending more on sharp edges or projections on the outside of domestic auto manufacturers do not receive safety research than in prior decades, under the vehicle. happily but it is a fact. Smaller foreign car the prod of the various laws. But the results The motor vehicle industry has two choices. makers have consistently out innovated the on today's cars do not seem commensurate U.S. car manufacturers in recent decades. It can use its clout, in the form of lawyers when top management moves to block per­ and lobbyists, to delay, to obstruct, and to Whether in introducing three point belts, formance standards that would make their radial tires, disc brakes, or stra. tified charge try a.voiding the inevitable. Or it can use the engines in to mass production, the smaller research successes, such as air bags, a reality most generous lead time now available to foreign manufacturers were first, and the in ca.rs. I sometimes wonder how those en­ improve fuel economy and install air cush­ domestic manufacturers followed, sometimes gineers inside General Motors feel when ions, to do the job right and to face up to many years later. The NIH (Not Invented they see the reliable operation of air bags in its responsibil1ties to meet the challenge of Here) syndrome is still prevalent today. 10,000 1974, 1975 and 1976 automobiles saving lives and reducing needless waste. July 28, 19·77 25620 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS I know there is quite a mixture of feelings message, that I ask all three of you to come DR. HERMAN GOLDBERG'S AD­ here tonight. You, the 1977 graduating class forward so that I may present the congratula­ DRESS TO THE NATION'S FIRST of Irondequoit High School, are looking back tions of President Carter to you now. GRADUATES IN VOLUNTARY over the 12 years which are almost all you A fellow superintendent recently put it TRANSFER PROGRAM can remember of your life and thinking: "At best when he said, "The Class of '77 is a last." And the mothers and fathers here to­ witness to history." This class has at least night, reflecting on those 12 years, are asking two directions: It is the first Irondequoit HON. FRANK HORTON themselves how they could have flown by so graduating class in our Nation's third cen­ OF NEW YORK quickly. And we alf'IO have a third perception, tury, and it is a class whose members have that of Principal Stacy, Superintendent spent their entire elementary and secondary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Early and the teachers and stat! of your school careers in one or more critical periods Thursday, July 28, 1977 school. I'll venture more than one member in the nation's history. of that group is thinking: "I've done my best, When you entered first grade 12 years ago, Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, 12 years God help them now." And meaning it fer­ America was stlll feeling the effects of the ago, in 1965, a voluntary urban-suburba:n vently and reverE:ntly. assassination of John Kennedy. As the mem­ pupil transfer program was begun m I've been a graduate, I've been .e. oarent, bers of the Class of '77 grew older and Rochester, N.Y.'s metropolitan area for and I've been a teacher and a school adminis­ climbed through the grades, they were wit­ the purpose of encouraging desegrega­ trator at many graduations. And let me say nesses to the years with the "long, hot sum­ tion of both city and suburban school that repeated exposure to these feelings con­ mers" as the nation inflicted serious wounds districts. The first suburban district to fer no immunity. This ceremony always un­ upon itself. covers my deepest hopes about the renewal Later came the trauma of Vietnam, and the participate in this program was that of of human life and the society in which we Class of '77 watched as a nation muddled West Irondequoit, N.Y. Since 1965, the live. through self-evaluation. Students, but a few voluntary urban-suburban transfer pro­ Tonight I am having yet another expe­ years older, questioned the way of America gram has grown to include a large num­ rience. I am here not as a graduate, parent, and a few translated their questioning into ber of suburban districts hosting more or teacher, but as an official of the Federal violence. than 800 inner-city pupils in their edu­ Government and carrying a message to you You were here as man first stepped onto cation programs. On Tuesday evening, from the President of the United States and the moon. As the feat was repeated in en­ I'd like to read it to you now. suing years, you cheered your country for June 28, the class of 1977 of West Iron­ (Presentation by Herman R. Goldberg, U.S. its achievement, a country soon to be chal­ dequoit High School was graduated. Associate Commissioner of Education and lenged by political corruption and double­ Members of this class include a number former Superintendent of Schools, Rochester, digit inflation. And now in the closing days of young men and women from city N.Y., for the Class of '77 of West Irondequoit of your school careers, your futures are neighborhoods who began their studies High School, the first integrated senior class clouded by the disturbing realities of the at West Irondequoit as first graders in to graduate since the start of the 1965 Urban­ energy shortage. 1965. This graduation ceremony was the Suburban Transfer Plan, Eastman Theater, The outside environment of the Class of '77 first in the Nation to include graduates Rochester, N.Y., June 28, 1977.) has been distracting. Yet most of its mem­ bers have made the most of the opportunities who have completed a full 12-year cycle THE WHITE HOUSE, which have been presented to them. of education as part of a voluntary Washington, June 24, 1977. This year's class should not accept the urban-suburban pupil transfer program. I am pleased to join with the people of events of the past dozen years as its total The success of this program should not West Irondequoit and Rochester, New York, heritage. The Class of '77 indeed will have only be attributed to the pupils involved, in marking with special congratulations the its choices as did the Classes of '67 or '57 or but also to their parents, many of whom graduation of the 1977 Class of West Iron­ '47. This class wm make its choices, perhaps served tirelessly on the parent advisory dequoit High School. from the lessons it has learned from history committee; Dr. Norman N. Gross, the The young men and women of this pioneer and an intelligent analysis of future needs class, now taking the traditional step into and events. project director; Dr. William J. Early, young adulthood, have already made an in­ Historian Bruce Catton has said, "ffistory superintendent of the West Irondequoit spiring contribution to the maturity of our after all is the story of people; a statement Central School District; Richard N. nation. You have shown that neighbors work­ that might seem too obvious to be worth Stacy, principal of West Irondequoit ing together can clear away the barriers makin11; if it were not for the fact that history High School; and all of the teachers in which threaten to fragment our society. is so often presented in terms of vast in­ the West Irondequoit Central School Dis­ The spirit of cooperation you have demon­ comprehensible forces moving far under the trict. Special men tion should be made of strated in creating an integrated student surface, carrying human beings along, helP­ Mr. Stanley Marcus, who until his tragic body in West Irondequoit is the essence of less, and making them conform to a pattern the democracy we claim to be. whose true shape they never see. The pattern death just 7 days prior to the graduation I commend you for the splendid example does exist, often enough, and it is important served as chairman of the advisory you have set for all your fellow citizens and to trace it. Yet it is good to remember that committee. send you my warmest best wishes for the it is the people who ma.ke the oattern, not The graduation exercises took on even years ahead. the other way around. This is the challenge more significance because the speaker at JIMMY CARTER. of the Class of '77. You soon will be making the ceremony was Dr. Herman Goldberg, the pattern for future generations, including I was faced with a dilemma. A tough the Class of '87. Associate Commissioner for Equal Edu­ choice. Do I hand this message to Principal cation Opportunity. In addition to being I am here with you witnessing and taking Stacy or to Superintendent Early. I have part in an event of some signiflcance to our recognized nationally in the field of de­ decided what to do, but I want to tell you times and to the history of our Nation-the segregation and equal education oppor­ how I arrived at my decision. It was based on graduation of Irondequoit's first integrated tunity, it was Dr. Goldberg who, as su­ the relative importance of the principalship urban-suburban class. It may be news to perintendent of schools in the city of and the superintendency in the eyes of the you, in fact it sounds outlandish to hear Rochester during the 1960's was re­ public. yourselves called history makers, but you sponsible for helping to stimulate the To help me decide, I recalled an event that are-the first such class in the nation. And urban-suburban transfer program in the happened to me some years ago when I I predict that you will one day see widespread was superintendent. My telephone rang at the effects of what you began here. I also pre­ Rochester area. home in the middle of the night. It was 2 dict your class Will continue to make his­ At this point I would like to share with o'clock. An angry father was calling demand­ tory, because you are the keepers of very my colleagues Dr. Goldberg's remarks to ing to know where his daughter was. He had special knowledge. You have learned and you the West Irondequoit graduating class insisted that she be home from the high have demonstrated that good will can pene­ of 1977: school dance no later than 12:30 and here trate the most elaborate political and social it was 2. I told the father that I was sorry, barriers societies can construct. This simple THE CITY LIMITS: FRONTIER OF THE '70s but that I had no idea where his daughter homily, which is widely preached, yet is re­ Tonight is an occasion for celebration. A might be. I then suggested that he call the garded with the awe accorded miracles when time for all of us to join together in a mo­ high school principal, and he responded very demonstrated in the lives of saints, is a truth ment of joy. And I am honored and warmly indignantly with, "What? Me disturb him with the power to confound the most sophis­ touched that you have invited me here to at this hour?" ticated and cynical critics of our American celebrate with you. So we can easily see that the message from experiment in democracy. And with more Opportunities to feel good are to be treas­ the President must go to Principal Stacy as Americans like you it can restore this Nation ured and en1oyed, not analyzed. But I hope he is flanked by Board President McGrath to its historical role of moral leadership in I can contribute something to the pleasure and Superintendent Early and it is With great the world's affairs. of this occasion by looking backward a little pride and also With thanks to Presidential What is it I'm making all this fuss about? over the years which have brought us all to­ Assistant Midge Costanza and Congressman The barrier I'm talking about, the one which gether in this ceremony. Frank Horton, who helped me obtain the was breached by twenty-five determined July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25621 youngsters twelve years ago, ls the city limits in the social turmoil surrounding them. They suburban opportunity decided somewhere of Rochester, New York. had discovered that they really didn't know along the 12-year line that it wasn't worth Now, the growth of cities was something much about how other Americans, that is the trouble. And the West Irondequoit the Nation was proud of. For most Americans those outside Irondequoit and similar sub­ Schools did not renege on their offer even it was understood to be the natural, healthy, urban communities, lived, felt, and thought. as pressures mounted. President McGrath progressive development of a civilized so­ And they had also found that other Ameri­ and his Board members and Superintendent ciety. Rochester was the first great western cans really knew very little about them. I Early deserve our strong commendation for city, springing up in a generation where the don't know which was more disturbing to their strong continuity of support for this Erie Canal crossed the Genesee. During most these young men and women-to find their vital program initiated by their predecessors. of our history most Americans lived on farms own preconceptions faulty or to find them­ That is as far as we should be willing to go or in rural towns. The path of progress was selves the stereotyped victims of another's in congratulating ourselves on the "results" toward the cities. The generation gap was preconceptions. of this pioneering effort. To talk of "results" the choice between "honest" toil on the land What these graduates perceived at Christ­ implies a controlled experiment, and this and the chance to make it under the clty mas of 1964 was a gap in their knowledge program was not conceived as an experiment. lights. and their experience. What they may or may It was offered as an educational opportunity; The line around Rochester and other Amer­ not have known was that this gap was a an activity which would continue only if it ican cities is no Berlin wall. There is nQ chasm widening between nearly all the was found to be worthwhile. barbed wire, no watchtowers. Most people cities and all the suburbs in America. The Today there is a great deal of interest wouldn't even know when they were crossing life they had been leading up until the time among educators in just the sort of program it. Yet the city limits is becoming a dividing they graduated from high school was a very which has been operating here. The interest line between two kinds of life in America. close copy of the American dream. They rises from an issue that has assumed tre­ One generous, open and amuent and the wished they> had learned more of the Ameri­ mendous importance in the United States other increasingly pinched, deprived and can reality. today. As you may know, The U.S. Supreme desperate. I was Superintendent of the Rochester Court has called for urban-suburban school Rochester is not one of America's desperate schools at that time. Some weeks after that links in the case of Wilmington/New Castle cities and West Irondequoit is not a smug 1964 reunion I received a call from Eric County, Delaware, but denied the call for suburb. But even here, between these two Stettner, President of the West Irondequoit similar linkage in the case of Indianapolis/ unusually fortunate and enlightened com­ Board of Education, who told me that the Marion County, Indiana, on the basis of situ­ munities one can see signs of the great Board of Education and Superintendent Earl ations which are different in the eyes of schism which threatens America's great Helmer had been strongly impressed by the students of such matters, but nevertheless metropolitan areas. The big difference is that observations of the 1964 Irondequoit gradu­ leaving the future unclear to most school here you have done something about it. ates. In essence what was proposed to me people, parents and students. Just how did this invisible line, truly was a plan for beginning to bridge that chasm However, I can say with confidence, as I known only to surveyors, become so firmly which was separating the people of the City have said consistently as an educator and fixed that it affects the way people live? No and their neighbors in Irondequoit. They government omcial, that school segregation such firm line existed during most of the asked if there were parents in Rochester who by race is contrary to the United States Con­ history of Rochester and Irondequoit. The might wish for their children the opportunity stitution and that it is not only our duty land where Benjamin Franklin High School to attend school in an excellent, suburban, but it is essential to our welfare and integrity stands in Rochester was once Irondequoit. academically oriented school district. as a Nation to protect the constitutional The strip of land along the river from Now that is not the most graceful question rights of all citizens. I also believe, along with Rochester to Lake Ontario was once Ironde­ you can put to an urban superintendent of those 1964 Irondequoit graduates, that a stu­ quoit--be!ore the gift of Durand-Eastman schools. I might have resented it, but I was dent educated in racially, economically or Park to the city. too aware that there were many such fami­ culturally isolated conditions in America to­ According to Dr. Joseph Barnes, City His­ lies, living in the center of the city, fighting day is not well prepared to partake of, enjoy torian, Rochester annexed land from Ironde­ for better schools for their children but see­ and contribute to the richly varied ways of quoit in 1874, 1908, 1914, 1916, 1923 and 1926. ing painfully slow progress under the pres­ life this Nation and this world offer. Then in 1927 the state constitution was sure of mounting responsibilities for the This is almost a classic principle of educa­ amended taking the power to legislate an­ schools (and all the city's services, I might tion-to increase one's own understanding nexations from the state legislature and re­ add) and shrinking revenues to pay for it. and self-knowledge by learning about other quiring that a proposed annexation be ap­ I thought we were making progress, but I cultures, other places and other times. Right proved by a majority vote of the citizens to also knew that many of the fa.mmes who here in Irondequoit High School you have for be annexed. This amendment, called the supported what we were trying to do were some time had as classmates students from Popular Sovereignty Amendment, essentially concerned a.bout the education their children foreign countries as part of the American stopped the territorial growth of cities in the were getting right then and would welcome Teen-Age Diplomat Program. And I under­ state. the change to have a. child in a. suburban stand that a number of you have spent time Previously, a community lying next to a school. in countries around the world in a reciprocal city would expect to be annexed as its popu­ There were endless details in getting om­ part of the program. It is not too unreason­ lation and need for water, sewers, lights and cial approvals and making the arrangements able to assume that some similar type of ex­ other urban services grew. And with the serv­ to move a. six-year-old child a.cross Ridge change might be useful to bridge the growing ices annexation brought came the costs of Road on his or her way to school. I hope many gap between groups within our own society. supporting those services plus hospitals, of you remember that first day of first grade It is up to you, the Class of '77, to deter­ museums, libraries, parks and other urban here in September, 1965, when you started mine whether or not your education here life needs. Now we have a static situation: this adventure together. serves you well as you enter into the exciting cities surrounded by communities becoming Not all of the children starting school that days ahead. wm your fellow students, your urban but not becoming part o! a city. day are here graduating tonight. In fact less co-workers, your friends, your families, and Most citizens of Rochester were truly sur­ than half of this entire graduating class your neighbors be more interesting to you prised and shocked in 1964 when they saw started school in West Irondequoit. because of what you have learned about and other citizens take to the streets in desperate Just like everyplace else in this Nation, from the people with whom you went to protest. It was the first many had known that people have moved a.way from Irondequoit school? Wlll they find you an accepting and there was something the matter with the and others have moved in. I find it an inter­ responsive person? Will some of the thoughts, qualiy of life for some in their community esting and important fact that forty-two feeling and actions from those of different which had been called "the home of quality percent of the students from Rochester who backgrounds be less puzzling and less threat­ products," and "the finest place in America began school here 12 years ago are receiving ening to you? If the answers seem amrmative to live and raise children." their diplomas tonight while for your class to even a slight degree your schooling wm But some of the 1964 Irondequoit High as a whole the percentage of those who began have made a great contribution to the rich­ School graduates knew something was wrong. school in West Irondequoit 12 yea.rs ago is ness and happiness of your life. Your school used to have what I think was a 43 percent. And if, when you undertake the respon­ lovely custom. Each Christmas the graduat­ That is, almost exactly the same proportion s1bi11t1es of adult life, and your actions affect ing class of the previous June would get to­ of students who live in Rochester and stu­ the lives of others, you'll know better how gether with their former teachers for an in­ dents who live in Irondequoit have trans­ your thoughts and actions will be understood formal class reunion. With their first experi­ ferred to other schools. And this proportion, by others. How they will respond wlll make ences outside their home, community, and by the way, compares roughly with what we more effective what you do and help provide school stm fresh in their minds, indeed still know of the nation wide rate of family both groups, working together, the kind of upon them, the graduates would discuss what mobiUty. leadership and support our Nation needs in they had learned in school and how it was These figures do not upset the guiding as­ every endeavour-in government, in com­ serving them in college, in jobs, or, in 1964, sumption of the Urban-Suburban program merce, in industry, in community affairs, and in the armed forces. that people living in the inner city and peo­ in all the professions, including education. Several of the graduates agreed that while ple living in Irondequoit have pretty much And I need not tell you that I and the they were well prepared to study, to find the same expectations as to what a public teachers and parents here tonight sincerely solutions to problems, to read and to write school should be. No significant number of hope this will indeed be the outcome for each they felt themselves ignorant and confused Rochester parents and students seeking this of you. 25622 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 There a.re more than 17 ,000 high schools in Counsel of the U.S. Department of the In­ transportation services, the market could our nation. Every one of these high schools is terior :from 1969 until 1972 when he was be very slim. holding a graduation at a.bout this time of appointed deputy to Nathaniel P. Reed, as­ Third. No one knows how much this year with a speaker invited to bring a special sistant Secretary for fish, wildlife and parks, scheme would cost. The section which I message to ea.ch senior class. This means that by Secretary Rogers C. B. Morton. As such propose to strike would authorize the there a.re more than 17,000 speakers most of he was responsible for a broad range of pro­ whom think seriously a.bout the impact of grams including those of the National Park appropriation of $75 million for the pur­ what they plan to say and strive to find those Service. Wheeler frequently attended meet­ chase .of vans, with no guarantee that words that may be remembered. ings of the Advisory Council on Historic the Government would ever recoup any Now, if Art Buchwald had been your Preservation representing his department. of the money. The expense of buying the speaker tonight and had asked what you Wheeler is a former vice president of the vans, as well as all other costs which are might have remembered a.bout his graduation Capitol Hill Restoration Society in Wash­ readily allocable to the program, is sup­ talk, he would be pleased if you said, "He ington and is currently a member of the posed to be paid by riders of the vehicles. ma.de us la.ugh." board of directors and chairman of the A major component of the rider charges, If Ralph Nader was in this spot he would historic preservation committee of the smile if you remembered that he made you group. He lives on Capitol Hill with his wife, however, is the salaries of employees think and, perhaps, a little bit nervous. the former Heather A. Campbell, and two who administer the enterprise, and no But, I have been with you on your special young sons. one can predict how many people will night and I want you to know that I would be In an interview with Preservation News, be needed for this job. GSA estimates 12 gratified if you would remember that beoause Wheeler said he saw his role as one "to for the entire nation. Projections based you a.re such very special people, I tried t.o develop the obvious resources and talents of the National Trust on behalf of private ac­ on the experience of the one private van make you hopeful. pooling organization for which we have God bless you all! tion for the built environment." He added that he was "surprised to learn the breadth figures, though, indicate that 60 would of National Trust capabilities" and thought be a rockbottom minimum. that the Congress and the public needed to Fourth. The proposal contains a po­ WHEELER SUCCEEDS KNOTT ON know more about the Trust's role. tential for creating enormous amounts "The Trust is uniquely well-qualified," he of paperwork in establishing and admin­ NATIONAL TRUST STAFF added, "to forge a vital preservation partner­ ship between the public and private sectors." istering the program. As chairman of the Commission on Federal Paperwork, I HON. JAMES G. MARTIN have become extremely concerned about OF NORTH CAROLINA this aspect of Federal programs. Let me IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STRIKING THE VAN POOLING SEC· tell you, any system which involves 6,000 Thursday, July 28, 1977 TION FROM THE ENERGY BILL vans and, assuming 10 riders per vehicle, 60,000 Federal employees, all going back Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to and forth to and from F'ederal buildings congratulate my good friend and able HON. FRANK HORTON all over the country every day, is bound administrator Douglas P. Wheeler on OF NEW YORK to pose a massive paperwork tangle. having been appointed executive vice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In summary, Mr. Speaker, there are president of the National Trust. His long Thursday, July 28, 1977 many good reasons for opposing section and successful service with the Depart­ 701 of the energy bill, and I hope the ment of Interior imminently qualifies Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, when H.R. Members will support mv amendment to Doug for his new position. I wish to 8444, the "National Energy Act," comes strike the section when the bill reaches share an article appearing in Preserva­ to the floor next week, I intend to offer the Rouse floor. tion News that announces Doug's ap­ an amendment striking from the bill sec­ The following is the t.ext of the amend­ point: tion 701. That section establishes a Fed­ ment I intend to offer to H.R. 8444: WHEELER SUCCEEDS KNOTT ON NATIONAL eral van pooling program. My amend­ Strike out line 5 on page 377 and all that TRUST STAFF ment is printed in today's RECORD. folows, up to and including line 25 on page A former high-level official in the U.S. In the Government Operations Com­ 386; re-letter succeeding subparts accord­ Department of the Interior has been named mittee and again in the Ad Hoc Energy ingly. executive vice president of the National Committee, I offered an amendment to Trust. strike this provision. In both forums, the Douglas P . Wheeler, deputy assistant sec­ amendment was defeated by a close vote. NOW THE ABORTION DEBATE retary for fish, wildlife and parks from 1972 In until January, succeeds Lawson B. Knott, the Energy Committee, my proposal CENTERS ON THE POOR Jr., who is retiring. Wheeler, who is now received more support from majority on the National Trust staff as special assist­ members than any other minority initia­ ant to the president, becomes executive vice tive on which a roll call vote was taken. HON. DON EDWARDS president on May 11. I have urged the Committee on Rules OF CALIFORNIA National Trust President James Biddle to provide, in the rule under which the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES announced to the staff his appointment of energy bill will come to the floor, for Wheeler on February 28. It was approved consideration by the entire House of my Thursday, July 28, 1977 by the executive committee of the National amendment to strike the van pooling Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. Trust Boa.rd of Trustees at their meeting on March 8. Biddle said that Wheeler will section. I think that all Members ought Speaker, in light of the fact that the bring to the Trust "an excellent combina­ to have an opportunity to judge this part House will again be voting on the lan­ tion of talents in preservation and admin­ of the President's national energy plan guage of the Hyde amendment to the istration." on its merits. Labor /HEW appropriation bill, I would In announcing Wheeler's appointment, Let me explain just briefly why I am like to share with my coJleagues an arti­ Biddle took special note of the contributions opposed to this program. I will make only cle recently written for the Los Angeles of Lawson Knott to preservation generally four points: Times by our fellow Representative, and to the National Trust in particular First. Establishing a van pooling pro­ since his appointment in January 1974. ANTHONY C. BEILENSON: "Preservation and the Trust have grown im­ gram would create a new, special benefit Now THE ABORTION DEBATE CENTERS ON THE mensely in the past three yea.rs," Biddle for Federal employees, and would be sub­ POOR said, "and that growth has in no small meas­ sidized by the taxpayers. Van pooling (By ANTHONY C. BEILENSON) ure been aided by Lawson Knott." Biddle may be a fine idea, and encouraging, pro­ Reasonable men and women may differ, I also cited Knott's "advocacy of our ca.use" moting, and consulting on it seems to me s11ppose, over the legalistic logic of last on Capitol Hill and with the National Con­ an appropriate role for the Federal Gov­ month's Supreme Court rultngs that States ference of State Historic Preservation Officers ernment. Buying vehicles for bureaucrats need not pay for abortions under the Medic­ examples of the mark Knott will leave. to drive to work, on the other hand, aid program and that publicly-owned hos­ Wheeler, 35, is a native of Long Island and doesn't strike me as a good idea. pitals may constitutionally refuse to permit was graduated from Hamilton College in the performance of abortions-even when Clinton, N.Y., in 1963. He received his law Second. No one has yet performed a such a hospital ls the only health care fa.­ degree from the Duke University School of survey to determine whether a market cillty in the area. Law in 1966 and practiced law in Charlotte, exists for a van pooling program. Since But there can be no argument over the N.C., until 1969. the bill requires the program not to com­ tragic and outrageous results of the ma­ He worked in the Office of Legislative pete with existing public or private jority's decisions. Thousands of poor women July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25623 will again be forced to attempt self-induced also peculiarly a woman's problem, and I do agers has reached incredible proportions-­ abortions or seek out back-alley abortionists, not presume to speak for the women who more than a million each year, over % ot and thousands of children Will be born an­ wm some day have to face this question and them unintended. An unwanted pregnancy, nually to women who will need continuing answer it for themselves. I am confident of followed by unwanted birth, sets in mot1o11 public assistance to care for those children. one thing, however: they ought to be able a series of events for these young women­ In brief, there will be more illegitimate and to make the choice themselves and not have such as an early end to their education and unwanted children, more child abuse, more the state dictate it for them. very limited economic opportunities-that forced marriages (and eventual divorces), I am dismayed by the hypocrisy of those is extremely d11ftcult to change. more late and dangerous abortions, fewer who believe that they have the right to im­ One of the things we must be most con­ resources available for abortion prevention pose on a woman the one solution they think cerned about is helping young people avoid (contraceptive) services, and more people on is right--but who do not have to lead that the consequences ot unwanted and unde­ welfare. woman's life, or raise and provide for her sirable childbearing. Mr. Justice Marshall said as much in the children. Teenage mothers account tor almost 50% dissenting opinion by stating that the regu­ I am dismayed by the hypocrisy of the of illegitimate children born in this coun­ lations upheld by the Court "brutally coerce Right-to-Lifers, who also oppose those serv­ try. Teenagers often do not know or will not poor women to bear children whom society ices which would result in fewer abortions: admit that they· are pregnant until fairly Will scorn for every day of their lives," and birth control, ster111zat1on and sex education late into their pregnancies; they are often pointed out that the effect of the holdings in the schools. afraid or unw1111ng to discuss their situation "wlll fall with great disparity upon women of And I am dismayed by the hypocrisy of with their parents, and they are responsible minority races," who obtain nearly twice as the politicians . who believe in a woman's for a growing epidemic of unwanted and il­ many abortions as white women and are more freedom of choice in this matter but, during legitimate children. heavily dependent upon public medical care. their election ~paigns, promised the small, One third of all Medicaid abortions are A great irony of its recent decision is that but m111tant, Right-to-Life groups in their performed on teenagers. Making abortions while in 1973 the Court held that states could districts that they would vote against public even more d11ftcult tor teenagers to acquire not deny women the right to choose whether funding of abortions. They remind me of the will result in more broken families, more or not to have an abortion, it now finds that three state senators who, during our four­ illegitimate and unwanted children, more states may "make a value judgment favoring year battle to pass the Therapeutic Abortion forced marriages (and eventual divorces), chUdbirth over abortion" and implement that Act in California a decade ago, told me pri­ and-5ince it is only when she has a child judgment by the allocation or withholding vately of the 1llegal abortions they had pro­ cured for their girlfriends-and then voted, that a young woman becomes a welfare re­ of public funds. We thus have the Court cipient-a great many more people on wel­ enunciating a constitutional right that ap­ each of them, against the b111. fare. plies, in practice, only to women who are not This regressive and punitive action which Congress has taken will be felt most harshly There are many other unfortunate con­ on welfare. Wealthy women, of course, always sequences of teenage pregnancy. Babies of had the abUity to procure abortions even in by two groups of women-the poor, and the young. young teenagers are two to three times more the days when they were not legal; so now, likely to die in their first year than other in effect, we are in many ways reverting to The elimination of Medicaid funding of babies; the maternal death rate is 60% the pre-1973 period by again making safe abortions will create a situation very similar higher for young teenagers than other moth­ abortions unavailable to those who cannot to that which existed prior to the 1973 ers; more than twice as many teenage moth­ afford them. Supreme Court decision. Women wtth means ers become school dropouts as other teen­ The Court, as it often does, has acted in the Will continue, as always, to obtain safe, legal agers; teenage mothers face a far absence of legislative direction. The respon­ abortions, while hundreds of thousands of greater likelihood of unemployment s1b111ty now lies directly with the Congress women on welfare throughout the country and welf.ne dependency than other and the legislatures of the several states to will effectively be denied safe and properly women their age; teenage marriages are three face this issue squarely and responsibly-and performed abortions, and will again be times as likely to end in divorce as are mar­ provide that Medicaid funds be made avail­ forced to attempt self-induced abortions or riages between young people in their twen­ able to pay for abortions. seek out back-alley abortionists. Thousands of others Will refuse to take the risk involved ties (50% of teenage brides are divorced Unfortunately, Congress has chosen other­ within 6 years) . Nor do teenagers resort to wise. Three weeks ago, by a vote of 201-154, and Will turn to the State to pay tor their abortion promiscuously: great numbers ot the House of Representatives passed th?. so­ pregnancies, childbirth and the costs of sexually active teenagers fail to use contra­ called Hyde Amendment, prohibiting the use maintaining their children and themselves on welfare. ception to prevent unwanted pregnancies due of Medicaid monies for abortions. This legis­ only to ignorance or to the inaccessibility of lation discriminates against poor women in The Medicaid program currently pays tor family planning services. About 2,000,000 un­ at lea.st two ways: it denies them access, only about 300,000 abortions a year (or three out married young women between the ages of in the case of abortion, to the same kind of of ten abortions in the U.S.) at a cost of 1~19 need contraceptive services, but leM legal medical care as ls available to more af­ approximately $50 m1111on per year. A large than Y:J of them currently receive services fiuent women; and it says, in effect, that al­ number of women who are denied Medicaid from organized family planning programs. though pregnancy is a condition which re­ abortions Will undoubtedly carry their preg­ In passing the restrictions on public quires medical treatment whether it is nancies to term, resulting in thousands of funding for Medicaid abortions we must continued or terminated, there exist two additional unwanted children-in this case, ask ourselves: do we really want to enact categories of poor, pregnant women and most of them potential welfare recipients. an otlicial government policy which would hereafter only those in the group continuing The cost of this forced childbearing by the force these young girls, by taking away their their pregnancies wlll be assisted. poor will have to be borne by the taxpayer, Medicaid benefits, either to bear and be re­ The state should remain neutral and not and wlll be considerable: the Department of sponsible for children they do not want or take sides in a personal decision protected Health, Education and Welfare estimates to seek unsafe abortions? We simply cannot by the Constitution. Those who honestly be­ that !or each pregnant woman eligible tor ignore the effect of such 'a policy's enact­ lieve the government should not be involved Medicaid who is forced by legal restrictions ment on thousands of young women-not in the abortion issue must realize that pro­ to carry her pregnancy to term, the federal, only during their pregnancies but for many hibiting funding for abortion, while continu­ state and local costs of maternity and pedi­ years to come. We cannot ignore the fact ing funding for prenatal care, clearly suggests atric care, as well as public assistance, will be that the original and overriding purpose of that one course of action ls preferable to the approximately $2200 for the first year of the the Medicaid program is to give indigent other and destroys any sense of neutrality. child's life alone-or a total cost to the gov­ Americans a chance to break out of the Since abortion is legal for all women, it ernment of more than $500 million annually. poverty cycle; yet forcing young women into should make no difference to the government This is some ten times the amount the gov­ welfare dependency by having children they which course a poor woman pursues. Pay­ ernment now pays for abortions for poor do not want certainly files in the face of that ment for abortion does not constitute en­ women. goal. couragement of it; it simply provides for What all this boils down to is a public As any other sensitive person, I am trou­ equal access and treatment under the law. policy of telling poor women that we prefer bled by abortion-but not nearly so trou­ It is deplorable that a small but vocal mi­ them to have unwanted children-and we bled as a woman who has an unwanted nority has been able to coerce enactment of are prepared to pay the costs, even though pregnancy. legislation so blatantly discriminatory as the they are much, much greater than the cost Several million American women have per­ Hyde Amendment, and it is incumbent now ot an abortion. And, it means that many sonally resorted to abortion to avoid an un­ upon the Congress to reverse its stand and thousands of welfare families will never be wanted pregnancy, and there 1s no reason speak for the majority of the American peo­ able to achieve financial independence be­ to believe that these women are any less ple-who in fact agree With the Court's ear­ cause they cannot control the number and moral than the rest of us. No one is for abor­ lier ruling that it is every woman's right to spacing of their children as can fammes tion in theory; no one prefers it as an alter­ decide these questions for herself, and who of means. native means of birth control. But the believe that the poor have this right as well Perhaps the most troubling aspect of the ditference between theory and reality is as the wealthy. Court's de::isions and Congress' recent ac­ great and, for many ditferent compelling rea­ Abortion is a very human, very personal tions is the danger which it presents to the sons of their own, women for hundreds upon question. It must be answered by the woman health and well-being of millions of teen­ hundreds of years have resorted to abortion involved, and not by the government. It is agers in this country. Pregnancy among teen- when the circumstances in which they found CXXIII--1613--Part 20 25624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 themselves dictated that personal choice to The looters' faces were not filled with rage, evil deeds, it is refreshing to take note them. but glee. They weren't looking for food as of an act of a good samaritan which All American women must be free to much as for fun. And while it would be com­ typifies the countless acts of humaneness have the ability to make the dl.fflcult deci­ forting to think they stole a storeful of sions on abortion for themselves-in con­ Bibles' and prayer shawls because they had and devotion that occur daily in the sultation with their fam111es, their physi­ urgent spiritual hunger for them, it's dtm­ world. cians, and in accordance with their own cult to believe. I would like to cite a recent example ethical and religious beliefs. "It's Christmastime. It's Christmastime. carried in the July 18 issue of the Atlanta It is imperative that the Congress now It's shopping with no money required." Constitution, the story of a student ham find the courage to do what a majority of its There was also nothing racist about the radio operator at Georgia Tech who members know to be right: make the Con­ plundering. The black, white, and Hispanic picked up a distress call from a Pana­ stitutionally guaranteed right to an abor­ looters were indistinguishable, except some­ manian freighter in the Caribbean and tion again a reality for all women in this tim.es by age and energy, from the blacks, country. If we do not act to reverse our whites, and Hispanics they looted. Often, helped guide the U.S. Coast Guard to an present position, many state legislatures will the p1llaged were almost as poor as the 11-man air-sea rescue. be encouraged also to act, to deny the use pillagers. This type of concern and assistance of their public monies for paying for Medi­ "It's really sort of beautiful. Everybody is by "ham" radio operators is not unusual. caid abortions. out on the streets together. There's sort of a It is not just a hobby. It is a communi­ The real challenge to the Congress 1s to party atmosphere." cations mode that can save lives and help give leadership and support to the develop­ The carnival carnage in the blackout ls a in disaster relief. ment of preventive programs which will ex­ vivid and painful reminder that we need to pand access to family planning services, de­ look again at prevailing theories about crime A striking element of the story, to me, velop safer and more effective methods of and poverty and reassess the effectiveness of is that the Georgia Tech student in this contraception, and deal realistically and ef­ the welfare system as a preventive and as a instance was an exchange student from fectively with teenage sexuality-thus en­ remedy for both. This ls particularly urgent West Germany. There is no doubt in my hancing the ability of women to prevent un­ as the Carter administration ponders the mind, incidentally, that the work of ham wanted pregnancies in the first place, so package of welfare reforms the President ex­ radio operators all over the world is an that most abortions wlll not be needed. pects to send to Congress soon. important factor in improving interna­ But in working toward that goal, we must If New York City offers higher welfare benefits than other areas, why hasn't it tional relations and goodwill. not, in the meantime, create inequities in is access and treatment, nor abrogate by policy helped more? How much ls enough? [One It a little known fact that virtually the rights of any American women to make recent report argues that by statistical def­ all current commercial radio techniques this dimcult decision for themselves. inition, poverty shouldn't even exist in New were developed and pioneered by radio York now-that enough welfare programs are amateurs. available to push everyone above the omcial The article follows: WHAT CAUSED THE NEW YORK poverty level.] Or, if "poverty" involves more than cash "HAM" OPERATOR SAVES SHIP LOOTING? and kind income, and includes attitudes, (By T. L. Wells) lifestyles, the uses of time and energy, and On his last night in the United States, a HON. PHILIP M. CRANE the rearing of children, what then? How do German exchange student using a ham radio we cope with the mentality of poverty? at Georgia Tech picked up a distress call OF ILLINOIS And what happens when the ever-increas­ from a Panamanian ship and helped guide IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing costs of a welfare system reach the point the Coast Guard to an 11-man air-sea rescue. of no return, when high taxes for benefits Thursday, July 28, 1977 Christoph Janker, 17, was operating the and municipal services drive taxpaying work­ radio early Sunday morning when he re­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in her July ers and job-providing business away, as ls ceived a call from a 95-foot Panamanian 22 Chicago Tribune column, "N.Y. Loot­ happening in New York? How close are we vessel, the "Rhinoceros," which was sinking to a social overload that will blow the sys­ about 220 miles south of Jamaica in the ers Burned Out Some Social Theories tem, not just temporarily, but irreparably? Too," Joan Beck views the New York Caribbean. "God gave us this opportunity to get what "The captain said they bad a water leak," looting spectacle from a different per­ we needed." Janker said in a telephone interview. "The spective. Her incisive observations on the If one cause of the New York looting riots water was coming in faster than they could corrosiveness of our welfare system and ls the rise in entitlements, how will the rage pump it out." its lack of deterrent effect are worthy of for more and more ever be satisfied? How Janker, a high school exchange student our careful consideration. Her call for a will government mediate all the conflicting from Ravensburg, West Germany, said he reexamination of our definitions of claims for entitlement-including the con­ first picked up the call at 4:20 a.m. Sunday. viction of workers, who must pay for all the He called the Federal Communications poverty and morality is a reflection on claims direcly or indirectly, that they are Commission, which notified the Miami Coast the failure of our handout programs to entitled to the fruits of their labors? Guard station. combat the former and strengthen the It's been easy in the past to ignore the A Coast Guard spokesman described the fiber of the latter. The New York City victims of crime, to brush aside the protest craft as "a small freighter" and said it was looting was not carried out solely by the of the trashed in concern for trashers. But probably headed to the Panama Canal Zone. needy struggling to feed their families. surely protection of person and property are He monitored the airwaves until noon, obligations of government long before any when the ship quit transmitting messages. Ms. Beck's theory as to what the New dubious commitment to ending poverty. York City melee represented must be The Coast Guard spokesman said an Air And those plllaged small business owners, Force Cl30 Hercules dropped rubber rafts studied by each of my colleagues as we who provided some stability and jobs, are to the fioatlng crew around noon. consider compensating the victims and entitled to more than a 5-7 percent loan. "When I heard the last transmission, he punishing the perpetrators of these That leaves the question of morality. "No (the captain) said they did not have any crimes: other living person has the right to decide rafts because they had lost theirs," Janker ls N.Y. LOOTERS BURNED OUT SOME SOCIAL what moral (right or wrong] for you," said. THEORIES Too declares a new book, "Looking Out for No. l," The Coast Guard spokesman said the 11 rapidly moving up on best seller lists. The "I'm on welfare. I'm taking what I need. were picked up by the American freighter same kind of do-it-yourself morality is also "Aquarius" at 6:49 pm. What are you bothering me for?" being taught in an increasing number of Janker, who plans to return to Germany New York City ls still sweeping up shat­ ethics courses in elementary and high to begin studying medicine, said he often tered glass and shuttering gutted stores and schools. So it's hardly surprising so many spent time at the Georgia Tech radio club, counting burned-out social theories in the New York City looters were able to look TV talking with ham operators around the wake of last week's looting riots. Neither the cameras straight in the eye and insist they world. stcres nor the theories will be easy to restore. weren't doing anything wrong at all. Initial reaction of social theories to the p1llage were generally knee-jerk cliches HELSINKI'S UNFULFILLED about racial outrage and society not doing "HAM" OPERATOR SAVES SHIP PROMISE enough for the hungry, hopeless poor. But the 1960s theories don't fit the 1977 blackout pictures, as the looters themselves made HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS HON. THOMAS A. LUKEN clear. OF GEORGIA Those muscular young males hefting fur­ OF OHIO niture down the street or loading vans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES backed up to appliance stores or setting fires Thursday, July 28, 1977 Thursday, July 28, 1977 to merchandise they didn't want showed no signs of starvation; they are as capable phys­ Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, in an era Mr. LUKEN. I rise today to join my ically of improving a neighborhood as de­ which the news media would have us all many colleagues in protesting the exist­ strcying it. believe is full of nothing but ill will and ence of "Helsinki's Unfulfilled Promise." July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25625 One particular case has been brought West. A native of San Francisco, Bill Mr. Carter, who has lowered his silhouette to my attention by the gentleman from graduated from the University of Cali­ on handgun controls since ringingly endors­ It ing them during the campaign, is expected Massachusetts Richard Nixon. congressional opponents of the administra­ He is not standing on the Carter platform of from a sugar producing district in Idaho tion's sugar policy fear the Coca-Cola. con­ morality and human rights." I have witnessed first hand what has nection means Carter may not be getting Already, the U.S. seems to be taking steps been happening to sugar producers­ the full story on sugar policy from his cabi­ away from its commitment to Taiwan. The b-Oth cane growers in the South and beet net-which would be a clear breakdown of U.S. had reduced its military forces on Tai­ growers in the West--under the policies "cabinet government." What gives their fears wan from 10,000 at the time of the Shanghai of the Carter administration. It seems, substance ls a July 7 confidential memoran­ Communique in 1972 to 1,400 at the present Mr. Speaker, that the "cabinet concept" dum to the President. time. The Mllitary Assistance and Advisory of executive branch government may The memorandum wa.s drafted by domes­ Group has been reduced to 35 members, have broken down as evidenced by a tic policy adviser Stuart Eizenstat a.nd his largely concerned with the cash sales of mlli­ deputy Lynn Daft. While lamenting a.n un­ confidential memorandum to the Presi­ expected further decline in sharply falling tary materiel. dent from advisor Stuart Eizenstat When the Carter Administration may be sugar prices, the memo nevertheless defended toying with the idea of abandoning the U.S. dated July 7, 1977. The Eizenstat memo the administration's two-penny domestic commitment to Taiwan, there are powerful states that Agriculture Secretary Bob subsidy. Growers view that as worthless pressures at work which would make this a Bergland and trade negotiator Bob against cheap sugar imports a.nd want import costly political decision. The State Depart­ Strauss continue to support the present restrictions instead. The Eizensta.t-Daft ment has been receiving cables from its em­ administration sugar program of a two­ memo warned the President against congres­ bassies all over non-Communist Asia reflect­ penny subsidy for domestic growers as sional efforts "to cripple the program or re­ ing concern on the part of our Asian allies place it with a more protectionist program." opposed to countervaling duties or im­ "As a. result of these congressional ac­ that the U.S. is withdrawing from its com­ port quotas against foreign subsidized mitments in the region. tions,'' the President was told, "we have met sugar. with [Agriculture Secretary] Bob Bergland, Beyond this, support in the Congress for Yet, in testimony before a Senate fi­ [trade negotiator) Bob Strauss a.nd [Assist­ Taiwan is perhaps as strong as ever. On a re­ nance subcommittee, Secretary Bergland ant Secretary of State] Julius Katz to re­ cent visit to Taipei, Sen. John Sparkman, assess our options. This group has concluded D-Ala., chairman of the Senate Foreign Rela­ indicated that the present program, in his opinion, was not working and that that the policy you announced in early Ma.y tions Committee, asserted that the U.S. "will [the two-penny grower subsidy followed by not alter its relations with the Republic of domestic growers were being ruined. Mr. a still elusive international sugar agreement] China" while seeking normalization of rela­ Strauss had voiced similar opinions. But rem.a.ins the best option a.nd that we should tions with Peking. Senator Sparkman noted, apparently this information has been redouble our e1Iorts to avoid any congression­ "It seems to me that it is both unwise a.nd covered up and kept from the President. al action that would undermine its chances." unnecessary" to accept Peking's terms to es­ In his heart, however, Bergland's concept tablish normal relations. Many othe-., in the All of this was reported in the Evans and Novak column in today's Washing­ of a "best option" d11Iered. Exactly six days House a.nd Seng,te-from both pa.rtles--ha.ve later, testifying before a Senate fl.na.nce sub­ echoed this view. ton Post. I continue to be amazed, Mr. committee, Bergland used language seeming­ There are also many in the U.S. who argue Speaker, by the almost daily revelations ly designed to tear the two-penny program that the Carter administration's embrace of of suppression and coverups in the Car­ to shreds. Peking ts in direct contradiction to its hu­ ter administration. In recent weeks we "Things a.re coming a.pa.rt a.t the seams,'' man rights policy. Professor David N. Rowe have had revealed to us a coverup in he told the senators. "We understand that ... of Ya.le University states, "If President Car­ ERDA estimates of natural gas supplies from our vantage point in the Department of ter really does mean not to 'embrace' dicta­ that could result from deregulation of Agriculture, we will never support a policy torships, he should immediately cancel Sec­ prices, Mr. Carter's blatant about face that will consciously or subconsciously allow retary of State Vance's plan to visit Peking in his position of gas deregulation from the disintegration of the domestic sugar in August to advance normalization of rela­ industry." tions with the Red regime there. Or is the that taken during his campaign, the sup­ At that point, Sen. Long lashed out at the Carter administration in reality so afraid of pression of ERDA publications on nu­ "Coca-Cola. program" that was destroying the Soviet Communists ... its seems to em­ clear energy, and indications -Of admin­ Louisiana cane and Western beet growers. brace the Chinese Communist dictatorship?" istration involvement in the suppression Furthermore, Bergland's true sentiment Quietly, the Carter administration ha.s of a defense report by the Library of a.bout "the best option" makes twins of him been ta.king a variety of actions against the Congress' Congressional Research Serv­ a.nd Bob Strauss. Testifying on July 20 to the Republic of China.. The St<:i.te Department ice that contradicted administration House Banking Committee, Strauss declared: has discouraged a.ny American companies statements about the growth of Soviet "Secretary Bergland and I and the members from participating in a.ny oil and gas ex­ military power vis-a-vis the United of the Economic Policy Group [headed by ploration off the coast of Taiwan and has States. Treasury Secretary W. Michael Blumenthal] requested that the termination of a $917,000 . . . think it is proving to be wholly ine1Iec­ contract between the Republic of China. a.nd Now we have the latest revelation tive." M.I.T. stating that the program "is not in about the sugar program and the Coca­ Strauss then made an even more dramatic the furtherance of this foreign policy . . . Cola connection. I urge my colleagues to departure from Etzensta.t's memo. Asked July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25629 whether he agreed with Comptroller General zens who pay for this progam but never sult, Federal prosecutors have been Elmer staats's ruling that the two-penny depend on its benefits. handicapped by laws that did not envi­ subsidy 13 lllegal, Strauss called Staat.s "dead The purpose of this amendment as I sion the technical aspects of computer right on that, and we have always been con­ understand it, is not to degrade anyone. crime. Computer criminals currently op­ cerned that that was going to be where we erate in an environment and under con­ end up . . . and i.t would not surprise me It is not designed to punish or abuse any­ one bit if the Justice Department upheld it." one. It is designed to provide some small ditions in which successful detection and There would, however, be a problem there. amount of social equity. prosecution of their crimes is very dif­ Since Attorney General Bell ran the law firm The able-bodied recipients of food ficult. that represents Coca-Cola (King and Spald­ stamps have some obligation to return The incidence of white-collar computer ing, now headed by presidential intimate some of the social benefits they derive crimes is becoming more pervasive and Charles Kirbo) , an appeal by the adminis­ from this program. No one seeks repay­ costly each year. In three separate re­ tra.tion to him from Staat.s's ruling would in­ ment from those physically or mentally ports on computer crime and related sub­ vite confiict-of-interest problems. The appeal unable to repay. jects, the General Accounting Office out­ would go to Deputy Attorney General Peter lined the variety of crimes being com­ Flaherty. Further, it is my impression that many people in our society who need food mitted. In one case involving computer Congress, however, may seize upon the ad­ supply systems, an employee used a com­ ministra..tion's lamentable confusion and stamps would see this "work for food" place sugar under a mandatory price-sup­ adjustment to the program as one that puter terminal to determine the location port system with import restrictions. If so, would remove some of its welfare stigma. and availability of supply items desired the President may be spared immediate fur­ Many people, we have been told over and by outside conspirators. The perpetrator ther agony over sugar that has resulted from over these past few days, will not use the then programed the computer system disjointed "cabinet government": Blumen­ food stamp program because it is too to prepare fraudulent requisition docu­ thal fighting for free trade, Bergland angling much like welfare. With the addition of ments and "sold" the items to his fellow for supports and quotas, Strauss battling for the "work for food" amendment, the pro­ conspirators. anything that works, White House economic Many computer crimes involve systems advisers plotting to continue low-price sugar gram will no longer be pure welfare. It will be a program that extends a helping that make direct payments to individuals to help check inflation. or businesses. For example: The President seems willing to accept con­ hand when it is needed and with the fusion as the price o! diversity. The worri­ expectation that able-bodied recipients A Government employee who had some aspect is added by the Coca-Cola incur some obligation to be met by work­ helped automate an accounting system connection. Whether or not this is an un­ ing for the public good. introduced fraudulent payment vouchers justlflable suspicion in hypersuspicious One additional observation about the into the system. The computer issued Washington, the confidential memo to the potential effect of this amendment should checks payable to fictitious companies set President can only promote those worries. up by the employee. Officials estimate be made. I believe that many food stamp Mr. Speaker, it is amazing that in the recipients might find that this work re­ that $100,000 was paid for goods that had administration of Jimmy Carter, who quirement would enable them to make never been delivered. campaigned as a "friend of the farmer", contacts that could help them find their A supervisory clerk responsible for en­ that we would see what appears to be bla­ way out of dependency. Contact with tering claim transactions to a computer tant conflicts of interest like this at the public workers and officials could lead based social welfare system found she expense of our domestic sugar producers. some welfare recipients to find training could introduce fictitious claims on be­ One wonders what the response of the services or work opportunities that might half of accomplices and they would re­ national media would be to this if it were help permanently remove them from the ceive the benefits. She was able to process to occur in a Republican administration, food stamp program. over $90,000 in claims credibility gap. program or those paying for the program mous telephone tip. through their taxes. The Government's ability to prosecute computer crimes is severely limited. The GAO reported, for example, that a ma­ WORK FOR FOOD STAMPS jor computer crime conviction had been PROPOSED COMPUTER LAW won in one well-known case only be­ cause the perpetrator had used an in­ HON. E. THOMAS COLEMAN terstate telephone line to penetrate the OF :MISSOURI HON. CHARLES ROSE III computer system of a Federal contrac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NORTH CAROLINA tor. Had the telephone been used intra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES state rather than interstate, Federal Thursday, July 28, 1977 prosecutors said, the Wire Fraud Stat­ Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. Speaker, the in­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 ute-18 U.S.C. 1343-under which the consistencies of the debate against this Mr. ROSE. Mr. Speaker, on July 19, indictment was brought, might have and other amendments offered to reform 1977, I introduced legislation with Rep­ been inadequate. In the same case, part the food stamp program are becoming resentative ROBERT DRINAN to provide ef­ of the indictment was dismissed because more than a mere mortal can bear. fective prosecution of electronic burglars electromagnetic impulses which trans­ On the one hand we are told that food who use computers and computer tech­ mitted valuable data were determined stamp recipients are fully capable of nology to steal or manipulate informa­ not to be "property" as defined in the judging nutritional foods to purchase tion, financial instruments, and other Interstate Transportation of Stolen and that they are capable of managing property. The measure is a companion to Property Statute-18 U.S.C. 2314. family budgets without any assistance S. 1766, the Federal Computer Systems In another attempted prosecution, the from the Government. Yet, now on the Protection Act of 1977, introduced by Government lost the case because of the other hand, we are being told these same Senator Rm1coFF, chairman of the Sen­ definitional difficulties in establishing people are not capable of working to ate Government Affairs Committee. whether checks issued by a computer on If adopted, this bill would be the first the basis of fraudulent or manipulated make a living or to even compensate the data were actual forgeries. society at large for the free food stamps law enacted by the Congress to specifi­ they have been given. cally control crime by computer or com­ Mr. Speaker, my bill would amend title puter-related crime. Present Federal 18 of the United States Code in such a One or the other of these arguments is criminal law as reflected in title 18 way as to make virtually all unauthor­ not fact. Those of us who supported the U.S.C., contains some 40 sections under ized use of Federal computers and com­ Findley amendment assumed that food which the Government can prosecute puters used in interstate commerce a stamp recipients can make judgments, computer-related crime. But all 40 of the Federal offense punishable by as much can be responsible and therefore, do have Statutes were written to combat abuses as 15 years in prison or $50,000 fine, or social responsibilities just as those citi- other than computer crimes and, as a re- both. 25630 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19'77 The legislation was drafted by the aren't in constant need of a hospital bed "The patient's medical needs are a prime Senate Government Affairs Committee either--or, an the expensive lifesaving equip­ concern, of course, but we also pay just as ment of today's advanced health institution. much attention to his emotional needs. in consultation with Justice Department This presents a dilemma to both patients "We give emotional support to the family officials, computer security scientists and and families. Should they ask to stay at as well. persons expert and actively involved in home? Are their families emotionally put to­ "Even though they have decided to keep the criminal justice system. All have con­ gether to cope with the slow deterioration of the 111 member at home, having someone cluded that this measure, if adopted, will this lingering anguish? there with medical knowledge and experience be applicable in virtually every case in­ Should they go to a hospital or nursing is a comfort. It gives them a sense of secu­ volving computer crimes. home and lose precious days and hours with rity." their loved ones? It is important to remember that as we Says Dr. Welzmau, "Dying ls such a lonely Apparently, most do. A recent study of experience. It's easier to face with your fam­ become more dependent upon computers Ohio's cancer patients shows only one in five ily around you." and computer networks to relay, process dies at home. Sixty-five percent die in hos­ and store information, computer systems pitals and 15 percent die in nursing homes. will become increasingly intricate and Dr. Walter J. Portes of Metropolitan Gen­ complex. The opportunities for crime in eral Hospital and one of the study's four CLINCH RIVER AND NONPROLIFER­ this area will become greater with less Cleveland researchers says, "I have no figures ATION DIPLOMACY chance for prosecution under existing to prove it yet, but I feel there is a growing laws. Legislation such as I am proposing number of cancer patients who would pre­ is necessary to deter computer crime and fer to stay at home if at an possible. And HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL provide the legal framework to protect more and more families who want to take OF NORTH CAROLINA our society from the newest and most care of their loved ones at home." Cleveland State University nursing pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sophisticated of criminals: computer fessor Mary Ann Rose, who also worked on Thursday, July 28, 1977 thieves. the study, points out that an unknown num­ I invite all interested Members to co­ ber of the 65 percent who died in hospitals Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, following the sponsor this essential legislation by con­ could have been admitted in the last days August recess, the House will be asked tacting either myself or Rick Kastens of of their illness. to consider the question of commercial­ my staff at 5-2731. "They may have been cared for many weeks izing the plutonium-fueled breeder reac­ at home before that and our data wouldn't tor. A vote to continue funding for the reveal this," she says. Clinch River project would serve only Psychologist Savine Weizman, who origi­ to undercut the President's nonprolifera­ THE NEED FOR HOME HEALTH nated group sessions for people with cancer tion program before it has had time to be SERVICES to discuss common fears and problems, says, tested. "They want to be with the people they love­ The administration's major diplo­ and in familiar surroundings. But they matic effort to persuade other nations HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR don't want to be a burden on their famlly either." to avoid premature commercialization oF oruo and join us in the international nuclear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is obvious the solution ls some sort of professional home care to supplement what fuel cycle evaluation program­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 the family can do. INFCEP-will culminate in a general Traditionally, such care was associated meeting of all participants in the Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, I would like autumn. to bring to the attention of my colleagues with wealthy dowagers who had white-clad private-duty nurses to wheel them places Secretary Vance's letter to the Speaker the following article from the Cleveland and put them to bed. Press by Rusty Brown, concerning home on the INFCEP effort appeared in the care for cancer patients. This article il­ Now there's an effort to provide a broader June 15 RECORD. A followup on the cur­ range of home nursing care with greater rent status of the program is outlined in lustrates very vividly the necessity for and lesser degrees of medical expertise. a broad range of home health services a letter from Under Secretary Joseph For instance, there are private agencies Nye to the Environmental Policy Center. not only for cancer patients, or any other such as Quality Care of Cleveland, which persons with dibilitating illnesses, but for The letter follows: opened here 18 months ago. It is part of a JULY 18, 19'77. still another segment of our society in national organization that has established Ms. JANET HEIBER, great need of these kinds of services­ itself in 37 metropolitan areas in seven years. Environmental Policy Center, our elderly. The article points out the Registered nurse Becky Snitzmler, Quality Washington, D.C. need to deemphasize institutionalization, Care nursing supervisor, says, "A startling DEAR Ms. HEmER: This is in response to and in order to do that we have to pro­ fact recently published by Blue Cross ls that your inquiry on the status of the Interna­ vide home health care services. Certain­ one of four hospital patients needn't be tional Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation pro­ ly this is true for our elderly. Today there there. Their needs could be met with some posed. by the President in his Aprll 7 State­ are an estimated 125,000 persons in level of home care." ment on Nuclear Power Policy. nursing homes who could, with the help "That's where we can help," she adds. As you are aware, we envision that this "We provide several levels of health care: reg­ Evaluation will study current generation re­ of a good home health care program. istered nurses, licensed practical nurses, actors, including ways of assuring a reliable live in their own environment. home health aides or companions. They can supply of nuclear fuel and means of solving Our health insurance programs partic­ be hired for five hours a day, or 24 hours a the spent fuel storage problem, as well as ularly medicare, need to be adjusted to day. A registered nurse costs $8 an hour, a li­ studying breeders and other future genera­ allow for this kind of care. As of now, censed practical nurse, $6, and a home health tion reactors and fuel cycles with emphasis medicare covers less than one-third of aide or companion, $4 to $4.50 an hour. on cycles that utilize non-sensitive fuel. The our older Americans health needs. Some hospitalization plans now cover all call for this Evaluation is predicated on our or part of these expenses. Medicare does not belief that we do not need at this time to I believe that my colleagues will find cover nursing care. About 25% of Blue Cross rush ahead into the widespread separation this article interesting and enlightening. contracts provide home health care cover­ and industrial use of weapons-usable plu­ So many of us have had to face the age. tonium. We believe that we have sumclent painful problem of caring for a terminal­ Blue Cross currently is providing all pa­ time for a pause to examine whether there ly ill person or a frail elderly relative. If tients at Deaconess and H11lcrest Hospitals exist viable alternatives to such an econ­ these kinds of services are made available with the opportunity for interinittent home omy, which would present less risk of pro­ nursing care in a pilot program. liferation. to families, perhaps they will not have The President discussed the Evaluation the difficulties or the painful choices Home heal th services can be claimed as a with foreign heads of state at the London about institutionalizing a loved one, that medical deduction on income taxes. Econoinic Summit in May. We have also had we have had in the past. Routine functions for home health aides discussions in various forums with some The article follows: include meal preparation and helping the thirty other nations and international or­ patient with grooming, eating and moving HOME CARE GAINS FOR CANCER PATIENT ganizations, suppliers and consumers alike, about. An aide also notes temperature, pulse and are presently proceeding to gain inter­ (By Rusty Brown) and respiration rates, if needed. national consensus on a detailed approach. Among the -awful things about cancer is "We work with the patient's doctor, of We are encouraged· at the response we have that it can go on so long. course, and take recommendations from received thus far from these nations and or­ The victiins are far from well, but they him," said Ms. Snitzmier. ganizations, and would hope to have a gen- July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25631 eral meeting of all participants in the early Personal exemption ______750.00 doing so voluntarily. An individual op­ fall. Total ------10,286.00 A factor that wm bear significantly on 1976 taxable income ______29,165.00 posed to the strike may very well be off the chances of success of the Evaluation are Feaeral Income Tax Paid ___ _ 8, 881. 00 work because the strike has closed down decisions we make domestically on the U.S. New York State Income Tax his or her place of employment. Why nuclear program. In this regard, the Presi- Paid ------3,685.00 should this person and his or her family dent has proposed to reduce the funding 1 The Second District Congressional As­ be denied the benefits of food stamps? for the existing U.S. breeder program and to sociation is a non-profit membership fund Mr. Speaker, the food stamp program redirect it toward evaluation of alternative breeders, advanced converter reactors, and which holds monthly meetings to keep mem­ is designed to provide low-income and other fuel cycles, with emphasis on non-pro­ bers and the public informed about national elderly people with an adequate diet. liferation and safety concerns. He has also issues and happenings in the Congress. This year's legislation includes an in­ proposed canceling the construction of the Funds raised are used to increase the come ceiling and requires able-bodied Clinch River Breeder Reactor Demonstra­ services and information I am able to pro­ individuals to search for work. These tion Project. These actions, we are convinced, vide my constituents. are requirements that are fair and would not seriously affect long-term energy The December 31, 1976 Statement of the equitable, and they should be rigorously supplies in the United States. On the other Second District Congressional Association enforced. Denying food stamps to hand, if the Congress were to alter these follows: strikers, on the one hand, is a somewhat Presidential decisions, this would raise Income: confused attempt to use agricultural doubts about the sincerity of our non-prolif­ Dues------$3,090.00 eration policy and call into question our policy in dealing with labor disputes. Luncheons ------­ 1,582.50 Those involved in labor disputes deserve credibility with respect to our asking other Miscellaneous ------60.01 nations to pause and re-examine their pluto­ no special consideration. However an Total ------4,732.51 nium option. Expenses: amendment which denies them eligibil­ Please let me know if I can be of further Office supplies______1, 072. 64 ity for food stamps is one which also assistance to you. Mobile Office______228. 75 denies them what every citizen deserves Sincerely, Luncheons ------1,938.05 -equal treatment under the law. JOSEPH S. NYE, Bank Charges______35. 75 Deputy to the Under Secretary of State Miscellaneous ------l, 171.96 for Security Assistance. Petty Cash______138.36 Total ------4,585.51 NATIONAL ISSUES UNIFY, Balance for 1976______147.00 SPLIT lOTH DISTRICT ADULTS, STU- Statement of net worth, December 31, 1976 DENTS FINANCIAL STATEMENT Assets: Cash value, congressional retire- ment system ______6,697.77 HON. ABNER J. MIKVA Personel Property (approxi­ HON. THOMASJ. DOWNEY OF ILLINOIS mately)------5,000.00 OF NEW YORK Liab111t1es: None. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I have no outside business interest, and Thursday, July 28, 1977 Thursday, July 28, 1977 no connection with any business entity, ex­ cept in an honorary capacity, that does busi­ Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, the genera­ MI". DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, in keep­ ness with the Federal Government, or subject ing with a practice I began in 1975, I to Federal regulatory agencies. tion gap may be closing as indicated by am publishing my financial statement the agreement between my adult and for 1976. I believe that public officials high school constituents on some critical have an obligation to make a full finan­ national issues. Differences still exist, cial disclosure in order to have on the FOOD STAMPS however, in the two groups' opinions on public record the sources of all income, other pressing topics, according to the and taxes paid so that no question as results of a multi-issue questionnaire to self-enrichment or conflict of interest HON. ALLEN E. ERTEL distributed to each household and in 13 can ever arise. high schools in the 1 Oth Congressional OF PENNSYLVANIA District. My financial statement as of December IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 31, 1976 follows: Adults and their high school offspring Thursday, July 28, 1977 Income for 1976 agree on the seriousness of this coun­ Salary-U.S. House of Represent- Mr. ERTEL. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, try's energy situation, but have some atives ------$44, 600. 00 the House defeated an amendment to the differences on the way to achieve energy Other income: Food Stamp Act of 1977 which would goals. More students than adults favor Honoraria ------­ 597.00 have barred strikers from receiving food imposition of a tax on "gas guzzling" Second Congressional Associa- 1 stamps. Like many of my colleagues, I automobiles combined with a tax rebate tion ------147.00 recognize that there may be some justi­ Interest income ______11. 00 for fuel-efficient cars. Neither group likes fication for denying food stamps to the idea of a standby gasoline tax to be Total ------775.00 Total income 1976______45,355.00 those. who voluntarily engage in work imposed when the country does not meet Adjustment to income: stoppages. But in singling out strikers our energy needs. Congressional reimbursements: for special treatment-in this case, less travel, stationery, district favorable treatment-we involve our­ On an issue of particular concern to office, district office tele- selves in a hopeless series of problems me, handgun control, almost 68 percent phone ------11, 612. 00 and inconsistencies. of both the adult and high school re­ Congressional (r.,imbursable) Presumably, crime is at least as volun­ spondents said they favor a ban on the expenses: travel, stationery, manufacture, sale, and distribution of district office, district office, tary an act as going on strike. Yet, if we telephone. cost ot llving tn prohibit strikers from receiving food handguns except for the police, military, D.C., miscellaneous ______15, 116. 00 stamps, we are forced into the unten­ and licensed pistol clubs. The question Other (nonreimbursable) Con­ able position of making the families of reftected the provisions of a bill I have gressional expenses (auto­ prisoners eligible for food stamps but introduced that is before the House Ju­ mobile expenses)------2,400.00 to diciary Committee's Subcommittee on Total adjustment ______5,904.00 denying them the families of strikers. Line 15: adjusted gross Income __ 39, 451. 00 Mr. Speaker, neither the family of the Crime. Itemized deductions: striker, nor the family of the prisoner is A major question dealt with national l\1edical ------$84.00 responsible for his or her actions. To spending priorities and asked respond­ 6,607.00 TaxesInterest ------Expenses ______place hardship on these families, be­ ents to rate each area as to whether they 169.00 cause of the actions they could not infiu­ would like to have more Federal funds, Contributions ------­ 380.00 Wscellaneous Congressional ence is both cruel and unreasoned. Fur­ less, or the samJ amount spent in future Expenses ------2,296.00 thermore, Mr. Speaker, not every em­ fiscal years. The adults and high school Total ------9,536.00 ployee off work because of a strike is students agreed in indicating their pref- 256-12 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 erence for a shift to domestic spending, On two of our most controversial na­ the United States iS headed in the wrong both indicated they would like to see tional issues. the two groups generally direction. The high school students split the amount of foreign aid cut. The larg­ agreed on abortion but split sharply on almost evenly among those who think est number of adults listed energy re­ election day voter registration. Seventy­ the country is headed in the right direc­ search as their top priority for increased five percent of the adults and 54 percent tion. wrong direction. and those who are Federal funding and public assistance of the students opposed a constitutional not sure where the country is going. as the area that most of them indicated amendment to prohibit abortions. Sixty­ five percent of the adults indicated op­ More than 15,000 adults and 3,000 they would like to see cut. high school students completed the ques­ The largest percentage of high school position to election day voter registra­ tion, but more than 66 percent of the tionnaire and I believe their responses students chose pollution control as the provide valuable insight to some of the area they would like to give more Federal students supported such a procedure. backing. followed closely by energy re­ There was also an interesting differ­ key issues facing Congress. such as the search and conservation. Foreign aid ence in the attitudes of the two sets of energy question that we will be facing was the area that the largest number respondents regarding the general direc­ in the next few weeks. high school students selected for budget tion of the ~ountry. The largest group of The complete questionnaire results trimming. adult respondents said they believe that follow: RESULTS OF lOTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1977 CONSTITUENT QUESTIONNAIRE (To control Government spending, I am constantly faced with decisions about which program budget aloni with the percentage of the total budget now being allocated to that item. For each should be funded and which should not. Since our resources-your tax dollars-are limited, I item, P1 ease indicate whether you think the item should receive more of the budget, less of the must say no to many programs that cost too much. Below is a list of items that make up the Federal budget or remain the same.] [fn percent]

No No More Less Same response Right Wrong Not sure response I. Budget: 3. Do you think that Federal employees should National defense (26 percent) ______20.0 36.0 36.0 8.g be allowed to participate in election cam- Social Security (20 percent) ______21. 7 26.1 44.0 8. pai1ns, ~rovided that safe1uards exist to 1 0 45.5 45.0 8.3 1.2 He:~~~t~~~W~~)r(g ~:~i~;t ~~s-~a_r:~~ -~~~~i~- ~ _ 32.4 26.3 32. 7 8.6 4. Sh~~r~ect1~r~b~ .:" F~~r:.lil~C:I f;e~~r~~e - Public assistance ~includin1 SSI, food stamps, manufacture. sale and distribution of hand school lunch an nutrition, housinl) (6 per- f.uns except 'tor the police, military. and cent) ______------__ ------_ 9.0 60. 7 22.6 7. 7 censed ~tol clubs? ______67. 7 26.0 5.6 .7 Income securi~ (unemployment, railroad and 5. Should the 1 manned bomber project con- Federal emp oyee retirement) (6 percent) ____ 8.0 45.1 38.0 8.9 tinue to be funded? ______34.8 34. 5 28.7 2.0 Veterans benefits (4 percent) ______14.0 22.0 55.0 9.0 0 2 44. 7 15. 9 31.4 8.0 A B c ~~~e~~ ~i~ cf ~;:c~~ff_-_-_-_-:::::::::: :: : : : : : 4.7 59. 7 28.1 7.5 Revenue sharin1 (2 percent) ______20.7 26. 7 42.5 10.1 6. Which do you favor in dealin1 with the prob- Conservation, natural and water resources (2 lems of the railroads ______37.9 40.2 18.0 3.9 percent) •• _••• ------48.0 11.0 33.0 8.0 (A) Leave railroads to private enter- 34.0 21.2 36.6 8.2 prise even if this means an end to ~::f~~~~~~e~n&~t~~~(i~e\~~ifi~~~?iirci iii- most passenger service; handicappedh elderly etc.)(l percent). ______40.0 11.0 40. 7 8.3 (8) Continue Federal subsidies to 66.1 7.1 20.2 6.6 the railroads; ~~r,~~Yo~e~~~~~ol ~l ppe:(c~~i:: :: : : ::: : : : : ::: : 44. 7 14. 3 33.1 7.9 (C) Takeover of the railroads by Law enforcement (1 percent). ______._ 49.3 8.8 34.3 7.6 the Federal Government 7. Which statement is closest to your view about No national health insurance? ______34.4 32.6 28.8 4.2 Yes No Not sure response (A) Con1ress should pass com- prehensive national health insurance II. Government and conJreSSional reform: covering all illnesses and all Ameri- 0 cans; 1. Sh~~~dhf~~ ~~~~~:~~n~~Wi~r;~ :ec~enqg~~~d (B) Con1ress should confine it- to make complete disclosure of their self to catastrophic national health sources of income? ______83.4 12. 7 3.1 .8 insurance covering only a small per- centa1e of the most cosUy illness; Agree Disagree (C) We shoul:f continue to ~Y s<>lely on current medical care pro- irams and on the private insurance 2. Th!~r~~~s ~rnfl:~sb:r~to~ J!,~~~:s'!.o&,ts~~~ industry. agree or d isa1ree that there should be such a limit? ______62. 7 29. 0 7. 7 .6 No Yes No Not sure response Yes No IV. Foreign affairs: 1. Should there be Federal legislation to pro- 3. Cu!~:r1~y fin~~~~i:ei~ti~:d::~~io1~~ r ri~~~; hibit American companies from complyin1 contributions and the resultin~ in~uence 36.2 37. 5 23.8 2.5 of the contributors. Should t is kind of 2. 0ow~~~ tr~~~~atr'lh~Wnffiiifsiiiiessiio-uiif financing reform be extended to con- establish hieh tariffs or quotas on imports 0 1 1 56.9 32.0 10. 0 1.1 to protect some U.S. manufacturers and 4. Togr:~ u~~ g: ~~~res!-voter_i>_ir1iCiiiiiiion~ - American jobs, even if such action in- proposals have been to simplify voter creased costs to American consumers? ____ 30.6 55.2 12. 3 1. 9 registration by allowing a person who 3. Do r.ou think that the United States should shows proper identification to register and vote at the polling place on election ~i;~t! ~i~~~ng\~~~e l~ee~~r~~~g!~!nh~"i::~ 28.4 65.3 5. 3 1.0 5. ood;~ii ~v~~~~~ii~i; f~~~h~r~re'::~~~fco1ieie ~~e eof ~~~aafii~s~~~ ~~~ -~~ _r_~~~~~~ _~~ _ 51. 9 36.5 10.0 1.6 and replacing it with the direct popular 4. Do you think there should be a ceneral re- election of the President and Vice-Presi- duction in the sale of American arms dent? •••• _. ______------• - • ------73.5 20.6 5. 2 . 7 abroad? ______------______61. 5 25.4 11.4 1. 7 6. Sunset leeislation has been proposed that 5. Do you favor negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union for :~~i~IW~J~~t: :.~~~r~~~\eenrc~; ::a~°;, mutual arms reduction? ______81. 7 13.2 4.1 1.0 unless each a1ency could prove that its V. Energy: continued existence was in the public 1. Do you think the effective date of the Fed- interest. Do you favor such legislation? •.• 93. 0 2.3 4. 0 • 7 eral air pollution standards for new auto- 7. Do you think there is serious danaer of con- year?mobiles •• ______should be delayed beyond this fhct of interest when an individual in pri- 41.3 49.0 8.4 1. 3 vate industry serves on a Federal agency 2 · Dos~~lut~~~j~~:r:;~,~a!ft:~~~~~~;d;: ~~ ~~~e~e~~~~tet~ :~!\nid~~~~Ywh!~d hi~h~~ energy such as coal and uranium? ______38.1 43.6 16.1 2.2 her Government service ends? ______68.1 20. 2 10. 4 1. 3 3. Asd~ ~~~ ~!::~u:i'#i~gxe::~2Js c:::i~at!~~· No tomobiles alontfi with a tax rebate for t\ose Right Wrona Not sure response who purchase c most fuel efficient autos?. 46.8 44.2 7.1 1.1 Ill. General: 4. Asd~a~~· f=~~n:r:ra;~:;e~~=:;1y~ePf::r~rs 1. In Jeneral, how do you feel about the direc- cents per gallon each year that our 1aso- t1on this country seems to be headed? ____ 29.5 40.2 25. 5 4.8 line conservation gaals are not met, with with a maximum tax of 50 cents per gallon Yes No over a 10-yr period? ______32.9 54.3 10.8 2.0 2. Would you favor a constitutional amen·dment lo prohibit abortions? ______17.3 75.1 6.8 .8 July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25633 RESULTS OF lOTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 1977 CONSTITUENT QUESTIONNAIRE~ontinued [In percent)

Not No Not No Moderate Tougher sure response Right Wrong sure response 5 3. Do you think that Federal employees should · Gec~e::!~asS;~k~~o~r~~ ~i~t'f:~~r~~l~n~~~ be allowed to participate in election cam- erate in nature with a few tax incentives, paigns, provid&d that safeguards exist or one that is much tougher with strict tosure? protect ______them from any political pres- standards and biner tax penalties?. _____ 46. 9 41.4 7.8 3.9 50.8 22.8 24.4 2.0 4. Should there be a Federal law to ban the '{ery F~irly Not manufacture, sale and distribution of serious serious serious hand guns except for the police, military, and licensed pistol clubs? ______67. 5 21.0 10. 3 1. 2 6. Howis? ______serious do you think the energy crisis 5. Should the B-1 manned bomber project 49.3 39. 4 9.6 I. 7 continue to be funded? __ • ______------36.0 36.9 25.0 2.1 No A B c More Less Same response 6. Which do you favor in dealing with the problems of the railroads ______12. 8 57.6 26.4 3.2 I. Budget: (A) Leave railroads to private enter- National defense (26 percent) ______27.3 28.1 37. 5 prise even if this means an end Social Security (20 percent) ______7.1 34.4 16.0 42.4 7.2 to most passenger service; Health, medicare, medicaid, research, training, (B) Continue Federal subsidies to the construction (9 percent) ______53.8 9.1 29.2 7.9 railroads; Public assistance (including SSI, food stamps, (C) Takeover of the railroads by the school lunch and nutrition, housing) (6 percent) __ 30.5 20. 7 41.8 7.0 Federal Gov&rnment. Income security (unemployment, railroad and 7. Which statement is closest to your view Federal employee retirement) (6 percent) ______20.6 23.0 48.4 7.9 about national health insurance? ______50.6 22. 3 21. 5 5.6 Veterans benefits (4 percent) ______20.3 19. l 53.3 7.3 (A) Congress should pass comprehen- 0 61.4 6.3 24.8 7.5 9.8 42.0 40.4 7.8 ~~~rrnaiio~f' ifl~!~~hesi,ns~~~n~~I ~~~e~~Revenue~J~f~~~~~ic======sharing (2 percent) ______18.6 24.5 48.2 8. 7 Americans; Conservation, natural and water resources (2 (8) Congress should confine itself to percent) ______---- ____ ---- ____ 65.0 4.7 22.4 7.9 catastrophic national health Employee and job training (l percent) ______40.4 11. l 41.3 7.2 insurance, covering only a small Social services (vocational rehabilitation, aid to P.ercentage of the most costly handicapped, elderly. etc.) (l percent) ______50.4 6.3 36.3 7.0 illnesses; Energy research (1 percent) ______65.2 4. 7 22.9 7.1 (C) We should continue to rely sol&ly Pollution control (1 percent) ______68.8 4.8 20.4 6.0 on current medical care pro- Law enforcement (1 percent) ______51.6 7.9 33.3 7.1 grams and on the private insur- ance industry. No Yes No Not sure response Not No Yes No sure response 11. Government and congressional reform: l. Should the President, Members of Congress, IV. Foreign affairs: and high Government officials be required 1. Should there be Federal legislation to pro- hibit American companies from comply- to make complete disclosure of their ing with the Arab boycott?. ______sources of income? ______------__ 64. l 16.1 18.1 33.5 20. 5 41. 7 4. 3 1.6 2. Do you think that the United States should --- Agree Disagree establish high tariffs or quotas on im- ports to protect some U.S. manufacturers and American jobs, even if such action 2. Th~:r~T~~s cf~~g~!~C~~sa ~;md~~;:s~~si~~ increased costs to American consumers? __ _ 31. 5 39.8 24. 7 4.0 you agree or disagree that there should be 3. Do f;ou think that the United States should such a limit______53.9 28.3 16. 5 1.2 ri:fit: \1~~~ngt~~\e ~gee~~~l~g~~~nh~=~ such encouragement may be resented by Yes No some of our allies? ______------47. 2 28.0 20.8 4.0 3. Currently, Presidential elections are fed- 4. Do you think there should be a general reduc.tion in the sale of American arms erally financed in order to limit private abroad? ______contributions and the resulting influence 61.8 17.9 15. 9 4.5 of the contributors. Should this kind of 5. Do you favor negotiations between the financing reform be extended to congres- United States and the Soviet Union for mutual arms reduction? ______------65.2 15.8 14.6 4.5 sional elections? ______38. 7 29.2 29.2 2.8 4. To encourage greater voter participation, V. Enerp :Do you think the effective date of the proposals have been made to simplify Federal air pollution standards for new voter registration by allowing a person automobiles should be delayed beyond who shows proper identification to register this year?_. ______and vote at the polling place on election 19. 8 61. 3 14. 6 4.3 day. Do you favor such proposals? ______2. Do you favor requiring large oil companies 66.4 20.6 11.1 2.0 to sell their interests in alternate sources 5. Do you favor abolishing the Electoral College of energy such as coal and uranium? ______44.3 20.2 30.4 5.1 :r~ti~~'~lir~ei~;;;~ti~;~: a~dev~le0 ~~!!~ 3. As a way of encouraging energy conserva- i dent? ______------__ ---- ____ tion, do you favor a stiff tax on "gas 57.2 20.0 20. 8 2.0 iuzzling" automobiles along with a tax re- 6. Sunset legislation has been proposed that ate for those who purchase the most fuel ~~~/~,~~r~~~~t: ~~~~r~lu~~rc~fs y!~~~~ efficient autos?.. __ ------____ 49. 2 31.5 13. 8 5. 5 unless each agency could prove that its 4. Asd~a~~ff:~0~n;rs'~~g~;e~~=~\Y~eP{::r~,m5 continued existence was in the public cents per gallon each year that our gas- 0 52.0 9.9 36.1 2.0 oline conservation goals are not met, with 1. OC:~~~~hT~ t~~~:f:~~~i~~~ '~:~s':~i~nor.:- a maximum tax of 50 cents per gallon flict of interest when an indivi~ual in pri- over a 10-yr period? •••• ______25.9 45. 5 23.1 5. 5 vate industry serves on a Federal agency ------that regulates that industry, and then Moder- moves back to the industry when his or ate Tougher Government service ends? ______44.6 21.5 31. 9 2.0 5. Generally speaking, do you favor an energy Not No conservation program that is largely Right Wrong sure response moderate in nature with a few tax in- centives, or one that is much tougher Ill. General: with strict standards and bigger tax 1. In Jenera(, how do you feel about the di rec- penalties? ______------35. 3 36.1 22.2 6.3 t1on this country seems to be headed? ____ 34.0 33.6 31.2 1.2 Very Fairly Not Yes No serious serious serious 2. Would you favor a constitutional amenLeonor Sullivan, now retired are causing families to become serious about EER = 8) , 1 Y:.i kwh/hr, 5 cents/hr. from Congress. Their support and leader­ home energy conservation. Floor, wall heater, gas, total usage, Ya Th/ ship played an essential role in securing hr, 5.5 cents/ hr; pilot usage (l,000 Btu/hr), Large and small household appliances, legislative authorization for remanning %, Th/day, 4 cents/day. the station and ultimately in the saving heating and cooling systems and lighting are Furnace, gas, central forced air, total usage the energy users, but how much energy goes ( 100,000 Btu/hr rating), Y:.i kwh plus 1 Th/ of the young boys' lives. for what? As a first step in conserving energy hr, 19 cents/hr; pilot usage ( 1,000 Btu/hr), Mr. Speaker, I submit for the RECORD at home, families should become familiar %, Th/day, 4 cents/day. and the consideration of all my col­ with figures. Portable heater, electric, 1,500 watt, 1 Y:z leagues the letter I received from the Review your family's energy-consuming kwh/hr, 5 cents/hr. grandfather of Robert Quaife, expressing equipment and activities. Then refer to the following table, compiled from ut111ty com­ ENTERTAINMENT his appreciation for the remanning of the pany tests and industry statistics, to see how Radio-photograph, 1/10 kwh/hr, .35 cent/ station. I also include a newspaper ac­ much energy each activity consumes. The hr. count of the rescue which appeared in table shows the typical cost of each activity. TV-black and white, %, kwh/hr, 1 cent/ the Cook County News-Herald on June The typical energy costs were computed hr. 16, 1977: using 3.5 cents per kilowatt-hour and 17 TV~olor, Ya kwh/hr, 1 cent/hr. GRAND MARAIS, MINN., cents per therm, typical rates for many parts TV-instant-on feature, from 4-43 kwh/ June 28, 1977. of the United States. If you know your local mo., 14 cents--$1.50/mo. Hon. JAMES OBERSTAR, rates, you can get a better picture. Local Representative, Eighth Congressional Dis­ rates can be obtaine~ by contacting your trict of Minnesota, Washington, D.C. local utility company. One kilowatt-hour is DEAR MR. OBERSTAR: Thank you for your 1,000 watts of electricity used for 1 hour, and COAST GUARD RESCUE AT GRAND efforts in the re-establishment of the United one therm of natural gas is approximately MARAIS, MINN. States Coast Guard unit at the Grand Mara.is the heat energy produced by 100 cubic feet North Superior Station. Already their value of natural gas. and worth has been proven for the com­ Activity, with estimated use in kwh or Th HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR munity and North Shore area, in the rescue and energy cost a~ 3.5 cents/kwh or 17 cents/ OF MINNESOTA of two young boys who overturned in a canoe Th. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on Lake Superior. LIGHTING One of the boys was my grandson, and I am Thursday, July 28, 1977 General household, 3 kwh/ day, 10.5 cents/ gra.te!ul that the Coast Guard was available. day. Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, I would Their quick work in response to this call Outdoor gas light, single mantle, % Th/ like to share with my colleagues one of surely averted what would have been a day, 8.5 cents/day. tragedy. the most personally rewarding experi­ The Coast Guard has a fine group of boys FOOD PREPARATION ences I have had since becoming a Mem­ there. Dishwasher, electricity for normal cycle, ber of Congress. Yours sincerely, 1 kwh/load, 3.5 cents/load; electricity re­ The Subcommittee on the Coast Guard MAURICE D. QUAIFE. quired for hot water, 3 kwh/load, 10.5 cents/ and Navigation last year approved an load; gas required for hot water (hot water amendment I offered to the fiscal year COAST GUARD PLUCKS BOYS FROM CHILLY BAY consumption-15 gals.), Ya Th/load, 3 cents/ 1977 Coast Guard budget to authorize Two Grand Marais boys can be especially load. thankful that Coast Guard Station North Freezer-frostless, 15 cu. ft., 5 kwh/day, the remanning of the Coast Guard Superior was re-opened this year. 17.5 cents/day. Search and Rescue Station at Grand Dan McNelly, 14, and Robert Quaife, 12, Freezer-manual defrost, 15 cu. ft., 3 kwh/ Marais, Minn. The station had been were plucked by the Coast Guard from the day, 10.5 cents/day. closed in 1973. chilly waters of Lake Superior Monday after- July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25635 noon, June 13, only minutes after their canoe their supporters. This explains their con­ Page 9, insert after line 5 the following: capsized. Dan is the son of Mr. and Mrs. stant use of a double standard. (e} Section 6 (29 U.S.C. 206) is amended Chester McNelly, and Robert is the son of Unable or unwilling to compete at the by inserting at the end the following: Mr. and Mrs. Steve Quaife. "(g) (1) (A} The minimum wage prescribed The youths were traveling in the Grand desired higher levels of society, special by subsection (a} (1) for the year beginning Marais Harbor when their canoe overturned. interests seek to gain control of the pow­ January 1, 1979, and for each year thereafter Dan's brother, who was on shore at the time er of the state as a means of advancing shall take effect as prescribed by that sub­ of the mishap, ran to the Grand Marais power their specific desires at the expense of section unless, between the date of the trans­ plant to get help. others. Such groups in the United States mittal under subsection (a} of the average The Coast Guard was called by the power . have steadily taken the offensive over hourly earnings on which such wage 1s to plant at 2:C>5 p.m., and at 2:07 the station's past decades and gained their bureau­ be based and the end of the first period of 40-foot utility boat was underway. cratic positions of State power, directly thirty calendar days of continuous session It took but three minutes for Coxswain of Congress after the date on which such John Brecke to maneuver the vessel along or indirectly. However, in the case at earnings are transmitted, either House passes side the boys to make the rescue. At 2: 18 hand they have come full circle, passing a resolution stating in substance that the p.m., the youngsters were under a hot shower from the offensive to the defensive in a House does not favor the wage rate pre­ at the Coast Guard Station, and were soon frantic effort to conserve their interests. scribed to go in effect for such year. If picked up by their parents. Having identified "progress" strictly up­ either House so passes such a resolution, the Water temperature in the harbor Monday on the observable advancement of their minimum wage rate for such year shall be was estimated to be 43 degrees. Life expec­ interests, any challenge to their privi­ the minimum wage rate in effect for the tancy in water that cold is a half hour or leged use of power is viewed as reaction­ preceding year. less. However, arms and legs can go numb ary and unprogressive in absolute terms. "(B) For purposes of this subsection- and become useless in much less time. The " (i) continuity of session is broken only boys were in the water for an estimated ten It is, in reality, unprogressive only in by an adjournment of Congress sine die; and minutes. terms relative to themselves. It is a per­ "(11) the days on which either House is not Chief Gary Fox said the boys were clinging version of justice and liberty when Gov­ in session because of an adjournment of to the canoe, which he said was the proper ernment action is embraced as the in­ more than three days to a day certain are thing to do, rather than try to swim to shore. strument of progress. excluded in the computation of any period While they had seat cushions on board, the It is not unfair to say that bureaucrats of time in which Congress 1s in continuous boys were not wearing life jackets. Coast are little more than professional rulers. session. Guard officials cautioned that such jackets "(2) For the purpose of this subsection, should be worn at all times, especially while In the Soviet Union or Red China this 'resolution' means only a resolution of either on Lake Superior. class is known as the Communist Party, House of Congress, the matter after the re­ The canoe, which was motorized, tipped and in the United States and Europe it solving clause of which is as follows: 'That over when they turned to avoid hitting a is known as the civil service. the does not favor the minimum wage large stick in the water. Today, bureaucrats originate legisla­ rate prescribed by section 6(a) (1) of the "It was really cold," Robert recalled later, tion which enlarges the scope of their Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 for the "it was like ice water." He said they hung governmental power, offering them iden­ year beizinning on , 19 .' The blank onto the cushions and tried to climb on top tifiable gains and benefits without fear spaces therein are to be filled appropriately. of the canoe to get out of the water as much of incurring the costs. And they can al­ "(3) (A) No later than the first day of as possible. ways rely on their allies among the lib­ session following the day on which earn­ "I don't think I could have held on much ings _are transmitted to the House of Rep­ longer, because it was so cold," Robert added. eral academics--such as those at the resentatives and the Senate under subsection "When I heard the Coast Guard boat coming, University of California medical school (a), a resolution shall be introduced (by I was hoping they would come even quicker." at Davis-to support them with much request) in the House by the chairman of The boys were brought to the North Shore scholarly pomp and argument because the Education and Labor Committee of the Hospital following their rescue. State-run academia is itself bureaucratic House, or by a Member or Members of the It was only last May 20 that two young and possessed of the same nature. House designated by such chairman; and women from Thunder Bay were not so lucky. shall be introduced (by request) in the Sen­ Simply put, it is unlikely that a people ate by the chairman of the Human Resources They drowned near Hovland when their canoe under a democracy or even a constitu­ capsized. Authorities blamed the extremely Committee of the Senate, or by a Member cold water of the big lake as the chief cause tional republic when matched against a or Members of the Senate designated by of death of the young women. bloated internal bureaucracy, can expect such chairman. The Coast Guard's 40-foot ut111ty boat ar­ any more liberty or control over their "(B} A resolution shall be referred to the rived in Grand Marais on May 17. own lives than was available under Committee on Human Resources of the Sen­ feudal serfdom-as Mr. Alan Bakke will ate and the Committee on Education and undoubtedly discover this fall. Labor of the House by the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Rep­ resentatives, as the case may be. The com­ REVERSE DISCRIMINATION mittee shall make its recommendations to AMENDMENT TO H.R. 3744 the House of Representatives or the Senate, respectively, within 15 calendar days of con­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS tinuous session of Congress following the OF mAHO HON. JOHN J. CAVANAUGH date of such resolution's introduction. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEBRASKA "(4) If the committee to which is referred IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, July 28, 1977 a resolution introduced pursuant to para­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 graph (3) (or, in the absence of such a Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, Alan Bakke, resolution, the first resolution introduced a white applicant to the University of Mr. CAVANAUGH. Mr. Speaker, in with respect to the same wage rate) has California medical school at Davis, has yesterday's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, an not reported such resolution or identical res­ been rejected in favor of less qualified amendment which I plan to offer dur­ olution at the end of 15 calendar days of ing the consideration of H.R. 3744, which continuous session of Congress after its in­ minority-group applicants. He has right­ troduction, such committee shall be deemed ly claimed "reverse discrimination." His would amend the Fair Labor Standards to be discharged from further consideration case will be heard by the Supreme Court Act, was printed. However, there are sev­ of such resolution and such resolution shall this fall. Those who have spoken out for eral technical changes in that amend­ be placed on the appropriate calendar of the the university's position of using such ment which I would like to call to the House involved. discrimination include, without excep­ attention of my colleagues. The changes "(5) (A) When the committee has re­ tion every Government agency, including appear on pages 1 and 5, and I am here­ ported, or has been deemed to be discharged HEW, the Civil Service Commission, and with submitting for the consideration of (under paragraph (4)) from further con­ my colleagues the corrected amend­ sideration of, a resolution with respect to a the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. wage rate, it is at any time thereafter in Why? ment: order (even though a previous motion to the Because it is the nature of bureaucracy, AMENDMENT TO H.R. 3744, As REPORTED same effect has been disagreed to) for any whatever the form of the political sys­ OFFERED BY MR. CAVANAUGH Member of the respective House to move to tem. The bureaucrats who occupy Gov­ Page 5, strike out "November l" each place proceed to the consideration of the resolu­ it occurs in line 19 and insert in lieu there­ tion. The motion i.s highly privllei;!'ed and is ernment agencies have their own self­ of "September 10". not debatable. The motion shall not be interests at heart and that of their bene­ Page 5, llne 21, insert after "period" the subject to amendment, or to a motion to ficiaries and allies. They are not sensitive following: "and, for purposes of subsection postpone or a motion to proceed to the con­ to or concerned about justice or equity, (g}, shall transmit such earnings to both sideration of other business. A motion to only self-preservation of themselves and Houses of Congress on the same day". reconsider the vote by which the motion is 25636 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 1977 agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in 25-percent threshold corresponds to his­ investment of such person for such year, order. If a motion to proceed to the con­ toric spending trends among producers, over sideration of the resolution is agreed to, the and insures that they will spend the nor­ "(2) a.n amount equal to the plowback resolution shall remain the unfinished busi­ mal amount of their own funds in ex­ threshold of such person for such year. ness of the respective House until disposed of. "(d) PLOWBACK THRESHOLD.- "(B) Debate on the resolution, and on all ploration and production before they are " ( 1) IN GENERAL.-For purposes of this sec­ debatable motions and appeals in connection eligible for the credit. Producers would tion, the plowba.ck threshold of any person therewith, shall be limited to not more than not get a credit unless they spend addi­ for calendar year 1978 is an amount equal to ten hours, which shall be divided equally tional money to increase crude oil or the sum of the amounts determined under between individuals favoring and individuals natural gas supplies. Only a 90-percent pa.re.graph (2) for each property with respect opposing the resolution. A motion further credit is provided, so producers must risk to which the deduction for depletion under to limit debate is in order and not debatable. some of their own money. section 611 is allowable to such person for An amendment to, or a motion to postpone, such year. a motion to proceed to the consideration of Producers would not be permitted to "(2) AMOUNT FOR EACH PROPERTY.- other business, or a motion to recommit the have double tax benefits under this pro­ "(A) IN GENERAL.-The amount deter­ resC'lution is not in order. A motion to recon­ vision. Normal income tax credits would mined under this para.graph with respect to sider the vote by which the resolution is be disallowed to the extent of the credit. the property of any person for calendar year agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. Our amendment addresses the issue 1978 is an amount equal to 25 percent of the "(C) Immediately followtng the conclu­ of furthering the incentives to find and gross income of such person from such prop­ sion of the debate on the resolution with produce new sources of oil and natural erty (within the meaning of section 613(a)) respect to a wage rate, and a single quorum gas. It is a reasonable approach we hope for such year. call at the conclusion of the debate if re­ "(B) LIMITATION BASED ON 75 PERCENT o:r quested in accordance with the rules of the all of our colleagues could support, and TAXABLE INCOME.-The amount determined appropriate House, the vote on flnal approval at this time, we wish to ask the Chair's under this paragraph for any property for of the resolution shall occur. permission to have the entire amend­ calendar year 1978 shall not exceed an "(D) Appeals from the decisions of the ment printed in the RECORD. amount equal to 75 percent of the taxable in­ Chair relating to the application of the rules The amendment follows: come of such person from such property for of the Senate or the House of Representa­ AMENDMENT TO H.R. 8444, AS INTRODUCED, such year. For purposes of the preceding sen­ tives, as the case may be, to the procedure OFFERED BY Ma. JONES OF OKLAHOMA AND tence, the taxable income from a property relating to a resolution with respect to a MRS. SCHROEDER shall be determined by taking the taxable wage rate shall be decided without debate.". Page 391, line 4, after the item relating to income from such property (within the "(E) This section is enacted by Congress­ section 4988 insert the following new item: meaning of section 613(a.)) for such year, .. ( i) as a.n exercise of the rulema.king "SEC. 4989. Plowback credit against tax." computed with the allowance for depletion power of the Senate and the House of Rep­ Page 394, strike out line 18 and a.11 that and without any deduction for any qua.lifled resentatives, respectively, and as such they follows through line 21 and insert in lieu investment with respect to such property are deemed a part of the rules of each House, thereof the following: made in such period. respectively, but applicable only with respect "(1) LIABILITY FOR TAX.-The person en­ "(e) QUALIFIED INVESTMENT.-For purposes to the procedure to be foll~ed in that House titled to the deduction under section 611 for of this section, the qua.lifted investment of in the case of resolutions described in this depletion with respect to the con.trolled any person for calendar year 1978 is the section; and they supersede other rules only crude oil shall be liable for the tax imposed a.mount pa.id or incurred by such person for to the extent that they are inconsistent by section 4986 (a) on the flrst purchase such year (with respect to areas within the therewith; and thereof to the extent of such person's eco­ United States) for- "(11) with full recognition of the constitu­ nomic interest in such oll. "( l) intangible drilling and development tional right of either House to change the Page 395, strike out line 5 and a.11 that costs described in section 263(c); rules (so far a.s relating to the procedure of follows through line 15 and insert in lieu "(2) geological and geophysical costs; that House) at any time, in the same manner thereof the following: "(3) drilling any nonproductive well; and to the same extent as in the case of any "(B) ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF COLLECTING " ( 4) the construction, reconstruction, other rule of that House.". TAx.-The Secretary may by regulations pro­ erection, or acquisition of- vide for the collection of the tax imposed by "(A) any depreciable asset used for the section 4986 (a.) from the flrst purchaser or a. exploration for, the development of, or the SCHROEDER-JONES PLOWBACK subsequent purchaser, user, or exporter of production of crude oil or natural gas, or AMENDMENT the controlled crude oil to which such tax "(B) any pipeline used for gathering crude applies. oil or natural gas from wells in a fleld (or Page 406, line 18, strike out the quotation under a. lease) to the point a.t which the flrst marks and after such line insert the follow­ purchase of such crude on or natural gas HON. JAMES R. JONES ing: occurs; OF OKLAHOMA " ( 5) the secondary or tertiary recovery of "SEC. 4989. PLOWBACK CREDrr AGAINST TAX. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crude oil or natural gas; or "(a.) ALLOWANCE OF CREDIT.-There shall "(6) the acquisition of on-shore crude oil Thursday, July 28, 1977 be allowed to each person liable for the tax or natural gas leases. imposed by section 4986 (a.) for calendar year "(f) Denial of Double Benefit for Qua.lifleSe this unneces­ zona. 85009 the a.mount of qualified investment of such sary bill that the President and would-be Thryle H. Stapley, The o. s. Stapley Com­ person for such year. appointees to this superfluous agency are pany, 3020 W. Windsor Avenue, Phoenix, "(2) DEPRECIABLE EXPENDITUBES.-If credit trying to stampede through Congress. Arizona. 85009 is allowed under subsection (a.) to any per­ Among the dissenters are 170 firms in Ted Valdez, Valdez Transfer, Inc., 422 So. son for ca.Ienda.r year 1978 for any expendi­ my home State of Arizona, nearly twice 33rd Ave. Phoenix, Arizona. 85009 ture which ls of a. character subject to the t.he backers that Mr. Carter claimed to Gary L. Cuthbertson, Gary Outdoor Adv., a.nows.nee for depreciation, the increase in have. P.O. Box 16125, Phoenix, Arizona. 85011 the basis of any property which would (but Mike Armstrong, First Federal Savings, for this pa.rs.graph) result from such expend­ To set the record straight, I insert in 3003 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. 85012 iture shall be reduced by a.n a.mount which the RECORD at this point the names of James P. Dille, Diversified Trans. Services, bes.rs the same ratio to the a.mount of credit these companies that do not want Uncle 6536 N. Central Phoenix, Arizona 85012. allowed under subsection (a.) to such person Sam to create another burgeoning bu­ David C. Lincoln, VIKA Corp., 55 E. for such year as the a.mount of such expendi­ reaucracy, and who oppose further in­ Thomas Rd., Phoenix, Arizona. 85012 ture bears to the a.mount of qua.lifted invest­ M. R. West, M. R. West Marketing Research ment of such person for such year. cursion into the marketplace by those who think only they know best what Inc., 221 E. Indianola., Phoenix, Arizona "(3) DEPLETABLE EXPENDITURES.- 85012 "(A) EXPENDITURES TO WHICH COST DEPLE­ American consumers should be allowed to Clive N. Jordan, Park Central Properties, TION APPLIEs.-If credit is allowed under buy and use. 3121 N. 3rd Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. 85013 subsection (a.) to any person for calendar The names are as follows: George Kennedy, New York Life No. 2034, year 1978 for any expenditure to which the ARIZONA 100 W. Clarendon, Phoenix, Arizona 85013 allows.nee for cost depletion under section Thomas L. Wasson, First Federal Savings, 612 applies, the increase in the basis of any Circle K Corporation, Phoenix, Arizona. 85001 5037¥2 N. 7th Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. 85013 property which would (but for this para­ Dean Coulter, Coulter Ca.dilla.c, Inc., 1188 graph) result from such expenditure shall Timothy J. Walsh, Walsh Bros., P.O. Box 1711 (1636 N. Central Ave.), Phoenix, Arizona. E. Ca.melba.ck Road, Phoenix, Arizona. 85014 be reduced by an a.mount which bes.rs the William A. Ha.uprich, Burns Harrelson same ratio to the credit allowed under sub­ 85001 James Q. Anderson, First Federal Savings, Burns, 5045 N. 12th St., Phoenix, Arizona section (a.) to such person for such year as 85014 - the a.mount of such expenditure bears to the 3003 N. Central, Phoenix, Arizona 85002 James Soudriette, The Galaxy Organiza­ Linda Da.id, John D. Noble & Assoc., 5800 amount of qua.lifted investment of such per­ N. 19th Ave., Phoenix, Arizona 85015 son for such year. tion, 11 West Jefferson St., Phoenix, Arizona Robert A. Evans, Evans Fine Floors & "(g) GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL COSTS.­ 85003 Jack Camper, Phoenix Chamber of Com­ Furnishing, Inc., 1650 W. Ca.melback Rd., For purposes of this section, the term 'geo­ Phoenix, Arizona 85015 logical and geophysical costs' means any merce, 805 N. 2nd St., Phoenix, Arizona. 85004 Robert P. Cowie, Lasher-Cowie Agency, Inc., Kenneth E. Harshman, John D. Noble & a.mount pa.id or incurred for the purposes of Assoc., 5800 N. 19th Ave., Phoenix, Arizona ascertaining the existence, location, extent, 1807 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. 85004 Ha.le Gammill, Sears Arizona. School of 85015 or quality of any deposit of crude oil or nat­ Harvey Hawthorne, Childress Buick Co., ural gas." Driving, 301 East Roosevelt, Phoenix, Arizona. 85004 2223 w. Camelba.ck Rd., Phoenix, Arizona Page 409, after line 19, insert the following 85015 new subsection: Curtis Gielow, President, Multihealth Cor­ poration, 1427 N. Third St., Phoenix, Arizona J. F. Hughes, 2213 W. Keim Dr., Phoenix, (a) EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL EQUALIZATION 85004 Arizona 85015 & TAXES ON CltUDE OIL PRICING.-For purposes Lee T. Hanley, Coldwell Banker Commercial Hugh Littlebury, John D. Noble Associ­ of the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act Brokerage, 2346 N. Central, Phoenix, Arizona. ates Realty, 5800 N. 19th Ave., Phoenix, Ari­ of 1973 as amended, the tax imposed by sec­ 85004 zona. 85015 Marty Marino, John D. Noble & Assoc., tion 4986 (a) shall not be considered an ele­ Herbert R. Herington, Metal Treating In­ 5800 N. 19th Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. 85015 ment of the celUng price applicable to the stitute, 1800 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. first sale of crude -011 under section 4 (a.) of 85004 John D. Noble, John D. Noble & Associates, 5800 N. 19th Ave., Phoenix, Arizona 85015 such Act. Martin J. Jacobs, Phoenix Personnel Serv­ Marvin Purgear, Purgear, Darrell & Assoc., Page 410, line 23, strlke out "section 4987 ice, 1525 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, Arizona 1777 W. Camelback, Phoenix, Arizona. 85015 ( c) " and insert in lieu thereof "sections 4987 85004 (c) and 4989". Rick Rutherford, John D. Noble & Assoc., David C. Lincoln, Lincoln Laser Co., 625 S. 5800 N. 19th Ave., Phoenix, Arizona 85015 Page 413, strike out lines 13 and 14 and 5th St., Phoenix, Arizona. 85004 Michael Sgrlllo, John D. Noble & Assoc., insert in lieu thereof the following: Pa.trick Ma.lone, Malone Security Service, 5800 N. 19th Ave., Phoenix, Arizona. 85015 "schools, and churches), 4987(c) (1) (relating Inc., 327 East McDowell, Phoenix, Arizona. Marvin G. Young, Young Sales Company, to credits or payments to refiners who use 85004 Inc., 4524 N. 19th Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona crude oil), or 4989 (relating to plowback Ed Survaunt, CAMSCO, 1810 S. 19th Ave., 85015 credit against tax),". Phoenix, Arizona. 85005 Dennis S. Martin, Dennis Martin's Chevron, Eddie Reyes, Electrical Equip. Co., 205 So. 1949 E. Osborn, Phoenix, Arizona. 85016 29th St., Phoenix, Arizona. 85006 Dick Ruecker, Arizona. Association Admin­ A. R. Campbell, Phoenix Brick Yard, 1814 istrators, 3334 No. 20th St., Phoenix, Arizona U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE S. 7 Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85007 85016 SURVEY Ivan D. Johnson, Arizona. Cable Television Carol Ward, Marjan Ceramics, 3418 N. 24th Association, 1812 West Monroe, Suite 212, St., Phoenix, Arizona. 85016 Phoenix, Arizona. 85007 Don Ellis, American Plbg. Supply Co., 2950 HON. JOHN J. RHODES Art-Press Printers, Inc., 1221 West Pierce, Grand Ave., Phoenix, Arizona 85017 Wllliam Beal, Beal & Associates Inc. Coun­ OF ARIZONA Phoenix, Arizona. 85007 Frank T. Reuter, Reuter Equipment Com­ selor Inc., 4350 E. Ca.melba.ck Rd., Phoenix, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pany, 1802 W. Jackson St., Phoenix, Arizona. Arizona. 85018 Thursday, July 28, 1977 85007 George H. Clements, Clements Realty, 4530 N. 4oth St., Phoenix, Arizona. 85018 Jim Silvins, Arizona. Licensed Beverage As­ Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, in his zeal sociation, 2310 N. 15th Ave. Suite No. 11, Ross Emmott, The Estes Co., 3240 E. Camel­ ba.ck Rd., Phoenix, Arizona. 85018 t.o whomp up a bandwagon image of over- Phoenix, Arizona 85007 25638 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19·77

Burton Faigen, Ware, Sigler & Faigen, P.O. & Dev. Corp., 6065 E. University Dr., Mesa, Building, Materials, 550 8th St., P.O. Box 472, Box 6657, Phoenix, Arizona 85018 Arizona 85205 Yuma, Arizona 85364 Raymond E. Germaine, Jr., Wagon Wheel Lloyd Whellen, Desert Sage Water Com­ Robert L. Ruch, Ruch Insurance Agency, Appliance, Inc., 4322 E . Thomas Rd., Phoenix, pany, 220 N. Crismon Road, Mesa, Arizona. 540 E. 32nd Street, Yuma, Arizona 85364 Arizona. 85018 85207 Jim Spencer, Arizona. Public Service Co., John H. Albright, Paradise Cabinet Shop, Lloyd Wbellen, Sahuaro Construction Com­ 190 W. 14th Street, Yuma, Arizona. 85364 Inc., 3645 North 40th Avenue, Phoenix, Ari­ pany, 220 North Crismon Road, Mesa, John T. Underhill, Underhill Transf. Co., zona. 85019 Arizona 85207 1965 Factor Ave., Yuma, Arizona 85364 Daniel A. Anderson, A & B Screw Ma.chine B111 Whetten, W.R. Investment Company, James M. Willen, Arica! Paper Products Prod., Inc., 9233 No. 12th Ave., Phoenix, Ari­ 9950 E. Apache Tr., Mesa., Arizona. 85207 Co., P.O. Box 4207, Yuma, Arizona. 85364 zona. 85021 John R . Blackburn, The Chandler Ari­ Dave H1llger, Globe Property Exchange, Ernie Modzelewski, 910 w. El Camino, zonan, 117 W. W1lliams Field Road, P.O. Box 341 S. Hill, Globe, Arizona. 85501 Phoenix, Arizona 85021 368, Chandler, Arizona 85224 Donald E. Shores, Shores Communication Walter B. Baxter, First Fed. Sa.v., 101 E. Chandler Chamber of Commerce, 201 E. Service, P.O. Box 2626, Globe, Arizona. 85501 Tam O Shanter, Phoenix, Arizona 85022 Commonwealth Ave., Chandler, Arizona Phil Curtis, Curtis Equip. Inc., 722 Main Robert E. Shank, 9226 N. 33rd Way, Phoe­ 85224 St., Safford, Arizona 85546 nix, Arizona 85028 Grant R . Ward, Gen. Mgr., Roosevelt Water John W. Mason, Southern Arizona. Auto Stephen A. Orcutt, V.P., Phoenix Traffic Conservation District, P.O. Box 168, Higley, Co., 1200 G Ave., Douglas, Arizona 85607 Service, Inc., 1109 N. 2nd St., Phoenix, Ari­ Arizona. 85236 William J. English, Greater San Pedro zona. 85030 J. J. Callahan, Bayly, Martin & Fay, 69090 Ranches, Inc., P.O. Box 1604, Sierra Vista, Paul P. Cronin, Automotive Service Coun­ Ea.st Osborn, Scotts Dale, Arizona 85251 Arizona 85635 cils of AZ, 14 So. 41st Place, Phoenix, Arizona Dennis June, McGea's Indian Den, 7239 1st Arthur B. Waller, Waller & Assocs. Adr. 85031 Ave., Scottsdale, Arizona 85251 Inc., 32 N. Stone Ave., Tucson, Arizona 85701 Leroy Bridges, Arizona Farm Bureau Fed­ David Macintyre, Ed. Post Realty, 4333 N. Carl D. Rex, Jr., Tucson Pipe & Supply Co., eration, 2618 S. 21 St., Phoenix, Arizona. Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251 Inc., P.O. Box 1948, 195 So. Tyndall, Tucson, 85034 Gary K. Herberger, Herberger Enterprises, Arizona. 85702 Paul P . Cronin, Executive Dir., Automotive Inc., 7045 E. Ca.melba.ck Road, Suite A, P.O. Si Davis, Arizona Sa.sh & Door Co., 657 St. Service Councils of Arizona., 14 So. 41st Place, Box 2083, Scottsdale, Arizona., 85252 Marys Rd., Tucson, Arizona. 85703 Phoenix, Arizona 85034 Donald L. Catt, Hill Brothers Chemical, John H. Ha.ugh, President, Tucson Tallow Sherry J. Dalgleish, Exec. V .P., D-Velco 6901 E. Belmont, Paradise Valley, Arizona Co., Inc., 3928 N. Fairview, Tucson, Arizona Manufacturing of Arizona, 401 S. 36th Street, 85253 85705 -..... Phoenix, Arizona 85034 R. B . Howland, W. A. Krueger Co., 7301 Robert Murray, We.yard Winds Lodge, 707 Peter A. Strupp, President, East Side Elec­ E. Helm Dr., Scottsdale, Arizona. 85260 W. Miralle Mile, Tucson, Arizona 85705 tric Supply, Inc., 35 S. 40th Street, Phoenix, R. Thomas Lober, Gen. Mgr., Tempe Cham­ Leonard Sabel, President, Apache Trailer Arizona. 85034 ber of Commerce, 508 E. Southern Ave., Sales, Inc., 2844 Miracle Mile, Tucson, Arizona Henry Triesler, Precision Grinding, Inc., Tempe, Arizona 85281 85705 1411 East Hadley, Phoenix, Arizona 85034 William A. Marscin, Joane Marscin, 1741 S. Gerald J. Gonda, Tri-Tronics, Inc., 7060 E. John T. Van Der Werf, Border Products Shannon, Tempe, Arizona 85281 21st Street, Tucson, Arizona. 85710 Corp., 4120 East Madison, Phoenix, Arizona. Ted Brennan, Brennan Petroleum Products William D. Roh, Rob's Inc., 5443 E. Broad­ 85034 Co., 2903 Fairway Drive, Tempe, Arizona way, Tucson, Arizona. 85711 Wi111a.m H. Wallace, President, Bews & 85282 Jack Redmond, Tucson Chamber of Com­ Wallace Co., Inc., 2515 E. University Ave., W . W. Brooks, Sullbrook Service, Inc., 2420 merce, P.O. Box 991, Tucson, Arizona. 85715 Phoenix, Arizona 85034 S. Industrial Park Ave., Tempe, Arizona 85282 Ronald R. Sutherland, President, South­ Gene Evraets, Tanner Comoanies, 2606 s. Norman B. Conkle, Western American, 2200 western Pa.int & Varnish Co., 3850 E. Speed­ 40th St., Phoenix, Arizona 85036 S. Parest Dr., Suite 111, Tempe, Arizona. 85282 way Blvd., Tucson, Arizona. 85716 John B . Glenn, Electrical Equipment Co., Arlene M . Grimm, Road Runner Chemical Jay Brandon, Dumas Products, Inc., 909 E. 2055 S. 29th St., Phoenix, Arizona 85036 Co., Inc., 1220 W. Alameda., P.O. Box 26873, 17th St., Tucson, Arizona. 85719 Wilmer E. Harper, Auto Safety House, 4343 Tempe, Arizona. 85282 S. P. Miller, President, H. C. Dainty, Vice E. Washington, Phoenix, Arizona 85036 Joseph M. Lawlor, First Fed. Sav. & Loan, President, Glover & Miller Air Cond., Inc., 321 Howard Miller, Arizona. Public Svc. Co., 2121 E. Minton Dr., Tempe, Arizona 85282 So. Campbell, Tucson, Arizona. 85719 P.O. Box 21666, Phoenix, Arizona 85036 Joseph M. M. Shasky, Assoc., Realtor, Bud Geore-e W. Muller, Muller Pia.no & Organ T. Doug Pruitt, M. M. Sunot, P.O. Box Melcher & Assoc. Rlty., 3100 S. Rural Rd., Co., 1010 E. Broadway, Tucson, Arizona. 85719 21627, Phoenix, Arizona. 85036 Tempe, Arizona 85282 Duane B. Anderson, M . M. Sundt Construc­ Darrell Sigfridson, The Circle K Corpora­ Rex. Burington, Triple T Mobil City, 6439 tion Co., 4101 E . Irvington, Tucson, Arizona tion, 4500 So. 40th St., Phoenix, Arizona 85726 85036 W. Myrtle Ave., Glendale, Arizona 85301 Thomas A. McCarthy, Jr., Biaett & Bahde, Thomas T. Clark, Jr., Tucson Newspapers, Raloh H. Ea.ton, Eaton International Corp., Attorneys at Law, 5822 West Glenn Drive, Inc., 4850 So. Park Ave., Tucson, Arizona P.O. Box 11888, Phoenix, Arizona 85061 Glendale, Arizona. 85301 85726 Steven M. Scheiner, Price Waterhouse & Thelma. V . Hayden, President, Hayden W. E. Naumann, M. M. Sundt Construction Co., 1800 Valley Center, Phoenix, Arizona Co., 4101 E. Irvington Rd. P.O. Box 27507, 85013 Farms Inc., Rt. 2, Box 310, Buckeye, Arizona 85326 Tucson, Arizona. 85726 Duane B. Daley, V.P., Dobar Petroleum G. J. Grott, Southwest Salt Company, P.O. Roger K. Stewart, AGM Cargo-Ties, Inc., Co., 1500 N. Markda.le Dr., Mesa, Arizona P.O. Box 27346, Tucson, Arizona. 85726 85201 Box 1237, Litchfield Park, Arizona. 85340 W. G. Walker, Marsh Aviatlon Co., P.O. E. C. Ha.gen, Director of Resources, Burr­ Wayne C Pomeroy, Mayor, City of Mesa, Box 653, Litchfield Park, Arlzona 85340 Brown Research Corporation, 6730 South Arizona, P.O. Box 1466, Mesa, Arizona 85201 George Beeler, Beeler Bros., Inc., P.O. Box Tucson Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona. 85730 Michael E. Schaller, Beltone Hearing Aid 7, Ta.lleson, Arizona 85353 William H. Estes, Jr., The Estes Co., P.O. Service, 456 N. Country Club Dr., Mesa., Ari­ Kibbee Jones, Klbbee's Shopping Center, 17360, Tucson, Arizona. 85731 zona. 85201 Box 218, Wendon, Arizona 85357 W. J. Shumway, Whiting Brothers Invest­ Neilson Building Materials, 107 S. Beverly, Raymond A. Beaver, United Bank of Ari­ ment Company, P.O. Box 669, St. Johns, Mesa., Arizona. 85202 zona, 1599 Fourt Avenue, P .O. Box 304, Yuma., Arizona 85936 Robert Robb, Dir. of Gov't Affairs, Arizona Arizona. 85364 Robert W. Gonsalves, Western Moulding Chamber of Commerce, 3216 N. 3rd St., Suite A. M. (Jim) Bjornstad, Yuma. County Co., Inc., Box 70, Snowfia.ke, Arizona. 85937 103, Phoenix, Arizona 85202 Chamber of Commerce, P.O. Box 230 Yuma, Mack Ward, RPH Page Drug Co., Inc., P.O. David S. Mathewson, Genera.I Business Arizona. 85364 ' Box 1957, Page, Arizona. 86040 Services, 2053 E. Ha.le St., Mesa., Arizona. 85203 Charles L. Elliott, Lee Elliott Insurance Vincent B. Bartholomew, Tarr, McComb & Harold J. Stout, Gala.zie Realty, 3024 E. Agency, 2450 S. 4th Ave., Yuma., Arizona. Ware, Inc., P.O. Box 31, 547 Sixth St., Caballero St., Mesa., Arizona. 85203 85364 Prescott, Arizona 86301 Oliver H. Wick, Wick Realty & Income Tax Albert R. Face, Western Fa.rm Management Jane Carter, Jane Carter's Camera Center, Service, 849 E. Ma.in, Mesa, Arizona. 85203 Company, 875 West 32nd Street, Yuma, Ari­ Prescott, Arizona 86301 H. L. Freestone, Consolidated Western In­ zona 85364 M. Hammer, Prescott Generator Exe., 705 vestors, Inc., P.O. Box 2668, Mesa, Arizona Charles S. Gilpin, President, Giloin's Weld­ E . Sheldon, Prescott, Arizona 86310 85204 ing & Machine Wks. Inc., 450 E. 16th St., Rex V. Becker, Mohave Savings & Loan, Wendell Jones, Henry & Horne CPAs, 714 S. P.O. Box 1150, Yuma, Arizona 85364 P .O. Box 391, Kingman, Arizona 86401 Daley, Mesa, Arizona. 85204 Patrick I. Harvey, Certified Public Account­ Ruth J. Bruckmuller, Kingman Trave­ Roy E. McAfee, President McAfee Consol­ ant 2675 4th Ave., Yuma., Arizona 85364 lodge, 1001 Andy Devine, Kingman, Arizona idated, P.O. Box 2187, Mesa, Arizona 85204 R . E. Johnson, Desert Lawn Memorial Park, 86401 Fred A. Oblayimo, Velda. Rose Medical Cen­ 1415 1st Ave., P .O. Box 1311, Yuma, Arizona. Donald N. Welks, Mohave Music Center, ter, 5801 E. Ma.in, Mesa., Arizona 85204 85364. 3145 Stockton Hill Rd., Kingman, Arizona J . A. Farnsworth, Jr., Farnsworth Realty Robert E. Ramsey, Manager, O'Malley 86401 July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 256.19 John F. Conrad, Ford Motor Co., Box 1035, tors. And the assumption that we are faced Swedish police established that he escaped Kingman, Arizona 86402 with a crime executed by the agents of the by automobile to Denmark, where he boarded Herbert F. Ellermann, Century 21 Storms communist regime of Yugoslavia, ls much a plane straight to Belgrade. When the air­ Real Estate, Inc., P.O. Box 1206, Kingman, more than an idle conjecture. port police of Kastrup (Copenhagen) radioed Arizona 86402 Violence, terror and assassinations are not to the airplane of the Yugoslav airline JAT Catherine T. Lasater, Mt. Bell Tel. Co., 16 only standard procedures and methods of that they had a murder suspect aboard, who W. McDowell, Arizona communist struggle against their opponents, was sought by the Swedish police, and in­ but the Yugoslav communist regime has, in vited them to return to Kastrup, the call was this respect, perhaps the worst record of all ignored. communist regimes. The importance of this case did not escape YUGOSLAV TERRORISM AND U.S. The establishment of a communist regime the attention of the international corres­ SECURITY in Yugoslavia in the wake of World War II pondent Victor Zorza (London), whose arti­ also brought about a sizable emigration to cle on the subject was published in many all free lands, especially the United States, newspapers throughout the world, including of people who would not reconcile with com­ the Washington Evening Star (of Janu­ HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN munism. Tpe very existence of that emigra­ ary 4, 1970). OF CALIFORNIA tion and its vocal, articulate and convincing Considering that this crime indicated a opposition to communism, expressed through growing boldness of the Yugoslav secret po­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a number of newspapers. books and other lice, I wrote to Attorney General John N. Thursday, July 28, 1977 publications, has been from the very be­ Mitchell on January 10, 1970, to alert him ginning a source of embarassment and a to the danger of the spread of Yugoslav Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, on July 21 thorn in Tito's side. communist terrorism. I also wrote to the I read into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a RUTHLESS TERRORISM Secretary General of the Undted Nations Or­ newspaper article which analyzed the ganization, U Thant, and the Swedish Prime Initially, while the regime struggled to con­ Minister, Olof Palme. To my knowledge, implications of the recent Chicago mur­ solidate itself, it was content to rule by der of Dragisha Kasikovich, the editor of nothing was done to deter the international ruthless terrorism inside Yugoslavia. (The criminal activities of the Yugoslav secret a Yugoslav newspaper whose opposition Minister of Interior, Alexandar Rankovich, police. to the Tito regime was well known to stated that in the first ten years of the re­ In 1974 a new wave of assassinations took both his friends and enemies. The news­ gime, every fifth citizen of that unfortunate place: on July 9, 1974, a 79 year old former paper analysis surmised that the murder country had been jailed for some time un­ dJiplomat and politician, Jakov Ljotic, was was the work of the Yugoslav secret po­ der whatever charges.) assassinated in Munich; on March 8, 1975 lice who have been credited with similar Later, when the "resistance of the old a former Chetnlk commander, Bora Blago­ murders of their West European bourgeoisie" was broken, a new problem jevic was murdered in Brussels; on May 13, arose, that of the increasing dissatisfaction a newspaperman, who had escaped commu­ opponents. of the people, especially the youth, which nist Yugoslavia a few years before, Peter I have recently read another analysis could not accept the Ues of oftlcial propa­ Vallch, was assassinated, and so, in August of the Kasikovich murder by Dr. Slobo­ ganda and started increasingly to listen to 1976, was a well-known businessman, dan M. Draskovich, noted professor of the press coming from the free world. The Miodrag Boskovic (in Brussels). bloody student demonstrations in Belgrade economics, who is editor of Srpska CHICAGO 1977 Borba, "Serbian Struggle," a weekly (June 3-10, 1968) came as a shock to the regime which had considered the battle as And finally, on June 19, 1977, Dragisha newspaper published in three editions­ won once and for all. Kashikov1ch was murdered in an exception­ American, European, and Australian­ ally bestial manner, right here in the U.S., and circulated in 40 countries. He is alsQ In March 1969 a well-known Serbian emi­ in Chicago. grant, who had fought in the ranks of Gen­ It is impossible to assess the meaning and the author of two books, "Tito, Moscow's eral Mihailovic in World War II, Andra Lon­ Trojan Horse," Regnery, 1947, and "Will caric, was assassinated in Paris. A few months scope of this murder without taking into ac­ America Surrender?" Devin-Adair, 1973. later, a newspaperman, Ratko Obradovich, count the general framework and backdrop was murdered in Munich. of the activities of the Yugoslav secret police, Dr. Draskovich is no false alarmist. His i.e. the policies of communist Yugoslavia, its analysis of the extent of Yugoslav terror­ It is noteworthy that as early as May 1969, international position and the role it is play­ ism is based on decades of personal ex­ the Yugoslav oftlcial press bragged that "the ing in international affairs. perience and firsthand knowledge. Dr. Yu~oslav secret police do not exercise their Yugoslavia is a communist country, which Draskovich holds a law' degree from the activities exclusively on domestic soil". To means that in all major issues (as e.g. Korea, this effect, the periodical "Ekonomska Po­ Budapest (1956), Czechoslovakia (1968), University of Belgrade and a Ph. D. from litika" (No. 893 of May 12, 1969) quoted a the University of Munich. During the Vietnam, Angola, the Middle East, etc.) it has high oftlcial of communist Yugoslavia, Duka acted as a communist country, in solidarity war he was held prisoner by the Nazis Matosic, member of the Committee for For­ with the world-wide communist interna­ for 4 years in Italy and in Germany. eign Affairs of the Croatian legislature: "We tional movement. After the war he remained in Europe in have demonstrated, especially the security a vain attempt to stem the tide of com­ service of Croatia, that we can settle ac­ As a typical communist country, Yugosla­ counts with the hostile activity of the emi­ via. regards terrorism not as an evil to be munism which swept over his native land. eradicated, but as a weapon to be used But his battle against communism did gration right where it is necessary." According to TIME magazine (November against the free world, especially the U.S., not cease with his arrival in the United 21, 1969): "Tito ... has begun slipoing paid which is constantly portrayed as the chief States in 1947. He has testified on numer­ informants and assassins across the border source of oppression and imperialism in the ous occasions before congressional com­ with groups of ordinary workers who arrive world. mittees on the strategy of world daily in major West German cities. Western Communist Yugoslavia's task is made communism. experts estimate that some 1,000 informants easier owing to the fact that it has for years It is a frightening story which Dr. are keening their eye on Yugoslav workers, been pampered and given privileged treat­ Draskovich tells and one which no think­ and that about 100 others are in West Ger­ ment by the West as an alleged communist many to handle more sensitive assignments. maverick, an "independent country". The ing American should ignore. I commend Whatever their number, the agents work fantastic propaganda campaign in favor of it to my colleagues. efficiently. In Munich alone during the past communist Yugoslavia has enabled its regime The article follows: years, there have been six unsolved murders to render unique services to the cause of YUGOSLAV TERRORISM AND U.S. SECURITY and several mysterious disappearances." world communism, most notably in the Third (By Dr. Slobodan M. Draskovich) MISSING LINK World movement. Hailed as Tito's great dip­ The recent brutal murder of newspaper This situation could not fan to embolden loma.tic and political achievement and editor Dragisha Kasikovich in Chicago, has the Yugoslav secret police to continue its service to the free world, this is in fact a not only shocked public opinion, but has criminal activities abroad. dangerous international "popular front". raised the question of the nature of the On December 15, 1969, a murder was com­ General Alexander Haig, commander-in­ murder. One version is that the exceptional mitted in Nassjo, Sweden, which suoplied the chief of the Allied forces, seems to be per­ violence and brutality of the murder which missing link to the chain of murders perpe­ fectly well-informed when he issued a ended not only the life of a grown man, but trated by the agents of the Yugoslav secret warning a few days ago to the effect that "I also of an innocent child, indicates a crime police. The victim was a Serbian emiJ?re from do not expect ... a classic Soviet attack of passion, of personal hatred and vengeance. Yugoslavia, Sava Cubrilovic, 42, who was on the Western frontiers of Europe. I fear Others are convinced that the murder is writing well-documented and forceful arti­ much more the development of an ambigu­ political. cles on Yugoslav policies and the true con­ ous and dangerous situation on our flanks Brutality in itself dons not preclude po­ ditions in communist Yugoslavia. The mur­ and periphery . . . I fear particularly the litical motives. In this case, it may well flt derer was known, Milan Sop-Djokic, an agent danger which could result in revolution in in the plans and intentions of the perpetra- of the Yugoslav secret police, UDBA. The the Third World." CXXIII--1614--Part 20 25640 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19'7'/

DANUBE-A RED RIVER As for the domestic U.S. problem of Yugo­ with the town doctor, N. J. Sundet. "I prob­ In spite of all insistent wishful stories slav terrorism in this country, it must be ably wouldn't have gone to medical school about Tito's resistance to Brezhnev's ad­ viewed in the context of the grand interna­ without his influence," Dr. Swisher recalled. vances, the fact is that Yugoslav naval fa­ tional communist strategy of bringing the Following medical school and a stint in the U.S. to its knees not by the use of nuclear service, Dr. Swisher returned to practice with cilities are increasingly being used by the weapons, but by a fierce, unrelenting and Dr. Sundet, whom the 13-bed hospital is now Soviet Mediterranean Squadron (New York ruthless use of all the means of polltical war­ named after. Times of February 7, 1977) and the Danube fare, in which terrorism plays an increasing Dr. Swisher hasn't regretted coming home is rapidly becoming a red river, since "more role. If we understand this, and only if we do, to Kadoka. "I guess I've always enjoyed a and more boats, barges and tugs flying the shall we be able to find the ways and means small community where you know everybody. flag of the Soviet Union or those of its allies, of stemming and reversing the tide. I don't like the humdrum of the big city. A are plying the river" (N.Y. Times, April 25, In the meantime, it must be borne in mind lot of people in this day and age get fed 1977). that the terrorism of communist Yugoslavia up with the city and decide to move out In essence, those who speak of the danger has crossed the Ocean. Recently, an Amer­ here to avoid it. I wasn't a.voiding it. I was that Yugoslavia may return to the Soviet ican Serb was murdered for displeasing the never in it. I knew it wasn't for me." bloc are talking about an lmposslblllty, since Yugoslav communist regime. Tomorrow, if In his 15 years of practice, however, Dr. communist Yugoslavia has never left the we continue ignoring the concerted activi­ Swisher says medicine has changed. "The red communist international movement, nor ties of communist agents ln the U .S., such as tape and the paperwork is just ta.king more stopped contributing to its strategies for murders or "widespread Soviet eavesdropping and more time to do. As a result, it's taking conquering the world. on our conversations across the U.S.", no more and more t.lme to take care of the In the United States, the Yugoslav com­ American of any origin will be safe from same number of patients and I'm afraid it's munist offensive has particularly and with communist secret pollce agents ln the land going to get worse." considerate success been directed against of the free and the home of the brave. The town hopes to find a young physician the Serbian Orthodox Church, where it has to assist Dr. Swisher in the area's clean air produced a spllt which is about to be ter­ and easy-going lifestyle wlll a.id their search. minated before U.S. courts, with the victory Civic leaders in Philip also hope to hire of the faction under control of the commu­ RURAL AMERICA NEEDS HEALTH another doctor to a.id their longtime phy­ nist authorities of Yugoslavia. CARE TOO sician, Dr. G . J. Mangulis who has been prac­ But that will not satisfy Tito. The grow­ ticing medicine in the town more than 20 ing dissatisfaction of the people, the uncer­ yea.rs. tainty and apprehension for the future, HON. JAMES ABDNOR Dr. Ma.ngulis, noted there are three major which assumes panic-like proportions, the OF SOUTH DAKOTA reasons why hospitals are needed between growing lnablllty of the communist leaders Pierre and Rapid City. "Number one,'' he said, to cope with the problems of the country, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "You can't predict when a. woman will need impel them to step up their terrorist activ­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 obstetrical care. Second, when accidents oc­ ities to silence their opponents ln the U.S. cur you need immediate attention. It's quite and at the same time to weaken the strongest Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, one of the important to have a hospital to give immedi­ country in the world. greatest problems confronting the small ate care. Thirdly, it is a great convenience. In this they are encouraged by the ob­ towns of rural America is obtaining and Many people would be reluctant to go some­ sequious attitude of the West, such as the maintaining adequate health care deliv­ where else. Having a hospital here gives them choice of Yugoslavia, one of the worst of­ ery systems. Headlines in metropolitan a morale boost because they know they get fenders in the area of human rights, to be newspapers tell of "doctor surpluses," but much more individualized care." the host for a conference on human rights. The 20-bed hospital and 30-bed nursing Among other exploits, Yugoslavia conspicu­ believe me, in rural America-in States home at Philip a.re now owned by the Lu­ ously offered (in September 1976) hospitallty like South Dakota-there is no doctor theran Hospitals and Homes Society of Amer­ and protection to the leading terrorist of our surplus. There is an acute doctor short­ ica., a non-profit organization that operates time "Carlos" (Illich Ramirez Sanchez), age. 00 hospitals and homes in 13 Midwestern ignoring the requests of France and Western In South Dakota our residents know States. Germany for his extradition. what it is like to drive 50 miles to see a Hospital adminlstrator Robert Shannon, Watching carefully and assessln~ realisti­ doctor and the fact that they do not who was assigned to the Phllip hospital by cally all the signs of the faltering of our will have to drive farther is thanks to the the Society in 1975, believes that inflation, to defend ourselves and assert the U.S. in stamng proble1IlS and government regulations the world and at home, communist Yugo­ dedication of the doctors, nurses, and "could ultimately leave the people of this slavia, as an agent of international com­ other health care professionals who have area. without any hospital." munism, is always ready to do its communist chosen to live in our small towns. As the "I think health care is one of our critical duty, by all oossible means, including that of following article from the Kadoka, S. needs right now," said Shannon, a Minne­ terrorism. The disruption of law and order, Dak., Press notes, small town hospitals sota native. "People come to town to look the loss of hope in the victory of the U.S. like Kadoka's are not "aid stations." a.t machinery, to buy their groceries and, if and freedom in the world, and readiness to The article follows: necessary, to stop by the doctor's omce. make all concessions "ln order to save peace", "If the hospitals and clinics in Kadoka the spreading of general Insecurity and ln­ SMALL TOWN HOSPITALS LIKE KADOKA'S ARE and Philip had to close, people a.round here NOT Am STATIONS cllnation to reconcile with terrorli:m as a might have a drive as far a.way as Rapid City "fact of Ufe", are goals which every com­ (By Bernie Hunhoff) or Pierre to see a doctor." munist, Stallnist or "with a human face", Philip and Kadoka, two towns located 20 And there are times, he explained, when international or "national", "Eurocommu­ miles apart on the South Dakota prairie, they simply couldn't make it to Rapid City. nist", etc. ls serving, regardless of all their have the only hospitals between Pierre and For example, a Philip woman went in labor internal feuds and conflicts, real and staged. Rapid City. la.st Spring on the same day that a storm AMBASSADOR SU.BERMAN Townspeople in both communities consider dumped ten inches of snow on the town. The international and the domestic aspect themselves lucky to have hospitals, but they She was able to reach the hosoital. How­ of Yugoslav terrorism in the United States are concerned that the day could come when ever, complications developed and Dr. Man­ are inseparable. Former U .S. ambassador to they'll lose them. gulis knew a Cesarean was necessary. He Yugoslavia, Lawrence Sflberman, gave an Inflation, difficulties in attracting health hadn't performed such an operation in 17 outstanding example of proper and judicious professionals and more stringent government yea.rs, but travel was Impossible so he did it. beh!!.vior when he denounced in no uncertain regulations are all taking their toll, according Today the mother and her new baby daugh­ terms the arbitrary treatment inflicted upon to civic leaders in the two towns. ter are a.live and well in Philip. a U.S. citizen by Yugoslav authorities. He Kadoka ls a community of 800 persons lo­ "Some people have the idea. that small hos­ did not proclaim any "Silberman doctrine", cated midway between Pierre and Rapid City. pitals don't have to be anything but an a.id but simply stated that which is the very Situated along Interstate 90, it does a thriv­ station," Shannon said. "This case la.st Spring foundation of all U.S . foreign pollcy: that ing tourist trade during the summer and has proves they should be more than that. Ninety it must be guided by U.S. national interests a solld business district. Philip, 20 miles mlles in the middle of nowhere is certainly and not be governed by endeavors of pleasing northwest of Kadoka, draws few tourists but no place to have an aid station in a situation a very difficult partner who is not lncllned its businessmen have built a surprisingly like a snowstorm." to be friendly to the United States. strong town ln which bank debits (per cap­ "The small hospital's ab111ty to treat an While ambassador Silberman has since re­ ita) are among the highest in the nation. emergency case until the patient can be signed, his stand is undoubtedly not only Dr. Lowell Swisher, Kadoka's only physi­ shipped to another facility is vitally impor­ refreshing, but fundamentally correct. It ex­ cian, grew up on a ranch outside of town. tant. We have to get the patient stabilized presses an attitude which can both serve us He became interested in a medical career so he can make the trip to a larger hospital well in our international relations and act during his high school days. Unable to com­ for longterm treatment." as a deterrent to improper Yugoslav activi­ mute to school from his grandfather's ranch, Shannon and his Kadoka counterpart, ties in the U .S. the young Swisher boarded during the week Nona Prang of the N. J. Sundet Memorial July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25641 Hospital, certainly have the be.eking of their ST. LOUIS REDISCOVERS ITS PAST healthier than the central city, was reported respective business sectors. AS A NEW SPIRIT RISES to have lost 1.7 percent of its population and Marvis Hogen, a Kadoka hardware store dropped from 10th to 11th rank. operator and a state legislator, remembers Even as the population contracts, however, the history of health care in his community HON. RICHARD A. GEPHARDT the city is proclaiming a new spirit of St. and he wants to see past tradition continue. OF MISSOURI Louis. It is rediscovering its colorful past as "Self-reliant people, unhampered by gov­ perhaps never before. It is polishing the ernment, built this hospital and saved who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES images of its heydey and putting them on knows how many lives," Hogen said. "This Thursday, July 28, 1977 display in a gleaming new downtown. facility would never have been created and Four blocks from the dilapidated Scott never would have continued if we had the Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, early Joplin flat, in bright, yellow surroundings in federal regulation problems back then." this week the New York Times carried the 19th-floor observatory bar atop a modern, Hogen believes Kadoka has been fortunate an article describing a. "new spirit of St. circular hotel, the tinkly, syncopated Joplin in its abil1ty to maintain virtually uninter­ Louis." As the article so well emphasizes rags live. The way "Professor" Trebor Tiche­ rupted health care. Since its founding tn St. Louisans have developed a growing nor plays them-lovingly, delicately, with his 1906, he said, it has almost always had a derby at a tilt and his head cocked intently doctor and at least a limited staff of medical awareness of the city's remarkable his­ toward the piano keyboard-they are a light­ people. tory and are becoming increasing en­ hearted memorial. Dr. Sundet, who practiced medicine in the thusiastic about saving the many land­ Over the professor's shoulder as he plays, community from 1939 until his death in marks of its past. the city's emerging skyline shimmers in the 1972, converted a private residence into a For too many years, urban residents­ early evening sun. Aqua and ivory towers, hospital in the 1940's. Several years later the with the support of Federal policies­ many of them products of the 1970's, set entire community backed a fund-raising were interested in tearing down the old themselves off against Eero Saarinen's grace­ drive the.t ended in the construction of the and replacing it with everything shiny ful steel Gateway Arch on the Mississippi. current facility. and new, the hallmark of urban renewal. LIVELY NIGHTLIFE DISTRICT A Rapid City Journal news reporter, writ­ Down among those 20th-century towers, ing of the hospital's grand opening in 1951, Fortunately, the 1970's have been marked by a growing appreciation for bars, restaurants and even offices have sprung noted, "They (the people of Kadoka) are up in old, restored warehouses. Turn-of-the­ especially proud of the fact that they met the our man-made environment-the his­ century nostalgia abounds. Ragtime and Dix­ challenge of a distinct hospital without gov­ torically and architecturally significant ieland music are easy to find. The Joplin ernmental subsidy ..." structures which were built decades ago apartment is to be preserved. Laclede's Land­ Since the construction of the hospital, the in the great cities of our Nation. A new ing, an 11-block slice of the commercial river­ town has also added a 35-bed intermediate kind of revitalization effort--through front, where century-old buildings survive care nursing home adjacent to the hospital from the city's greatest period of expansion, and clinic. Kadoka Mayor Vernon Uhlir, a preservation and restoration of such valuable resources-is dominating the is being restored as an entertainment rei;tau­ motel owner, says the building of those struc­ rant and nightlife district. Night life itself tures has had an immeasurable effect on urban scene and is proving to be effec­ is reviving. New hotels are opening. Conven­ the entire area and he is concerned that the tive in restoring the health of the Na­ tion business and tourism are thriving. current trend is toward centralization of tion's cities. And for two weeks starting July 24. the medical centers and "doing away with the The Times article describes this type city's newly opened $25 million convention smaller hospitals." of effort in St. Louis. I encourage my center wlll house a "Meet Me in St. Louis" "That isn't going to help people here colleagues to read about one city's expe­ festival whose specific purpose is to regen­ who might need immediate medical treat­ rience in rediscovering and restoring its erate the spirit of the 1904 World's Fair, the ment," Uhlir said. "In some cases, they might fair that gave the world ice cream cones, hot not make it if they had to be hauled 100 past. The article follows: dogs and iced tea, that partly inspired the miles." (From the New York Times, July 25, 1977] Judy Garland movie and showcased the Jop­ The Philip hospital was built in 1955 with ST. LOUIS REDISCOVERS ITS PAST AS A NEW lin rags. a community fund drive similar to Kodoka's. SPIRIT RISES The city's boosters point to a new sense of It was named after Hans Peterson, an area (By William K. Stevens) excitement in town. "St. J.... ou1s is on its way rancher who willed much of his estate to to new days of glory," The Globe-Democrat the construction of a hospital. The com­ ST. Louis.-The house at 2635 Locust Street, where the young T. s. Eliot lived and trumpeted a few days ago. Critics say, how­ munity later gave the fac111ty to the Lutheran ever, that it is merely a diversion from a more Society. : formed impressions that would later help shape his desolate vision of "The Waste fundamental social and economic reality. Merchants in Ph111p ~re also solidly behind St. Louis and its metropolitan area, they their health care organization. "It means an Land," is now a parking lot. The house at 5135 Kensington Avenue, the say, are losing the industry that must provide awfully lot of jobs, a large payroll and, most jobs for the remaining population. Further. importantly, it means saving people's lives," address where Judy Garland trilled her romantic songs in "Meet Me in St. Louis," it is pointed out, much of the middle ring of said Charles Ekstrum, president of Philip's the metropolitan area, the part between First National Bank. is boarded up, the paint on its dormers peel­ downtown and the prosperous suburbs, re­ "Health care is vital to any community. The ing, its gate ajar and its yard choked with undergrowth. A faded sign on the door mains a true wasteland, the home of what towns that survive are the one3 that have threatens to become a permanently deprived total health care," Ekstrum added. warns, "Condemned. Unfit for Human Habi­ underclass atnicted by unemployment, pov­ Chip Kemmitz, a Ph111p attorney, belleves tation." Around the corner from the apartment erty, and crime. the very population of the town depends on A MANUFACTURING CENTER the hospital, clinic and 30-bed nursing home. building at 4633 Westminster Place, where "I'm sure that many of our retired people Tennessee Williams lived and supposedly set In this, St. Louis is like the cities of the would have to look for a place that offered "The Glass Menagerie," smiling streetwalk­ industrial crescent to the Northeast, cities closer medical care if anything were to hap­ ers crook their fingers at prospective cus­ whose vitality has been sapped by the decline pen to our hospital." tomers. of manufacturing and the move of industry The Kadoka and Philip health facilities And the front of the ramshackle brick flat to states where labor is cheaper and costs are serve a large area. Patients come not only at 2658 Delmar, where Scott Joplin wrote his lower. As with the cities in the crescent, from the small surrounding towns of Bel­ famous ragtime music, is decorated with man ufa.cturing has been the cornerstone of videre, Cottonwood, Cactus Flat, Wall, Murdo, broken glass and empty gin bottles; and the the St. Louis economy. McDonnell Douglas, White River and Mllesvllle. Some come from sour smell of poverty is strong under the General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Monsanto, the Pierre and Black Hills area. locust trees in the steamy summer of 1977. Pet, Ralston-Purina and Anheuser-Busch are Dr. Robert Hayes, a part-time physician POPULATION LOSS REPORTED probably the best-known names but there at Wall who spends most of his time di­ As in any big city, not all of St. Louis is are many others. recting the University of South Dakota in a state of decay. It still boasts strong, "The basic problem is similar to the one School of Medicine's physician extender proj­ well-kept neighborhoods. But it ls sometimes you find everywhere," says Dr. Norton E. ect, sends many of his Wall area patients to said here that St. Louis reached its peak of Long, an urban economist from the Univer­ Kodoka or Philip when they need hospitali­ infiuence and accomplishment with the sity of Missouri's St. Louis branch. "Down­ zation. World's Fair of 1904 and then began a 70- town brick and mortar don't turn the city "Communities of this size are indeed fortu­ year-old slide into decadence. around. There is no basic attempt to deal nate to have hospitals and to have doctors Now that slide may be nearing bottom. The with the city's economy." that are excellent" said Dr. Hayes, who Census Bureau reported a few weeks aj?O that Local industry hunters are at work, and sometimes fills in for the local doctors when from 1970 to 1975, St. Louis lost population there has been an influx of corporate head­ they take infrequent vacations or attend a faster than any other major city, shrinking quarters. But the fact is that from 1969 to medical seminar. by 15.6 percent and dropping from 19th place 1974 St. Louis lost 306 job-producing manu­ "We probably once had too many hospitals to 24th. Local analysts quarrel with the pre­ facturing establishments, the number drop­ in South Dakota. But we don't any longer. I cise figures, but not the basic trend. The St. ping from 1,699 to 1,393. The metropolitan would hate to see us lose any more of them." Louis metropolitan area, though considerably area lost 15, dropping from 3,121 to 3,106. 25642 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19'7.7 Similarly the central city's population de­ say a.bout that? Or, more generally, a.bout food. Because the teacher unionists are sus­ clined from a. peak of 857 ,000 in 1950 to contemporary St. Louis and the rest of urban pected "of communist a.nd Kurdist propa­ 525,000 in 1975, according to the census esti­ America.? ganda.". mates. The population of the metropolitan The second question wa.s posed to Dr. Wil­ That supplies scarcely arrived in the earth­ area is estimated a.t 2.35 million to 2.44 mil­ liam C. Hamlin, chairman of the English De­ quake area, a.nd that, in case where central lion. It appears to have remained essentially partment a.t the University of Missouri, St. TUrkish authorities were called in, that out stable since 1970. Louis. of the 10,000 earthquake victims in 200 de­ In its glory days, shrinkage, stagnation and "I think he'd say, 'Well, I told you so,'" he stroyed villages, many died out of cold a.nd decay were the la.st things on the minds of answered. hunger, that observers are said to have seen St. Louisa.ns. A century a.go it wa.s the na­ assistance goods in the TUrkish occupied tion's fourth largest city, a.nd the boosters of part of Cyprus instead of in Ea.stern TUrkey, that da.y predicted it would easily eclipse MODERN SUNBATHS: THE KURDS all this embittered the aftllcted persons. Chicago. " Mass murder" complained demonstrating IN TURKEY Kurdish farmers of the region Va.n, "cannot HERITAGE OF CONFIDENCE only be done by bombs". Economic a.nd geographic imperatives were The eight-m1llion people strong Kurdish to decree otherwise. St. Louis nevertheless HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN minority in TUrkey makes up 15 percent of approached the 20th century strong a.nd con­ OF MARYLAND the total TUrkish population but contrary fident. It already ha.d its Mark Twain heritage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to Soviet Armenia, Syria., Iraq and Iran and its rough, tough river-town image. Ger­ where lt is estimated that another 6 million man immigrants put it on the ma.p as a. Thursday, July 28, 1977 a.re living, the Kurds ln TUrkey are not even center of culture a.nd enlightenment. Carl Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, since existent under the term of a.n ethnic group; Schurz and Joseph Pultizer made it a jour­ his election, President Carter has spoken they a.re called "mountain-turks" ever since nalistic heavyweight. the rigorous turkification politics of Kema.l But by the early yea.rs of this century, out for the human rights of peoples Atta.turk. Because for the father of modern according to some analyses, decline ha.d al­ throughout the world. He has sought to Turkey there were "only TUrks". ready set in. St. Louis wa.s to produce a re­ encourage both friend and foe to give For those Kurds living ln the southeastern markable number of writers a.nd poets-not recognition to those rights which we in pa.rt of the country in a. relatively self-con­ onlv Eliot a.nd Willia.ms a.nd Sa.Uy Benson the Congress recognize are due to all tained development area. it was a. breach of ("Meet me in St. Louis"), but Fannie Hurst, mankind. promise. The British a.nd French, together Sara. Teasdale, William Inge a.nd Eugene I applaud the President for his cour­ with Atta.turk's troops, drove them a.way, for Field. As an urban entity, however, it became that, after the Peace Treaty of Serves in 1920, vaguely associated mostly with beer, baseball age in supporting this concept, and I a.n autonomous Kudistan wa.s promised to a.nd somnolent summers. have worked to support him in the Con­ them a.nd the Kurds of Syria. a.nd Iraq. After World Wa.r II, St. Louis mocked ef­ gress. To the poor and downtrodden Whenever uproars reminded of the promise, forts to deal with urban decay perhaps more throughout the world, the United States, they were suppressed in blood, a.round 1925 cruelly than did some other cities. Gaslight until recent years, served as a spokesman when 15,000 Kurds were shot dead, hanged, Square, an entertainment district ln restored for the values inherent in our own Dec­ drowned. "Where the bayonets reign" exulted buildings in the city's Central West End. be­ laration of Independence and the Bill of at that time a. TUrkish newspaper, "there came a chic, lively attraction in the 1960's. exists no kind of problem". Crime killed it. Today it is a ruin, a. study in Rights. The declaration of our endorse­ Thousands of Kurds were deported to the futility, enough to make a. lover of cities cry. ment of the human rights struggle western regions of TUrkey, Kurdish schools The Pruitt-Igoe project, once designed as clearly indicates that we once again bear were closed, the use of the Kurdish language a. national model for public housing, became the mantle of freedom, and that persons forbidden. And until today it ls forbidden instead a. model for disaster. Its most notor­ from every part of the globe are looking to the Kurds of TUrkey to embrace their ious section is gone, a weedy field strewn with to us for leadership. History a.nd Culture. Whoever hears Kurdish broken concrete in its place. One such region of the world, with songs, reads, distributes or prints Kur­ The "New Spirit of St. Louis" ha.s been pro­ which many of my colleagues are fa­ dish • • • code, be sentenced to ja.11 for up claimed before, a.nd some St. Louisans may be to 12 yea.rs for "violation of the national skeptical this time. miliar, is that of the Kurdish-inhabited consciousness''. districts in eastern Turkey. The Kurds The present rightist National-Front gov­ NEW LIST OF vmTUES have been subject to terror on a massive Still, it seeinS true, as the boosters sa.y, that ernment of Suleyman Demirel gives itself a St. Louis can be considered a. good place to scale and with almost complete disre­ lot of trouble so that the Kurds, no longer live--if you're middle class, regularly em­ gard of their human rights. 'nle brutal­ able to place theinselves under the Prophet's ployed a.nd don't live in the crumbling pa.rt ity exercised against this minority of 8 banner a.s 52 yea.rs ago, ca.n be fought as reac­ million people is agonizing, and I wish to tionaries by a. secular government. of town. Community leaders a.re beginning The younger generation reads Lenin and to talk about the virtues of not having to call this tragedy to the attention of the Mao and not a. few of those who dream of cope with growth, of being a. medium-sized American people. "Azabi bo Kurdistan" freedom for Kurdistan, metropolis where it is easy to get a.round. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I would like want a. struggle for independence of the It ls also true that the Central West End, to submit an article, entitled, " 'Modern Angola. pattern. where literary history is mostly concentrated, Sunbaths': The Kurds in Turkey," which "The Kurds" says author Jtlrgen Roth from is enjoying a resurgence. Real estate values Frankfurt, who, while doing research for have tripled there during this decade, it is appeared in the April 4, 1977, publication of Der Spiegel. I hope my colleagues will Amnesty International, wa.s arrested in Kur­ said, a.s young families seeking good values distan last November a.nd later deported, have moved into the old homes of 70 years take time to read of this tragedy being '"ca.n become for TUrkey, what the Basques a.go a.nd restored them. Similar resurgence is perpetuated and to speak out in behalf a.re for Spain". ta.king place in other pockets. of these people : "The feudalistic conditions in ea.st-ana.tolia And it is true that there does seem to be a "MODERN SUNBATH": THE KURDS IN TuRKEY ma.de it d11Hcult for political resistance for spirit of fun and exuberance downtown. You "Mounta.inturks" a.re called the Kurds in a. long time. In over 800 villages only one Aga. ca.n see it a.boa.rd the Goldenrod Showboat Turkey, an eight-Inillion-strong, unwanted (big landowner) rules at a. time. In Urfa, moored a.t the levee. Or at Muddy Waters or minority. The Kurdish youth could become near the Syrian borders, one Aga, member of Kennedy's Second Street Company or the for Turkey, what the Basques a.re for Spa.in. Demirel's Justice Party, calls ten villages his other new saloons (that is what they're still "You know already that we do not like the own. Over one third of the Kurdish fa.Inilies called here) that a.re opening amid function­ Kurds", barked NCO Mehmet Caldi a.t the are without land. ing factories a.nd warehouses off the cobbled inhabitants of the village Yelesdere, "there­ Exhausting fieldwork, malnutrition and streets of La.clede's Landing. fore we do not help you. Kick the bucket!" insu1Hcient medical supplies rarely allow the At Kennedy's in a. hlgh-ce111nged old ware­ Twenty villagers stood opposite the raging Kurds of ea.st-a.na.tolia. to reach an a.ge over house with period fans rotating overhead, Turk-here the only survivors of the earth­ 45. Only 5 percent of all the villages have a some of the young crowd comes to ea.t and quake of the 24th of November last year, doctor or a.n ambulance man, two-thirds of drink a.nd mingle a.nd listen to Dixieland. which turned their vllla.ge, formerly inhab­ the population have to walk or ride a distance There, the other night, a. young ma.n came in ited by 200 people, into ruins a.nd rubble. of 150 kinS to find a doctor: half of the chil­ with a rather plain young woman. They sat, They were waiting for 5 days a.nd when the dren die before reaching school age. and before the waitress could come, two soldiers finally ca.me, the villagers asked for 60,000 children of the Kurdish region at­ much better1ooking women sa.t down at an blankets food and· clothing. But NCO Ca.ldl's tend no lessons wha.tsoever beca.tise there are adjoining table. The young ma.n's eyes riveted order issued by the province governor of the no teachers; the illiteracy rate in TUrkey on them, so obviously that his date turned ea.st-anatolia.n region Va.n read differently: is 45 percent, with the Kurds it is 75 percent. a.round to look. The pain reflected in her face he wa.s to drive a.way members of civilian re­ It is very rare that a. Kurdish offspring can told the story. lief groups of the Turkish Teachers' Trade make it to the secondary: school, a.nd then What would T. S. Eliot, poet of failed love, Union Tob-Der who set off on donkeys a.nd he will be up against discrimination. A pupil selfish lust a.nd general desolation, have to horses one da.y after the earthquake to bring ln a. secondary school: "The teacher always July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25643 tells me 'you are a clever pig, buit a dirty rooms. Even the troops which arrived in Lice cities reporting the same resurgence include Kurd'." after the September 75 earthquake, looked Boston, Louisville, Pittsburgh, Houston, Next to the social and economic disadvan­ around in the ruins of the houses for Kurd­ Portland, Seattle, New Orleans, Atlanta anc1 tages of the Kurds-investments are made ish works and records instead of helping. New York. only where the financial expenditure of the Even In heavily black Gary Ind., Mayor West is of benefit to Turkey-the farmers Richard Hatcher notes an incipient middle­ suffer increasingly in the last years under class return. In Detroit, considered a classic raids of the Turkish 'Jandarma'-Commandos, CITIES MAKE A COMEBACK urban "basket case," Mayor Coleman Young special units of the rural constabulary reports that "for the first time In yea.rs, you trained for guerilla warfare which, since the find white middle-class people mingling with suppression of the Kurdish revolt in Iraq, the blacks shopping for houses in the better are reinforced and mobilised on the fron­ HON. RICHARD A. GEPHARDT neighborhoods." tier between Turkey and Iraq. And S'O in OF MISSOURI The cities are now well pa.st the first wave September 1975 the military and the Jan­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of renovation in blue-chip areas like Wash­ darma took the occasion of a quarrel between ington's Georgetown, Brooklyn's Park Slope, a. public prosecutor and the leader of the Thursday, July 28, 1977 Philadelphia. Society Hill a.nd New Orlea.n's Kurdish Jirki tribe, to occupy villages and Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, an French Quarter. Now the upswing is spread­ the small town of Beytishebap near the Hak­ optimistic forecast for the great cities ing to hundreds of less-fabled neighbor­ kari mountains. 2,000 men advanced in, 500 hoods-often because of their architectural persons were outlawed: after that 18,000 of our Nation was described in a recent distinction or premier locations. Residential Kurds fied to the mountains. Although the article by Neal R. Peirce. restoration is no longer limited to town­ a.rea was declared a 'restricted zone' and Mr. Peirce reports a growing interest houses; it's expanding Into old warehouses, entry refused to journalists, the reporter of in urban living because of its advantages factories and wharf a.nd tenement buildings, the Istambul dally newspaper 'Hurriyet' Asis in terms of cost, energy usage, and facili­ the urban residue of the industrial revolu­ Korkmas succeeded in getting in touch with ties for work and play. This trend to­ tion. and talking to those who had fied and photo­ ward revitalization of urban neighbor­ Read Census Bureau reports a.lone a.nd graphed them. hoods holds the key to saving our older you'de never believe a. revival was under way. On the 18th of October he left Beytishebap The Census's 1970 to 1975 population-shift and shortly before Silvan was stopped by cities which have suffered from decline estimates showed a continued, massive hem­ the Turkish secret police MIT: colonel Falk in population and revenue base. orrhaging of city populations: St. Louis Kellican, MIT-Chief in Diyarbakir, ordered A report like Mr. Peirce's column will losing 1 out of every 6 residents; Cleveland 1 him to hand over the films a.nd tapes. Kork­ be encouraging to all of us who are seek­ out of 7; Minneapolis, Detroit and Buffalo 1 mas refused-farmers found him later in ing revival of our great cities. I want to of 8; New York 1 of 19. The 1975-76 center­ his car, dead. share the article with my colleagues and city loss wa.s estimated at an incredible 2 The last village raid took place on the insert it in the RECORD: million people. But mayors dispute the Census estimates 8th of March in the village Meseli, province [From the Washington Post, July 7, 1977} of Siirt: the inhabitants were rounded up and insist their cities are at lea.st holding by the Jandarma allegedly because they were NEAL R. PEIRCE-CITIES MAKE A COMEBACK their own in population. They may or may housing smugglers; peasant woman Safiye TucsoN.-The inner cities of America are not be right, but total population may not Ayhan was shot dead. The village stands poised for a. stunning comeback, a turnabout matter so much. Demographer George Grier empty, the inhabitants are in the mountains. in their fortunes that could be one of the has discovered, in a study for the Washing­ Amnesty International compiled Informa­ most significant developments in our na­ ton Center for Metropolitan Studies, that tion on how cruelly the Turkish Kurds are tional history. while Washington lost 55,000 population be­ tortured: For example, on the 27th July, 75 The recovery from decades of middle-class tween 1970 and 19715, the number of house­ commandos forced their way into the village desertion, housing abandonment and in­ holds remained virtually constant. But in of Hivris. The inhabitants had to assemble tolerable levels of poverty and crime will not contrast to the larger family units they re­ 1n the village square and eat kilos of salt. be a smooth or tidy process. The cities' re­ place, such new households are small-con­ When the commandos could not find out newal may trigger social discord as the sisting of never-married singles, new di­ where a. wanted smuggler was, they burned atHuent and the poor fight for their share vorced people, couples (married or not) who the beard of the village elder. of the urban turf. And there surely will be are delaying parenthood. Boston, Seattle and New York studies sug­ Bastina.do and electroshocks, for which the backwaters of urban desperation for yea.rs to come. gest the same; smaller households, made up victims are dragged to the Jandarma lorry of children of the ba.by boom tha.t helped and are given electroshocks on the tongue But talks with a cross-section of the na­ tion's mayors, meeting here at the annual trigger the post-war rush to suburbia, now with the help of the car battery, a.re fre­ returning to the city. Fiscally, that's good quently applicable torture methods, so is the U.S. Conference of Mayors, plus grass-roots reports from many cities, present a phalanx news for cities, because the returnees en­ "modern sunbath" of the Jandarma. Com­ rich the tax base without costing much in mander In Chief, second lieutenant Ahmet of evidence that the critical mass needed for city recovery has finally fallen into place. schools, welfare or other services. Gtirel in Uludere: for hours on end men Indeed, the cities need attract only a mod­ who have been whipped are la.id naked on The chief ingredients accelerating middle­ est percentage of the record number of new burning white tin roofs and ha.ve to look class return to the cities are the energy crisis, households now in formation to compete­ directly into the sun. If they blink once or the explosion of the post-World War II baby boom into the new household market, chang­ as urbanologist Paul Porter puts it--"even try to close their eyes, the Ja.ndarma beat with their strongest suburbs as a. place to them. ing lifestyles and mounting dissatisfaction live." Kurdish women, who do not even venture with suburban life-especially among young people. The Hartford City Institute reports the to look at strangers and who are brought up city-bound ft.ow of middle-class immigrants with an extreme sense of shame, are a.bused All this is complemented by out-of-sight "is still a trickle, but a growing one that in front of their husbands and children. In single-family home costs, the economies of might become a fiood." Hartford Council­ Sllaye one year ago, a girl who wa.s raped by restoration over new construction, shifts in man Nicholas Carbone says it's made up a. Jandarma shot herself. federal policy a.way from the pro-suburb bias "first" of the youth, who find the suburbs With this background of repression a.nd of the last three decades, the strong and boring and that the city's where the action terror more and more pupils and students growing national neighborhood movement is. The youth have guts, they're less pre­ get together to discuss "Re bo Azabi" "the and a pronounced decline in urban crime. judiced than we a.re a.nd they'll move into wa.y to freedom." The result: a new hope in the city that integrated neighborhoods. They're followed It is not the way of their fathers who, in­ breeds fresh investment and confidence. by the liberal part of the establishment that's timidated by the massacres of the twenties The Nation's capita.I, where federal pay­ gone, through Iniddle-aged menopause a.nd a.nd thirties, would have perhaps contented rolls fuel a vigorous economy, is the van­ is also enchanted with this new lifestyle." themselves if they were allowed to speak guard of the back-to-the-city movement. The cities also argue economy: Rehabilita­ their language freely. The leftist Kurdish Yeung, upwardly mobile singles and cou­ tion costs genera.Uy run only 50 to 60 per youth. ideologically supported by social in­ ples-whites and blacks alike-are pene­ cent of the price of new construction because dividual trade unions like the Teachers' trating one inner-city neighborhood after the work is less extensive a.nd doesn't in­ Trade Union. threaten with a. guerilla war­ another, even some wracked by the riots of volve site preparation. Rental a.nd purchase fare in the event they are not granted the 1968. prices-until a city becomes too popular­ same rights and chances as the rest of the But Washington is not alone. In Baltimore s.re well below suburbia's Mortgages are be­ Turks. and other cities, housing abandonments are coming easier to obtain as legal and com­ The young ones stir up feelings of pride dropping off--often to the vanishing point. munity pressures beat down redlining and in the older peonle by brinl2'1ng Kurdish In Chicago's middle-class areas, Mayor as lending institutions from mortgage pools books and taoes with recorded Kurdish songs Michael Bilandic says, there's a sudden up­ for inner-city rehabilitation and purchase. into the villages. The police react with raids, surge in property values, fa.r bevond what Recent revisions to the federal ta.x code favor round-ups in Cafes, record shops and private the market would normally justify. Other rehabilitation a.nd historic preservation. 25644 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19'77 Only six years a.go, Columbia. Professor Eu­ mittee to remove Federal price controls from market where producers were ensured a sum­ gene Ra.skin wrote that cities "are physically newly discovered natural gas, it adopted a cient rate of return and absence of paper­ obsolete, financially unworkable, crime-rid­ short-term palliative and an easy political wor~ requirements. The national rate con­ den, garbage-strewn, polluted, torn by rac­ solution; but it avoided once again address­ cept was as far as the Commission could go ial confilcts (and) wallowing in welfare, un­ ing directly our need for internal domestic in recognizing the basic laws of economics employment, despair a.nd corruption." He ga.s supplies to fuel our hoped-for domestic while remaining faithful to its mandate of suggested they were "unsalvagea.ble" and economic recovery. cost-based pricing under the Natural Gas "deserved extinction." HISTORY Act, as interpreted by the Phillips decision. Eat your heat out, Mr. Ra.skin. There's a In 1938, Congress passed the Natural Ga.s By 1975, however, the national rate f'or new new day dawning. Act to regulate interstate ga.s pipelines, nat­ natural gas had reached only 52 cents, mean­ ural monopolies which no one State had the ing that natural gas was prlced at roughly power to regulate. The Congress determined one-third of its replacement cost. In addi­ that the natural ga.s pipeline companies car­ tion t..> its bargain prices, gas became more ried on a business which wa.s "affected with attractive as a fuel because of its superior GAS DEREGULATION: A NECESSARY burning qualities, yielding a higher tem­ COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL a public interest" and, a.s such, were sub­ ject to regulation by the Federal Govern­ perature flame with considerably less adverse ENERGY ACT ment. At the same time, recognizing that the environmental impact than substitute fuels. natural ga.s industry wa.s not monolithic, but Because the Clean Air Act penalized. indus­ HON. ROBERT (BOB) KRUEGER that it wa.s composed of three segments­ tries and util1ties for emitting particulates producers, pipelines, and distributors-the and other pollutants resulting from the coal OF TEXAS Congress chose to apply its regulation only combustion process, many businesses turned IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the pipeline company, exempting from Fed­ to burning natural ga.s, which was both cleaner and cheaper. The artificially low reg­ Thursday, July 28, 1977 eral controls the production of natural ga.s at one end of the pipeline and the distribu­ ulated price, far below the replacement cost Mr. KRUEGER. Mr. Speaker, next tion of the ga.s at the opposite end of the of the fuel, gave these users no signal that week the House will consider important pipeline. This approach made eminent sense. they were making wasteful use of a valuable energy legislation reported from several Because any distribution system lay com­ commodity which was in increasingly short House committees. I welcome the fact pletely within a State or local jurisdiction, supply. that this step will lead to implementation. that system, in itself a monopoly, could be Meanwhile, prices in the unregulated in­ regulated most etnciently at the State or trastate market increased reflective of' the of a national energy policy for the first local level. The production of natural ga.s, on higher replacement cost and environmental time in the history of our country. Un­ the other hand, was not a monopoly, since premium inherent in the use of natural gas fortunately, however, I must report that thousands of producers competed for sales instead of coal or oil. The intra.state market some part::; of the energy bill do not to the pipelines. Also, the production of gas did not a.ct to "bleed off" existing interstate merit approval by the House. wa.s already regulated by the various States supplies, but it increasingly attracted the The most glaring deficiency in the Na­ in which the production took place. Thus, lion's share of new gas production and pro­ tional Energy Act is its failure to provide there was no regulatory gap for the Federal ducers began to drill and explore in response for increased energy production, and the Government to fill at this end of the pipe­ to the intra.state gas price, rather than in re­ line, and only the interstate pipelines be­ sponse to the regulated interstate price. The best example of this failure is the bill's came subject to Federal regulation under the interstate gas market, considerably larger natural gas pricing section. The House Natural Gas Act. than its unregulated counterpart, was being Commerce Committee's Subcommittee In 1954, however, the Supreme Court held starved of supply because of' its unrealist­ on Energy and Power approved an al­ that the Natural Ga.s Act, in vesting the ically low regulated price. The interstate ternative policy calling for the deregula­ Federal Power Commission with the respon­ pipelines were not allowed to bid competl~ tion of natural gas, which in the long run sibility to regulate gas sales for resale in tlve prices f'or new gas supplies, with the re­ would be far cheaper than the adminis­ interstate commerce ... Justice William o. sult that these pipelines-and their cus­ tration's proposed extension of Federal Douglas, in an eloquent dissent, cautioned tomers--aimply had to do without adequate gas price controls. Unfortunately, the ad­ his colleagues that regulation of producer gas supplies. sales "involves considerations of which we ACl'ION IN THE 94TH CONGRESS ministration's suggestions were accepted know little and with which we a.re not com­ by the full Commerce Committee and the petent to deal,'' but his good advice went No legislator relishes the idea of increas­ ad hoc committee in lieu of the sub­ unheeded by his colleagues on the court. ing the price of a regulated. commodity, but cormnittee's recommendation. The Nation became set on a course of Fed­ by 1975 the 94th Congress could no longer The Commerce Committee report on eral regulation of producer sales of natural ignore the natural gas crisis. Supplies 1n H.R. 6831 contains additional views on ga.s which ha.s resulted in the present sup­ the interstate market had reached a new ply-demand disequllibrium. low, and curtailment projections f'or the the natural gas pricing section submitted winter months were greater than 2 trllllon by me and seven of my Democratic col­ In the years following the Phillips deci­ sion, the FPC attempted by trial and error cubic feet (tcf). In October, 1975, the Sen­ leagues on the committee. All of us fa­ to determine a method of regulating pro­ ate voted 58-32 to lift Federal price controls vored deregulation over the administra­ ducer sales of natural gas. First, it attempted on producer sales of new natural gas. tion's natural gas proposal, and I would to regulate producers on a ca.se-by-ca.se basis In February, 1976, the House unexpectedly like to read our remarks into the RECORD but this resulted in a 20-year backup of rate opted by four votes for an ephemeral com­ at this time. In addition, I hope that all cases. Then the Commission endeavored to promise deregulating small producers and in­ Members of the House will consider our regulate by an area-rate method, in which creasing the regulation of major producers, position, and vote to deregulate natural gas prices varied depending upon the pa.rt of and no conference was held to bridge the gas prices during House consideration of the country in which the gas was produced. gulf between the House language and the Although this method was less cumbersome Senate bill. Stalemate in the Congress the Energy Act next week: than the case-by-case approach, it wa.s ar­ meant another year under the logically ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF MEssas. KRUEGER, GAM­ bitrary and unjust because the gas produc­ bankrupt system of Federal price controls. MAGE, PREYER, MURPHY, SANTINI, SATl'ER­ tion cost bears less relationship to geog­ THE INTRASTATE MARKET FIELD, ROONEY AND WIRTH raphy than it does to geology. Two relatively Section D of this bill will worsen rather near-gas reservoirs could require drastically Meanwhile, the intrastate natural gas than alleviate our natural ga.s crisis. Given different production methods and costs, market had an adequate supply of natural the experience of last winter the fact of our while other reservoirs hundreds of miles gas for its consumers, albeit at a higher price declining gas supplies and the ample debate apart might entail similar production meth­ than in the regulated interstate market. By on this topic, one would expect better natural ods and coc;ts. 1976, the intrastate market consumed gas legislation to emanate from this com­ Therefore, in 1973, the FPC established a roughly 40 percent of the gas used in the mittee. Instead, the Congress is served up uniform national rate for natural gas sold United States each year. Although the needs part D of this act, a congeries of mismatched into the interstate market, in hopes of mini­ of intrastate consumers were being met, parts which represents only a delaying action mizing producer uncertainty and max1Inizing total use of natural gas in this market has in the long struggle to bring commonsense supplies. The Commissioners realized what declined slightly in recent years, as price­ back to our national energy policy. Like the students of political economy had pointed sensitive industrial and utility users mule, this policy can have no pride of an­ out since Government regulation first be­ switched to substitute fuels when gas prices cestry nor hope of posterity. It is the sterile gan: regulation of a commodity at a price increased. Thus, in contrast to the regulated offspring of economic naivete and political less than that commodity's replacement cost interstate market, price signals in the un­ expedience. Congress must address, not avoid, encourages consumption of the commodity regulated market told these marginal users our national energy probleins. To do so, sec­ and discourages its production. Total gas re­ that they were making nonproductive use of tion D requires replacement or substantial serves had declined from their 1967 peak a commodity in short supply, thereby induc­ revision. When the full committee reversed and, increasingly, new natural gas was enter­ ing them to switch to a more suitable fuel. by a 22-21 vote the proposal of th~ subcom- ing the unregulated intra.state natural gas Low priority users in the interstate market, July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25645

who pa.Id the regulated gas price as dld high cause producers have been exploring and DEREGULATION IS CHEAPER prlorlty users in the interstate market, who dr1lling in response to the $2 intrastate price, The price paid the producer at the well­ pa.Id the same regulated gas price as did high which w111 now revert to $1.60. head accounts for less than one-third of the priority residential and small commercial Perhaps the lea.st desirable of all aspects of average residential blll in the Interstate mar­ consumers, continued to burn the fuel with­ this proposal is its restrictive and unreallstic ket. Consider the example of residential cus­ out regard to Its Increasing scarcity. definition of new natural gas. New natural tomers in New York City in 1975. Of $3 per Although most of the gas burned In the gas is defined as gas produced from new mcf that a residential user paid for gas de­ intra.state market was industrial and utllity wells, the surface location of which is at livered to his household, $2.30 went to the usage, residential consumers were assured lea.st 2.5 miles from an existing well and distribution company inside the city, to am­ of an adequate supply to heat their homes which is produced from a previously un­ ortize pipeline costs; 40 cents went to trans­ and continued employment. Also, residential discovered reservoir. Gas produced from a port the gas from the producing area to New consumers In the intra.state market were new well the surface location of which is York; and only 30 cents went to the producer. investing in exploration for and production less than 2.5 miles from a producing well Pa.rt of the consumer's blll includes fixed of new natural gas supplles by paying today's may receive the new gas price, provided that charges for pipeline maintenance and amor­ replacement costs for the natural gas they it is produced from a previously undiscov­ tization, and these costs a.re spread over the consumed. Although the individual home­ ered reservoir and the completion location volume of gas in the pipeline, whether it is owner's fuel bill had increased, the residen­ of the well ls located 1,000 feet deeper than full or half-empty. Deregulation thus would tial gas consumer in the intra.state market any existing well within the 2.5 mile limit. decrease one part of the residential consum­ still paid only $2 per m1111on Btu's while This complex and cumbersome definition er's bill, since it would result in a greater the electric utllity customer paid from $5 will result in a great deal of confusion and volume of gas flowing through presently un­ to $8 for the same amount of energy. Prices very little, lf any, increased supply. The 2.5 derutilized pipelines. Therefore, the fixed in the Intrastate market have generally sta­ mile figure bears no relationship to the busi­ costs could be apportioned to a larger quan­ bilized at $2 per me! over the pa.st year, and ness of natural gas production and, in fact, tity of gas and a greater number of buyers. some prices have actually declined when results from a compromise between those During committee consideration of this spot surpluses of gas developed in the in­ who have some knowledge of the industry proposal, we were assaulted with various tra.state market. This is the best argument and those who desired a 5-mile limit as re­ studies of the prlce impact of natural gas de­ for deregulation of the entire national gas flected in the earliest drafts of this legisla­ regulation under the Krueger-Brown blll. A market, for it indicates that an unregulated tion. When questioned about the 2.5 mile few of the studies were well done; most were gas market induces supply-demand equ111b­ figure, Dr. Schlesinger termed it a "judg­ irresponsible and politically Inspired. There r1um and that prices stabilize and even ment call" and other administration wit­ ls not ample time to discuss the various pit­ decllne once this equilibrium is reached. nesses offered no greater insight as to why falls of such studies here, but the errors most this arbitrary figure was chosen. Knowledge­ often made were: ( 1) a failure to estimate The tragedy of extending price controls able supporters of the administration's the cost of gas substitutes required because into the intrastate market, which the admin­ plan consider the new gas definition an em­ of shortages resulting from continued regu­ istrator proposal would do, is that our most barrassment. lation; (2) an unwlllingness to recognize useful barometer of energy price perform­ SUBCOMMITTEE ACTION that additional gas supplies would result ance under true market conditions will be from prices higher than the administration's lost. We should emulate, rather than elimi­ The Energy and Power Subcommittee of $1.75 figure; (3) the assumption that pres­ nate, this example of the advantages of the the full Commerce Committee rejected this ently flowing interstate gas would qualify for free market. proposal In favor of H.R. 2088, the Krueger­ the new gas price under deregulation where­ THE CRUNCH Brown deregulation blll, which now has as, in fact, such gas would continue under 80 members of the House as cosponsors. The FPC control; and (4) extremely conservative The gas supply crunch came, as many said Krueger-Brown bill deregulates only new gas It would, last winter when factories, schools estimates of cost of continued gas supply at supplies, maintaining premanent controls current prices for the next several yea.rs. The and commercial establishments served by the over gas presently flowing in the interstate interstate market were forced to close due to best deregulation study we have seen was market and controls any new gas produced that performed by our colleague Mr. Stock­ severe weather and high demand for natural from offshore federal lands for the next 5 gas. One milllon jobs were lost temporarily man. It succumbed to none of the previously years. The Krueger-Brown proposal also es­ mentioned errors and found that deregula­ as factories closed for lack of fuel. The tablishes an agricultural priority for gas use economic damage caused by the gas crisis has tion would save American consumers $48 and eliminates price redetermination clauses blllion between now and 1990. The Brookings never adequately been determined nor can in Intrastate contracts. it be. Still more difficult to quantify, however, Institution in its new study "Setting Na­ was the damage done to our self-respect and COMMITTEE ACTION tional Priorities: the 1978 Budget" stated the self-confidence. The administration spon­ Full committee consideration of the Na­ case succinctly: sored, and Congress adopted, the Emergency tional Energy Act began on a bad note. The The natural gas shortage ls a case study of Natural Gas Act of 1977, which, despite some committee's deliberations, already hampered the potential for disruption when the need imperfections, helped get us through this by a tight schedule imposed by the Speaker, for adjustment to higher energy costs ls very difficult period. were further compllcated by parliamentary camouflaged and response delayed. Because GREAT EXPECTATIONS maneuvers which precluded perfecting any natural gas prices have been held down, more amendments to the blll. The committee was has been consumed, leaving less available Supporters of deregulation anticipated en­ thus faced with a virtual up-or-down deci­ for the future. The lower prices have also actment of gas deregulation legislation in sion on the administration's natural gas meant that less of the resource base has been the 95th Congress for three major reasons. package versus the deregulation blll ap­ exolored and developed. The decline in avail­ First, the winter's experience provided us proved by the subcommittee. The unper­ able reserves has forced some consumers to with an example of what the future might fected admlnistratlon blll won on two nar­ do without. Future demand for natural gas hold unless controls were removed to ellcit row votes, 22-21 and 23-20, and now lles has been increased by the lower prices be­ greater gas production. Second, a number of before the House for decision. cause long-lived gas-specific capital equip­ House members who opposed deregulation in ment has been installed. Thus, serious dls­ the previous Congress had indicated their WHY DEREGULATION IS A MORE EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE equllibrlum now exists between the amount decision to change their position after closer of gas demanded and the amount the indus­ study of the Smith substitute exposed it as Deregulation of new natural gas prices pro­ vides us the best means of achlevlng supply­ try ls capable of supplying, not only at lts an unworkable policy. And third, and most current controlled price, but at its long-run important, a new President had· been elected demand balance In the future. Interstate and Intra.state buyers wlll be able to bid at parity equlllbrlum price as well. This disequillbrulm after promising during the campaign to de­ ls superimposed over what appears to be the regulate new gas prices. for new supplies of gas, and the higher price paid for new gas will induce marginal indus­ rising costs of gas, which will not level off THE NATIONAL ENERGY ACT trial users to convert to alternate fuels. The until either the delivered cost of gas ls great­ Part D of H.R. 6831 deals these hopes a higher price for new supplies of gas wlll also er than that of alternative fuels so that con­ severe blow. Instead of n'-tural gas deregula­ stimulate rather than impede the develop­ sumption shifts to other fuels, or new gas tion, the administration-sponsored legisla­ ment of substitute supplies, such as syngas sources (perhaps synthetic gas or imported tion, now approved by this committee, ad­ and more exotic substitutes, but the residen­ natural gas) become economic at the higher vocates increased Federal price controls over tial consumers will be protected because domestic natural gas price. new gas and extends Federal jurisdiction into pipelines wlll mix the higher cost gas with a Optimal adjustment toward a long-run the intrastate market with no prospect of the pool of lower-cost presently flowing gas, leav­ equlllbrlum ln the natural gas market would termination of price controls of any time in ing little, if any, price increase to be passed affect both production and consumption. the future. The price offered for new natural on to high priority consumers. In addition. Deregulation of natural gas that had not gas is unrealistically low, presently $1.60 with the incremental prlclng provision contained previously been consigned to interstate mar­ a promise of $1.75 sometime during calendar In the Wirth-Krueger-Brown proposal of­ kets would be one means to achieve this year 1978. This blll actually rolls back prices, fered In committee requires that low priority adjustment. On the supply side, deregulation since new gas in the intra.state market cur­ industrial U!'ers absorb the Increased cost of would prompt new exploration and more in­ rentlv sells at $2 per me!. Production will new gas, holding harmless existing residen­ tensive development of known· reservoirs. At decline as a result of passage of this blll be- tial consumer rates. a higher price, the amount of gas marketed 25646 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 28, 19·77 would also be increased because the a.mount that no more reserves exist to be found? The At one time Mrs. Rees worked with her wasted, used in the field, or used for produc­ administration policy is predicated on the husband in the publication of a fort­ ing petroleum would fall owing to its higher assumption that no more reserves remain to nightly newsletter called Information prices it would induce would encourage the be discovered. It is that policy, and not our development of synthetic natural gas and Nation, that is bankrupt. The conclusion we Digest. John Rees has published Infor­ the expansion of liquefied natural gas im­ h.ave reached is that there is ample gas to mation Digest for the past 10 years. As ports at rates that would minimize total en­ be had if we will allow producers adequate noted in a memorandum filed by Mr. ergy costs to the economy. incentives to find it. Ree's attorney in Federal district court, Despite the harmful effect on some con­ CONCLUSION the Information Digest is concerned sumers, gradual decontrol of natural gas A gas deregulation amendment will be con­ with "e.xtremism, public disorder, and would reduce the cost of energy to the econ­ sidered on the House floor and should be terrorism, with terrorism defined as vio­ omy, not increase it. In essence, the higher adopted in lieu of pa.rt D of this a.ct. lence against civilians for the purpose of prices and fuel switching occasioned for Frankly, we can see no reason to continue some consumers would make gas supplies intimidation to achieve a political goal. and exp~nd natural gas controls when the Digest articles, accordingly, have often available to those for whom the alternatives Congress has from the people a mandate to a.re worse. The inemciencies and inequities of reduce rather than increase 1:,ederal regula­ focused on the background, grievances, the present system a.re disguised, but its tion. La.st year producers of natural gas in goals, operations, and real capabilities of benefits to some a.re large and obvious. In the interstate market received $5 billion for social movements and political groups. contrast, decontrol would bring obvious loss­ their gas, which constituted :5 percent of • • • The publication does not focus on es to some but widely dispersed and less the Nation's energy supply. But the new the private acts of individuals, but only readily visible benefits to the economy gen­ Department of Energy has a budget of $10 on their activities as related to the erally. On the whole, the economy would blllion to regulate those sales, and it has pro­ benefit from the more emcient use of energy groups of which they are members." duced negligible energy. We obviously suffer Information Digest is distributed to and other resources that decontrol would from an a.cute case of misplaced priorities. bring. The administration plan jettisons nearly individuals, official agencies persons in The Administration and Library of Con­ 40 years of regulatory and .~udicial experlence the academic community, as well as a gress studies fell prey to all four errors in under the Natural Gas Act because it recog­ number of newspapers and magazines reaching their adverse deregulation impacts nizes that aspect of our energy policy as a.n which either use Information Digest arti­ of $71 and $77 billion respectively. We a.re irremediable failure; however, the a.dm.inis­ cles verbatim or rewrite them in their still a.waiting atonement and propitiation, tra.tion would replace- that failure with an­ own style. I have provided this back­ but none has been forthcoming. other regulatory scheme hoptng that history ground on my employee, her husband RESOURCE BASE will not repeat itself, failing to recognize that it is the concept, rather than the specific and on his newsletter because Jack An­ Another canard supplied us by the oppo­ derson has falsely presented them in nents of deregulation during the course of policy, of Federal regulation of gas prices debate on this bill was the myth of the de­ which is unworkable and counterproductive. sinister, mysterious, clandestine terms. clining resource base. The Administration This Nation has reached a. crossroads in de­ Far from being mysterious and clan­ contended, upon submission of its proposal, termining the course of our future energy destine, John Rees has advised me that that there was no reason to increase gas policy, and the only chance of success lies he has never refused to give copies of the prices above $1.75 because a declining re­ v."ith deregulation of natural gas prices. We Information Digest to anyone who has source base precluded the discovery of sig­ urge this course upon our colleagues in the asked for them for any legitimate reason. nificant supplies of additional gas at prices House. a.s the only way to redress the serious I myself have sent copies of Information higher than this figure. Also, the Administra­ supply-demand imbalance which has inhib­ tion contended that all drllling rigs were in ited our economic growth and stified business Digest reports to persons who have had use so none would be available to produce initiative. Admission of error in the policies an urgent interest in the contents, in the any new gas which might be found at a high­ of the pa.st is a small price to pay for fash­ same manner as I may refer an article er price. The drilling equipment supply in­ ioning a. wiser public policy to serve our from any other publication I read. dustry testified before the Energy and Power needs in the future. Among the media personalities who Subcommittee on more than one occasion ROBERT KRUEGER. have had copies of the Information Di­ that new rigs will be produced in direct pro­ BOB GAMMAGE. gest in the past is Les Whitten, Jack portion to any increased demand for them, RICHARD PREYER. and in any case, more than 1,000 new rigs a.re JOHN M. MURPHY. Anderson's partner, who was given copies scheduled for completion in the next 12 JIM SANTINI. of the Information Digest and informa­ months. In light of this expert testimony, we DAVID E . SA'ITERFIELD Ill. tion in condensed form from it by John believe that the Administration's contention FRED B. ROONEY. Norpel and Alfonso Tarabochia while of drilling-rig scarcity can be set aside. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH. both were employees of the Senate Sub­ FEA's contention that there is little more committee on Internal Security. And on gas to be found has been dealt a mortal blow JACK ANDERSON: SANCTIMONIOUS occasion, Anderson has used facts de­ by its own sibling, the Energy Research and veloped by the Information Digest on Development Administration (ERDA). Their LIAR MOPPS study of gas supplies available under violent groups to spice up his otherwise different pricing scenarios indicates a sub­ dingy column. stantial supply response to prices for gas HON. LARRY McDONALD Anderson used his column attacking higher than $1.75. At a recent Science and OF GEORGIA me to defend the Socialist Workers Technology Committee hearing, an ERDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Party CSWP> and the Clamshell Alliance. omcia.l predicted that the nation would be Yet it is the Clamshell Alliance, whose a.wash with natural gas at a price of $3 per Thursday, July 28, 1977 small leadership cadre includes an ad­ mcf. Although we do not advocate or expect prices at this level, the example serves to Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, Jack mitted saboteur of a nuclear powerplant prove the Administration's contention in­ Anderson has inherited from his late under construction, which for months correct. mentor, Drew Pearson, the reputation plotted the mass violation of law and The notion that we a.re completely running of being the most sanctimonious liar in public order at Seabrook, N.H. out of oil and gas has been going on for many public life. Anderson, who pretends to be The Socialist Workers Party, which years, and has consistenly been wrong. We the conscience of America, shows no con­ Anderson described as "non-violent," 1.s a.re now running out of these fuels. We a.re science in his smearing of those whose in fact the American section of the running out of them if they are to be pro­ work or views displease him. duced at artificially low prices and under Trotskyite Communist Fourth Interna­ regula.tory conditions tha.t make difilcul t Last week Anderson devoted a smear tional, which is actively engaged in ter­ their recovery. column to me, a member of my staff, rorism in Latin America, Western Eu­ In the la.st 10 years we have discovered Louise Rees, and her husband, John rope, and the Middle East. When Ander­ Prudhoe Bay, Ala.ska, the largest proven re­ Rees. Mrs. Rees, an expert on revolu­ son's employee, one Krafowitz, called my serves in the Americas, exceeding the ea.st tionary terrorism and the groups sup­ office before writing the article, a mem­ Texas field and Ma.rica.ibo Bay, Venezuela.. In porting it, came to my staff after work­ ber of my staff, Herbert Romerstein, ad­ the la.st 5 yea.rs England brought in its North ing for the House Committee on Internal vised him that I had put an extensive Sea reserves, which a.mount to two-thirds of the United States' proven reserves. In the Security, where she was responsible for series of reports in the RECORD document­ last year Mexico has found reserves th.at ap­ some of the excellent research and in­ ing the Socialist Workers Party's mem­ pear to be larger than either of these. Sup­ vestigative analysis done by that com­ bership in the Fourth International, doc­ pose exploration for these reserves had mittee on terrorism. For this work umenting that while the SWP believes stopped 10 yea.rs a.go, because a couple of against terrorism, Jack smeared Mr. that terrorism is not at this time an ap­ administration energy advisers had concluded Rees as a "snoop." propriate revolutionary tactic for use in July 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25647 the United States, it does not rule out zens versus the state, had llttle relevance inside locks that can't be opened from the using its "option" for terror tactics under when applled to elected officials versus the outside?" future conditions. I also documented the publlc. I reasoned that an elected official, by "Yes, I think they do." I said. existence of a faction within the SWP his very calling, renounces much of his right "Well, the minute you get in Dodd's office to priva:cy. Certainly he had no right to con­ lock all the doors from the inside. If anyone which supports the use of terrorism now ceal his conduct in office from his constitu­ tries to get in, tiptoe up to the door and as a tactic in this country. Anderson ents, in whose name he acts. The office he listen carefully. They'll have to go back to chose to ignore these facts and white­ holds belongs to the people and his actions in the police office to get help. Walt until you wash the SWP. it are to a large extent public property. If the hear the footsteps die away in the hall, then Anderson's employee asserted that functions of a publlc office are misused, the run for it with the documents the quickest Mrs. Rees had "penetrated" organiza­ public has a paramount right to know about way out. If you think you've been detected, tions to get material for articles pub­ it. When an erring Senator will not open his come right here with the documents.. records voluntarily-and Senate committees They'll be safe here. This house Is never lished in her husband's newsletter, In­ and the Justice Department refuse to sub­ empty. If all goes well, call me, but keep formation Digest. My staff member poena them-then the publlc has no way to your comments guarded. Always assume pointed out to Krafowitz that if this were acquire the ip.formation that rightfully be­ that the phones are tapped, especially mine." true it sounded like a standard journal­ longs to it unless an individual with inside istic practice since in recent years major knowledge t~kes the burden upon himself. The burglary was successful, as was newspapers had had their reporters Such a burden may or may not involve a the destruction of Senator Dodd. But, as "penetrate" a wide range of organiza­ technical violation of the law, depending on we look back at Watergate, which also tions ranging from bogus abortion clinics the confticting interpretations of lawyers. started with a burglary, the question to unorthodox religious groups like the Should one shrink from this debatable vio­ arises, "Is Jack Anderson less guilty Unification Church, to violent subversive lation when to do so means that massive than those who have served prison terms wrongdoing w111 continue and go undetected? for their involvement in Watergate?" totalitarian groups such as the American I concluded that this was a unique situation Nazi Party. for which I knew of no precedents. Rightly The Goldfine case took place in 1958. Krafowitz asked if it were proper for a or wrongly, I judged that the larger ends of Goldfine was the subject of a congres­ person like Mrs. Rees to have a job in a justice would be served by my trespassing in sional investigation regarding influence congressional omce. He was told, "Of Dodd's office and removing all files containing peddling. He came to Washington to course she should; she is a good Ameri­ evidence of misconduct. testify, bringing with him his public re­ can and a defender of American free­ The stolen documents, according to lations man, Jack Lotto. He had met dom." Boyd, were brought to Opal Ginn, an­ with his attorney, Roger Robb, in Lotto's My staff asked Krafowitz in return other Pearson employee, for copying. hotel room. At one point, they discovered whether it were a proper journalistic On:e Boyd decided to do the burglary, a microphone in the room. They traced procedure to burglarize a Senator's of­ Jack Anderson provided him with a pep­ the wire to the next room, where they fice to copy his files or to wiretap a hotel talk and expert advice. Boyd wrote: found Jack Anderson and Baron Shack­ lette, an investigator for the committee room where a man was consulting with On Saturday, whlle waiting for the late his lawyer. Krafowitz vehemently af­ afternoon, when our entry into Dodd's office that had subpenaed Goldfine. firmed these practices were unethical. would be the least subject to detection, we Pearson described the situation in his When asked if he would work for some­ went to see Jack Anderson for a final huddle. diary, which was later published under one who had done both these things Jack was now recuperating at his Bethesda the title "Drew Pearson Diaries, 1949- Krafowitz said "No." Informed that Jack home. Clad in sky-blue pajamas, he was 1959." Pearson wrote: Anderson had done both these things, painfully hobbled but his demeanor was that July 7: I was about to go up to look at the Krafowitz said he had no knowledge of of a patriotic archbishop blessing the troops fa.rm early this morning when Jack called the facts. My staff referred Krafowitz to as they left for the battlefield. me. Jack seldom gets up early so I suspected "What you are doing ls morally right and there was some trouble. There was. He said Les Whitten, Anderson's long-time asso­ I don't think it can, therefore, be legally that he had been in the Carlton Hotel next ciate, and asked Krafowitz whether he wrong," he began softly. "In good conscience, to the room of Jack Lotto, public relations would continue to work for the unethi­ I can't urge you young people to take this man for Goldfine, when someone had reached cal Anderson. Krafowitz said he had bet­ risk-that's entirely up to you. But I must under the door and hooked the microphone ter not answer such a question and ended warn you of the consequences. If you're which he and Baron Shacklette were using. the conversation. caught at it today, you may be ruined. And Lotto had called a press conference and, with even 1! you don't get caught and we get all Roger Robb present, had staged this for the For the benefit of my colleagues and the documents and are completely success­ press. Afterward they banF!'ed on Jack's door the public, including Mr. Krafowitz, the ful in exposing Dodd, 1t will all come out and he finally persuaded Shacklette to admit incidents referred to were the Dodd case when you testify, as you well know, and it them. Goldfine's attorneys were barred, but and the Goldfine case. will follow you all through life. People won't the press was admitted and Shacklette ex­ In 1965, James Boyd came to Jack want to hire you. You may be all through in plained that insomuch as the Goldfine forces Washington because so many here will iden­ were investigating members of the Harris Anderson, then a reporter for Drew Pear­ tify with Dodd. He'll pressure the Senate son, with allegations of misconduct on committee, he in turn was watching the and the Justice Department to go after you, Goldfine forces. Obviously, it didn't make the part of Senator Thomas Dodd of make no mistake about that, and it wlll many headlines, but it was the best expla­ Connecticut. In his book, "Above the be touch and go. nation of a. very embarrassing situation. Law," Boyd described how his dealings "But if you do take this chance"-now Robb, we found later, had pa.id a. local with Jack Anderson caused him to bur­ the old missionary ardor sounded in his Washington detective $500 to look for micro­ glarize Senator Dodd's office. Boyd wrote: voice-"Drew and I will never abandon you, phones and he, in turn, had been tipped otr and we have fifty million readers. We'll pro­ The further I proceeded in relating the ln­ by someon~ in the hotel. What makes it par­ tect the documents, and we'll print all the ticularly bad is that Jack had registered in dlvldual episodes the more apparent became stories, down to the last sordid detall. If the need for documentation. "I belleve what the room under an assumed name. Actually, they want to prosecute you, they'll have Shacklette reelstered for him but this doesn't you tell me," Anderson would say, "but we to prosecute Drew and me, too, because we'll can't go to press on that basis. Some of this look any better. demand to be tried as accompllces. And every I rushed a statement to the press associa­ we can prlnt, based on your testimony and day in our column we'll ask the country the others; but for most of it I need proof tions before leaving the fa.rm, in which I 'Why are they not prosecuting all the Sen­ paraphrased D"e's statement on Sherman of some kind that I can show to Drew and our ators and high officials who leak official pa­ lawyers." Adams: "Jack Anderson, of course, has been pers and classified documents to the press im9rudent. But I need him." For months the key to Dodd's office, which to serve their own ends?' And we'll name lay beside my telephone, had been a dally re­ July 8: Lunched with Marcus Cohn and them, day by day. We'll make this a test case Leona.rd Marks. They were quite nessimistlc minder of what was ahead. Now that moment to prove whether or not the free press in had come. To invade Dodd's office and remove a.bout the genera.I reaction to the incident. his files was an ugly business. Anderson al­ this country has a right to get the facts What has ma.de it bad ls the chaor~e that ways stopped short of recommending it; but about that gentlemen's Cosa Nostra they call some of the documents were stolen. Jack as­ there was no other way to get the proof. I the Congress!" sures me that this was not the case and I be­ was aware of the ethical questions involved, As Jack escorted us to the door, his air lleve him. However, Miss Paperma.n ma.de a 1! not the legal. What about Dodd's right to of milltant evangelism gave way to a re­ hysterical charge that some paners which she privacy, the inviolab111ty of a Senator's official fiectlve look that seemed to embrace recol­ had left in her closet were ransacked and papers, the precept that the end does not lections of fire escapes, stake-outs, and hair­ looted. justify the means? But I concluded that tra­ breadth getaways. ditional concepts of clvll llbertles, developed "Those doors in the Senate Office Bulld­ The chief detective, Sergeant Edgar Scott, with reference to the rights of private cltl- ing,'' be said expertly, "don't they have had demanded that Lotto, Miss Paperman, July 29, 1977 25648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE Jack, and Shacklette take lie detector tests. guilty of the charges against him. The Boyle. At the same time, the UMW had I issued a statement that I would be happy charges against Anderson were quietly reported to the police that their office to take one, since Jim Hagerty had called me dropped. The question remains, however, had been burglarized. The police report a liar, but I don't want Jack taking one. "Since the liberals always tell us that the introduced during the trial showed that Number one, lie detector tests are not co~t guilty have the same legal rights as the no files had been stolen, only office equip­ evidence, and, number two, the big question innocent--why was Anderson allowed to ment. Carey denied that he had removed is what questions are asked on such a. test. violate Goldfine's rights?" any files. Anderson had written in a Pearson's "Diary" continued on July With this evidence on the record, I second column, after repeating the alle­ 10. 1958: would like to ask Anderson's reporter gation. "Our report was based on infor­ The police are pushing Jack for a. lie detec­ Krafowitz the same question he was mation supplied by eyewitnesses and we t.nr test. It has become evident that this is a asked by my staff member. Should you will not retract." public relations game, not a. serious hunt for work for a man like Jack Anderson, who Anderson admitted during the trial evidence. '!he police have already handed in regularly violates journalistic ethics? that they had no eyewitnesses. Ander­ their report that there is no evidence and In November 1975, Jack Anderson was that the case should be dropped. They have son's only source of information was a been quite suspicious of Miss Paperman. on trial in a libel suit brought by Edward woman who had once been employed by Harris told me also that he thought the L. Carey, former Counsel for the United the United Mine Workers and had been Pa.perma.n charges were phony. Jack filed an Mine Workers. Although Anderson was fired in a dispute with Carey. She had a.tnda.vit with the police that he had taken no acquitted on a technicality, the state of told Anderson's reporter that her fath­ papers; he has not refused to take a. lie detec­ our libel law being what it is, he ad­ er-in-law had told her the story. During tor test, but he wants to know the questions mitted under oath that his column about the trial he denied it under oath. which would be asked, etc. Carey was untrue. The man a.t the Carlton who arranged for This is the usual Jack Anderson style. Jack to get the room next to Lotto h ·as been Anderson was asked, "My question is in He tells a lie, repeats it in a further hauled in by the police a.nd grilled at length. the December 15 article, when you ran column, and claims to have eyewitnesses He seems to be a very unstable witness. Mr. Carey's denial, you repeated the lie when none exist. that Carey had removed boxfuls of rec­ During the same trial, Anderson ad­ On October 3, Pearson wrote: ords from Tony Boyle's office. Is that mitted under oath that he had obtained Jack ha.d a long session before the grand jury. They found one of his fingerprints on true?" Anderson answered, "Yes, we re­ and printed secret grand jury minutes. the documents which Miss Pa.perman claims peated that statement." He was asked, This, too, is vintage Jack Anderson. He were stolen. Jack seemed to have done pretty "Repeated that lie?" He answered, "We thinks that he has a right to steal grand well in his testimony. Afterward, the district repeated that statement, and the reason jury minutes, classified documents, and a attorney admitted that this was a sort of that we repeated it was because we had Senator's private papers. Anderson's political case but assured him that there to explain what Mr. Carey was denying." friend, James Bovd, called his book would be no political indictment. The Anderson column had charged "Above the Law." Jack Anderson should Pearson's fingerprint on the stolen that while the United Mine Workers was use that title for his autobiography. document makes it clear why he was under Federal investigation, Carey the Anderson deserves an a ward-an reluctant to take a lie detector test. Sub­ attorney had removed incriminating files award of the basest metal-as the most sequent events showed that Goldfine was from the office of UMW President Tony sanctimonious liar in public life.

HOUSE1 OF REPRESENTATIVES-Friday, July 29, 1977 The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. is not present and make the point of Fascell Hughes Marlenee Fenwick Hyde Marriott The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, order that a quorum is not present. Findley Ireland Mathis D.D., offered the following prayer: The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum Fish Jeffords Mattox is not present. Fisher Jenkins Mazzoli Let the peace of God rule in your Fithian Jenrette Meeds hearts.-Colossians 3: 15. The Sergegnt at Arms will notify ab­ Flood Johnson, Calif. Meyner Eternal Father, we thank Thee for the sent Members. Florio Johnson, Colo. Michel Flowers Jones, N.C. Mikulski rest of the night and for the dawning of The vote was taken by electronic de­ Flynt Jones, Okla. Mikva a. new day. May the coming hours be vice and there were-yeas 342, nays 18, Foley Jones, Tenn. Milford bright with Thy presence and may we answered "present" 1, not voting 72, as Ford, Tenn. Jordan Miller, Calif. do our work faithfully with love and joy follows: Fountain Kasten Miller, Ohio [Roll No. 479] Fowler Kastenmeier Mineta in our hearts. In these decisive days help Fraser Kazen Minish us to realize that Thou art with us seek­ YEAS-342 Frenzel Kelly Mitchell, N.Y. ing to lead us in wise ways toward Addabbo Breaux Cornell Frey Kemp Moakley worthy ends. Akaka Breckinridge Cornwell Fuqua Ketchum Moffett Ale"