DOCSLIB.ORG

Derogation Reporting for 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Derogation Reporting for 2007 Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 COMPOSITE EUROPEAN COMMISSION REPORT ON DEROGATIONS IN 2007 ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 9 OF DIRECTIVE 79/409/EEC ON THE CONSERVATION OF WILD BIRDS DECEMBER 2009 1 Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................... 3 1 Methodology................................................................................................. 4 2 Overview of derogations across the EU........................................................ 7 3 Member State reports.................................................................................. 12 3.1 Austria................................................................................................. 12 3.2 Belgium............................................................................................... 14 3.3 Bulgaria............................................................................................... 15 3.4 Cyprus................................................................................................. 16 3.5 Czech Republic................................................................................... 17 3.6 Denmark.............................................................................................. 18 3.7 Estonia................................................................................................. 19 3.8 Finland ................................................................................................ 20 3.9 France.................................................................................................. 22 3.10 Germany.............................................................................................. 23 3.11 Greece ................................................................................................. 24 3.12 Hungary............................................................................................... 25 3.13 Ireland ................................................................................................. 26 3.14 Italy ..................................................................................................... 27 3.15 Latvia .................................................................................................. 29 3.16 Lithuania ............................................................................................. 30 3.17 Luxembourg........................................................................................ 31 3.18 Malta ................................................................................................... 31 3.19 Netherlands ......................................................................................... 33 3.20 Poland ................................................................................................. 34 3.21 Portugal............................................................................................... 35 3.22 Romania .............................................................................................. 37 3.23 Slovakia............................................................................................... 37 3.24 Slovenia............................................................................................... 38 3.25 Spain ................................................................................................... 39 3.26 Sweden................................................................................................ 41 3.27 United Kingdom..................................................................................43 ANNEX A........................................................................................................... 45 ANNEX B........................................................................................................... 46 2 Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 Introduction According to Article 9 of the Birds Directive (79/409/EEC), the EU Member States (MS) may derogate from the provisions of Articles 5, 6, 7 and 8. Derogations may be issued provided that there are no other satisfactory solutions. Every year Member States (ref Art. 9.3) forward to the European Commission a specific report on the implementation of Art.9. This composite report provides an analysis of the EU Member States annual reports covering the year 2007 and an assessment of the conformity of the derogations issued with the protection measures of the Birds Directive. The report is based on the national reports submitted to the EC Commission from all of the 27 EU Member States. 3 Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 1 Methodology Twenty-seven national reports on derogations issued in 2007, according to Art. 9 of the Birds Directive, have been assessed. All derogations have been systematically scrutinised looking for high numbers of licenses, species, country specific reasons or methods, allowed activities. The evaluation has been carried out in different steps: a) checking of the completeness of the national reports submitted A formal check of the reports has been carried out in order to verify whether all the needed information, specified in Art. 9.2, was provided. b) checking of the number of derogations and of licenses issued The control has been carried out to evaluate how often each MS has used this prerogative. The historical trend of the derogations issued has also been taken into consideration. When a national report does not include information on the number of licenses issued per derogation, it was assumed that only 1 license is covered by each derogation (i.e. 1 derogation = 1 license). c) checking of the reasons for which the derogations have been issued Derogations under art. 9 of the Birds Directive can be granted only for specific reasons, listed in table 1 and, more in detail, in annex A. The consistency with provisions of the Birds Directive has been verified. Derogations issued for scientific research and educational purposes and to protect wild flora and fauna and natural habitats were a priori considered as compatible with the Directive since they usually do not affect the conservation status of the species population. Only in very few cases, when the derogation included killing of individuals, they were analysed in more detail. Table 1. Main standardised codes for derogation reasons Code Reasons reported in art. 9.1 of the Birds Directive 10 (a) in the interests of public health and safety 20 (a) in the interests of air safety 30 (a) to prevent serious damage, in particular to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries and water 40 (a) for the protection of flora and fauna 50 (b) for the purposes of research and teaching, of re-population, of reintroduction and for the breeding necessary for these purposes 60 (c) to permit, under strictly supervised conditions and on a selective basis, the capture, keeping or other judicious use of certain birds in small numbers d) checking of the alternative solutions Derogation may be granted provided that no alternative solutions exist. When the national report does not provide this information, it was assumed that no alternative solutions exist. e) checking activities and methods permitted Derogations can allow only some activities, specified in arts. 5 and 6.1, listed in table 2 and, more in detail, in annex B. Derogations allowing impacting activities, such as killing of individuals, destruction of breeding sites places, were analysed in more detail in order to establish the eventual impact on the conservation status of the species concerned. 4 Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 Table 2. Main standardised codes for authorized activities. Code Main permitted activity 10 Sale 20 Deliberate capture by any method 30 Deliberate killing by any method 40 Hunting 50 Keeping Deliberate disturbance of these birds, particularly during the period of breeding 80 and rearing 100 Taking of eggs in the wild and keeping these eggs even if empty Deliberate destruction of, or damage to, birds nests and eggs or removal of birds 120 nests Transport for sale, keeping for sale and the offering for sale of live or dead birds 130 and of any readily recognizable parts or derivatives of such birds Table 3. Standardised codes for methods. Codes Method BTH1 Firearms BTH Traps BTH Nets BTH By hand BD2 Lime BD Cages BD Snares BD Poison and poisoned or anesthetic bait BD Pricking of eggs BD Decoys BD Falconry BD Tape recording BD Bird calls BD Ringing BD Scaring devices BD Electrical devices capable of killing or stunning BD Artificial light sources BD Mirrors and other dazzling devices BD Devices for illuminating targets BD Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image magnifier or image converter BD Explosives BD Gassing and smoking out BD Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition BD Aircraft BD Motor vehicles in motion BD Hooks BD Boats driven in excess of five kilometers per hour 1 BTH means that the activity can be used for derogations under the Birds and Habitats Directives. 2 BD means that the activity can only be used under the Birds Directive. 5 Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 Article 9.2 of the Birds Directive requires a derogation report to specify the means, arrangements or methods authorised for capture or killing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Olume 39 • No 5 • 2017
    DUTCH BIRDINGVOLUME 39 • NO 5 • 2017 Dutch Birding Dutch Birding HOO F D R EDACTEU R Arnoud van den Berg (06-54270796, [email protected]) ADJUNCT HOO F D R EDACTEU R Enno Ebels (030-2961335, [email protected]) UITVOE R END R EDACTEU R André van Loon (020-6997585, [email protected]) FOTOG R A F ISCH R EDACTEU R René Pop (06-22396323, [email protected]) REDACTIE R AAD Peter Adriaens, Sander Bot, Thijs Fijen, Dick Groenendijk, Łukasz Ławicki, Gert Ottens, Roy Slaterus, Roland van der Vliet en Peter de Vries REDACTIE -ADVIES R AAD Peter Barthel, Mark Constantine, Andrea Corso, Dick Forsman, Ricard Gutiérrez, Killian Mullarney, Klaus Malling Olsen, Magnus Robb, Hadoram Shirihai en Lars Svensson REDACTIEMEDEWE R KE R S Garry Bakker, Mark Collier, Harvey van Diek, Nils van Duivendijk, Willem-Jan Internationaal tijdschrift over Fontijn, Hans Groot, Justin Jansen, Jan van der Laan, Hans van der Meulen, Mark Nieuwenhuis, Palearctische vogels Jelmer Poelstra, Martijn Renders, Kees Roselaar, Vincent van der Spek en Jan Hein van Steenis LAY -OUT André van Loon PR ODUCTIE André van Loon en René Pop REDACTIE Dutch Birding ADVE R TENTIES Debby Doodeman, p/a Dutch Birding, Postbus 75611, 1070 AP Amsterdam Duinlustparkweg 98A [email protected] 2082 EG Santpoort-Zuid ABONNEMENTEN De abonnementsprijs voor 2017 bedraagt: EUR 40.00 (Nederland), EUR 42.50 Nederland (België), EUR 43.50 (rest van Europa) en EUR 45.00 (landen buiten Europa). [email protected] U kunt zich abonneren door het overmaken van de abonnementsprijs op bankrekening (IBAN): NL95 INGB 0000 1506 97; BIC: INGBNL2A ten name van Dutch Birding Association te Amsterdam, FOTO R EDACTIE ovv ‘abonnement Dutch Birding’ en uw postadres.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vocal Behavior of the American Crow, Corvus Brachyrhynchos
    THE VOCAL BEHAVIOR OF THE AMERICAN CROW, CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Sciences in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robin Tarter, B.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Masters Examination Committee Approved by Dr. Douglas Nelson, Advisor Dr. Mitch Masters _________________________________ Dr. Jill Soha Advisor Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the vocal behavior of the American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and to thereby address questions about the evolutionary significance of crow behavior. I recorded the calls of 71 birds of known sex and age in a family context. Sorting calls by their acoustic characteristics and behavioral contexts, I identified and hypothesized functions for 7 adult and 2 juvenile call types, and in several cases found preferential use of a call type by birds of a particular sex or breeding status. My findings enrich our understanding of crow social behavior. I found that helpers and breeders played different roles in foraging and in protecting family territories from other crows and from predators. My findings may also be useful for human management of crow populations, particularly dispersal attempts using playbacks of crows’ own vocalizations. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Kevin McGowan of Cornell, Dr. Anne Clark of Binghamton University, and Binghamton graduate student Rebecca Heiss for allowing me to work with their study animals. McGowan, Clark and Heiss shared their data with me, along with huge amounts of information and insight about crow behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • ORL 5.1 Non-Passerines Final Draft01a.Xlsx
    The Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia (OSME) The OSME Region List of Bird Taxa, Part A: Non-passerines. Version 5.1: July 2019 Non-passerine Scientific Families placed in revised sequence as per IOC9.2 are denoted by ֍֍ A fuller explanation is given in Explanation of the ORL, but briefly, Bright green shading of a row (eg Syrian Ostrich) indicates former presence of a taxon in the OSME Region. Light gold shading in column A indicates sequence change from the previous ORL issue. For taxa that have unproven and probably unlikely presence, see the Hypothetical List. Red font indicates added information since the previous ORL version or the Conservation Threat Status (Critically Endangered = CE, Endangered = E, Vulnerable = V and Data Deficient = DD only). Not all synonyms have been examined. Serial numbers (SN) are merely an administrative convenience and may change. Please do not cite them in any formal correspondence or papers. NB: Compass cardinals (eg N = north, SE = southeast) are used. Rows shaded thus and with yellow text denote summaries of problem taxon groups in which some closely-related taxa may be of indeterminate status or are being studied. Rows shaded thus and with yellow text indicate recent or data-driven major conservation concerns. Rows shaded thus and with white text contain additional explanatory information on problem taxon groups as and when necessary. English names shaded thus are taxa on BirdLife Tracking Database, http://seabirdtracking.org/mapper/index.php. Nos tracked are small. NB BirdLife still lump many seabird taxa. A broad dark orange line, as below, indicates the last taxon in a new or suggested species split, or where sspp are best considered separately.
    [Show full text]
  • American Crow Corvus Brachyrhynchos
    American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Chordata The American crow is a large bird (17 to 21 inches) Class: Aves with a large, strong bill. Its nostrils are covered by Order: Passeriformes bristles. Both the male and the female are entirely black in color. Family: Corvidae ILLINOIS STATUS BEHAVIORS common, native The American crow is a common, statewide, permanent resident of Illinois. Some crows do © U.S. Army Corps of Engineers migrate, and those that migrate start spring migration in February or March. Nesting season occurs during the period March through May with one brood raised per year. The nest is built of sticks, bark and vines and lined with bark, mosses, grasses, feathers and other materials. It is placed in the crotch of a tree or near the tree trunk on a horizontal branch, from 10 to 70 feet above the ground. Both the male and the female construct the nest in a process that takes nearly two weeks. The female lays two to seven green-blue to pale-blue eggs that are marked with darker colors. The incubation period lasts for 18 days, and both male and female share incubation duties. Fall migration includes mainly crows moving into Illinois from more northerly states and northern Illinois crows moving adult into central Illinois. The American crow makes a “caw” noise. It eats corn, sumac berries, poison ivy ILLINOIS RANGE berries, insects, dead animals, eggs and nestlings of other birds and most anything edible. It lives in open or semi-open areas, woodland edges, woodlands, shores, river groves and farm fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Range and Habitat Use of Breeding Common Ravens (Corvus
    HOME RANGE AND HABITAT USE OF BREEDING COMMON RAVENS IN REDWOOD NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS by Amy Leigh Scarpignato A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science In Natural Resources: Wildlife August, 2011 ABSTRACT Home range and habitat use of breeding Common Ravens in Redwood National and State Parks Amy Scarpignato Very little is known about home range and habitat use of breeding Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) despite their identification as nest predators of the Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus). I used radio telemetry to examine home range, habitat use, and foraging behavior of breeding Common Ravens in RNSP during 2009 (n = 3) and 2010 (n = 8). I estimated home range and core-use area size, calculated home range overlap between adjacent ravens, and quantified site fidelity by calculating overlap between years for the same individuals. I used Resource Utilization Functions (RUFs) to examine raven resource use within the home range. Average home range size of ravens in RNSP was 182.5 ha (range 82-381 ha) and average core-use area was 31.4 ha (range 5-71 ha). The most supported habitat use models were the global and human models followed by the old-growth model. All beta coefficients in models of individual birds differed from zero suggesting that the variables in the models had a strong influence on home range use. Home range use of individual ravens was generally higher near roads (n = 6), old-growth edge (n = 7), bare ground (n = 6), and in mixed hardwood (n = 5) and prairie habitats (n = 5).
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Biodiversity in Heavy Metal Songs
    Journal of Geek Studies jgeekstudies.org Bird biodiversity in heavy metal songs Henrique M. Soares1, João V. Tomotani2, Barbara M. Tomotani 3, Rodrigo B. Salvador3 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. 2 Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Wellington, New Zealand. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Birds have fascinated humankind since 1), birds are not typically seen as badass forever. Their ability to fly, besides being a enough to feature on heavy metal album constant reminder of our own limitations, covers and songs, even though sometimes was a clear starting point to link birds to they already have the right makeup for it deities and the divine realm (Bailleul-LeSu- (Fig. 2). er, 2012). Inevitably, these animals became very pervasive in all human cultures, myths As we highlighted above, the birds’ and folklore (Armstrong, 1970). In fact, they power of flight is their main feature, but are so pervasive that they have found their they have another power up their feathery way to perhaps the most unlikely cultural sleeves. And this feat is one that people tend niche: Heavy Metal. to consider one of the most human endeav- ors of all: music. Most birds are deemed With some exceptions, such as raptors melodious creatures, like the slate-colored (Accipitriformes) and ravens/crows1 (Fig. solitaire (Myadestes unicolor) from Central Figure 1. Examples of album covers with birds: Devil’s Ground, by Primal Fear (Nuclear Blast, 2004), and the fan- tastic Winter Wake, by Elvenking (AFM, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Bach
    The Bridge Across Forever: A Lovestory By Richard Bach Publication Date: October 1989 Publisher: Random House Publishing Group ISBN: 9780440108269 ISBN: 0440108268 Synopsis If you've ever felt alone in a world of strangers, missing someone you've never met, you'll find a message from your love in The Bridge Across Forever. Annotation Bach's first person account of his search for the soulmate he knew he was born to meet. a moving honest love story from the author of Jonathon Liningston Seagull. Review by Publishers Weekly An extended dialogue between Bach and his inner child comprises the latest book from the author of Jonathan Livingston Seagull. While hang-gliding one afternoon, Bach is reminded of a promise he made to himself when he was a child: to write a book containing the sum of all he has learned and deliver it to his nine-year-old self, Dickie. But Bach finds that Dickie is angry and hurt at having been locked away for the last 50 years. Slowly a dialogue emerges, as Bach tries to pass on his years of experience and in return relives some buried memories, particularly the events surrounding the death of his brother Bobby. What results is a kind of Richard Bach primer, summing up the author's thoughts on time, love, death and God and laying out a belief system not unlike George Bernard Shaw's idea of the Life Force. Participating in this shared voyage of discovery is Bach's wife, who contributes her own insights and acts as a kind of reality check on her husband.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Field Ornithologists September 2020 Newsletter
    Western Field Ornithologists September 2020 Newsletter Black Skimmers, Marbled Godwits, and Forster’s Terns. Imperial Beach, San Diego County. 3 September 2009. Photo by Thomas A. Blackman. Christopher Swarth, Newsletter Editor http://westernfieldornithologists.org/ What’s Inside…. Farewell from President Kurt Leuschner Welcome to New Board Members Alan Craig Remembers the Early Days of WFO Jon and Kimball on Bird Taxonomy and the NACC Western Regional Bird Highlights by Paul Lehman Steve Howell: A Big Year by Foot in Town Over-eager Nuthatches and Willing Sapsuckers Meet the WFO Board Members Awards and new WFO Leadership Kimball’s Life and Covid-time in a New Home Book reviews Student Research Field Notes and Art Announcements and News Kurt Leuschner’s President’s Farewell These past two years have been an interesting time to be the President of Western Field Ornithologists. We had one of our most successful conferences in Albuquerque, and just before the lockdown we completed a very memorable WFO field trip to Tasmania. We accomplished a lot together, and I look forward to assisting with future planning when the world opens up again – and it will! While we may not know exactly what lies ahead, we certainly won’t take anything for granted. We’re in the midst of a worldwide discourse about the serious impacts of social injustice. How the ornithological community can help improve the experiences of minorities in field ornithology continues to be on our minds as we move forward into 2021. Our new WFO Diversity and Inclusivity subcommittee has met two times already, and we will continue to discover and to implement ways to bring more under- represented groups into the world of birds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolutionary History of Birds
    April, 2011 The Evolutionary History of Birds Birds are charismatic and familiar parts of our natural world, and their fossil past is equally eloquent and well documented. We will explore the gradual transition from the Raptors of Jurassic Park to the chickens and chickadees we know today. Our speaker is Brian Davis a graduate student at the University of Oklahoma. He is a native Oklahoman who grew up back east and went to school at the College of William and Mary in Virginia. He has a Masters in Zoology from the University of Oklahoma, and will be defending his dissertation and completing his PhD next month on the evolution of early fossil mammals. He became interested in birds only recently, after reading "The Big Year" in 2007. His wife is also a graduate student, They have two boys: Ben, 4, can identify more birds than the average undergraduate, and Owen, 2, will hopefully be right on his heels. Come join us and bring a friend for a good evening of camaraderie, birds, & great refreshments. Our meetings are held September through June on the third Monday of each month. Meetings begin at 7 p.m. at the Will Rogers Garden Center, I-4 and NW 36th Street. Visitors are always welcome. Cookie Patrol Refreshments for the April meeting will be provided by Bill Diffin, Nealand Hill, Marion Homier & John Cleal. Have you overlooked paying your 2011 dues??? It‟s not too late but please renew soon before your membership lapses! Dues for 2011 are $15 and can be paid at the April meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Referential Gestures in Ravens (Corvus Corax) in the Wild
    ARTICLE Received 5 Aug 2011 | Accepted 26 Oct 2011 | Published 29 Nov 2011 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1567 The use of referential gestures in ravens (Corvus corax) in the wild Simone Pika1 & Thomas Bugnyar2 Around the age of one year, human children start to use gestures to coordinate attention towards a social partner and an object of mutual interest. These referential gestures have been suggested as the foundation to engage in language, and have so far only been observed in great apes. Virtually nothing is known about comparable skills in non-primate species. Here we record thirty-eight social interactions between seven raven (Corvus corax) dyads in the Northern Alps, Austria during three consecutive field seasons. All observed behaviours included the showing and/or offering of non-edible items (for example, moss, twigs) to recipients, leading to frequent orientation of receivers to the object and the signallers and subsequent affiliative interactions. We report evidence that the use of declarative gestures is not restricted to the primate lineage and that these gestures may function as ‘testing-signals’ to evaluate the interest of a potential partner or to strengthen an already existing bond. 1 Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Research Group ‘Comparative Gestural Signalling’, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, Geesehouse, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany. 2 Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.P. (email: [email protected]). NatURE COMMUNicatiONS | 2:560 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1567 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NatUre cOMMUNicatiONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1567 rom early childhood on, human infants frequently use dis- crucial in boosting not only their cognitive but also, especially, their tinct gestures such as showing, offering, giving (for example, vocal and nonvocal communicative abilities.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2017 ~Newsletter~
    Arizona’s Raptor Experience, LLC January 2017 ~Newsletter~ Greetings from Chino Valley and Happy New Year! We hope you enjoyed the holiday season Mark your and that you’ve had a great start to calendar! 2017. We’re pleased to report that all the Upcoming birds are robust and healthy. The big news program: here is that Leopold (Leo) the Bald Eagle is Watters Garden coming along nicely and we hope to have him Center out for programs within the next month or WattersGardenCenter.com Prescott, AZ two – stay tuned! In this issue we focus on the historical Saturday, use of Eagle Owls in falconry and on the March 4th unbefitting historical names of the Northern 9:30 a.m. Goshawk. We hope you enjoy it! If you’d like to suggest a topic for the newsletter or submit a photo for ID, please let us know! The Eurasian Eagle Owl…Decoy and Lure in Old World Falconry Historically referred to as the Great Owl, the Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) is one of the largest owls in the world. Occupying a variety of habitat types including wooded and grassy areas and even desert environments, they can be found from sea level to 15,400 feet (4700 m). Their distribution across Eurasia extends from Spain to northern Japan and into North Africa. Throughout this extensive area they are at the top of their food chain, taking over 250 documented prey types, including other owls and diurnal raptors. Andromeda – photo by Gayle Lucci There are 14 sub-species of Eagle Owls, including a small breeding population in the UK that is thought to have originated from escaped falconry birds.
    [Show full text]
  • Simplified-ORL-2019-5.1-Final.Pdf
    The Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia (OSME) The OSME Region List of Bird Taxa, Part F: Simplified OSME Region List (SORL) version 5.1 August 2019. (Aligns with ORL 5.1 July 2019) The simplified OSME list of preferred English & scientific names of all taxa recorded in the OSME region derives from the formal OSME Region List (ORL); see www.osme.org. It is not a taxonomic authority, but is intended to be a useful quick reference. It may be helpful in preparing informal checklists or writing articles on birds of the region. The taxonomic sequence & the scientific names in the SORL largely follow the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) List at www.worldbirdnames.org. We have departed from this source when new research has revealed new understanding or when we have decided that other English names are more appropriate for the OSME Region. The English names in the SORL include many informal names as denoted thus '…' in the ORL. The SORL uses subspecific names where useful; eg where diagnosable populations appear to be approaching species status or are species whose subspecies might be elevated to full species (indicated by round brackets in scientific names); for now, we remain neutral on the precise status - species or subspecies - of such taxa. Future research may amend or contradict our presentation of the SORL; such changes will be incorporated in succeeding SORL versions. This checklist was devised and prepared by AbdulRahman al Sirhan, Steve Preddy and Mike Blair on behalf of OSME Council. Please address any queries to [email protected].
    [Show full text]