South Africa/Namibia Coordination Group Susanne Riveles 9007 Garland Ave. Silver Spring, hlD 20~01 Tel: (301) 585-6428
CIRCULAR 13 - May/June 1983
*Notes from the Co-group
*AIUSA Prisoner Update
*Southern African Network Underway
*Program of Action for Banned People in South Africa
*Sol Mkhize: Killed While Protesting Relocation of his Connnunity to the "Homelands"
*South Africa and the Press
*More News About the Mariental Detentions in Namibia
*Urgent Actions
*Spotlight on Adoption Group Work: The Case of Thozamile Gqweta
*Clippings-
-In South Africa, death sentences are often given, seldom protested -Banned South African Receives Bedspread From Capitol Hill -South African Methodist Flees Trial -'Gandhi' Controversy -South African Judge Finds Police Coercion of Witness -U.S. Groups Attack Administration's Namibia Policy -Namibia a Disaster Area
AmMaty International II! a -..or.c:twlde hun"an rights """"...,_,1 whk:h wori In this edition of the newsletter we have enclosed three Urgent Actions involving South Africans. We hope you'11 taYe the time to read them and write some letter on behalf of these people. One of the Urgent Action's concerns Thozamile Gqweta. His case has been handled by Group 109 in Baltimore. We commend the members of that group for their tireless efforts on his behalf and thank Jean Prema, of Group 109, for providing the co-group with a very interesting five-page discussion of the groups casework on Gqweta's behalf. Unfortunately, we have had to edit the piece in the interest of space. We invite groups to share their casework experiences with other adoption groups that have South African/Namibian prisoners. A one or two page narrative would be appreciated for inclusion in future newsletters. A caveat: the news clippings we include in every edition of the newsletter concern issues of interest to the co-group and people working on South African/ Namibian cases. They are for information purposes only and do not reflect the opinion of Amnesty International. If you're in Washington on June 17, 1983 three Washington adoption groups are presenting a performance of Athol Fugard's place, The Island, as a fundraiser. The performance, with a panel discussion following, will be held at the Marvin Center, George Washington University (in the heart of town, close to good public transportation). Contact the leaders of those groups (34; 83; 211) for ticket information. An opportunity to see some excellent films about South Africa is available to those in the Washington area. The Committee for a Free South Africa is sponsoring the films at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Public Library, 9th and G Streets, N.W. (between Gallery Place and Metro Center Metro stops). The films are free and the schedule is: Mon., May 16th at 6:30p.m. -Generations of Resistance; Wednesday May 18th at noon and 1:30 p.m. - Last Grave at Dimbaza; Mon. May 23rd at noon and 1:30 p.m. -Passing the Message; Tues. May 31st at 6:30 p.m.- You Have Struck a Rock. For more information call 301/585-3265. For those in the New York area the Film Forum (in Soho) will be showing a series of seven films based on stories by the South African novelist, Nadine Gordimer. Six South African directors collaborated with Nadine Gordimer to make this series. The stories present critical issues in the lives of modern South Africans,both black and white, living under the apartheid system. The films will be shown in three programs, two hours each, between May 18th and 31st. Call the Film Forum for details or check their ad in the Village Voice. AIUSA PRISONER UPDATE This Update highlights only those changes in prisoner status or prisoner assignments made since Circ~lar 12 was published in March, 1983. Prisoners released- 50 (Chicago, Illinois) SADA Mampe Ntshingwa, released, uncharged, as of April 20, 1983. She was arrested in May, 1982 in her home in Kagiso, a small town near Johannesburg. She is a a young woman, 20 years of age. Her· case was highlighted in the Special Action on International Women's Day, March 8th. She was originally arrested at the same time as other members of the AZANYU, the Azanian National Youth Unity. 137 (La Jolla, California) SADA Sipho Mtshingane, released as of April 20, 1983. He was arrested at his home near Johannesburg at the end of May, 1982. He is a member of the Executive of the AZANYU. Mtshingane refused to testify at the trial involving the journalist Joe Thloloe. Mtshingane claimed to have been ordered to tell lies. He consequently was not called as state witness. Joe Thloloe was found guilty on charges of possessing banned documents. He received a 2~ year prison term. 67 (Princeton, New Jersey) SADA Sisa Njikelana, vice-president of SAAi~ (South African Allied Workers Union) was released on March 30, 1983 after having been detained earlier (see the Urgent Action in this issue). 109 (Baltimore, Maryland) SADA Thozamile Gqweta, President of SAAWU, was released on March 30, 1983 after having been detained in the Ciskei fifteen days earlier (see Urgent Action in this issue). Closed Case- 176 (Beverley, Massachusetts) N&~IBIAN POC Engelhard Gariseb, a long-time POC held under a release warrent (similar to a South African banning order). His release warrent was relaxed and Gariseb is now working and able to lead a non-restricted life. Newly Assigned SADA Cases- 64 (Berkeley, California) Nobleman Mthokozisi Shezi, 18 years old, was arrested with his elder sister on December 18, 1982 by security polic in Durban. Probably held under Section 29 of the Internal Security Act. Held incommunicado , without charge or trial, for interrogation purposes. AIUSA PRISONER UPDATE continued .•• 53 (Fayetteville, Arkansas) Thombenkasi Matutu, detained by Security Police in the Ciskei (homeland) on March 16, 1983. Held incommunicado and without charge for an indefinate period. 86 (Cincinnati, Ohio) Michael Mnikina, detained on March 16, 1983 by Ciskei Security Police. Member of South African Allied Workers Union (SAAWU). He was detained with other trade unionists, including Sisa Njikelana in Mdantsane, a black township near East Loridon. 178 (South Laguna, Calif0rnia) N&~IBIAN Abner Nambala, is one of about 100 people who were forcibly abducted from Angola by South African military forces on May 4, 1978, in the attack on Kassinga. A number of the prisoners were alleged to have been tortured in the first weeks of their detention. Abner Nambala remains in custody in the Hariental District, south of Windhoek. He has not been charged and is held incommunicado; this has been his fate for the past five years. Southern African Network Underway The recently-formed Southern African Network (SAN) has completed its first action, involving alleged human rights violations in Zimbabwe. The action focussed on reports of arbitrary mass arrests, torture, and killings in the Matabe- land area of western Zimbabwe. Following several anti-government incidents by followers of Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union in 1982, the government, using emergency powers inherited from the Ian Smith regime, deployed large numbers of troops in Matabeland. Beginning in early 1983, visiting journalists re ported incidents of violence by government soldiers against civilians, including alleged dissidents and their sympathizers. The purposes of the SAN action were to (l) alert the Zimbabwe government to AI's concerns; (2) recommend an impartial investi gatory commission; (3) ask what preventative measures the govern ment has taken; (4) recommend repeal of laws indmenifying sol diers in advance for any crimes; (5) inquire about reports of mass detentions without trial; and (6) urge the government to identify and saf'egt:ard the rights of all detainees. Adoption groups from Cincinnati (86), Los Angeles (90), Kansas City (115), Brunswick, ME (169), and Berkeley (192) participated in the action. ~e have just received a second action involvinE South Africa, specifically long term detention without trial of Jver l 0 0 per.;Gn:._: 3.hlu c ted from Angola, a;;.d detent ion without trial and torture in the Venda ''homeland." The SAN welcomes participation on a re~ular or occasional basis of additional groups who do not have a South African POC, but would like to stay involved with human rights in this region. To join the SAN or obtain further information, contact: Randy Tritell, 3843 Calvert St., NW, Washington, DC 20007 (202) 337-1684 -- Randy Tritell -- PROOlAN OF ACT J(JI; Fm &\~ED PEOPLE I~ SOUTH ,\FTHC.\ APPEALS TO !1£ ~tADE IXJ1HNG ~tA\ Andrew Uoraine - 21-year old studtmt at the Unive-r-sity of Cape To"'" and President of the National l'nion of South African Student.s (:-.'USAS), re~tricted under a :>-year banuing order on zq June I98t at the time of his release from detention. Hi 1' d~tent ion in Cape To"'" on 27 ~lay followed NUSAS involvement in thr anti-Republic day protest~. Held .incommunicado for 2 'W'f'eks, he W3.!'; then t.-an!;'ferred to prrventive det.ent.ion undc.- t.h .. Internal Security Act until hi~ rPlease, uncha.-ged, at the end of JunP. An Banning order due to expire: 31 May 1986 Azhar Cachalia- 25-year old Jaw ~tudent and vice-chairman of the Dlack Studrnt~' Society at the Univer~ity of the witwaters~and, Johanne~bu~g, banned f~ 5 yea.-~ at the end of ,June t9fl t, whe'l relr•ased from detention. He had been ;t.-... f'strd in mid-June t98t following university campul" p~ote!'lts against official !lepuhlic Day celebrations. Drtained initially undL~ the inc~tnicado p~ovi~ion~ of the Gene... al Law Amendment Act, he was later t.-ansfe,-... ed to preventive detention and finally releasE-d, unc!"la.-~ed, in JO June !ClBt. !lis h ... othe-, Firoz CC\chalia, was arrested with him, r(~teasr•fi a!'"d banned at the ~a!TH'>: time, and bot.h were subjected to partial hou~f'-a ... rest. Fi,..oz Cachatia - ~J-ypa.- old st.wient in inou~t ... ilt.l psychology and m~mbe- of tlw fHack Students' Soci£·ty at thf' Univp,.-si1y of the \\itwatc~s ... and, Johann~!';bu ... s. Brother of Azhar Cachalia 'abov,..), detain£>d and h(•ld incommunicado rollowing his ar-f!~t on 17 Ju~e t9P l. l!cstr ictcd unde... a banning o,..de.-, which P"'O'• irl<'F far partial house-ar-est, a~ the time of his .-£>lease f.-ol':l detention on JO .!unc 19?.1. f?e-detained in late ~nvt•rtl•f" ... J9fl1 and st i 11 h.-lt1 without c:t Nelson Diale - im~·isoned 00'" .-est:.-icterl cmtinuously since 1962~ now serving second consecutive 5-yea.- banning o.-tlcr and ..-est..- ict~d t.o an isolated a..-oa of the northe..- Transvaal. Server! an G-year pril'=on ~e:nence fo-... a political offence and wa~ irnmerliat.e:ly banne1 on .-•~lease f-.-om •lc·bben Island in 197~. Detained early l Banning order due to ~xpire: )1 !-lay 19BJ Baptiste Marie - st ... icted to the ~ban a...-ca und{>r a 5-YN'.- banning o-der imposed in mid-1-177. Previnusly orked as a resef'rcher with the Du,-ban-ba~erl Institute for Black R£•. arch u ; 1 detained without cha..-gE.> for- se ...·eral months If' has not bern cha.-yed OT" convicted of any political offence BANNING ORDER DUE 1 HAY t<)fl2 - ALL AI CJWUPS SHCLr.D :-lAKE STitONG tlEPI1ESENTAT I i\1'7. JCMI GO\'EnmE~T .\UTII011ITIES UHGING THAT TIHS FlANN IN G • RE- !~POSED. Phindile 1-lfethi - tr union or anis l.·anncd for 5 years in ~tay 1977 when on~ je&,- i~detention without charge or trial. The banning order at first r oo:tricted~im to C.e,-miston, near Johanne~bu.-g, '.>ut was amended administratively i mid-~78 to provide for his ''deportai ion" to lhe T~anskei (declared ·n ' in· Oct.ol>v~al hundred miles from Johannesbu..-g. BANNING OOOETI DUE TO EXPlP Susan Sibongile :'-lthembu- a ~'5-year old fo .. mer political p ... isone .. , banned fO'"" J years in June toP.t shor-tly afte ... her .-~I·ase f..-om p.-ison on completion of a 2-year sentence. A for-m~ ~o'Wf'to ~t.udf::nt, she had bren convictrd in Ap-il t<"')';-0 on charues of ~edition, fcll0winu conclu~ion of the t ... ial nf 11 memhe ... s of the South A f..-ican Students' Hovrmen t (SAS.'I.l} and th~ Soweto ~tudent s' 11ep..-co;entat iv..- Council (SSRC). llf'taincd incommunicado fo.- morr than one ~·P.a .. b<'fore bcin'l cha,-ged in connection with incit~ment to .-iot durin!] the 1('}76 township distu... bances which fol J ower! the oulb.. eak of civi 1 unrest in So~ to in June 197(,. Sentenced to an effecliv~ 2-yea.- p ... ison tcr:n, wh}ch ~hr ~e .. ,.-ed at PotchPf~l .. o()(Tl female Pri!"on, 120 kilomet..-es ~outh-west of -Johannc~lm..-~t- Hanninu o,-der ct .... t. Irmnanuel (,ottlieb 'laxhuilili ~.;a haniPl- l0Etding m<~mbc•..- nf l11€ :::;culh h··~t r\f,-icar rc-ople 's ·1ani~atit:r. 5\,·AI'O) and tonv-time oppC111J~nt of continued South African rule 1 11cstrictPd under hi:« ~ ... , ond con~ecutivc 5-:t.•ar p ... South ~f..-ica's Internal St"curit} Act, an~ ~onfined ,. banninu o,-ricr in ~lay 1 to the maaisterial di.' ot ;1alvis Uay, Namibia, which !:outh '-f..-ica continuf''-' to ,-euarrl as a !I int ~·:.; .. a l art ol r.h~ oount...-y. ~entencPd to '• month:«' imr..-iso:-~mcnt in ~amiLia 1n J!'}i,4 anrt ... et.o..-iA to:; 'iPar!"' imprisonment, all Lut on" month ~uspencit"d , in 1Q() C:. -:pl£f\~E t.Oe\~ aN HIS BEtif\LF. ~ r~srric.ti~s -J A... r.cl U~j I k~ ~ t'1"5'4 1 11.-\~l'::r.\<) O'li•Dl ~:,\~ Jf'l8:_: - ,\J.L .\ i ~nc~;j·~ c;;!ICJ'LIJ '!.\KF STHCN': 11EmF~E'-:L\f l AI.'J"!ICH 1 r Ti.S t:lt\11:\:; rJL\T lUI~ !1,\~~ c.;r. Petrus Nchabelcna - imp ... isonr.rl oo-- rest.-ict-::d continuousl:r since 19(<~. now s~rving ~econd ccnsec:uti~:P '-year banning ,..,...rle.- ami .-cst.-icted t Curl i~ :'-ll In January 193t, hi~ appJ ication for N!laxation of lht• banning o--de.- to pe..-mit hi!!! return to cmploymE'nt as a teacher was ~ucces~tul. Othr.- resb·ic:tions remain in force, hoWl~ve.-. Bannina orde.- due to expire: 11 }lay 1983 Dr ~lamphela Ramphele - medit.:al dncto.- and :=;upcrint£,ndant of the Za~1cmpilo Clinic near Kinuwilliam~lo,.,TI twfo.-e bcins restricted under a ~-yea..- banning o.-dc.- in Ap..-il 1977 and .-cst..-ictPrl to Tzancen, no-thern Transvaal, mo..-c than 1000 kilomet ... es from he.- home in Kingwi 11 iam!'lt.own~ The banning o.-de.. was amended in Octohc.- 197B to restrict hP.- to tlu~ LenyenyP township, i!ffectivcly preventin!J he .. from !-"f'-vin'.J two medical outpo:=;ts establi"hed by D- namphcle but now outside the a.-ea to which she is confined. Detatn(!d withoul t ... ial- fr.·om .\rJnust to Deccmbf'..- 1<)7(• follmdn:~ her atlfmdancc at a po!"t-mo-lt-•rr. t:xaminatio~l of the body of ~lapetla 'lohapi, '"hn diPd in st.•cur i ty pol ice cu~t.od~ in .\u:_;u<;l 19/6. In t9f~o, D.- Uamphele'~ t-hi .. d att.• mpt t_o obtaiq pe-mi .. ~ion to leave her a-o·a o~· .-el'3triction lo ena!.le l1e .. to ~tudy in .Johanne~bu-v was ... ~fulH'd. '. place on lhc cou.-sf•- which COilCP.-n!-' di!"case~ p .. e..-alcnl in th£' '~aphumo di!=t.•ict tn whic!1 She ha~ b~en ..-estrict .. d- had been rt•Sf'-VCd f~ ht·- at the linivP··~ity of lli·· Witwalp.-~ .. and. She was eventually given pe-mission to study at the {~liVl:-" UA:'-::'-1 J.'J(; o~ !JE•: o~; F Tc F.Xf' r:1 r-: !I': J r 't\Y ! 0~:2 - ,\Lt. .\ r •r. a.ws SHlJ:L!, '!\ ;;E .-; t"?O\:; HEFHFSt:.'\IP TTO~::: TO T!lf;. SO!;Tli \J·l: I C.\.~ <;o'.TTi:-.1\IT:..;T .\1. Tllffi !·~ It.S 1'!11, 1\.t; ;·:1 'T [i! I"' llt\1\'!'; ~~~ O:H"IF.H SIIQ'Ul \:OT i:f: ::1-:-!~WOSFD. l<~~wqc\ ~r t-u::~c ('Y'IO('€- t.j4ZCLrS- e.w.d'' fa..ti...., : "Sls4 Tl1abo \ inc.·nt f•loum• ~7, a Unl\·(·-Sily o:turlf'nt f..,orl /;ttr..-irlu•·vi}l,. n<:a-- P...eto..-li\1 .-es•.r ... a ·)-~·..-a..- bannin~ o-de .. i"' .iune lt"l";"n. fa.:.li•·- r!rtainu! tn Octoh .. i ,-;- anol l•f'ld fOO"" sc·,.f'... al month!" un,•(~ ... th'! Intc-nal Sccu.-it•· ,\,.:t. r ..... '•cull:d for CCUltravcnj•l•J hi-- banning n-dpr- in .'•p-il ;'1PI when he. took hi~ -;.{(" ("IIi ld t 0 a doctor. Con .. icted in .lanuary 1'):':! an Chanderden Geo~uc Scwp•·.-.c:adh - a 46-yca.- old lawn>.- and P.-e!';idf'nt of" the Natal Indian Cot•!Jrt:~.! (~ IC), -e~t.-ictcd unde..- a .:-year harm in~ c-rl~.- and subjected lo pa.-tia! houst.:-a•·rest in .rune lQ~l, at the time of "-idcsp.-cad prOtC~1. aaainst Oft icial Celeb.-at io•.S lO l;OmrnCr:tOrate thP. t,.Pfli.lt:\.h anniVE'-sa.-y of the found ins of the Rf'publ ic of South ;\f.-ica. P.-cviously banned fo- 'j yea..-~. between 1973 and 1<:r;-0, hi:' was detained wilh a numbe.- of othc.- ~IC membpys and lawyers du ... ing a boycolt o1 ~chools by ''Co1ou.-r-d'' And black pupils in 1')80. Held inilia1ly inconRmmicado unri<>r the GE-neral !.a"' Amendme~n. Act, hP. lo-as lat.::r transferred to preventive del(.ntia-t at Hodde~fontein Bee Prison in the T.-ansvaal, a:1d fiPally -•·l~;ased, uncha.-~Jed, in latt' July t9f>O. r, ea ... ty t9CO, he was cha•·gcd with distributing copies of the "F-cedom Cha.-tc··", a bannr-d document, but acrp1i t tt'd. Banning order due to ~~pi.-e: Jt ~~y 1~R6 Reggie Vandcyar- ro3Strictcd ()11" imprisoned since !1)61. Frist. r~st.-icted U~Hie.- a 55-year bannin'J order in ~fay 1~73 roll owinu his .-eleasP .f..-nm Hnbbcn Island, where he had sc.-verl a 10-year p·· i ~on srn lence. The bann in Banning Ot"der clue to ~:xpire: 11 ~lay !QBJ Albertina Sisulu - a nurse, is a former member of the African National Congress (ANC) Women's League and a membe~ of the South African Women's Federation. She was banned for two years on 14 June this year. Under the terms of this order, she is prohibited from atter.ding any form of gathering. The order was served shortly after she was released from a short spell of detention imposed by the South African security police. She was among more than 260 people who were arrested while attending a memorial service for former trade union leader, Mr Joe Mavi and two &~C members killed in Swaziland. Mrs Sisulu has been restricted under successive banning orders since August 1964. Her last banning order expired on 31 July 1981. She was detained under the "90-day" law in June 1963, and served with her first banning order in August 1964. This was renewed upon expiry in 1969, and again in July 1974. Her last banning order was imposed ·in August 1979. Mrs Sisulu's husband, Walter Sisulu, a prominent ANC leader, is presently serv~ng a sentence of life imprisonment in Pollsmoor Prison, Cape Town. Her son, Zwelakhe Sisulu- a well-known journalist and trade-unionist - was restricted under a severe 3-year banning order and placed under partial house-arrest in December 1980 (see December list of appeals in Program of Action for Banned People 1982/3). Another son is in exile and her daughter has also left South Africa. Banning order due to expire: 31 May 1984 OF ACT I et-C FOO UA'lNED PEOPLE IN SUJTH AF'R ICA APPEALS TO £E MADE OUR ING .Jt.;NE Rev. Mzwandile Ebenezer Maqina - black play~ight and clergyman, banned for three years on 15 June 1982 - just over two months since the expiry of a five-year ban. He was due to go on a tour with his current play "Dry Those Tears", when the ban was imposed. The five year ban had similarly been imposed when he was due to travel to the Transkei to take a leading role in his play, "The Trial", which concerned detention without trial and relations between South African security police and political detainees in their custody. In 1976 he was detained with out trial for several months, and spent some 3 months in detention at the end of 1978. Banning order due to expire: 30 June 1985. OF ACTION FOR UA.'i~ElJ PEOPlE J'-i Sa.i fll ..\FlHCA APPEAL.:> TO flE ~tt\DE Ot't~ 1:-l\; JFLY Fanyana MAzibu\ Danninu orde.- riuc_, to expire: Jl July.198J Dr Fat.irra 'leer - oanned for n t.:tXlSf'Culiv•~ t;_y .. ar pe ... ;.nd nn }l .luly jC)~l, the date when her nrcil"- oi .!ul) tC17(> wa~ du» ln <':'fpire. ~~1.•· 11ad P,..~""\'tously ht;t-n banncri in the lg!::()s, atld "'a~ on0 of thf, clf":fen•lant~ acquitted in th~ f.-N\!'-'-on Trial of 11)~(,-(:t. Spent tou,.. month~ in tlt-t('!ttinn wiU•out chargt.• or t•·iC\l at the end of 1C)j(.. ,\ lccru.-<:r in ~ociolo~~y at the t:nivPr~it)' nf ~:atal, fJ.- 'lt'f'r I1Ad lO out.a.in !"'pPI'iaJ perrn)!''!"i0:1 to conlinuf' te-aching, UUI. in lP..-m!"' nl tlw bannir·,~ order r. 1 {),. '·leP.- !" ~nn, :{a.sbi.: 'IP!'.-, I"' Al~o t.annf'~t t•ut. ha!< lr,ft th£' COOill'") tn Otfrl~. to e~<".ape th•· ..-('l"t .. ictjonc::. "l. l~anr. inc: nr~f!·· du•· \ r. <'"'T i • r·: , I lui y PROGRfu~ OF ACTION FOR BANNED PEOPLE IN SOUTH AFRICA ------~--~~~~ APPEALS TO BE MADE DURING AUGUST Jacqueline Arenstein - restricted under her fourth successive 5-year banning order in August 1978. Her first banning order was imposed in August 1963, after she had been acquitted of charges under the Terrorism Act in the ·t956- 1961 !reason Trial. As banned persons may not be quoted, she has effectively been prevented from continuing her career as a journalist. In terms of the banning order, she is also subjected to partial house-arrest. Her husband, Rowley Arenstein, is also presently restricted under a banning order. Banning order due to expire: 31 August 1983 Moses Bhengu - fir a banning order in 1964. His most recent banning order as imposed r a 5-year period in August 1977, follow ing release from deten ion. ad been arrested in December 1975 in con nection with investigat1 Pietermaritzburg of 12 alleged members of the testifying for the State at the trial in September 1976, he c detention until August 1977. BANNING ORDER DUE - ALL AI GROUPS SHOULD XAKE STRONG REPRESENTA ~~-A~F~R~I~C~A~N~GOVE~~MENT AUTHORITIES URGING THAT THIS REIMPOSED. Priscilla Jana - lawyer restricted under a five-year banning order in August 1979. She is well-known as a defence lawyer in political trials and con tinues to work as a lawyer despite the restrictions imposed by her banning order. She is married and lives in Lenasia, Johannesburg. Banning order due to expire: 31 August 1984 Lawrence Ntlokoa - 22-year-old former activist with the Young Christian Workers, a Catholic Church youth organization. He was restricted under a five-year banning order in November 1973 at the time of his release from five months' detention without trial. He had been arrested in June 1978 with more than 20 other members of the Young Christian Workers. He was first held incommunicado and in solitary confinement for interrogation, then transferred to preventive detention under the Internal Security Act. He had previously been detained without trial for four months in late 1977. He is subjected to partial house-arrest by the terms of his banning order and has been prosecuted on several occasions for contravening its provisions. He is believed to have served a sentence of six months' imprisonment in 1981 as a result of this. Banning order due to expire 31 August 1983 SAUL MKHIZE: KILLED WHILE PROTESTING RELOCATION OF HIS COMMUNITY TO THE "HOMELANDS" Saul Mkhize was shot and killed on April 2nd in Driefontein, located about 200 miles east of Johannesburg. Driefontein is one of the few communities, so called '~lack spots",where South African Blacks own farmland. Saul Mkhize's grandfather, Abner Mkhize had purchased this land in 1912 from a white farmer. A year later the Native Land Act made it impossible for Blacks to purchase farmland in South Africa. White minority ruled South Africa created the Native Reserves, as the "Homelands" were formerly called, and the policy of removing Black farmers to nearby or distant "homelands" has been enforced for the last decades. The ten assigned "homelands", mostly remote and unfertile areas of the country, represent 13% of the total land area of South Africa. They are designed to absorb 87% of the African population. Under this policy thousands of Africans are dispossessed every year. Once removed to one of the homelands they join the unemployed, poor, undernourished population for whom the state provides insufficient education and health care. Saul Mkhize was one of the small group of Blacks living in the few self sufficient black communities, the so-called "black spots", which are all marked for closure. The communities of Driefontein, Daggaskvaal and Ngema are located close to one another. These black communities elected Saul Mkhize about two years ago as their community leader. Saul Mkhize worked as an accountant in Johannesburg and only returned to Driefontein at weekends. He was a small land owner and campaigned peacefully against the forcible removal of his community. He had informed the Commissioner for Black Affairs in the region, Marthinas J. Prinsloo, that the removal order was unacceptable as the people on this land had farmed there for generations and held a freehod title to the land for 71 years. Saul Mkhize also wrote a courteous letter to Prime Minister Botha seeking his help. Only then did he organize the meeting held on April 2, 1983 to protest against the forcible removal. According to witnesses: "Policemen came in a van to declare the meeting illegal and tried to drag Mkhize to the van when the crowd surrounded him. When the policemen made their way back to the van they turned around and allegedly shot Mkhize in "self defense. He fell to the ground with two bullets in his chest. He died shortly thereafter. Saul Mkhize stands for all black people protesting the disposession of their land and, in general, for all the Africans protesting their forcible relocation and retriction to the "homelands". - Susanne Riveles SOUTH AFRICA AND THE PRESS In the past few months journalists have received special attentions from' the South African government in the form of searches of home and office, con fiscation of materials, warnings from the security pol ice, fines, and imprisonment. On March 16, 1983 South African security police searched the home and office of Allister Sparks, the South African correspondent for the Washington Post and the London Observer. During the search, which lasted six hours, copies of Mr. Sparks' telex messages were confiscated as well as copies of some of his articles and his typewrite~. According to Sparks the South African police were looking for evidence that he had quoted Winnie Mandela; wife of the leader of the ANC now serving a 1 ife sentence. As a banned person, Winnie Mandela cannot be quoted in print or ~t public meetings. This has not been violated by the South African press, however journalists filing for overseas papers have not abided by this rule. Prior to the search of the Post's Johannesburg's offices, two editors and a reporter were fined after a three-day secret trial having been charged with prejudicing the interests and security of the state by printing information about activities of the South African intelligence service in the Seychelles Islands at the time of the attempted coup. At the end of March, the editor, Harvey Tyson, of the Star of Johannesburg was informed by the South African authorities that they were investigating two possible charges. Under the terms of the Pol ice Act, newspapers have to prove they took "reasonable steps" to establish the truth of any statement printed about the police. This translates into submitting the statement to the pol ice for comments. Oned the possible charges against the Star concerns their reporting of a speech by Sally Hogan, sister of AI adopted-prisoner, Barbara Hogan. The other possible charge relates to the Prisons Act which forbids the publish ing of a picture of a prisoner more than 30 days after conviction. The Star is alleged to have breached this. Most recently, Joe Thloloe was sentenced _to 2t years imprisonment for the possession of a banned book, "The New Road" published by the banned Pan Africanist Congress. Thloloe, who worked for the Sowetan, has been detained in 1976,1977 and 1978 without charge. Before this trial began, he had already spent 10 months in security police detention. In April 1982 Joe Thloloe won the Louis Lyons award for "conscience and integrity in journal ism". The award, given by Harvard's Nieman Foundation, was accepted by a colleague of Thloloe. MORE NEi.JS ON THE MARIENTAL DETENTIONS IN NANIBIA NAMIBIA: Long-Term Detention ~ithout Trial Amnesty International is concerned about the continuing imprisonment without trial in Namibia of more than 100 people who were forcibly abducted from Angola by South African military forces on 4 May 1978. A number of the pr1soners are alleged to have been tortured in the first weeks of their detention but this has been denied by the South African authorities. On 4 May 1978, South African military forces based in Namibia carried out a major attack across the border into southern Angola. This occurred as part of the armed conflict bet~een South African forces and African naticnalist guerrillas belonging to the People's Liberation Arffiy of ~amibia (PLAN), military wing of the South West Africa People's Organisation (SI-!APO). SWAPO guerrillas had been active in northern Namibia and were kno~~ to have bases in southern Angola. The main objective of the South African attack appears to have been a camp for ~amibians situated close to Kassinga, a small mining town some 150 miles north of the border between Namibia and Angola. According to the South African authorities, the camp was used as a base by SWAPO guerrillas, but according to A~golan and other sources it was a camp for Namibian refugees. The South African attack on Kassinga commenced at dawn and lasted until nightfall. Souch African soldiers occupied the entire area and later claimed to have destroyed buildings, equipment, a~~unition and defence installations used by SWAPO. They also killed a large number of Namibians - estimated to total several hundred and to include many women and small children - whom they found at the camp or in its vicinity. The attack on Kassinga was carried out by airborne troops and was accompanied by aerial bombardment. Simultan eously, other South African military forces crossed the frontier into Angola and, travelling by road, attacked at least one other camp which had been established for Namibian refugees some 20 miles inside Angola. According to South African press reports, it was from this camp - ~hich the South Afri cans claim was code-named "Vietnam" by SI<.'APO - that a number of prisoners were taken and forcibly returned to Namibia. Three weeks after the raid on Kassinga and other camps, the South African Defence Force released 63 of those who had been taken prisoner. They 1.;ere described by the South African Press Association as "partially-trained terrorists and terrorist accomplices", and were said to represent less than one third , of the total number of prisoners taken. 29 of those freed were women and .. 34 were men. They were released at Oshakati, the Defence Force headquarters in Ovamboland, in the presence of a number of South African and foreign journalists. Shortly after these releases were made, several of those freed were questioned by a senior priest of the Catho1ic Church in Namibia, Father Heinz Hunke. He was apparE~ntl~ told by some that they had been tortured during interrogation and subjected to elt~ctr~c shock:' .. Father Hunke, who l"lad previQusly made_ represent~.t ion 5 to the Sou:h Afrtcan Admtntst~a:or-General about earlier incidents of alleged torture, agatn w:ote to t~e Admtntstrator-General and also ?ublicized the new torture allegations. Thts brought a detailed rebuttal from the Administrator-General Mr Justice Marthinus Ste~n, bu~ when Father Hunke complained that the allegations had not been adequately tnvesttgated, he himself was summarily deported from Namibia. 1~e prisoners who remain in custody are now held in the Mariental District, south of the capital, Windhoek. They are believed to have been transferred there from Oshakati within a few months of their capture. No charges have been brought against any of them and none have appeared in court. The legal basis for their continuing imprisonment is provided by Proclamation AG.9 of 1977, which authorizes the South African Administrator-General to sanction the indefinite incommunicado detention without trial of any person. It is not clear what was the legal basis for these prisoners' detention during the first year that they were imprisoned. Proclamation AG.9 of 1977 was only amended to provide for unlimited detention without trial in May 1979, whereas the raid on Kass inga and other camps •.;as carried out one year before. At the time of the raid, the maximum period during which a person could be de tained uncharged under Proclamation AG.9 was a mere 96 hours. However, legisla tion providing for unlimited incommunicado detention without trial was avail able at the time under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act, a South African law which has been applied in Namibia since its introduction in 1967. It was, then, presumably under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act that these prisoners were held between May 1978 and May 1979. In mid-1979 the South African authorities permitted delegates from the Geneva-based Inrernational Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to visit the detainees at Mariental. This visit appears to have been carried out in con formity with general ICRC rules of procedure according to which the ICRC delegates can meet in confidence with individual prisoners but must then maintain confidentiality over their findings and recommendations. Thus, the ICRC has published no information on conditions at Mariental or the treat ment of the detainees and has limited itself only to reporting when a visit has taken place. Several further ICRC visits to Mariental have been made since mid-1979 and in late 1982 the organization reported that for the first time since their abduction and imprisonment without t~ial a number of the detainees at Mariental had been permitted to receive visits from close relatives. The detention camp at Mariental is said to be administered by the South African military authorities, not by the local prison administration in Namibia. It is n~t kn~wr: what rights or privileges the detainees may have, for example to recetve v1s1tors or correspond with relatives and friends. Such details have not been disclosed hy the South African authorities, who also continue to withhold from the general public the names of the detainees. I Despite their imprisonment for five years, the South African authorities have given no indication of their intentions in respect of the detainees, in particular, how long they may expect to be held without charge or trial. The detainees have no effective means of appeal against their continuing ( im?risonment. Proclamation AG.9, the decree under which they are detained, specifically denies them access to legal counsel and cannot be challenged in the courts. It contains no provision for independent review of detention orders even by a tribunal or board of review of the sort to be found ~n comparative security legislation currently in force in South Africa. Amnesty International works for the release of prisoners of conscience and advocates that all political prisoners should be brought to trial within a reasonable time and in accordance with procedures which conform with internationally recognized norms. With regard to the detainees currently held at Mariental, the organization is concerned both that they may include prisoners of conscience and that all of them are political prisoners who have been detained without trial for some five years. It is Amnesty Inter national's view that those who are prisoners of conscience should be released immediately and unconditionally and that those remaining should be released if they are not to be charged and brought to trial in accordance with inter nationally accepted norms. Amnesty International ~s concerned also by the circumstances of these detainees' forcible abduction from Angola and by allegations that a number of them were tortured while in detention. In the light of these allegations, which were denied at the time by the South African authorites, and in view of evidence that other detainees held under Proclamation AG.9 have been subjected to torture by South African security forces in ~amibia, Amnesty International believes that there is a need for an impartial inquiry into the treatment of political detainees, including those at Xariental. ********** * ********** Spotlight on Adoption Group Work: The Case of T.hozamile Gqweta by Group 109, Baltimore, Maryland Thozamile Gqweta is a black South African labor leader. He is President of the South African Allied Workers Union (SAAWU), a union of unskilled workers om the Eastern Cape area, around the Ciskei "homeland." His union is not registered with the South African government; it addresses community issues as well as issues at the workplace; it is non-racial; it is an outspoken critic of both the homelands system and the South African government. Being the strong, charismatic leader of such a union has made Gqweta the object of brutal abuse by both the South African and Ciskeian authorities. He has been detained eight times since 1980. He has suffered torture while in incommunicado detention. In early 1982, he was tortured until he suffered severe headaches, insomnia, depression, loss of memory and speech difficulties and was transferred to a psychiatric ward. His mother and uncle were killed in a suspicious fire. At the funeral, attended by thousands, Ciskeian police shot into the crowd, wounding five and killing Gqweta's girlfriend. Gqweta's own house was set on fire, with him inside, and the doors wired shut from the outside; he escaped through a window. And, with all of his minor arrests and forced appearances in court, he has never been charged with a specific crime or brought to trial. Baltimore's group 109 took on Gqweta as an investigative case in June, 1982. Since that time they have written between 100 and 200 letters, 40 to 60 telegrams and three petitions which they have sent to the South African authorities on his behalf. They have been in contact with the U.S. Embassy in South Africa, Congresspersons Mike Barnes (who wrote a strongly worded letter to Secretary of State George Schultz), Barbara Mikulski and Parren Mitchell, the African-American Institute, Operation Crossroads, and the International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. In the time that the group has worked on Gqweta's case, he has been arrested and released at least twice and scheduled to be put on trial, in an attempt to dicredit trade union activity. During one arrest, the New York Times wrote, "Lawyers expressed apprehension at what might happen to Mr. Gqweta when he returned ••• to detention in custody of the Ciskei police." Group 109 continues to write on his behalf, although he is currently classified by A.I. as "aftercare," because the South African government continues to harass Gqweta and the group wishes to "guarantee that Gqweta's human rights will be protected in the future. We want them to know we are still on the case." --editted from Group 109's report to the Co-group International Secr::tariat • 10 Southampton Street • London \''.'C2E 7HF • Uni~;.: ~- :-:~dom • Telephone: 01-836 7788 • Telex: 28502 L\.1ER:.'\..4..L (for AI Index: A?R 53/J6.'83 general distributuon) Distr: T:.A/SC UA 63/83 Fear of Torru:::-e/Le.gal C::ncern 18 1-~rch 1983 SOCTH AFRICA - CISKEI: Thoza!:'ile GQ~ ====~======~====== n- - · n ~n the Ci s~ei n·~=e .J._anc. on 19 s 3 ~ helci t.:.nCe:- t::-rer-~e:l.cy-scyle secur' ~y :!.e;is:cc:.on ~.... ~:-~:.en e:::p:J-....-c:-s ::-1t:. securi:y ?Clice :o ~old t~e~ i~-~-~u~ica~G e:~~ective!y fer a~ indefinite ;~crl:)G. Se-;;€r2l cf _;-,e_.-- .:::re: ~ec~di::g ~. .::::~~ers o: ~:3(.:~: :.:--c.::~ ·~nions, ir_ particular :.he S81 Lh ;... Irica.n ~.;]lied ~-:or~~e:-s' ~-:-:ic:-1 (5 ...~_~ ... - ... ·-' which Ceri..,.~es :::est o: its s·"'??Ort fro:::1 r·ne Lastern (3.2:-e area. s_::._:..:.-::.· has been one of ~he fastes 'Dlack unions and has refc.:sed registration In addition to ti se na:::t.d, at least six other black traie unionists are also th cJght to have Deen detained on 16 >:.:nch in Cis~ei but full confir:::atio of their arrests has not vet been receive~ ~~ been repeatedly ~etained by the Ciskei recent pas: ~ave inco:-:::u:-.. i-:.cGc· r- la::~, ;..,e::-i..~~s ·~e:::·!""e EY~!l::..:cl::~· '::E:i~;. re!E:::;e:: wncftargt--c.. ~x2~le, ::~c.za.~il_e G<::· •.;et:c. c.r-.C 5:.isc :~~i~elar4c -~t:rE: on several occasions in 1951 and !982, first by the Ciskei SE:Ct: it~; ;-clice anci c:1en by Souti1 1-.f:::-ican security police. As __--:c::~::-:--.:.1e C>~·..• :2:c ':Je~:::-1'2 ::-.'"=:!taJ:·: .:~scq·io::::-:tc~e8 ::):- r~ ~·~--~ ~- .. _::-.... -~~- ::-~c.:--£::.: S:_~ ~'...·.:_ ~~ 'S~ _.!_~~ ':":; :::. ·(r :.>-:: :-2s: .. c. :iJ:-.~er c: Cet2i:1ees hclC D;: ~he c:skei ?~lice ~2~e 2lleged Rfter their reiease that :hey ~e~e _., :- c, : :-. :.· :-...-:. s e i l l -- : :- e a. ~ e d w.; h i 1 e 1 r, c t.: s t o d y • 11 C~S"'-t.~ ... l~~ ~:;'..._~,;.:!~G ''i: . .:..:-:.:~t..:n ..~e:-1:. t,~: :::e: s~L~~ ....!.:rice.~~ ;:c\-~::-.:-.·_:-.: :~c ·:-....:: :..: ::.::::.. :1.::: ~>2E:r. ~e=,..,~:i::~C i:~L£.:--.c.::or-,c.!.:y. . . cett:~:l, ~ :; £ 7: .. i:: .=. ::·.: .. c :-~ ·.: ~ : :1 a .. : :, :: j \: r t :-a Gc L.:-"'.. i c :-~ i s t s i ~ : ~ E C 1 :; ~~ e i .:::. C :~r£1!!? tr-:.1~: International Secretariat • 10 Southampton Street • London WC2E 7HF • United Kingdom • T;:i,:,;::h.:·:t:: 01-836 7788 • Telex: '28502 EXTE~\AL (for general distribution) Al Index: AFR 53, S~. E; Dist r: L'A/ SC 8 April 1983 Further information on L~A bJ/83 (AfR 53/06/SJ 18 ~~arch)- Fear of Torture!i...t-~?.l SCJL'TH AFRICA - CISK.El: Tllozamile GQ',.,'ETA Sisa ?;JIKEL-\NA Banjunzi SISI:;co Sidney ~~USAlLWl Jeffrey 1-\ABE~A Hu:-2phrey H..\XEG'i:A..'\A ======~=====~===~=~======:====== Tht SlX trade L:n:!onists dbov~ were all rt>lc2st-d, unch ..ugt->d, on 30 :·~arc~l 1983. Tr,ey i:1ad oeen ciet2i.n"'"d oy s"'curit\' pol ict: ir. the C:iskei "hom: land" or. 1~ ~:.2rc:h 1983 c:nC. belG ~~nder s2cu~i:y lcgislat~c:: ·w:iicf: c-nabJ~s tht' securit;. ?ulice tO detain ?e2?lt: i::cc:~::_--:,uni:..ac(l anc ;,;it~lOUt char:,;e for an ir,ce£-i.nitc: period. D~s?ite a statc~~nt by t~e Head o[ the Ciskei Intelligence Service, Lt.-Gen. Charles Sebe, that the derainees would b~ charged with participation in activities connected •.:ith the- b.:wned African ~~ational Congress C.A-~C), th-=:-· were released without ctarge. I 0 . At least ..s~other ?eople deta1ned at the sa~~ time are still believed t~ be held inco:nunicado and without charg~s. They incl uc!e: ~lrs Gee i 1 ia BOTTO>!l-J> Them':HonKos i HATL:Tr ~lh:! 2::1i. XOI'A K..'lulLle;..ile JACO!JS, ...... ~ ...... recoru.:dly suffers 1rc~ C.~.::.::::: and who may not re~eive ad~quate oedical treat~en~ while detained. the trace- L-Tlionists of those four listt:d be grantt:d :~ediate access tG legal request that they be releasee •..:ithout Eci;~~i~r ~.H. T~~s~noa Der,uty !-:cad •..:t:·ntral ~:;tt-11 ii=t-·:ct=- S(·:-:ict.: "!:1..:e: it ~ha Mr W•. F. Jurgens Hon. S.P. Botha Attorney General of the Ciskei Minister of E.anpo,.er Utilisation Private Bag, Zwelitsha Ministry of !1..anpo ....·er UtilisatiC'n Ciskei, South Africa Laboria Building Paul Kruger Street Dr the Hon P.C.J. Koornho£ Pretoria, South Africa Minister of Cooperation and Developillent Ministry of Cooperation and Developcent Bantu Affairs Building Paul Kruger Street Pretoria, South Africa Copies to: The Editor Tne Editor Daily D-:spctch The S7;ayo PO Box 131 47 Sauer- Street East london, South Africa Johcnnesburg, South Africa and to South African diplo~tic representatives in your country. Check "'ith the International Secretariat if sencing ap?~als a~:e~ Pl~:J.se t2ke :1..::ion as s·---- 'H"l ~s v<.·~...: receive th!s l·r~~nt The m.:11e of A.!:~:lesty lm~~mtior.J] r.1JY be used. . - J1li1nu~!l 1::-::er~. \~·=-!:~:»:·in a ?:""i'>::::e or pe!'"S·JnJ] C2;:'J:lt~ Cople~ t)f ::!??~J~5 S!LJ~~d be s~n: to rele·.-ani diplomari: re?res-:n~:;:iv~s in you~ :o•J-:1::;... Te!~;~,j,:;~s ~:~ ;::::~:! s!~ -~.~ ~;! In Crgcm A:tion cas~s. A:nnes;y International has to Stress ~hJ.~ ~ ,-w~ ._·,,n..:e:-n f,,r humJr, ~i~hts :s nn: ~ a.:t fJf'Jdiy to prevent the iii-treatment of prisone~s. An \.\'3: p•.J!..itl~:.: .. \ ·~.l ... ; ...r: R~C~: t·• r.:···:\:.:···l ::~;-'~:iJ 1~ is~~J~d· \\·h~:-: -~~1r1es:y l;,r~;nl:!·Jr.J2 be!;~\es i~ ' . . . . . ~ . i:~le:-;:::i~>n~: :..!·... ~ ...::. :..:~ C:.!S r;!,.'Cl\~C reHJ~;:- :!~1~- .J.:.:~:~·e ln!orrr.Jll·.Jr~ !n St.;..:~. [)e~Ja-Jtlun \,.-: H :':~. .lr R.:.:. :s ::.~s-:s. 1: i> n·~t :J.;\'':l\ s P-''':~:c: to \·e:iiy ai! jeu::, :.J~o~n~~:al~ anC !11 so;-:1c ~:i5:.:iil.:es the sltuJtlun \_JUt· A:"!i~ie ~ - ··L·.:.·;;. 1..''!1;? ••.n ~~•= _; .. t,. ll!. ·j in tilt! ~~p~.11 ::-:J~ ~L:i:--,~e. L1~ent A•.:tiur: p4:1i:l· anC sc-.:"J~:' .._,; ~::;s'_,r,_ :.1~\\';!YS nJ:!I~eJ a:· ~r~y ~:~~fi.::H1: f;~\\ lr.1W!· - (t.";:'tes o! :.!~y re;'h:;?s !('~~n~j frr:''!l g.o\co~n:nen! Juthor· !!;~~ ~h·Ju~.: h:: "''='~.: i· ... ~-:·-:21..!':'~~ !· · ynur r.3ti~·nJ~ ~e.:t•('!", l·:::·:nt .-1..:Ut'n t;.JJ~.J:-.J~~·~ L-.: ..:.:";-;:~ h.1 !~e lr.:err.Jtt....lr.~ , .·, ...... lnterr.ational Secretariat •10 Southampton Street • london WC2E 7HF. United Kingdom .Telephone: Oi-836 IJct\ c lelex: 28502 EXTERJ.'\AL (for AI Incex: A..>='R 53/05/83 general distribution) Distr: L.A/SC UA 61/83 Fear of Torture/Legal i6 !:arch 1983 SOUTlf.AFRICA - CISKE.I: l-1z·wandile t-'..SOKI ===~=~====== (a..Wo -'u.rJ--.he../: ..U:~c·:..ni~n on UA 748/ 8Z AFR 53/27/82 13 J:.U.yl ~~·andile ~3oki ~as detained on 30 D 1982 ~hen security ?.Jl ice raided his hose in :~Cantsa.ne ~:::~·11'.-:--~s-:-- -? :Lear East L0r~C\)i1. Si~.:.e t:1at tir.:e be h2.s ::een he'!.d incor::::Junicadc ·,.rit:-JOut charge or trial :::-.:. his relatives are reported to have been denied infor=ation about his ,,<1erea'::lou:s a:-::: access to ni:::. Ee is b lievec to be :-telc u:-!C:er 1 security l::f:isl.=.tio:: ·.,·i;icn effective _- fer in~e:i::ite inco~~~icacio c~[entio~ Several detain~s held unde se:~ritv leg1s1a:ion providing for i:;defini te inco:=Ju 1cado have alleged tllat tlley ·--·ere tortured or other.-·ise security :-'olice curing interrogation. ~:-.;: South "''.!'rican Council of Cnurches' Je?e~dants' Co ference in the :as:er.n Cape area of South Africa which includes the iskei ''ho-neland". Ciskei ·~·as declared "independent" in 1981 but has ;JOt been recopized internationally. 7he Dependants' Conferen e is a relief organization w~ich assists political prisoners an· their fa=ilies. . . without trial on several ~revlOUS OC:dSlC~S, ~st rec~ntly fron ~~y to July !?S: ;!.C.C. L:i. ]_;g ·g::. ...,., ... ,.. ~-'' l..tl' ...... --··, J".,.l..l·: .::.>L .._ l '""\..,.. ~ - . . _, - ~ :!c DE:. ~:-.:::...- c: :..:-=::e.:;...:tt:: a~:.:cess to .. £::t:a~ ~J-..::1SC.i ~~jor-Gen~ra! C::"'lar~~~ se:·~i€' ::ead c~ c~n::-al :;;:c:::f· z_-,..:e~::s:-:a .. Ci.=~:ei., S _:.:-. Tt!£ca-::...,..:!> tr·: C~ ~'::.. .2; S: :- _, .. _~~ ~ 1 ~c r ~~ .. ·.... -,{....{,...... _.::.:._.•~._. [ ; -- . c --" -•... ;_ ....- \,..- :-- ...... i- .·.· .._ . . . ' ~~-t~i:~.J~, Sc~ !...'-: EXTER.'\AL (for general distribu::ion) AI Index: AFR 53/10/83 Distr: VA/SC Further infon::.ation on VA 61/83 (1._"\R 53/05/83 16 !-larch) - Fear of Tonure Legal Concern - ' 53;21;83 13 t. Z..t -~-~l; Y:.Z'..'andile ~!so;zi ~.-as ::-ele.::.sec on 12 April 1983 1.n Ciske:::.. Ee -.,.;as cha::-ged with possession of banne2 publications and given bail of 2DC Rand. ~iz~"'andile ~fsoki \...·as Cetair:eC. on 30 Dece::::,er 1982 \..7.e:1 sec~ritv po?..ice raided his home in ~1d.an:s2:1e to~... --::ship r:ear East London. Si!lce t-~1at tir::e, until 12 April~ he was helC incc:::::-.'...1:1icado "'--itho:..;t c~c..:-ge o:- :r:.al cnC his relatives -.,.;ere reported to nave been cenied i:Jfor:::.ation zoou-.:. nis ~.-:-:ere abouts and access to nic. Cbur:~es' ~e~en~zn:s' C:n!e::-en:e in :~e Ezste::-n Ca7e a=ea o! S:u:~ A!::-ica .....hich incluCes t~e Ciske: ""~.cc::e:~~-C". Ciskei ...... 2.s Cec:c:--=C "i:-:.·:.~?~:-:::e:1t" i~ 1981 but has not been recog::-,izec interr:2tic::ally. T:-,e D:::p::::-:cants' Conference is a relief o::-ganization '..'hich assists political prisoners and their fa:.:::ilies _ Further reco=~enced action: Please send further letters: ,...------·------·-----· -- ex?ressing concern tnat ~z~ancile ~soki ~as apparently held unchargec anc incoc=unicado for more than three nonths before being charged ~itn a relatively ninor offence; - ex~ress:ng !crther cc::cern :tat his f2~ily ~ere ap~arently un2~are of his . - . p:zce of cet~n:ion anc ~nable CC oo:ain any ::::or=at:on a~o~: the authorit~es. Letters to: !-!zjo:--Ge::e::-c~ :::c:-: 8S S2:.s Bf.;a6 o: Ce-nt.:-c.:. :.:"~:t:::~~en::f: ~~=-~:::2: Gc\:e:-r-we~: Offices z.-....·2~i.ts!-;G, :is·..z(:.~, ~.c....::':-: .!..£rice Hoc. ~.B. ~yattaca ~r :..:.F. Jurgens ~inister of Jus:ice Attor~Ey-G~ne~al r:~\-£.:r---.__-:.·.:..:-:: O::~_(.S Priv3tE. 3ag z~el:tsha, Cis~ei, So~:t A!rica Z."..:E: 1 its 'r.a, Cis~-- e i, S 8~:.. :. .:..~=:: i c 2 C:;;i<:s to: ·:-:-.€ r::i tor South r~rican ?=~~s A~sociatlOn PO Bs>: 77~·-6 ?0 Eox 131 1-·-<.- - ~ ~ ~- ~-- ~. r-:: :--: 7 e-- _.-? r :-~ ~-·~~ ~ -- '-..,;-,. .. .. olr.; tW .. ~ ~ ._ rf~', f ~.r:;;~ r:;~ ~~.. : g.C!~:": ~ F~ a ~ ~ :: • ~::: E ~~ ~ ~ ~~.. t;; £.=\:r'j§ International Secretariat • 10 Southampton Street • London WC2E 7HF • United Kingdom • Telephone: 01-836 778E. Telex: n:;:-~z EXTE~~AL (for general distribution) AI Index: AFR 53/11/83 Distr: UA/SC ~2 April 1S'6::. Further infor::::;ation o:: CA 1SE/82 (AFR 53/39/82 9 August, AFR 53/t-0:.,'83 Death Penalr:y ~· f SOUTH AFRICA: Thelle Simon !-lOGO!::~!..:.\'"£ Jerry Semano l-!OSOLOLI Marcus Thabo ~10TAU!-;G and UA 271/82 (AFR 53/53/82 30 ~ove!r.ber) -Death Penalty SOuTH AFRICA: Davie ~101SE Johannes SF_!.E.!.l,Gt.: Anthony Bobby TSOTS03E ====== Tne State Presicent of South Africa has not as yet a.r;:1o~nced any decision on the petitions for"clemency addressed to him by the SLX men above. Tr:elle Sic:Jon !-~ogoerane, Jerry Sen:ano :!-!osololi and ~:.arc1.:s Thabo ~!ot.aung ~ere sentenced to death en 6 August 1982 after being convicted of high treason, offences uncer the Terrorism Act, ~urder, attempted ~urcier and robbery. David !-1c•ise, Johannes Shabangu and A.!1thcny Bobby Tsotsobe ~ere sentenced to death on 19 August 1982 after being convicted of treason, offences under the Terrorism Act~ and attempted ~~rder. All six are alleged me~bers of the banned African ~ational Con;ress (;~c) anc ~ere convicted 1n relation to guerrilla activities carried out in South Africa on be~:alf of the /·~iC. The govern=ent has not announced ~~en the State President's decisi~n on the clewency petitions ~ill be given and it appears that there is no I:: .Ju;:;e 1?82 the 5:a:~ : :~s:::.~:-.: ;:-~:--:e~ c:~~.e:::y to thrE:~ u:.~~e:- a:li:::?e~ ::c=~e:-s o: the .~.:~: -....~:-~~ r.c~ =-·f;~:~ s-:.:.:~::.:i..: t:: ::£...:::::-: :or -cre~sc~ 4!!':C. C:.:·::::::::J:eC :.:-:ei:- se:-~ten:~~ 31 May 1983 !:la~~s the- 2:?nd anniversary of South Africa's b-::::1ing a repu"t:!. ic. Please continue to ar?eal :o =~e State ?resident an~ sen:or cajinet ~1n:;:ers (the StatE: !':-t·siC:c:--.: c.(·::s C.!"! t~e aCvice: c£ the c.:.~:~t:.:.,., L.!'"~:::§: t·-c::. tc E:xcrcise clt.:::-~=-~~Y c:1 ·~.:..:=.a:-.~t:e:.ria;.""~ grou:--..::.s (;H:rf.2?S cr.:·=--~ :·c:~.:.sio~ ':If:·--::: R.:::p:.;:,lic Da;: _.;_;-:i;.":c;c,r~·) 0r: 'c-t:!"-Jlf of the six:::.:::-: a:,ove. ::-;d recallir-.g .... - ,.... -.,...- ,...... ;...___- ...... ,._ Letters to: His Excellency ~2-rais Viljoe:-. Ron. P. V.'. Both a State ?resident Prime Hinister "Presidensia" Union Buildings Bryntirion Pretoria, South A£rica Pretoria, South Africa Ron. E.J. Coetsee Ron. R.F. Botha Minister of Justice }finister of ::oreign Affairs Union Buildings Union Builcings Pretoria, South .~rica Pretoria, South Africa Copies to: South .~rican Press Association POB 7766 POB 6663 Mutual Buildings Johannesburg Harrison S:.reet South Africa Joh&n:-lesburg South Africa 47 Sauer S:.:-eet Johc;r-r.esburg South Africa and to South African diplo~atic represe:1tatives 1n your co~ncry. ,,_,'A ' (.t/ ' p,~::;c~ r.=ke ~-.:~lClfi :;~ ~-~_,,'n :..:.s ~ .._,L; r~.:t?i·;e t!~1s L"r;:'~n! Tn~ :;:.;.:n-= of --\~11nes!~· !.,. ::I 3:-':-~..:. ( ~:,;' :·-. : :~J :'." ·:·: ·:·:,.-;c·::~'c ~ :::li)Il. 31:~~- i~t:~:5 \',"'"}::~: ._,,, '~ ;~ ~ ~ •.- •. , .. !' ·"' i' :-· "J • - ... ' - ...... - :,_) .... : :..- T ~ -~ .:· J;:E " ; I ' ~ ~-' : ,...... , ' ,, . .. - S~:eS' :'.J: l ~ \ :' ~ .. :: ~:::: r;-1 ~ ;; l ()! !'-:' .... -:: ':') ·\ 9 ...... __ , • ~ - • ...! " • ' ... ' " . i J-· : ...:.::-: ~ i: : -~ ; . t ~- .. ', .:. : ::-- )j ... .: ~-, __ ,. -·- -,:' ' -· _. :i. ;~ ':. • ..: 1!- ·.. : ~ . i '- . :1' ;"'::: •.:! !1 \' .:.. ~ ...• : ~ .- • . , u: \:.:: ~.; ~ _··. :. :··:-: ! '· .c i ". c r. --~,...,..~- --~..._,__,-·'---~--·------~------In §outh AJrica, de 9-th sentences are ------~~~··------~------.A '1 ·· often given~ seldo1n protested·:· gereC. protests and demonstrations. into disuse, such figures must botrify 8,· Ankro Pietila Here, last week's bangir.gs brought people.. Indeed they should horrify Jo"i-.anr ~s::--.c g S..;ceau of The Sun t.'le total so far this vear to lOil. Ex most Svuth Africans," the Johan."les Johan:1es~urg. South Afr:CA-The cept for one. all tbo;e hanf:ed have burg Star said in a rare anti- experts, Profe..<;..<~or John Dugard, bas Texas, his was not act as "a deterrent and even the ville, girl friend Per ..-ri tten that "it is impossible to di witness as was most experienced judges could make mitted to the e•·ent, vorce L~e ·racial factor from the death his Muslim spiritual counselor. grave mis~akes in imposmg 1t. penalty in South Africa." lJntil 1958, t.r.ere we:-e only e.ree Under South African law, onlv of capital crimes in South Africa-mur In exa~ing the total of 2,i40 .ex- ficials conducting the hanging aiJd a , ecutio!lS that occu..--red i.."'l this cour:try der, treason and rape. Only lD mur medical examination can be present. from 1910 1975, be observed that ders in v;-hich no exte:JUating circum to according to Y•• .artin Ferreira., a fewer than 100 of these hanged were stances could be fou:Jd was the Srandforte lESOTHO SOUTH 0 Banned S. African Receives AFRU:A Bedspread Fro1n Capitol Hill By Dave Cook-The Washington Po.'t By Allister Sparks A report of the raid in The Wash to people of color in South Africa," Special to Th• Washington Pos~ ington Post was followed by an ar Tsongas said. BRANDFORT, South Africa, ticle on the op-ed page by Suzmar. Suzman flew and drove to this March 17-A strange ceremony took describing what happ€ned. This remote village in the province of Or place in this remote and dusty vii prompted a group of 26 U.S. sena· ange Free State today to make the lage today when South Africa's lead tors and congressmen, organized by presentation under a willow tree out ing civil rights legislator, Helen Suz Sen. Paui Tsongas (D-Mass.), to side Mande1a's house. The three man, handed over a bedspread in a have a replacement bedspread made roomed house, with no electricity or colorful Pennsylvania Dutch design in the Pennsylvania Dutch design. running water, was too small for an to a leading figure of the country's They autographed it and sent it to audience of half a dozen reporters, outlawed black nationalist move Suzman with a request that she de particularly since the order restrict ment. liver it to l\1andela. Tsongas issued a ing Mandela prohibits her from Three months ago, during a visit statement explaining that the pre being in tht. company of more than by Suzman, the security police sentation of the bedspread was in one person at a time. raided the tiny house in Brandfort's tended to express support for 1'vfan Therefore, .l\Iandela, clad in a pale segregated black quarter where Win dela in her determined fight against Jlue full-length African gown and a nie Mandela, 47, wife of the jailed South Africa's segregationist system matching head scarf, went through a African National Congress leader called apartheid. series of one-to-one conversations Nelson Mandela, lives in banish "It will send a telling signal to under the willow tree. ment. They confiscated a bedspread Pretoria that the U.S. Congress con "This is a wonderful gesture, just in the green, black and yellow colors tinues to be concerned over the svs wonderful," Mandela murmured, of the banned African movement. tematic denial of basic human rights running her hands over the quilted bedspread and asking ahout its cen (D-Vt.); Robert C. Byrd (D-W.Va.); raids and arrests, although she has tral motif of a seven-pointed star, Bill Bradley (D-N.J.), and Christo never been convicted. She was ban which someone told her was a hex pher ,J_ Dodd (D-Conn.). ished to Brandfort after the 1976 sign to bring good luck. Co~ressmen who signed included student uprising in Johannesburg's "It makes one appreciate the sup Howard E. \Volpe (D-Mich.), chair black township of Soweto, in whi~h port of the American p€Ople, partic man of the House African affairs more than 600 young blacks were ularly after all the trouble we have subcommittee, Stephen ,J. Solarz (D. killed in clashes with police. had with the Reagan administra N.Y.) and Gus Savage (D-Ill.). Here, she has organized a mobile tion," she said. That was a reference Not a!i of the signatories go along health clinic in the district, started a to the administration's policy of with Mandela's left-leaning views, center for baby care and encouraged "constructive engagement" with the which the South African government the poorly paid local blacks to grow South African government, resented regards as communist, but she has their own vegetables and demand by the black nationalists who would become a symbol of black resistance better wages. "It is tragic that someone with so rather see a policy of sanctions. to apartheid. Her image among much vitality and so many talents to contribute to Others who signed the becbpread blacks is similar to that of her hus her country should be left to rot in this place," included Sen. Charles H. Percy (R band, who was sentenced to life im Suzman remarked to the reporters, as Mandela Ill.}, chairman of the Foreign Rela prisonment 20 years ago for plotting conversed animatedly a sufficient distance awav to tions Committee; his daughU;r, Shar the violent overthrow of white-mi avoid being part of what South African secu~rity on Percy Rockefeller; Sens. Nancy L. nority rule. laY.-s would regard as a ~gathering." Kassebaum (H-Kan.). chairman of Mrs. Mandela has Jived under "Whenever I call here I am struck by the fact the subcommittee on Africa; .fohn strict banning orders for 20 years that any requests she has are for other pwple Glenn (0-0hio); Patrick ,J. Leahy and has been subjected to numerous never for herself," Suzman added. ' Says Treason Case Endangered •"rienM "-'ZA>- . ~ ._, · By Allister Sparks The reports also quoted Mayson as saying he Spect.'\110 Th~ W"'lllngton P<>ot decided to t1ee because, even if he had been ac· . ,JOHANNESBURG, April t9-A former Meth quitted, he believed the security police would have odist minister charged with high treason under detained him again without charges. He was held South Africa's stringent security laws jumped bail for 14 months without charges before being and fled the country prior to the resumption of brought to court Feb. 7. · his triJI yesterday. Mayson said a friend drove him near Lesotho Cedric Mayson, 55, was accused of being a Friday. He waded across the Caledon River into member, or an active supporter, of the banned the little African state after wandering lost in the African National Congress, which is committed to bush for nearly four hours. He !lew from there to trying to overthrow white-minority rule hy force. Mozambique, then to London, Mayson said. The judge in the case sustained Mayson's charge When the Supreme Court assembled for the that he was tortured during interrogation. resumption of the case in PretDria yesterday, The onetime minister, who had assured friends Mayson's lawyer, Ernest Wentzel, handed the and .Judge Pieter Vander Walt that he wanted to judge a letter of apology from the former minister. face trial to prove his innocence, told a press con Mayson's wife Penelope, who with their seven ference in r,ondon today he decided to flee be children seeks to join her husband in Britain, said cause friends and colleagues would have been en bricks were thrown through windows of their dangered if the case had continued. house and car last night. "They would deliberately have chosen to go to News of Mayson's flight surprised his friends, jail· for contempt of court rather than give evi who said they had felt confident he would he ac dence against me, and the state knew this," quitted. Although the treason charge was osten Mayson said, according to wire services. sibly serious, they said the low bail set hy the This was thought to refer particularly to C.F. judge indicated he viewed it as treason only in a Beyers Naude, banned former director of the pro· technical sense. Bail is not usually granted in trea scribed Christian Institute. Mayson left the min son cases. istry to work with Naude at the institute. Naude, Mayson was detained by the security police a well-known white Afrikaner dissident, had been Nov. 27, l98l, the same day as Neil Aggett, a subpoenaed to testify against Mayson but had young labor unionist whose subsequent death in told associates he would refuse. detention caused an international outcry. Because of the Gandhi sweep at the Aca demv awards and the fact that some of the 'GANDHI' CONTROVERSY film'~ most powerful scenes dealt with Gan dhi's stav in South Africa, the entire Atten A~ri CA. Ne..0S [A;\;] South African officials seem to have borough 'episode resulted in a heap of bad pub been caught napping hy the sudden contro licity for the South AfriC'an government. Stories Y~-zs-&3 versy over last week's premieres of the Aca in the major U.S. newspapers featured denun demy Award-winning film Gall(/hi in six South ciations of South Africa's official policy of racial African cities. separation by some leaders of the Indian com Gandhi director Richard Attenborough had munity in that country and by Gandhi's daugh originally planned to appear at a gala pr~rniere ter-in-law, Susheila Gandhi, who also bov- of the movie in Johannesburg as well as at cotted the premiere. - several other showings, including one in the black suburb of Soweto. Because the 111m was Seu.:su.:eek said the controversv "carne wrapped in layers of irony," one of being to he played to racially segregated audiences, th~se the fact that the affair could have gotten more hov.·ever, anti-apartheid activists around the embarrassing if actor Ben Kingsley, who played world, and particularly members of South Af· the lead, had decided to attend. ''Half-Indian rica's Indian commt•nity, urged Attenborough and therefore 'Coloured' bv Pretoria's stan to boycott as a personal statement against dards," said .\'eu.:stceek, "Ki~gsley would have segregation. been treated not much better than Gandhi After davs of deliberation, Attenborough an himself was 77 years ago." nounced l~st Tuesdav that he would not attend International repurcussions aside, the Gan anv of the South African showings unless the dhi imbroglio appears to have buO\·ed anti entire run of the Him \vas to be made multi ~o\·ernment activists in the Indian c.-o.mrnunitv racial. Government permits for multi-racial ~t a time when Prime \finister P. \V. Botha had shows, meanwhile, had been issued for the been wooing 'Coloured' and Indian support for Johannesburg premiere and f()r other screen his constitutional plan offering limited repre ings, though ryo_t forthe ~ntire run. sentation for these groups. • S. African lVIagistrate •) •) \ ------'-'''~:._1•1\ . •,,,,,,, /'J.'i' TilE\\' \:-iiii:\<~TO\ I'OST I -- Rejects Testimony, _S.otttll Africa11 Jttclge Fitl(ls Acquits Four Blacl\.s 1 SOUTH AFRICA, From A22 Police Coercioi1 of \\ it11esscs of them seriously, and five said they had been threatened with assault. Hy Allister Sparks and found that in three in:;tances it Nine had said the security police had told them ~IJt"clal rn T!1~ Wa..:tlm~ton J-'rJ'lt was unacceptable as evidence he· what statements were required from them. .JOHAr\1\r:SBCRC, April 8-In cau:::e the witne~~es had been fright Five had said they were kept in isolation before what is believed to- he an unprece ened and threatened by the security and during interrogation. dented judgment in South Africa, police. Two had said they were to.W to fabricate evi ma~istrate I. .). .). Luther acqu(tted The four accused, all chmged with dence. One of these was a black, Portuguese four young blacks today of subver furthering the aims of hanned black speaking i\lozambican named ,Jim Kelly, who con sion charges because he found that ~tudent organizations, w:::re Stanley fessed under cross-examination that he was an security police had coerced ~tate wit Radehe, 2/, Mthuthuzeli Madalen, agent of the South African security police. ne~o,es into giving testimony. 24. Lehona Ernest Mohakdla, 2:l, Luther did not deal specifically with all these The nine-month trial in Kempton and a woman, Nonkukuleko lnnn allegations in his judgment, but he indicated that . Park, near here, included evidence of centia l\lazihuko, 2:t he considered the three cases he cited as sufficient assaults and threats against wit Mohakala also was chan:ed with to discredit the whole state case. nesses and the testimo:ty of a secu undergoing military training in Leb· The case also fes.tured a ttial within a trial ritv police agent who admitted he anon. when Soggot challenged the admissibility of a con· had been to!r..l to fabricate evidence. The trial received little publicity fession allegedly made by Radebe. Luther found Although there have been many until its final day. David ~<'ggot, that Radebe had been treated "in an inhuman such allegations of C(Jercion hy secu Iawver f0r two of the acrw,ed, fashion" and ruled the confession inadmissible. ritv police in the past, this i:-o he oresented a document he te:-med "a Luther's judgments come only six weeks after a lie~ed to he the first time the ~ev1ew of the ir.terro\!ational nrnce's provincial supreme court judge in Pretoria found charge;; have been upheld in a judg accordmg to the state \\ itne~-e::..::_ that a statement by Cedric Mayson, a Methodist ment resulting in acquittal. In it he noted that six witnesses minister charged with treason under the stringent Luther !'aid he doubted the tes had said they were assaulted, some security laws, was inadmissible as evidence be· timony of all the key state witnesses, See SOUTH AFRICA, A2:l, Col. 4 cause he had made it under duress. In that case Mayson told .Judge Pieter van der Walt that he had made the statement while being tortured by the security police. Mayson's trial is scheduled to continue April 18. John Dugard, professor of law at Johannes· burg's Witwatersrand University, said today he hoped the two findings meant the courts were be ginning to take a more critical look at security police methods. Magistrates are state employes and generally regarded as less independent than judges, who have tenure. Judges hear cases in the provincial supreme courts and the court of appeals, while magistrates sit in the lower courts-but often with extended jurisdiction that enables them to jail prisoners for up to 10 years. A24 l'riJay, April 22. I'JKI THE W ASIIINGTON POST U.S. Groups Attack Administration~s Namibia Policy Urge Dropping Demand That Cubans Withdra1v By Lexie Verdon Washington Post t'oreign Service A coalition of 24 U.S. religious, political and labor groups yesterday assailed the Reagan administration's policies in the stalled talks to the National Urban League and the United end South African control of Namibia and said Auto Workers. Although many of the groups if the impas..<;e continues the United States have been critical of Reagan administration should dismantle some of its growing ties to policies before, it is believed to be the first Pretoria. major coordinated effort on Namibia. In a study released during a Capitol Hill The study has three major recommenda press conference, the coalition criticized the tions. It urges the administration to end its· administration for insisting that Cuban troops insistence on the Cuban withdrawal; to adopt a stationed in Angola must be removed before firmer position with South Africa, and if the an accord on Namibia (South-West Africa) can talks continue to be unsuccessful, move to "dis be reached. mantle" some of its current ties to Pretoria; · The coalition, which one leader said repre and if that is not successful, work with the rest sents more than 15 million Americans, includes of the Contact Group to have the United Na the National Association for the Advancement tions consider sanctions against South Africa. of Colored People, Lutheran World Ministries, Angola insists the Cubans are necessary to Americans for Democratic Action, American thwart South African incursions against Na Federation of State, County and Municipal mibian guerrillas, who are based in Angola, Employees, the Congressional Black Caucus, and the issue has become the latest sticking the border and had been told by South African Foreign Minister Pik Botha that "Pretoria would feel compelled to launch a large-scale at tack if its deadline of mid-August for complet point in the long-stalled talks among South ing" the Namibia talks was not met. Africa, the African front-line states and the The State Department refused to comment five-member Western Contact Group that in on the intelligence matters Robinson cited. But cludes the United States. a spokesman said the administration is con Randal Robinson, executive director of vinced "that its approach offers the best Transafrica, a black lobby for Afnca and the chance for peaceful change in the region." Caribbean that was among the 24 groups in Rep. Julian Dixon (D-Calif.), chairman of voho:ed in the study, said the Reagan admin the Congressional Blaek Caucus, announced at istration "has failed in part [in the talks] be the press conference that the caucus is spon cause of its own recalcitration in putting pres soring a resolution endorsing the study's rec sure on South Africa." ommendations. As an example, he accused the administra The coalition also criticized the U.S. policy tion of having advance warning of a major of "constructive engagement" or maintaining South African invasion of Angola in August. good relations with South Africa to influence Robinson gave reporters papers he said were its behavior. copies of the daily intelligence briefing from "Little that is 'constructive' has resulted July 28 showing that U.S. agencies had de from the 'engagement' with South Africa," the tected a buildup of South African forces along study said. ~:J A disaster area H25: Financial Mail(SA), Mar. 25, '83 '\amibia is becoming more and more of a with SA." reserves which are overcrowded and :cc•litical. diplomatic and economic d1saster Namibia's budget is smaller than that of overgrazed. ;:ta. Despite last week's secret talks be many large towns and is equal to a mere The 1982 gdp figures show negative : ween SA and the US in Washington. and 2,7% of SA's own budget. In manv wavs the growth. The only growth sector is govern 7edictions of yet another round of Cape territory is typical o(African co~ntries. Its ment - largely a reflection of increased 'erde meetings with Angola. an early set export-orientated economy 1s so dependent military and police expenditure. ·Jement leading to Independence is on the pnmary sector - mining. agricul State expenditure now amounts to 37'7c of ,1nlikely. ture and fishing make up 40So of gdp this GDP. It would been even hig~r ii Dirk So the territory remains caught in a vi year as oppo,ed to the usual 45% - that !\1udge's former administration had been cious circle of political, security and eco the drought, combmed with falling market allowed to try to buy suppcrt with in nomic problems - all of which affect each prices, have had a catastrophic efiect. creased expenditure. Some of the State vther. The stagnating economy needs in There are fewer jobs and less tax rev spending is wasted through the 11 "ethmc vestment but investors are staying away enue to maintain _even the minimal welfare governments" that make ~amibia tht> most until they see what the future holds. Unem se.rvices provided. overgoverned country in the world. Accusa ployment is climbing and the majority of Rio Tinto's giant Rossing Uranium mine tiom of corruption are now being investi the population. particularly in rural areas. begins paying tax this year but there is no gated by a SA-appointed commission of is plunging deeper into poverty. chance of a large revenue boost from this inquiry. This, as Administrator General Willie source. According to a Rossing spokesman, Squeezed government revenue means van l'tiekerk and Swapo spokesman Daniel the company is still using up its tax losses, that existing capital and infrastructure Tjongarero agree, increases Swapo's ap and will only begin paying normal tax next contracts are being completed, but no more ·peal. Pretoria is determined that Swapo's year. are being awarded. This has the effect of flag will not fly over Windhoek, at least The country's tiny manufacturing sector driving skilled whites to SA as their work while the movement remains committed to - less than 5'7c of gdp but employing 10cco drieo up. Th:s serious long-term skills drain Marxism. Worsemr.g economic problems. of the workforce - has been hit by the is worsened by political un:::e1 tainty. therefore, heighte:1 Pretona's doubts about downturn, financing problems and by SA's If political independence ever the desirabil:tv of a s?ttlement. industrial decen~raLsation programme. materialises, the country cai1 be expected l'tamibia is,-of course. tied economically South African blis1::esses in the i\'alvis Bay to join the Southern African Development to SA. Having been administered as a fifth enclave and O\'.Cr the southern border are Co-o;dinating Council. which i:Jcludes most province. it is locked into the SA system to boosted by subsidies and rebates to the of the countries trying to reduce their mas a greater degree than Zimbabwe, or even point wh~r~ Namibian business is being sive dependence on SA. Namibia is poten Swaziland and Lesotho. priced out of its ov.-n market. tially an important exporter of One Namibian businessman says: "We're Karakul prices, the economic staple of hydr0€lec:ric power, as well as of uranium, linked into SA's financial, transport. com the arid south. have fallen. The drought, coal, and pcssibly - if suspected oilfields munications and retail r:etworks, but the ef· which has dragged on for several years, is offshore and in the Etosha basin under the feet is to drain, and not. stimulate us. We worsening. Farmers are struggling to pre present war area can be proved - of oil. import SA's high inflation rate with iL'i serve their breeding stock, and there has Political independence will be the begin goods and money. In fact. between 80'/c and been a rash of bankruptcies among the ning of a struggle for some measure of eco 90% of our consumer goods are from SA, smaller white farmers. Black farmers are nomic independence. But that seems a long though our exports mostly go elsewhere. confined to the communally-owned ethnic way off. We have a very skewed balance of trade