Buffel Grass Roadside Survey March 2015
Adrian Harvey Biosecurity Consultant WWW.RURALSOLUTIONS.SA.GOV.AU
RURAL SOLUTIONS SA ABN 53 763 159 658 Level 16, 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide SA 5000 GPO Box 1671, Adelaide SA 5001 DX 667 T 08 8463 3335 T 1300 364 322 F 08 84633336 E [email protected] W www.ruralsolutions.sa.gov.au
Prepared by:
Adrian Harvey
Consultant, Rural Solutions SA
Office: (08) 8762 1955
Fax No: (08) 8764 7477
Email: [email protected]
© Rural Solutions SA 2015
This work is copyright. Unless permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from Rural Solutions SA. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to Brett Bartel, Business Manager, Rural Solutions SA, GPO Box 1671, Adelaide SA 5001.
Disclaimer
Any advice or information contained in this report has been prepared solely for the use of Biosecurity SA, a division of PIRSA and should not be provided to any other party (in whole or in part) without the prior written consent of Rural Solutions SA. No responsibility to any third party is accepted as the report has not been prepared, and is not intended, for any person other than Biosecurity SA, a division of PIRSA. Rural Solutions SA will not be responsible for the effect upon the accuracy, completeness, currency or reliability of the report of any material or information supplied to Rural Solutions SA by Biosecurity SA, a division of PIRSA or any other party.
This project was funded through the Native Vegetation Council’s Significant Environmental Benefit Grants Scheme.
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2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA
Table of Contents
1 BACKGROUND ...... 1
2 METHOD ...... 1 2.1 Survey route 1 2.2 Data collection 2 2.3 Survey limitations 5
3 SURVEY SUMMARY ...... 5 3.1 Survey area 5 3.2 Weather conditions 5 3.3 Specimen collection 6 3.4 Summary of buffel grass occurrences 8 3.4.1 WHITE HORSE PLAINS/ TWO WELLS/MALLALA REGION ...... 9 3.4.2 PORT WAKEFIELD ...... 9 3.4.3 PIMBA TO GLENDAMBO...... 9 3.4.4 PIMBA/ ROXBY DOWNS/ BOREFIELD RD ...... 9 3.4.5 MARLA TO OODNADATTA VIA LAMBINA STATION...... 10 3.4.6 OODNADATTA TO MT DARE VIA HAMILTON STATION, ERINGA WATERHOLE, ABMINGA SIDING ...... 10 3.4.7 WITJIRA NATIONAL PARK ...... 11 3.4.8 OODNADATTA TO CADNEY ROADHOUSE ...... 12 3.4.9 BULGUNNIA TO TARCOOLA ...... 12 3.4.10 TARCOOLA TO GLENDAMBO ...... 13 3.4.11 KINGOONYA TO IRON KNOB, KIMBA, WIRRULLA ...... 13
4 DISCUSSION...... 14
5 APPENDIX...... 15 5.1 Appendix A: Cenchrus sp. Specimens Collected During Survey 15 5.2 Appendix B: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey Results, March 2015 18 5.3 Appendix C: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey Attributes 21
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA
Table of Figures
FIGURE 1: REGIONAL MONTHLY RAINFALL SUMMARIES OCTOBER 2014 – MARCH 2015 ...... 3
FIGURE 2: SURVEY ROUTE AND SPECIMEN COLLECTION LOCATIONS - MARLA/OODNADATTA TO SA/NT BORDER ...... 5
FIGURE 3: SURVEY ROUTE & SPECIMEN COLLECTION LOCATIONS - TARCOOLA/ROXBY DOWNS/KIMBA REGION ...... 6
FIGURE 4: SURVEY ROUTE AND SPECIMEN COLLECTION LOCATIONS - WHITE HORSE PLAINS / TWO WELLS REGION ...... 7
FIGURE 5: BUFFEL GRASS ROADSIDE SURVEY 2005 TO 2015 ...... 8
FIGURE 6: BUFFEL GRASS AMONGST OTHER GRASSES ON ROADSIDE VERGE AT PIMBA (CJB 6238) ...... 9
FIGURE 7: BUFFEL GRASS PLANT ON BOREFIELD RD (CJB 6233). NB PINK FLAGGING TAPE ON ADJACENT PLANT...... 9
FIGURE 8: BUFFEL GRASS ON VERGE OF OODNADATTA TRACK, TODMORDEN STATION (CJB 6172) ...... 120
FIGURE 9: SMALL ISOLATED INFESTATIONS EXIST ON ROADSIDE LEADING TO HAMILTON STATION (CJB 6186)… ...... 120
FIGURE 10: INDIVIDUAL PLANTS SURROUND THE ERINGA WATERHOLE (CJB 6211) ...... 120
FIGURE 11: BUFFEL GRASS IN SANDY DRAINAGE LINE, NEW CROWN STATION (CJB 6197) ...... 120
FIGURE 12: BUFFEL GRASS EXTEND INTO SURROUNDING DUNE SYSTEM AT FEDERAL HS / BLOODS CREEK, WITJIRA NP (CJB 6209) ...... 131
FIGURE 13: HIGH DENSITY INFESTATION NORTH OF OPOSSUM WATERHOLE, WITJIRA NP (CJB 6203) ...... 131
FIGURE 14: BUFFEL GRASS IN SANDY DUNE SYSTEM AROUND DALHOUSIE, WITJIRA NP (CJB 6205) ...... 131
FIGURE 15: BUFFEL GRASS EXTENDING DOWN DRAINAGE LINE KEMPE RD, ALLANDALE STATION (CJB 6125)...... 142
FIGURE 16: BUFFEL GRASS AROUND GRID, BULGUNNIA STATION (CJB 6223)...... 142
FIGURE 17: BUFFEL GRASS ON ENTRANCE TO TARCOOLA (CJB 6228) ...... 142
FIGURE 18: BUFFEL GRASS POPULATION ON ROAD VERGE BETWEEN KINGOONYA AND GLENDAMBO ...... 153
FIGURE 19: BUFFEL GRASS ALONG RAIL / ROAD CORRIDOR BETWEEN TARCOOLA & GLENDAMBO ...... 153
FIGURE 20: SPARSE BUFFEL GRASS POPULATION EXTENDING INTO THE NATURAL ZONE, KOKOTHA STATION (CJB 6250) ...... 153
FIGURE 21: BUFFEL GRASS IN ROAD VERGE LAKE EVERARD / KOKOTHA ...... 153
FIGURE 22: BUFFEL GRASS ROADSIDE SURVEY RESULTS, MARCH 2015 – NORTHERN PORTION ...... 18
FIGURE 23: BUFFEL GRASS ROADSIDE SURVEY RESULTS, MARCH 2015 – CENTRAL PORTION ...... 19
FIGURE 24: BUFFEL GRASS ROADSIDE SURVEY RESULTS, MARCH 2015 – SOUTHERN PORTION ...... 20
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA 1 Background
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is a perennial tussock grass native to Africa, India and Asia. Since its introduction into central and northern Australia for pasture improvement and for dust control, buffel grass has spread widely across many landscapes. Buffel grass is widely distributed across northern arid South Australia as scattered infestations varying in size and density.1
Most infestations occur in South Australia’s arid rangelands. The actual distribution of buffel grass however is likely to be larger than is currently known. Natural spread and the establishment of new infestations continues to take place.
Buffel grass has been recognised as one of the worst weeds to invade Australia’s arid rangelands. It is favoured as a pasture species and despised as an environmental weed is due to its ease of establishment, rapid growth rate, fast maturation, prolonged flowering periods, prolific seed production and high seed dispersal ability, coupled with relatively long seed dormancy (Franks 2002). Buffel grass is tolerant of drought, fire and grazing.
Roadside surveys provide a rapid insight into the status of roadside distribution across SA. Surveys conducted since 2005, have examined and mapped the majority of roadsides in far north SA.
2 Method 2.1 Survey route
The March 2015 survey route was designed to supplement and complement previous buffel grass roadside surveys. These surveys aim to provide an accurate record of buffel grass occurrence along roadways that are in susceptible habitats. Previous survey reports were examined for ‘gaps’ in survey data, and the resultant survey route was developed and agreed upon with Troy Bowman, Buffel Grass Operations Coordinator, prior to undertaking the field survey. The actual route undertaken during this survey was recorded via vehicle track log and can be viewed in Figure 5 and Appendix B.
Surveys are typically conducted at 60 – 80 km/hr dependent on many variables including roadside width, density of vegetation cover and road condition. Once infestations are sighted, the vehicle is stopped and reversed to the first sighted individual, after which the survey resumes at a reduced speed, approx. 20 km – 40 km/hr until no further plants are visible for a period >100m. PAGE 2 The survey team consists of an observer and a driver. The observer scans and maps the presence of buffel grass and, where it is safe and practical to do so, the driver will assist in identifying buffel grass infestations. The survey team for the March 2015 survey comprised of Chris Brodie, Weeds Botanist, State Herbarium of SA and Adrian Harvey, Rural Solutions SA.
The March 2015 survey was conducted on behalf two agencies; Biosecurity SA and the Kingoonya NRM Group of the Natural Resources SA Arid Lands.
Road portions and tracks scheduled for the March 2015 survey were;
Biosecurity SA;
Stuart Hwy - Marla to Oodnadatta
1 Biosecurity SA (2012). South Australia Buffel Grass Strategic Plan: A plan to reduce the weed threat of buffel grass in South Australia. Government of south Australia
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 1 Stuart Hwy - Pimba to Glendambo Oodnadatta to Mount Dare Hotel via Eringa/ Abminga, via Blood Creek, Via Pedirka Mount Dare hotel to Dalhousie Springs Ankata Painted Desert/ Kempe Rd (Oodnadatta to Cadney Roadhouse/Homestead via loop through painted desert region via Arckaringa, Evelyn Downs, Mount Barry stations Pimba to Roxby Downs; and Roxby Downs to Oodnadatta Track (i.e. Borefield Road).
Kingoonya NRM Group;
Glendambo to Tarcoola Stuart Hwy - Bulgunnia Station turn off to Tarcoola Kingoonya to Iron knob Kingoonya to Wirrulla; and Thurgla Station to Kimba.
2.2 Data collection
Data capture was conducted utilising a Motion Computing https://www.motioncomputing.com touchscreen F5 tablet running ArcGIS mobile software. A Trimble Nomad running the same software package was utilised as back up equipment.
A track log was recorded throughout the survey. The track log may also be utilised as a record of absence, by converting to a line feature and clipping out the points at which the track log and infestation details converge. The remaining portion of the converted track log will then represent a record of absence.
Data collection has been described in previous reports by Shepherd. B. & Marshall. V., 2010, May 2010 roadside buffel grass survey – a report to NRM Biosecurity Unit, PIRSA. A summarised table of attributes and descriptions is provided in Appendix C.
Point and line data collected during the survey includes;
Point Data fields collected;
Number of plants Survey date Diameter infestation Treatment date Density; sparse, low , medium, high Treatment – chemical, hand removal Specimen – collection number from Chemical – Glyphosate, GlyphosatePAGE 2 + specimen book Flupropanate, Flupropanate; and Comments - description of location Collector.
Line Attributes collected;
Disturbance zone density; absent, Natural zone information; Drainage line, sparse, low, medium, high Gilgai, Other Disturbance zone information; culvert Comments including specimen number if only, borrow pit, other collection made Natural zone density; absent sparse , Survey Date; and low, medium, high Collector. Natural zone extent; 0-10m,11-50m, patchy, widespread
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2.3 Survey limitations
While every effort has been made to locate all buffel grass infestations, there are limitations which can mask or restrict the sighting of an individual plant or an infestation.
While the primary observer (passenger) attempted to survey both sides of the road and the driver surveyed the right hand side of the road where safe and practical, the left hand side of the road was surveyed more thoroughly than the right, simply because the primary observer was on the left hand side of the vehicle and more able to look at this side more of the time.
At times the natural zone was unable to be thoroughly viewed due to obstacles such as thick and tall vegetation and low observation points. Where the road formation was lower than natural ground level, clear vision was restricted. Other limitations like low sun angles, glare and excessive shadowing also restricted the observation of buffel grass on occasion.
Livestock grazing may mask the true extent of buffel grass infestations in both the disturbance and natural zones. 3 Survey Summary 3.1 Survey area
The survey was conducted March 10th through March 20th 2015 inclusive. Approximately 6500km were travelled, while actual survey length covered 2,950 km (Biosecurity SA - 1,675km, Kingoonya NRM Group - 1,275km) Survey route/track log and buffel grass infestation maps can be viewed in Appendix B 3.2 Weather conditions
Rainfall recordings for the far north region of SA were sourced from Bureau of Meteorology, www.bom.gov.au, accessed on 31st March 2015 and summarised into northern, central and southern regions of the survey area.
Figure 1: Regional monthly rainfall summaries October 2014 – March 2015
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 3 The whole survey area had received a rainfall event during October – December 2014, with the majority of rainfall being experienced in mid-January 2015. Minimal rainfall was experienced during February and March 2015 across the whole of the far north of SA.
The dry conditions in the two months before the survey being conducted were reflected by the dry and desiccated condition of the buffel grass infestations. As a result, some infestations may have been masked and remained undetected as they would have blended in with the other grasses in the landscape, particularly if no seed head remained. 3.3 Specimen collection
Approximately 130 plant specimens were collected during the survey period, 54 of these have been confirmed as Cenchrus species. A list of the 54 Cenchrus sp. specimens collected during the survey can be found in Appendix A. These 54 Cenchrus specimens have been entered into the SA herbarium records. This data will contribute to the existing records and are available for download via sites like Australia’s Virtual Herbarium, www.avh.com.au and Atlas of Living Australia, www.ala.gov.au.
The figures on the following pages provide a spatial representation of the surveys track log and the collection sites of the 54 Cenchrus sp.
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Figure 2: Survey route and specimen collection locations - Marla/Oodnadatta region to SA/NT Border
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Figure 3: Survey route & specimen collection locations - Tarcoola/Roxby Downs/Kimba region
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Figure 4: Survey route and specimen collection locations - White Horse Plains / Two Wells region
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 7 3.4 Summary of buffel grass occurrences
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Figure 5: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey 2005 to 2015
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 8 3.4.1 White Horse Plains/ Two Wells/ Mallala region
Roadside survey radiated outward from known locations along the Port Wakefield Hwy.
One infestation (CJB 6150, see figure 4) is located in the vicinity of 5955 Port Wakefield Road on both western and eastern side road verges. Isolated plants extend approximately 100m south and 200m north of the property entrance. Individual plants that were observed were treated during the survey. There is evidence of spraying that has been conducted in recent years (tyre marks, dead plants).
Most plants mapped and treated were small juveniles. It is recommended that monitoring and treatment occur after each summer rainfall event occurs at this site.
Landscapes to the West of Port Wakefield Road progress toward coastal saline marsh flats. It is highly likely that these areas would be unsuitable for buffel establishment and persistence.
Several older Cenchrus data points were investigated around the Two Wells/ Angle Vale area. These appeared to be associated with C. longispinus/ incerturs, Innocent Weed rather than Buffel grass. 3.4.2 Port Wakefield
New record (CJB 6159, see figure 4) is located approximately 5km north of Port Wakefield township, on the road to Port Pirie. This is a mature established infestation covering approximately 50 -75 sq. m. It was treated with foliar spray during the survey but will require ongoing monitoring and treatment. 3.4.3 Pimba to Glendambo
Multiple roadside infestations of varying densities exist along this section. In particular medium density infestations, extending more than 50m into the natural zone exist in the vicinity of Lake Hart (CJB 6161 see figure 3). There is some evidence of spraying occurring in this area. 3.4.4 Pimba/ Roxby Downs/ Borefield Rd
Pimba to Roxby Downs. A sole occurrence occurred along the eastern road verge adjacent the roadhouse, amongst other native and introduced grasses.
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Figure 6: Buffel grass amongst other grasses on Figure 7: Buffel grass plant on Borefield Rd roadside verge at Pimba (CJB 6238) (CJB 6233). NB Pink flagging tape on adjacent plant Borefield road (Roxby Downs to Oodnadatta track) Isolated plants were observed within the BHP lease area. B uffel grass plants are being marked and controlled. “Buffel Eradication Area” signs are displayed on the principal entry and exit of roads leading to Roxby Downs.
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 9 On the remainder of the road, isolated infestations exist and are uncontrolled. Pastoral properties which span/border this road, have or are in the process of seeking organic property status. Thus control alternatives to chemicals need to be investigated and conveyed to land managers. 3.4.5 Marla to Oodnadatta via Lambina Station
Extensive infestations exist around the Marla Roadhouse and township, these infestations are isolated around the township and do not extend along the Oodnadatta track.
Buffel grass was observed around the cattle yards and in isolated infestations along the roadside of the old Oodnadatta track, see map in Appendix B.
Small isolated infestations exist close to the road verge along the reminder of the Oodnadatta track. Figure 8: Buffel Grass on verge of Oodnadatta Track, Todmorden Station (CJB 6172) 3.4.6 Oodnadatta to Mt Dare via Hamilton Station, Eringa waterhole, Abminga siding
Oodnadatta to Hamilton Station. Only isolated infestations exist along this portion of the road, while a significant population of buffel grass surrounds Hamilton Station homestead and adjacent creek.
Land managers informed us that the infestation extended down the creek adjacent to the Pedirka Track (closed due to unsafe track conditions).
Hamilton to Eringa waterhole / Abminga siding. We observed isolated populations of buffel grass around tourist sites of Eringa Waterhole and Abminga siding (working cattle yard).
Abminga to Mt Dare, the soils in this area are mainly heavy clay and gibber flats. Buffel grass was only observed adjacent to the track where it was associated with sandy drainage lines, road verges and in grader reels. Figure 9: Small isolated infestations exist on roadside leading to Hamilton StationPAGE (CJB 2 At Mt Dare Hotel an extensive population of buffel grass 6186) surrounds the entrance, airfield and buildings.
Figure 10 Individual plants surround the Eringa Figure 11: Buffel grass in sandy drainage Waterhole (CJB 6211) line, New Crown Station (CJB 6197) 2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 10 3.4.7 Witjira National Park
Multiple infestations were observed within the Witjira National Park. Several smaller sparse infestations exist in creeks and extend into the dune systems around locations including Federal HS /Bloods creek and Dalhousie springs, while much larger and higher density infestations exist just north of Opossum waterhole.
Figure 12: Buffel grass extend into surrounding Figure 13: High density infestation north of dune system at Federal HS / Bloods Creek, Opossum Waterhole, Witjira NP (CJB 6203) Witjira NP (CJB 6209)
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Figure 14: Buffel grass in sandy dune system PAGE 2 around Dalhousie, Witjira NP (CJB 6205)
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3.4.8 Oodnadatta to Cadney Roadhouse
The only observed and recorded infestation in this region was found approximately 10km south of Oodnadatta in a creek line on Allandale station. No observations were made for the remainder of the route via Evelyn Downs / Mount Barry / Arckaringa loop. In fact, the area was devoid of much of the grassland/ plains vegetation.
Figure 15: Buffel grass extending down drainage line, Kempe Rd, Allandale station (CJB 6125). 3.4.9 Bulgunnia to Tarcoola
Stuart Hwy to Bulgunnia Station homestead. Previously recorded infestations on the Stuart Hwy are dense and widespread. Infestations decrease to smaller, sparse density and individual plants around grids and fence lines as we progressed west further from the highway. This road is a high traffic road used to support mining in region of Bulgunnia Station. Beyond Bulgunnia station homestead toward Tarcoola, only isolated plants were observed to the edge of Tarcoola township where medium density populations were observed.
Figure 16: Buffel grass around grid, Bulgunnia Figure 17: Buffel grass on entrance toPAGE Tarcoola 2 Station (CJB 6223) (CJB 6228)
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3.4.10 Tarcoola to Glendambo
Infestations are numerous and widespread between Tarcoola and Kingoonya. Most populations are within and distributed along the road/rail corridor with minimal observation of populations within the natural zone. Medium to low density populations can be found in the vicinity of the townships of Tarcoola and Kingoonya.
Between Kingoonya to Glendambo, only small sparse populations or individual plants were observed on the road verges.
Figure 18: Buffel grass population on road verge Figure 19: Buffel grass along rail / road corridor between Kingoonya and Glendambo between Tarcoola & Glendambo
3.4.11 Kingoonya to Iron Knob, Kimba, Wirrulla
South of Kingoonya there are sparse infestations on the verges of the road which bisects Kokotha Station.
The road junctions at “Skull Camp Tank” where the road to the west bisects Lake Everard Station and to the east the road bisects Kangaroo Well Station. The only observations recorded were on the western road toward Lake Everard.
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Figure 20: Sparse buffel grass population extending into the natural zone, Kokotha Station (CJB 6250)
Figure 21: Buffel grass in road verge Lake Everard / Kokotha
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 13 4 Discussion
In preparation for the survey, the far north pastoral properties were contacted and alerted about the survey. Each land manager was asked if their property had organic accreditation or were in the process of seeking organic accreditation, this dictated whether chemical treatment (glyphosate + flupropanate) could occur as a part of the survey. The majority of the properties contacted were either currently certified or were in the process of seeking organic accreditation. Many of the roads which were scheduled to be surveyed transect pastoral properties which do not fence off roadside verges, thus any activities e.g. roadside verge chemical applications are likely to influence their production system. Due to the organic status and un-fenced nature of many pastoral properties in the survey area, limited chemical control was undertaken as part of the survey.
In speaking with landholders it was evident that buffel grass is seen for its virtues, however many land managers do recognise that it can become problematic to natural systems by altering fire regimes and fire intensity, and encroachment into native grasslands. By and large, pastoralist recognition of impacts associated with buffel grass is far outweighed by the perceived benefits to pastoral production in the survey area.
As is the case throughout a majority of South Australia, buffel grass in the survey area showed a tendency to infest roadsides, rail corridors and areas of increased moisture availability. In areas of widespread or long-term infestation, buffel grass has expanded its distribution to include drainage lines and sandy country in the naturalised zone. A majority of infestations mapped as part of this survey were still in an early stage of invasion consisting of small clumps or isolated individual plants.
Infestations in the region of White-Horse Plains and Port Wakefield consisted of small clumps and isolated individual plants restricted to the road verge only. Although all individual plants seen were controlled as part of this survey, it is recommended that all buffel grass in the region be monitored and controlled following future summer rains in line with the Buffel Grass Strategic Plan 2012-2017.
An area of particular concern includes the region around Witjira National Park. Infestations range from small patches to well established dense populations that have invaded drainage lines and high value assets such as the dune systems at Dalhousie Springs. Targeted control of outlier and key source populations could be considered in an effort to protect sites in addition to preventing buffel grass establishment in the Simpson Desert and nearby drainage lines.
Extensive high density infestations exist around the Marla roadhouse and township. Given the high number of vehicles that utilize the Marla roadhouse and the limited distribution of buffel grass along the Oodnadatta track, use of awareness-raising signs would be beneficial in an effort to encourage vehicle hygiene and reduce the likelihood of spread from Marla to the surrounding arid lands.
Isolated populations were observed around the tourist sites of Eringa Waterhole and Abminga sidingPAGE stock 2 yards and Lake Hart. Due to human activity, vehicle/machinery and stock movement being recognised as key vectors for the spread of buffel grass, priority control should be encouraged in these high traffic areas to prevent further spread.
A summarised map of survey results 2005 to 2015, including results from this survey can be seen in Figure 5 PAGE 14 above, detailed maps highlighting density in the disturbed and natural zones can be viewed in Appendix B. PAGE 15
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5 Appendix Appendix A: Cenchrus sp. Specimens Collected During Survey
Collection Botanical name Common GPS Location no. name CJB 6150 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S34 58 30 2. E138 31 51 5. N. of Dublin CJB 6151 Cenchrus setaceus Fountain S34 26 16 6. E138 29 05 7. Dublin to Mallala Rd grass CJB 6152 Cenchrus longispinus Innocent S34 27 04 5. E138 24 57 2. E. of Dublin on corner of Shannon rd. weed CJB 6153 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S34 28 34 3. E138 22 50 4. By Pt Wakefield rd. by 9 Carslake Rd. CJB 6159 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S34 09 33 1. E138 09 39 4. Just N. of Pt Wakefield on Rd. side. CJB 6161 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 24 13 5. E136 58 93 0. Stuart Hwy, 26 km S. of Pimba CJB 6163 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 15 45 0. E136 35 39 0. StuartPAGE Hwy, 2 20.5 km N. of Pimba CJB 6165 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 13 55 0. E136 24 57 1. Stuart Hwy, 75 km S. of Glendambo CJB 6169 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass 134°19'57.111"E 70-80 km ENE of Marla roadhouse on eastern side of Lambina Station 27°1'15.345"S CJB 6170 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S27 18 59 0. E133 37 17 6. c. 100Km E of Marla on Oodnadatta track on Todmorden Station CJB 6171 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S27 15 23 5. E134 53 35 7. c. 65 km W. of Oodnadatta on Todmorden Station CJB 6172 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S27 16 35 8. E134 57 44 6. c. 61 km W. of Oodnadatta on Todmorden Station CJB 6173 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S27 19 01 0. E135 04 54 0. c. 50 km from Oodnadatta CJB 6174 Cenchrus pennisetiformis Buffel grass S27 26 11 8. E135 21 48 5. c. 15 km from Oodnadatta CJB 6175 Cenchrus pennisetiformis Buffel grass S27 30 22 3. E135 25 11 4. c. 2 km W. of Oodnadatta by rd side. CJB 6176 Cenchrus pennisetiformis Buffel grass 135°18'57.933"E c. 25 km N. of Oodnadatta by rd side. Todmorden Station. 27°21'7.346"S CJB 6177 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass 135°17'9.265"E c. 35-40 km N. of Oodnadatta by rd side. Mt Sarah Station. 27°14'48.043"S
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PAGE 15 Collection Botanical name Common GPS Location no. name CJB 6184 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 47 04 7. E135 10 34 7. c. 93 km N. of Oodnadatta. By rd side. Mt Sarah Station. CJB 6186 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 44 43 0. E135 07 38 6. c. 110 km N. of Oodnadatta. By rd side. Mt Sarah Station. Near Hamilton Station CJB 6190 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 43 14 9. E135 05 20 4. c. 111 km N. of Oodnadatta. By road side. Mt Sarah Station. Near Hamilton Station CJB 6196 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 07 52 8. E134 51 02 4. c. 196 km NNW of Oodnadatta at Abminga siding for Old Ghan, Crown Point Station CJB 6197 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S25 57 04 7. E134 58 27 7. NT? Crown Point station CJB 6198 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S25 59 37 9. E135 11 54 8. SA, on SA - NT boarder on Witjira NP CJB 6202 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 04 11 9. E135 14 51 5. Mt Dare Hotel, Witjira NP CJB 6203 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 20 32 1. E135 15 34 9. Witjira NP, c. 2 km S of Sodona Waterhole CJB 6204 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 27 05 6. E135 23 37 6. Witjira NP, c. 45 km S of Mt Dare Hotel CJB 6205 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 26 42 9. E135 28 28 4. Witjira NP, c. 55 km S of Mt Dare Hotel, C. 3 km from Dalhousie CJB 6209 Cenchrus pennisetiformis Buffel grass S26 18 09 6. E135 10 34 8. Witjira NP, on Bloods road C 8km from junction to Dalhousie Springs (35km) Mt Dare (35km) and Oodnadatta (23KM) PAGE 2 CJB 6211 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S26 17 18 7. E134 43 42 9. Oodnadatta to Mt Dare track on road side by Erigha Waterhole CJB 6214 Cenchrus pennisetiformis Buffel grass S27 35 23 4. E135 27 04 8. c. 2 km S of Oodnadatta c. 100m from Junction with Painted desert road CJB 6215 Cenchrus pennisetiformis Buffel grass S27 36 49 0. E135 25 29 4. c. 5 KM SW of Oodnadatta on Oodnadatta track CJB 6223 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 09 50 8. E135 06 50 8. Stuart Hwy c. 150 km S. of Cobber , on Bulgummia Road CJB 6224 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 10 06 0. E135 02 02 0. Stuart Hwy c. 150 km S. of Cobber , on Bulgummia Road CJB 6225 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 10 04 8. E135 00 50 0. Stuart Hwy c. 150 km S. of Cobber , on Bulgummia Road CJB 6226 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 26 34 4. E135 43 06 5. Stuart Hwy, on Wilgena station, c. 5 east Ealbara Station CJB 6227 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 53 53 2. E135 13 23 4. Lake Gairdner area on Glendambo to Tarcoola Road CJB 6228 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 42 35 5. E135 34 25 4. Tarcoola Township CJB 6229 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 43 53 6. E134 41 50 9. E. of Tarcoola Township at rail crossing, c. 100kmW. of Glendambo CJB 6230 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 51 03 5. E134 54 43 3. E. of Tarcoola Township, c. 75kmW. of Glendambo CJB 6231 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 51 13 9. E135 00 45 2. E. of Tarcoola Township, c. 65kmW. of Glendambo CJB 6232 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 46 56 3. E135 21 03 5. North well Station N of Kingoonya
2015, COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE, RURAL SOLUTIONS SA PAGE 16 Collection Botanical name Common GPS Location no. name CJB 6233 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 22 25 3. E136 55 31 5 N. of Roxby Downs & Olympic Dam on Borefield rd. CJB 6234 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 14 33 3. E136 58 03 5. N. of Roxby Downs & Olympic Dam on Borefield rd. CJB 6235 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S29 54 09 0. E137 50 49 1. c. 75km N. of Roxby Downs & Olympic Dam on Borefield rd. CJB 6236 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S29 42 01 0. E137 16 18 0. c. 100km N. of Roxby Downs & Olympic Dam on Borefield rd. CJB 6238 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 15 16 4. E136 48 14 5. Just of Stuart Hwy at Pimba by road side at Servo PAGE 16 CJB 6243 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 57 54 6. E135 44 07 3. Just W of Glendambo c. 1km from Stuart Hwy CJB 6244 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S30 55 36 8. E135 24 03 1. Just W of Glendambo c. 7km from Stuart Hwy CJB 6245 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 28 02 9. E135 22 21 4. Lake Gairdner area c 60-70km S of Kingoonya CJB 6246 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 02 24 5. E135 22 18 8. Lake Gairdner area Kokotha Station CJB 6247 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 28 02 9. E135 22 21 4. Lake Gairdner area c 60-70km S of Kingoonya CJB 6248 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 39 48 6. E135 16 02 0. Lake Everard Station NW of Mt Sim CJB 6249 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 40 14 6. E135 22 51 4. Lake Everard Station NW of Mt Sim CJB 6250 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass S31 37 44 0. E135 25 35 0 Kokotha Station
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5.1 Appendix B: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey Results, March 2015
Figure 22: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey results, March 2015 – northern portion
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Figure 23: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey Results, March 2015 - central portion
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Figure 24: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey March 2015 - southern portion
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5.2 Appendix C: Buffel Grass Roadside Survey Attributes Attribute Value Description
Disturbance N/A The roadside disturbance zone is defined as: Zone The area between the road pavement and the property fence (if present), in particular that portion affected by the road and any road maintenance activity disturbances, e.g. grader windrows and turn outs, stacking sites, borrow pits, tyre marks, culverts, gravel, paths, burrow, pull out and parking bays etc. In the absence of all other indictors the disturbance zone was considered as 0 - 5 metres from the roadside.
Natural Zone N/A The natural zone is defined as any area beyond the disturbance zone that is not affected by the soil disturbance, increased run off and other anthropogenic factors associated with the road and other man-made structures (mine sites, rail roads, buildings, car parks etc.).
Density of buffel Absent Buffel grass is not being observed WITHIN the disturbance zone. grass in the disturbance Sparse Buffel grass is always in sight, or becomes in sight within a few zone seconds, WITHIN the disturbance zone at very low density where the distance between single or small clumps of plants is 11 - 100 metres.
Low Buffel grass is being observed WITHIN the disturbance zone at low density where the average distance between plants is 3-10 metres.
Medium Buffel grass being observed WITHIN the disturbance zone at medium density, where the average distance between plants is 0.5 to 2 metres.
High Buffel grass is being observed WITHIN the disturbance zone at high density where the majority of the buffel grass canopies are touching each other or will be when they are fully grown.
Disturbance Culvert only Buffel grass is being observed in a culvert only and the nominated zone disturbance zone density refers to the density within the culvert only. information Car park only Buffel grass is being observed in a car park only and the nominated disturbance zone density refers to the density within the car park only.
Borrow Pit only Buffel grass is being observed in a borrow pit only and the nominated disturbance zone density refers to the density within the burrow pit only.
Other Buffel grass is being observed in a nominated disturbance zone unit observations and the nominated disturbance zone density refers to the density within the nominated disturbance zone unit only.
Comments Single A small line segment with “scattered’ density recorded and then ‘single Occurrence occurrence’ selected in this field indicated the small line segment is a single record. Single or small populations that are observed in isolation represent a strategic control opportunity, for which, separate point features were also taken.
Other Any other observations were typed in if needed.
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Density of buffel Sparse Buffel grass is always in sight, or becomes in sight within a few grass in the seconds BEYOND the disturbance zone at very low density where the natural zone distance between single or small clumps of plants is 11 - 100 metres.
Low Buffel grass is being observed BEYOND the disturbance zone at low density where the average distance between plants is 3-10 metres.
Medium Buffel grass is being observed BEYOND the disturbance zone at medium density where the average distance between plants is 0.5 to 2 metres.
High Buffel grass is being observed BEYOND the disturbance zone at medium density where the majority of the buffel grass canopies are touching each other or will be when they are fully grown.
Extent of buffel 0- 10 m Buffel grass is being observed in the natural zone from 0-10 metres out grass in the from the disturbance zone. natural zone (if present) 10- 50 m Buffel grass is being observed in the natural zone from 10-50 metres out from the disturbance zone.
Patchy Buffel grass is being observed in the natural zone out to greater than 50m from the disturbance zone.
Widespread Buffel grass is being observed in the natural zone widespread but patchy away from the disturbance zone.
Natural zone Drainage line Buffel grass is being observed in the drainage line only and the information nominated natural zone density and extent refers to the drainage line only.
Gilgai Buffel grass is being observed in gilgais (natural depressions) and the nominated natural zone density and extent refers to the gilgai only.
Other Buffel grass is being observed in a definable land unit. observations (if necessary) No values entered into natural zone information (as with most line features) indicates the buffel grass is present in a less definablePAGE 2land unit (not in a drainage line, gilgai, sand dune etc.).
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