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Europa to Spike Crewed Orion? 01> Clarke Centenary 634072 I4is Grand Opening 770038 SpaceFlight A British Interplanetary Society publication Volume 70 No.1 January 2018 £5.00 Europa to spike crewed Orion? 01> Clarke centenary 634072 i4is Grand Opening 770038 9 The story of Apollo 5 CONTENTS Features 14 Science for a Safer World Chris Starr assesses the role of the Sentinel-2B satellite, part of the Copernicus programme, in helping to monitor the planet. 18 MOORE to Remember Stuart Eves imagines M.O.O.R.E., a “virtual 14 Letter from the Editor museum” where microsatellites provide “fly- through” visual scans of historic satellites. Welcome to the January 2018 issue of SpaceFlight, the first of a new design 22 Starship Troupers with more pages and a distinctive style Patrick Mahon reports on the grand opening of that’s in keeping with the progressive i4is – Initiative for Interstellar Studies. aspirations of the British Interplanetary Society – the world’s 24 The launch of Apollo 5 longest-running organisation for space The Editor remembers the first flight of the Lunar advocacy. Module in January 1968 and recalls what it was Thanks and gratitude go to like behind the scenes during this often- 18 22 professional designer Andrée Wilson* overlooked milestone on the race to the Moon. who has developed a style that is a great improvement on the previous 32 Monument to a Space Pioneer look of the magazine, and to Martin Alan Marlow visits a museum in Bavaria dedicated Preston, who has spent a lifetime in to pioneering rocketeer Hermann Oberth. design, editing and publishing, and is now the custodian of putting those 34 1917-2017 A Space Odyssey ideas into practice. We welcome him As part of our centenary series commemorating aboard and thank both for their the life of Arthur C. Clarke, Nick Spall reflects on impressive contributions. mysteries real and imagined. 24 As we look to an exciting space year ahead with lots of events and activities to record, I am proud of the content provided by our contributors, and of the hardworking staff and volunteers Regulars at the BIS who do so much, frequently with few bouquets (and the odd 4 Behind the news *andrée-wilsion.com unwarranted brickbat!), to advance the Orion crewed flights delayed • Enceladus: Society and to support your monthly Saturn’s heat pump 32 magazine – our “new” SpaceFlight. 7 Opinion 10 ISS Report 9 October – 8 November 2017 40 Obituary Richard Francis Gordon (1929-2017) 42 Satellite Digest David Baker 540 – October 2017 [email protected] 46 Society news / Diary 34 COVER: EUROPA CLIPPER HOMES IN ON JUPITER/NASA CLIPPER HOMES EUROPA COVER: What’s happened • What’s coming up OUR MISSION STATEMENT Editor David Baker, PhD, BSc, FBIS, FRHS Sub Editor Ann Page Creative Consultant Andrée Wilson Design & Production MP3 Media Promotion Gillian Norman Advertising Tel: +44 (0)20 7735 3160 Email: [email protected] Distribution Warners Group Distribution, The Maltings, Manor Lane, Bourne, The British Interplanetary Society Lincolnshire PE10 9PH, England Tel: +44 (0)1778 391 000 Fax: +44 (0)1778 393 668 SpaceFlight, Arthur C. Clarke House, 22/29 South promotes the exploration and Lambeth Road, London SW8 1SZ, England Tel: +44 (0)20 7735 3160 Fax: +44 (0)20 7582 7167 Email: [email protected] www.bis-space.com use of space for the benefit Published monthly by the British Interplanetary Society, SpaceFlight is a publication that promotes the mission of the British of humanity, connecting people Interplanetary Society. Opinions in signed articles are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the to create, educate and inspire, Editor or the Council of the British Interplanetary Society. Registered Company No: 402498. Registered charity No: 250556. The British Interplanetary Society is a company limited by guarantee. Printed in England by Latimer Trend & Company Ltd., Plymouth. and advance knowledge in © 2018 British Interplanetary Society. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form all aspects of astronautics. or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording by any information storage or retrieval system without written persmission for the Publishers. Photocopying permitted by license only. SpaceFlight Vol 60 January 2018 3 SLUG BEHIND THE NEWS SLS Block I with the new paint patterns for the Solid Rocket Boosters, imagined as it will stand on LC-39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. ORION–CREWED FLIGHT NO EARLIER THAN 2024? NASA has affirmed its plan to send the SLS/Orion spacecraft to the Moon by mid-2020 – but flights with astronauts could take a further four years. EXPLORATION MISSION-1 (EM-1) will be the first flight of the giant system for the Crew Module and the liquid cooled garment. Also, SLS rocket which NASA has been developing as its deep-space neither emergency nor recovery communications will be launch system supporting extended human space flight around the installed, nor the audio system for crew communications, space Moon and Mars, unmanned missions for lifting heavy spacecraft to suits, a food system or the OASIS. the Red Planet, or dramatically reducing transit time to the outer Constituting the only planned flight for SLS Block I with its giants. However, while there appear no technical hurdles in the path less powerful ICPS upper stage, EM-1 will fly the same retrograde to first-flight, development of two separate launch systems – SLS orbit as that employed by all the Apollo missions to the Moon, Block I with 70 tonnes lift capacity and Block IB lifting 105 tonnes to meaning the spacecraft flies around the Moon in the opposite low Earth orbit – is delaying crewed missions. direction to the Moon’s orbit (and rotation) about Earth. After a In an agency-wide review of the SLS programme, NASA has nominal coast, Orion will reside in an elliptical orbit of 100 x affirmed that while it is still working to an internal management 70,000 km with apolune on the far side of the Moon. The entire flight date of December 2019, possible manufacturing and schedule mission is expected to last between 26 and 42 days before the risks indicate a launch date of June 2020. Moreover, acting Orion spacecraft returns to a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean. Administrator Robert Lightfoot cautions that “several of the key EM-2 will be a repeat flight of EM-1 but with four astronauts on risks identified have not been actually realised”. But this is not the board in a mission lasting up to 21 days. But to achieve the flight only complexity impeding an early flight date for the crewed SLS. objectives, NASA will need to use the more potent Block IB which Budgetary constraints have forced NASA into a potentially carries the more powerful Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) high-risk mission sequence where several key systems, some in the powered by a cluster of four RL-10 engines of Centaur upper critical path for crew safety, are scheduled to fly for the first time stage heritage. Under current planning that will be the first flight on the first manned flight, EM-2. That mission designation is defined of this propulsion system. But there is another possibility which by the flight objectives, to be the first to carry a crew and to qualify has been gaining traction in recent months. a fully operational set of systems and subsystems. But other missions may get in the way of a crewed flight. BUILDING IT BIGGER Primarily, elements of Orion’s environmental control system will Because NASA believes it will take 33 months to reconfigure the not be carried on EM-1, including the air revitalisation subsystem, LC-39B launch pad support infrastructure at the Kennedy Space fire detection and suppression equipment, a pressure regulation Centre to accommodate the taller Block IB, the second launch 4 Vol 60 January 2018 SpaceFlight BEHIND THE NEWS ❝ Robert Lightfoot cautions that “several of the key Briefing risks identified have not been realised” ❞ opportunity for SLS will not occur for a further immediately for a 2022 launch date. three years. It may even be necessary to build a After EM-2 there is the prospect of an EM-3 in second Mobile Launch Platform but that is not June 2025 followed a year later by another yet in the budget. Aside from that, however, the planetary flight: SM-2 carrying the Europa Lander, US Congress is particularly keen to use a Block IB another mission strongly favoured by a Congress to fly the Europa Clipper orbiter to Jupiter. In which has the keys to the money bag. EM-3 would which case, Science Mission-1 (SM-1), as it is consolidate the DSG with a docking and crew called, would fly the first Block IB, demonstrating transfer, something which would not have been this second variant of SLS on a planetary mission achieved on EM-2. But SM-2 would be the first before risking a crew. flight with the RS-25E engines, qualifying them If SMS-1 is launched in July 2023 at the for crewed flights resuming with EM-4 in 2027. opportune Jovian launch window, the earliest But the mid-2020s could get crowded, for there crewed flight of EM-2 would be June 2024, since are already several high-profile planetary NASA plans to fly only one SLS a year and the missions under consideration. infrastructure to support crewed operations Given NASA’s predilection for honouring the would probably not be ready before then. But Decadal Planetary Missions plan, there is strong A Black Brant sounding rocket carries ASPIRE on a Mars 2020 parachute test. there are other knock-on effects from a flat-lined support from the science community for an NASA budget which might make this attractive.
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