Common Raven (Kamtschaticus)
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Cougar-Squak Corridor Park Eastside Audubon Society Bird Survey
Cougar-Squak Corridor Park Eastside Audubon Society Bird Survey Date Range Oct 1, 2015 - Sep 30, 2016 Total Number of Species 57 Total Number of Locations Cougar-Sqauk Corridor Park, Issaquah, WA Checklists 15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Number of Species 11 11 -- 14 11 25 30 35 36 35 22 16 Number of Individuals 43 48 -- 200 72 221 210 189 372 241 113 63 Number of Checklists 1 1 -- 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Species Name High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count High Count Canada Goose -- -- -- 2 -- 2 1 -- -- -- -- -- Trumpeter/Tundra Swan -- -- -- -- -- 10 -- -- -- -- -- -- Mallard -- -- -- -- -- 4 -- 2 -- -- -- -- Great Blue Heron -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1 -- Osprey -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- Bald Eagle -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 1 -- -- -- Red-tailed Hawk -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 -- 1 -- -- -- Rock Pigeon -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- Band-tailed Pigeon -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 3 6 -- Northern Pygmy-Owl -- -- -- -- -- 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- Barred Owl -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 1 1 -- 1 -- Vaux's Swift -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 -- Anna's Hummingbird -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 1 1 -- Rufous Hummingbird -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- -- -- Belted Kingfisher -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- Red-breasted Sapsucker -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 1 1 -- -- -- Downy Woodpecker -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 2 1 -- 6 Hairy Woodpecker 1 2 -- -- -- -
Crows and Ravens Wildlife Notes
12. Crows & Ravens Crows and ravens belong to the large family Corvidae, along with more than 200 other species including jays, nutcrackers and magpies. These less-than-melodious birds, you may be surprised to learn, are classified as songbirds. raven American Crow insects, grain, fruit, the eggs and young of other birds, Crows are some of the most conspicuous and best known organic garbage and just about anything that they can find of all birds. They are intelligent, wary and adapt well to or overpower. Crows also feed on the carcasses of winter – human activity. As with most other wildlife species, crows and road-killed animals. are considered to have “good” points and “bad” ones— value judgements made strictly by humans. They are found Crows have extremely keen senses of sight and hearing. in all 50 states and parts of Canada and Mexico. They are wary and usually post sentries while they feed. Sentry birds watch for danger, ready to alert the feeding birds with a sharp alarm caw. Once aloft, crows fly at 25 Biology to 30 mph. If a strong tail wind is present, they can hit 60 Also known as the common crow, an adult American mph. These skillful fliers have a large repertoire of moves crow weighs about 20 ounces. Its body length is 15 to 18 designed to throw off airborne predators. inches and its wings span up to three feet. Both males Crows are relatively gregarious. Throughout most of the and females are black from their beaks to the tips of their year, they flock in groups ranging from family units to tails. -
Mount Dewey Trail Checklist
Wrangell - Mount Dewey Trail Species Checklist For more information, see https://ak.audubon.org/. Seasons: Spring: March–May Summer: June and July Fall: August–November Winter: December–February Frequency Classification: C = Common: Occurs in essentially all suitable habitats during appropriate seasons, with certain species at times abundant; species should be easy to find. F = Fairly common: Occurs in some or most suitable habitats during appropriate seasons, but less abundant and at times few in number; species often found. U = Uncommon: Occurs in relatively small numbers; species not observed regularly even in proper habitats. R = Rare: Either found in restricted habitat, or occurs most years in small numbers; species difficult to find. V = Very Rare: A species beyond its normal range that may occur intermittently and in very small numbers. + = Accidental: Only one or two historical records to date. Guild Species Sp Su Fa Wi Swans, Geese, Ducks ☐ Canada Goose* C F C F Grouse, Ptarmigan ☐ Sooty Grouse* C C C C Grouse, Ptarmigan ☐ Spruce Grouse* R R R R Herons, Bitterns ☐ Great Blue Heron* F F F U Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Bald Eagle* C C C C Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Northern Goshawk* U U U U Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Osprey* R R R – Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Red-tailed Hawk* U U U V Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Sharp-shinned Hawk* F U F R Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Steller's Sea-Eagle + + + + Falcons ☐ American Kestrel* U V U V Falcons ☐ Merlin* U R U R Alcids ☐ Marbled Murrelet* C C C C Alcids ☐ Rhinoceros Auklet* F F F V Pigeons, Doves ☐ Band-tailed Pigeon* -
Species Almanac • Nature Activities At
The deeriNature Almanac What is the i in deeriNature? Is it information, internet? How about identification. When you go out on the Deer Isle preserves, what species are you almost certain to encounter? Which ones might you wish to identify? Then how do you organize your experience so that learning about the nearly overwhelming richness of nature becomes wonderfully satisfying? A century ago every farmer, medicine woman, and indeed any educated man or woman felt that they should have a solid knowledge of the plants around them. The Fairbanks Museum in St. Johnsbury, Vermont has maintained a Flower Table with labeled specimens since 1905. The Deer Isle-Stonington Historical Society has an antique herbarium collection made by Ada Southworth, a Dunham’s point rusticator. Today there are lovely field guides galore but the equivalent of a local list can come to you now by digital download. Here is an almanac, a list of likely plant and animal species (and something about rocks too) for our Deer Isle preserves, arranged according to season and habitat. Enjoy this free e-Book on your desktop, tablet or smartphone. Take this e-book with you on the trails and consult the Point of Interest signs. If you have a smartphone and adequate coverage, at some preserves a QR code will tell you more at the Points of Interest. After each category on the lists you will find suggestions for books to consult or acquire. You will have to read the on line reviews for apps as that field is developing too rapidly for any other approach. -
(Sarracenia) Provide a 21St-Century Perspective on Infraspecific Ranks and Interspecific Hybrids: a Modest Proposal* for Appropriate Recognition and Usage
Systematic Botany (2014), 39(3) © Copyright 2014 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364414X681473 Date of publication 05/27/2014 Pitcher Plants (Sarracenia) Provide a 21st-Century Perspective on Infraspecific Ranks and Interspecific Hybrids: A Modest Proposal* for Appropriate Recognition and Usage Aaron M. Ellison,1,5 Charles C. Davis,2 Patrick J. Calie,3 and Robert F. C. Naczi4 1Harvard University, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, Massachusetts 01366, U. S. A. 2Harvard University Herbaria, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U. S. A. 3Eastern Kentucky University, Department of Biological Sciences, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, U. S. A. 4The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10458, U. S. A. 5Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Chuck Bell Abstract—The taxonomic use of infraspecific ranks (subspecies, variety, subvariety, form, and subform), and the formal recognition of interspecific hybrid taxa, is permitted by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. However, considerable confusion regarding the biological and systematic merits is caused by current practice in the use of infraspecific ranks, which obscures the meaningful variability on which natural selection operates, and by the formal recognition of those interspecific hybrids that lack the potential for inter-lineage gene flow. These issues also may have pragmatic and legal consequences, especially regarding the legal delimitation and management of threatened and endangered species. A detailed comparison of three contemporary floras highlights the degree to which infraspecific and interspecific variation are treated inconsistently. -
Mount Roberts Alpine Checklist
Juneau - Mount Roberts Alpine Species Checklist For more information, see https://ak.audubon.org/. Seasons: Spring: March–May Summer: June and July Fall: August–November Winter: December–February Frequency Classification: C = Common: Occurs in essentially all suitable habitats during appropriate seasons, with certain species at times abundant; species should be easy to find. F = Fairly common: Occurs in some or most suitable habitats during appropriate seasons, but less abundant and at times few in number; species often found. U = Uncommon: Occurs in relatively small numbers; species not observed regularly even in proper habitats. R = Rare: Either found in restricted habitat, or occurs most years in small numbers; species difficult to find. V = Very Rare: A species beyond its normal range that may occur intermittently and in very small numbers. + = Accidental: Only one or two historical records to date. Guild Species Sp Su Fa Wi Swans, Geese, Ducks ☐ Canada Goose* C F C F Grouse, Ptarmigan ☐ Rock Ptarmigan* C C C C Grouse, Ptarmigan ☐ Sooty Grouse* C C C C Grouse, Ptarmigan ☐ White-tailed Ptarmigan* U U U U Grouse, Ptarmigan ☐ Willow Ptarmigan* F F F F Grouse, Ptarmigan ☐ Spruce Grouse* R R R R Herons, Bitterns ☐ Great Blue Heron* F F F U Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Bald Eagle* C C C C Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Golden Eagle* R R R R Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Northern Harrier* U V U V Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Rough-legged Hawk R + R V Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Sharp-shinned Hawk* F U F R Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Steller's Sea-Eagle + + + + Hawks, Eagles, etc. ☐ Northern Goshawk* U U U U Hawks, Eagles, etc. -
Life History Variation Between High and Low Elevation Subspecies of Horned Larks Eremophila Spp
J. Avian Biol. 41: 273Á281, 2010 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04816.x # 2010 The Authors. J. Compilation # 2010 J. Avian Biol. Received 29 January 2009, accepted 10 August 2009 Life history variation between high and low elevation subspecies of horned larks Eremophila spp. Alaine F. Camfield, Scott F. Pearson and Kathy Martin A. F. Camfield ([email protected]) and K. Martin, Centr. for Appl. Conserv. Res., Fac. of Forestry, Univ. of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z4. AFC and KM also at: Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3. Á S. F. Pearson, Wildl. Sci. Div., Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildl., 1111 Washington St. SE, Olympia, WA, USA, 98501-1091. Environmental variation along elevational gradients can strongly influence life history strategies in vertebrates. We investigated variation in life history patterns between a horned lark subspecies nesting in high elevation alpine habitat Eremophila alpestris articola and a second subspecies in lower elevation grassland and sandy shoreline habitats E. a. strigata. Given the shorter breeding season and colder climate at the northern alpine site we expected E. a. articola to be larger, have lower fecundity and higher apparent survival than E. a. strigata. As predicted, E. a. articola was larger and the trend was toward higher apparent adult survival for E. a. articola than E. a. strigata (0.69 vs 0.51). Contrary to our predictions, however, there was a trend toward higher fecundity for E. a. articola (1.75 female fledglings/female/year vs 0.91). -
The Vocal Behavior of the American Crow, Corvus Brachyrhynchos
THE VOCAL BEHAVIOR OF THE AMERICAN CROW, CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Sciences in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robin Tarter, B.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Masters Examination Committee Approved by Dr. Douglas Nelson, Advisor Dr. Mitch Masters _________________________________ Dr. Jill Soha Advisor Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the vocal behavior of the American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and to thereby address questions about the evolutionary significance of crow behavior. I recorded the calls of 71 birds of known sex and age in a family context. Sorting calls by their acoustic characteristics and behavioral contexts, I identified and hypothesized functions for 7 adult and 2 juvenile call types, and in several cases found preferential use of a call type by birds of a particular sex or breeding status. My findings enrich our understanding of crow social behavior. I found that helpers and breeders played different roles in foraging and in protecting family territories from other crows and from predators. My findings may also be useful for human management of crow populations, particularly dispersal attempts using playbacks of crows’ own vocalizations. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Kevin McGowan of Cornell, Dr. Anne Clark of Binghamton University, and Binghamton graduate student Rebecca Heiss for allowing me to work with their study animals. McGowan, Clark and Heiss shared their data with me, along with huge amounts of information and insight about crow behavior. -
Ecology of the Great Blue Heron (Ardea Herodias) Rookery on the Slate River, Crested Butte, Colorado and Impacts of Human Activities 2018 Pilot Study
WESTERN COLORADO UNIVERSITY ____________________________________________________________________________ Ecology of the Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) rookery on the Slate River, Crested Butte, Colorado and impacts of human activities 2018 Pilot Study Final Report Produced for the Crested Butte Land Trust 3 January 2019 Patrick Magee! and Megan Zareba Natural and Environmental Sciences Department Western Colorado University Gunnison, CO 81231 1 | Page Slate River Wetlands Great Blue Heron Study “From its form and color, as well as size, it was singularly distinct…. They stood in the midst of the open river, on this shallow and reedy bar in the sun, the leisurely sentries, lazily pluming themselves, as if the day were too long for them. They gave a new character to the stream. Adjutant they were to my idea of the river, these two winged men…. How long we may have gazed on a particular scenery and think that we have seen and known it, when, at length, some bird or quadruped comes and takes possession of it before our eyes, and imparts to it a wholly new character. The heron uses these shallows as I cannot. I give them up to him.” Henry David Thoreau 1859 Photo by Carley Clegg 2 | Page Slate River Wetlands Great Blue Heron Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) has flapped its immense wings and cast its shadow over North America’s wetlands for nearly two million years. The large heron spends much of its life as a solitary hunter, but in spring these birds join gregarious breeding colonies and nest in the crowns of trees. -
Terrapene Carolina (Linnaeus 1758) – Eastern Box Turtle, Common Box Turtle
Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project ofEmydidae the IUCN/SSC — TortoiseTerrapene and Freshwatercarolina Turtle Specialist Group 085.1 A.G.J. Rhodin, P.C.H. Pritchard, P.P. van Dijk, R.A. Saumure, K.A. Buhlmann, J.B. Iverson, and R.A. Mittermeier, Eds. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.085.carolina.v1.2015 © 2015 by Chelonian Research Foundation • Published 26 January 2015 Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus 1758) – Eastern Box Turtle, Common Box Turtle A. ROSS KIESTER1 AND LISABETH L. WILLEY2 1Turtle Conservancy, 49 Bleecker St., Suite 601, New York, New York 10012 USA [[email protected]]; 2Department of Environmental Studies, Antioch University New England, 40 Avon St., Keene, New Hampshire 03431 USA [[email protected]] SUMMARY. – The Eastern Box Turtle, Terrapene carolina (Family Emydidae), as currently understood, contains six living subspecies of small turtles (carapace lengths to ca. 115–235 mm) able to close their hinged plastrons into a tightly closed box. Although the nominate subspecies is among the most widely distributed and well-known of the world’s turtles, the two Mexican subspecies are poorly known. This primarily terrestrial, though occasionally semi-terrestrial, species ranges throughout the eastern and southern United States and disjunctly in Mexico. It was generally recognized as common in the USA throughout the 20th century, but is now threatened by continuing habitat conversion, road mortality, and collection for the pet trade, and notable population declines have been documented throughout its range. In the United States, this turtle is a paradigm example of the conservation threats that beset and impact a historically common North American species. -
Derogation Reporting for 2007
Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 COMPOSITE EUROPEAN COMMISSION REPORT ON DEROGATIONS IN 2007 ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 9 OF DIRECTIVE 79/409/EEC ON THE CONSERVATION OF WILD BIRDS DECEMBER 2009 1 Report on derogations in 2007, Birds Directive 79/409/EEC Article 9 CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................... 3 1 Methodology................................................................................................. 4 2 Overview of derogations across the EU........................................................ 7 3 Member State reports.................................................................................. 12 3.1 Austria................................................................................................. 12 3.2 Belgium............................................................................................... 14 3.3 Bulgaria............................................................................................... 15 3.4 Cyprus................................................................................................. 16 3.5 Czech Republic................................................................................... 17 3.6 Denmark.............................................................................................. 18 3.7 Estonia................................................................................................. 19 3.8 Finland ............................................................................................... -
Phylum Arthropoda*
Zootaxa 3703 (1): 017–026 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBDB78E3-21AB-46E6-BD4F-A4ADBB940DCC Phylum Arthropoda* ZHI-QIANG ZHANG New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand; [email protected] * In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703, 1–82. Abstract The Arthropoda is here estimated to have 1,302,809 described species, including 45,769 fossil species (the diversity of fossil taxa is here underestimated for many taxa of the Arthropoda). The Insecta (1,070,781 species) is the most successful group, and it alone accounts for over 80% of all arthropods. The most successful insect order, Coleoptera (392,415 species), represents over one-third of all species in 39 insect orders. Another major group in Arthropoda is the class Arachnida (114,275 species), which is dominated by the Acari (55,214 mite and tick species) and Araneae (44,863 spider species). Other diverse arthropod groups include Crustacea (73,141 species), Trilobitomorpha (20,906 species) and Myriapoda (12,010 species). Key words: Classification, diversity, Arthropoda Introduction The Arthropoda, with over 1.5 million described species, is the largest animal phylum, and it alone accounts for about 80% of the total number of species in the animal kingdom (Zhang 2011a). In the last volume on animal higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness, 28 chapters by numerous teams of specialists were published on various taxa of the Arthropoda, but there were many gaps to be filled (Zhang 2011b).