CAVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER MARCH 2003 VOLUME 31, NO. 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2

CRF NEWSLEITER A Great Big Thank You! Volume 31, No.2 For the last three years, Paul Nelson, CRF established 1973 California, has been an editor for the CRF Send all material for submission to: Newsletter. For the first two years, he did the job Lois Lyles, Content Editor single-handedly: all the solicitation of articles, 1170 I LaCueva Ln. NE editing, formatting, and production of the newsletter. Albuquerque, NM 87123 505-296-5818 At the 2001 Board Meeting, the directors elected me (Winkler) as the Publications Manager overseeing The CRF Newsletter is a quarterly publication of the the Newsletter and the Annual Report. After that, we Cave Research Foundation, a non-profit organization brought Lois Lyles, CRF Guadalupe, on board to incorporated in 1957 under the laws of Kentucky for the handle the general editing. purpose of furthering research, conservation, and Of late, Paul's many commitments have been education about caves and karst. pressing, so, he is stepping down as editor. Paul is a Newsletter Submissions & Deadlines: Original articles and photographs are welcome. If significant contributor to CRF survey, exploration intending to jointly submit material to another publication, and photography. We have enjoyed the photos and please inform the CRF editor. Publication cannot be trip reports he has contributed to the newsletter and guaranteed, especially if submitted elsewhere. All material hope he will continue to share his adventures with us. is subject to revision unless the author specifically requests You will note changes in the newsletter. We are otherwise. To assure timely publication, please adhere to returning to the old format- a simple version without these deadlines: color. Ralph Earlandson, Eastern Operations, has March issue by January 1 agreed to take on this task. This change will have the June issue by April 1 benefit of costing a great deal less for the newsletter, September issue by July 1 which will reduce the burden that each operations December issue by October 1 area pays for its members. (*Remember when your Before submitting material, please see publication operations manager collects a fee, it covers the cost guidelines at: www.cave-research.org of the newsletter and the liability insurance that CRF NEWSLETTER STAFF: carries on every member. This is not medical insur­ Solicitation of Materials: Elizabeth Winkler ance; it covers you if someone on your party gets hurt Layout: Ralph Earlandson (beginning next issue!) and decides to sue you!). Mailing: Bob Hoke So, again, thank you Paul for all your work! ©2003 Cave Research Foundation Elizabeth Winkler Cave Research Foundation A NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Board of Directors Kudos and Apologies Rick Toomey - President I received a note from Stan Sides, with the follow­ Phil DiBlasi- Personnel Officer ing question: "Why was my name deleted on the Chuck Pease - International Exploration Chair Adwell Obituary, and, Gordon Smith's from Parker Peter Bosted Mick Sutton Joel Despain Ritter's obituary, but Bridgeman's left on Tufts?" Pat Kambesis Richard Maxey First, my apologies for this omission of Officers authorship. I often receive articles via email that have Roger Smith-Treasurer Elizabeth Winkler-Secretary the author's name at the bottom of the article, or I Operations Council have only the "from" segment of the email to Barbe Barker (Guadalupes) Scott House (Ozarks) determine who submitted it. While everyone who Janet Sowers (Lava Beds) Dave West (Eastern) works on the newsletter tries to catch omissions like John Tinsley (Sequioa/Kings Canyon) these, they sometimes slip through. For information about the CRF contact: In the future, I urge all contributors to the Rickard Toomey, III CRF President newsletter to make sure their article lists them as Kartchner Caverns State Park 520-586-4138 author directly below the title. This will help us PO Box 1849 fax 520-586-4113 ensure that proper credit is given. Benson, AZ 85602 The quality and quantity of submissions to the CRF newsletter has been substantial and excellent! COVER PHOTO: The articles are very well written and require only Rick Toomey looking at Cow Falls in Pohl light editing. Thanks to everyone who has written for A venue, Unknown Cave section of Mammoth the newsletter! Cave. Cover photo by Rick Olson. Good caving, Lois 68th Annual Meeting of the Cave Research Foundation By Elizabeth Winkler, CRF Secretary

On November 8, 2002, the CRF Board of In Ft. Stanton cave there has been a recent big Directors convened the 68th annual meeting of the breakthrough that has caused a stop in survey and Cave Research Foundation at the national head­ exploration in that area until the park and CRF quarters at Hamilton Valley, Cave City Kentucky. A negotiate how research will be carried out. The floor reception was held after the meeting for all CRF of this area is gypsum and the walls and ceiling are members and local agency guests. mud. How do you work there without impacting the On the 9th, members participated in the Hamilton cave negatively? CRF and the park are in the process Valley Land Management Symposium hosted by Sue of writing the proposal to specify how this will be Hagan and Mick Sutton (see accompanying article). done. CRF assisted in constructing a gate to protect In addition to the symposium, members from all the this area (the cave is open to the public via permit). operations areas participated in survey, science, and The Sequoia Kings Canyon Area project photography trips in Mammoth Cave as part of the accomplishments were presented by Peter Basted and Eastern Operation project. After the conference and Joel Despain. There are two main project areas in the cave trips, a splendid banquet was held, catered Sequoia: Redwood Canyon and Lilburn Cave. Both by CRF's own master chef Alan Welhausen. of these projects are located in exquisite forested On the morning of the I Oth, a general members' areas. Lilburn Cave requires a five-mile backpack meeting was held. First, the Operation Area managers hike to the field house through the largest redwood gave short reports on the activities and forest left. The park service let CRF rebuild a cabin at accomplishments of their areas: the site for expeditions. This year, they fielded 50 Dave West, Eastern Operations (EO) detailed the trips into Lilburn. A number of trips, led by Joel ongoing Mammoth Cave projects that mostly support France, were dedicated to restoration projects. John cartography, but also digital photography, Tinsley also conducted a sediment study in Lilburn. paleontology, and the lesser caves inventory for 45 cartography parties worked in Lilburn cave. Mammoth Cave National Park. EO is additionally Lots of virgin passage was identified and mapped. assisting MCNP with sediment surveys, enhancing They made a major discovery of over 5500 feet of their public displays and educational materials, canyons that they named "Happy Canyon". It's a among other projects. EO is also working outside the long linear mazy cave in general with lots of small park with projects in conjunction with Stan Sides and survey shots. The 2003 CRF Annual Meeting will be Gary Berdeaux at Diamond Caverns and the ACCA hosted by the Sequoia Kings Canyon Area over at Hidden River Cave. Veteran's Day Weekend in 2003. Scott House described the activities in the Ozarks CRF Board member Joel Despain talked about the Operations Area, in particular, the Buffalo National events at the Mineral King project that is run by River and Fitton Cave. Mick Sutton is also working Roger Mortimer. Mineral King is located in a large in the Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri doing alpine valley, up in the mountains. The caves are biological inventory and cave survey. They plan to do formed in marble rather than limestone. White Chief a bat census of the endangered Indiana Bat in the Cave project passed a mile of survey this year. This is caves there. In the state parks they are continuing the a really real cold cave, about freezing which floods survey of Fisher Cave and Devil's Icebox Cave. They quite a bit, so there is limited formation development. are also involved in the training of park personnel. But the passages are fairly roomy and are composed Barbe Barker reported on Southwest operations. of white polished marble bedrock walls. There are They have been actively involved in restoration some special challenges to this area as well - in the projects in Guadalupes, in particular, Carlsbad, winter, expedition participants arrive on skis! Guadalupe Escarpment and Ft. Stanton. The In addition to survey, other activities are ongoing restoration work is quite time intensive. For example, as well. For example, Carol Vessey is working with it took 3 years of continual work to restore the the national park to develop an inventory protocol for Guadalupe Room that had been severely impacted by caves. Joel Despain, who is a long distance graduate tourists from earlier less protection-oriented times. In student of Chris Groves at Western Kentucky addition, scientific and geological (mineral) University, is doing his research in the Mineral King inventory are ongoing projects. Park and CRF area. He is looking at the water chemistry coming out personnel were trained for this by Harvey Duchene. ofkarst springs that have a high oxygen content. It is speculated that caves may be able to offset the rising carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 4

Because Janet Sowers was unable to attend, Rick group that Don was instrumental in getting started. Toomey elaborated on the projects at Lava Beds Contact Don Coons if you are interested in joining in. Operations Area. CRF people there have been The meeting finished with a report from Cave working with the National Park Service to build a Books, now completing 20 years of Operations. Last research station at Lava Beds. CRF donations include year Cave Books sold $44,000 dollars worth of books significant quantities of money and in kind donations last year. A great deal of the profits from Cave Books of the architectural designs. They will be starting have generously supported the operations of CRF very soon on the construction of the building. John including contributions to the CRF national Tinsley will be managing the construction. They are endowment for science, the production and printing also constructing the visitor's center as weii at Lava of the annual report, among many other projects. Beds - the hope is to combine the two construction We also bid goodbye and gave thanks to outgoing projects to speed things up. national treasurer Paul Cannaley. He is being In addition to this major building project, they succeeded by Roger Smith. Roger announced a new fielded 31 expeditions - I 0 I person trips - up from 78 way to donate to the individual CRF Operations areas the year before. In addition to survey, they have an and to the other funds like the Mike Yocum and ice level monitoring project. They have been making Doris and Burnell Ehman Memorial Funds. If you are GPS installations and marking all the cave locations. interested in contributing to CRF please contact him They have been performing a general inventory of at and for more the park caves and searching for new caves as well. information about CRF tax deductible contributions. Currently, they are working on a memorandum of For Sunday afternoon, CRF members Roger agreement with the Modoc National Forest to do cave McClure, Stan Sides, and Gordon Smith provided surveying and monitoring there as well. free passes to the members to visit Diamond Caverns, Next Pat Kambesis talked about the Hawaii and Pat Kambesis arranged for a trip to Hidden River project run by Don Coons and Pat Kambesis. Cave and the ACCA Museum. Although Hawaii is not an official operations area, Special thanks should be given to Pat Kambesis we have an informal agreement with the Hawaii (Hamilton Valley Director) and Dave West (Eastern Speleological society to let CRF cavers participate in Operations Manager) for hosting and organizing this its surveys. The Hawaii Cave Conservancy is a new interesting and fun 3-day event. We hope more members can join us next year in California!

CRF Board of Directors and Operation's Managers Rack Row: Pete Lindsley, Scott House, Paul Cannaley, Rick Toomey, Dick Maxey, Dave West, Phil DiBlasi Front Row: Peter Bosted, Barbe Barker, Pat Kambesis, Elizabeth Winkler, Mick Sutton, Joel Despain 5

2002 CRF National Service A wards

The following CRF members were awarded the Photographic excellence in restoration: honor of CRF Fellow for long term, ongoing, and William Payne meritorious service to the organization: John Feil, Damian Grindley, Dale Pate, Bob Parrish, Paul Extraordinary effort in support of the preservation of Steward, and Janice Tucker. In the June newsletter, caves in the Fort Stanton Special Management Area: we will feature an article elaborating their Bureau of Land Management: contributions. Tim Kreager, Paul Happel, Mike Bilbo, Bill Murray, Frank J. Everitt, and Stephen Carter The following members are being honored with Certificates of Merit for their contributions: Fort Stanton Project: Gate building of Feather Cave and Ft. Stanton: Service to the CRF National Organization: Jim Cox, Ed Peyton, Cal Currier, Rick Reynolds, and Providing a home and support for the CRF Website: Doug Woods Bill Putnam Retiring National Treasurer: Paul Cannaley Service to the Eastern Operations Area: Committment to Cave Books operations: Mammoth Cave National Park - Agency Support: Roger McClure and Dave Hanson Mark Depoy Committment to the CRF Newsletter: Eastern Operation Safety Officer: Lois Lyles, Paul Nelson, and Bob Hoke Charles Fox Historic database of trip reports: Service to the Carlsbad Operations Area: Brian Andrich and Carter Hayward Leadership, database and personnel management: Hamilton Valley land management: Sherry McClure Rick Nelson Excellence in survey and team leadership: Greg McCarty Service to the Lilburn Operations Area: Excellence in restoration techniques: General operations support: Kelli Bergthold and Sara Bergthold Janet Hubner

Hamilton Valley Land Management Symposium By Sue Hagan & Mick Sutton

In conjunction with CRF's Annual Meeting, on Hamilton Valley, used a thorough slide show to November 9, 2002, an all-day symposium was held summarize events leading to the purchase of on the topic of Hamilton Valley Land Management. Hamilton Valley and what's been done there since. Sue Hagan opened the proceedings with an introduc­ His talk covered the various agricultural and leasing tory talk ("Research is our Middle Name"), then arrangements that have brought in money, the introduced the first speaker, Gene Hargrove. Gene, a volunteer labor that built buildings and cleaned up professor of environmental ethics and founder of the trash, and the ongoing maintenance projects. Journal of Environmental Ethics, was a CRF member Following was Stan Sides, former CRF President in the 1960s. He has not been involved with CRF and now a neighboring landowner, who gave a well­ activities since, but connections still exist, e.g., Gene researched history on land-management politics in had dedicated his 1989 book to Red Watson and the Mammoth Cave area and a synopsis of Hamilton gives Red mention in his most recent writing. It's also Valley property owners and neighbors. An especially Gene's doing that Turner Avenue (aka Benington pertinent piece of information was that all of Grotto) has become a kind of paradigm within the Hamilton Valley falls within the first proposed environmental ethics community for voluntary re­ boundaries for Mammoth Cave National Park-and straint in the visitation of fragile areas. Gene's touch­ of course CRF's property is well within the boun­ stone presentation was an abstract treatise drawing to daries of the International Biosphere Reserve. the conclusion that arguing for conservation by Cave exploration and cave management policies principles of environmental esthetics is probably was a recurrent theme. Current CRF President more effective than using economic arguments. Rick Toomey discussed paleontology, and the From the abstract to the concrete, Roger ramifications of surface disturbance and cave McClure, current Land Management Director at exploration on paleontology (watch 6

Stan Sides discusses Hamilton Valley history. (photo by Mick Sutton) out not only for mastodon tusks, but the small stuff as field that went in without the benefit of an archeo­ well). Rick opined that persons digging entrances logical survey and similar lost research opportunities could be trained to watch for artifacts. Kurt Helf (a during cleanup projects. But Jan and Phil's point was former Tom Poulson student, now an ecologist at not to belabor lost opportunities, some of which were MCNP) discussed entrance-area ecosystems and the probably inevitable, but to suggest that we don't lose effect of altered airflow on them. If entrances are to future opportunities. be protected from human-made disruptions to the Dick Maxey described his ambitions for trying a natural ecology, it is essential that "before" and re-introduction of the federally-listed American "during" documentation be conducted during the burying beetle on the Hamilton Valley property. This disruptions. Rick Olson and Tom Poulson kindly would seem to blend well with notions of prairie presented Kathy Lavoie and Diana Northup's co­ restoration. Dick also wowed the crowd with his authored paper on cave microbiology. The bottom sample collection of miscellaneous insects that call line is that simple steps can be taken to minimize the Hamilton Valley home. impact of exploration on previously unentered Rick Olson discussed various aspects of NPS passages, and data on the native microflora can be surface management, particularly their use of obtained easily through following some research controlled bums. Rick also presented an overview of protocols during initial entry. Pat Kambesis and the greater Mammoth Cave biosphere region's history Chris Groves outlined the significance of Hamilton which suggests that burning was used by the Valley with regard to the Mammoth Cave system, indigenous inhabitants prior to the arrival of and the potential for cave exploration (e.g., the European settlers in he late 1700s. Having once, as a sinkholes in the bottom of the valley are not private land owner, experienced a semi-controlled necessarily the best places to be looking for a bum, Rick urged caution in the use of fire and noted breakthrough). Chris strongly supported the theme of that some objectives can be achieved more simply by careful assessment before commencing disturbance appropriate mowing protocols. of geological features, asking the tantalizing The fire-management theme was taken up again by question, "Why haven't we done this before?" Tom Poulson, who is of a mind that, ultimately, fire Jan Marie Hemberger (in a talk co-written by will be essential to achieve prairie, should that be a Phil DiBlasi) gave a succinct and cogent argument desired end (e.g., mowing tends to promote grasses for opening up the land management discussion to a over forbs), or simply to promote biodiversity. Tom range of input from a variety of disciplines. While an entertained the crowd with a demonstration of the archeological survey was conducted on the site of the (hypothetical) sex-linked PYRO gene, and tried to Research Center before construction commenced, get people to eat rabbit droppings. All of this was a mistakes have been made. Examples include a drain- practical demonstration that current land- 7 management practices are having an effect, e.g., the Land management styles briefly discussed timing and extent of mowing can have an effect on included aiming for a pre-settlement type landscape the diversity of both plants and wildlife. (with much room for debate on the nature of such a Ending the symposium as it began, on a landscape), natural (or unmanaged), and management philosophical note, Red Watson gave some wide­ for maximizing biodiversity. ranging comments on fund raising, and future Significance: This was the first symposium to be organizational goals. held at CRF's Hamilton Valley headquarters. It was Discussion: Although the symposium had been fitting that the presenters for this inaugural event billed as an opportunity to exchange ideas on land were drawn from CRF's own prestigious ranks of management, regrettably time simply did not allow scientists, researchers, and cavers. more than the briefest interaction. However, ties were Participant papers are being prepared and will be made as presenters referenced one another's talks. made available on CRF's website, perhaps eventually One repeated point was the desirability of also in printed format. Both the Hamilton Valley interdisciplinary communication. Phil DiBlasi Director (Pat Kambesis) and the CRF President (Rick underscored this by reference to Stan Side's talk. In Toomey) have announced their intention to use the it, Stan mentioned that the house in the bottom of the symposium as a basis for developing and implemen­ valley was moved to its present location when ting a Hamilton Valley Land Management Policy. Mammoth Cave National Park was created. Without Two Hamilton Valley research projects have now this information, future archeologists could be been given official designation and approval. A field­ scratching their heads if a cultural-remains survey trip follow-up to the symposium (see announcement around the house turned up no pre-1930s artifacts. elsewhere in the Newsletter) is planned for May 17. Exchanging information amongst disciplines goes Thanks: Roger McClure (and financial contri­ hand in hand with collecting information. butions from Cave Books) has. greatly enhanced the There seemed to be a broad consensus for Hamilton Valley Research Center' s usability for developing a protocol for virgin cave exploration. conferences, including providing a suitable projection This would inevitably slow down exploration screen and window blocking. Chris Groves arranged activity, but that loss might be offset by an increase for audio/visual equipment. Paul Steward handled in research and conservation activities. Barbe Barker book sales. Kay Sides and Pat Kambesis handled all gave a western perspective on this-the Southwest luncheon matters, and provided enormous support Area cavers recently achieved a breakthrough into otherwise to Sue Hagan and Michael Sutton, unentered passage in BLM-managed Fort Stanton principal organizers. Finally, special thanks to all Cave, and promptly gated it closed until an those who attended and by their presence gave exploration protocol could be agreed upon. recognition of the importance of the event-you made it all worthwhile.

Tom Poulson and Gene Hargrove share ecological philosophies at the evening social. (photo by Mick Sutton) 8

Hamilton Valley Field Trip-May 17 By Sue Hagan and Mick Sutton

In a follow-up to November's Land Management Symposium [see related article], Dr. Tom Poulson and Mick Sutton are returning to Hamilton Valley to conduct a surface field trip on the property. This will be an opportunity to spend time with one of the world's most renowned cave biologists in hands-on learning about the property's fauna and potentials pertinent to karst landscape management. In addition, Randy Seymour (author of Wildflowers of the Mammoth Cave Region) is planning to participate in the field trip and later present a talk/slide show. All the presenters from the fall symposium have been invited as well, so opportunities will be abundant to further the exchange of ideas on how Hamilton Valley might be managed, both above and below the surface. Besides offering an exciting opportunity to interact with experts, it is hoped that the field trip will be a springboard for forming cadres of volunteers interested in inventorying the property. Be it birds, beetles, bones, bluebells or bobcats, there is much yet to be learned about Hamilton Valley's many resources. CRF's property lies within an International Biosphere Reserve and was once considered for inclusion within the boundaries of Mammoth Cave National Park. Passages of the world's largest cave run under CRFs property. Although the main emphasis will be on the surface ecology of Hamilton Valley, a biology field trip into Adwell Cave is in the works. This is part of a year-long seasonal inventory of the cave under the direction of Michael Sutton. Participants will be guided in the use of the CRF Field Guide to Cave Fauna in the Mammoth Cave Region. The field trip is free (donations to the Building Fund will certainly be accepted), and bunkhouse lodging will be available for $8 on a first-call basis. Pre-registration is not required but for planning purposes it is strongly encouraged-(537) 546-2864 or A Change at the Top of Cave Books by Paul Steward

Richard "Red" Watson-the caving community's Charles Hanion. This book has become extremely most notorious editor, author, caver, and successful and is going into its second printing. philosopher- is retiring as editor of CAVE BOOKS, Another book by Colleen, entitled Prehistoric Cavers the publication affiliate of CRF. In 1981, Red and of Mammoth Cave, will be completed next year. Also several other cavers combined their money, know­ in progress are Arthur Palmer and Kathleen Lavoie's ledge, and their love of books to form CAVE Introduction to Speleology, and a beautiful book on BOOKS, a non-profit press devoted to the publishing the caves of King's Canyon in Sequoia National Park. of cave and karst-related material. We have just reprinted the all-time classic, Ten Years Their first book was The Grand Kentucky Under the Earth by Norbert Casteret, complete with a Junction, a companion to The Longest Cave. Twenty­ new cover. Several other authors have manuscripts in two years later, and with twenty-seven books, the works that we hope to see through to publication. historical reprints, research monographs, cave maps, CAVE BOOKS is always looking to publish exciting and numerous CRF Annual Reports in print, CAVE books of science, exploration, and adventure in the BOOKS is going strong and is the largest publisher world of caves. Do you have an idea for a book or of cave and karst books in the world. questions about publishing and writing? Give us a Although Red will be dearly missed, fear not, for call-we're here to help. Hey, you can't live forever. CAVE BOOKS has formed a team of editors: Jan Take the time to write that book ... future generations Hemberger, Paul Steward, and Elizabeth Winkler, of cavers will thank you again and again. ready to tackle any manuscript that comes their way. Three people to replace one, you say? Well, this is Send submissions to: CAVE BOOKS Red Watson we're talking about. c/o Paul Steward Phone: 609-530-9743 In 2002, CAVE BOOKS published Scary Stories 277 Clamer Road of Mammoth Cave by Colleen O'Connor Olson and Trenton, NJ 08628

National Speleological Society Restoration Camp Mammoth Cave National Park, November 2-3, 2002 By Shari and Preston Forsythe

This was another weekend of cavers helping wood out of the cave from the Echo River restore Mammoth Cave. The end result was the group boardwalks installed in the 1930's by the CCC. The hauled approximately 7 1/2 tons of creosote-soaked wood removal was done by 44 cavers from 8 states, 9 some from as far away as Wisconsin. The cavers Historic Entrance. They pushed wheelbarrows with represented 8 grottos of the NSS, as well as the CRF, 80-pound loads of concrete a mile and a half along plus. a few independent cavers. the main tourist trail, uphill and downhill, all the way There were three areas of work on Saturday out to Chief City. This was for a future Park Service morning. Shari and I joined a crew led by Montana trail repair project. Spencer, a veteran of 17 Mammoth restoration A third crew on Saturday morning was led by Roy camps. We worked at the Vanderbilt Hall "chop Vanhoozer. This group went in through the shop." Here the wood was cut up with an electric Carmichael Entrance, past the Snowball Dining chain saw. A supply of boards and long posts, some Room to Silliman Avenue. From there they carried weighing up to 120 pounds each, had been staged approximately 200 bags of wood and cable to Marion here during the summer week long camp. These A venue-a long haul. - heavy 5 X 5 posts had to be carried one at a time on On Sunday morning we finished carrying the last two people's shoulders at least 2,000 feet from the of the bags from the top of the dome to the entrance end of the boardwalk demolition site beside Echo steps. One more bucket brigade up the steps to the River. Along the way there are two sets of steep park service dump truck, and we were done. steps. It is a real work out! During the summer camp Everyone was glad to see that a large number of we also had a chop shop at Lake Leche Rise, the first people had stayed to help on Sunday morning. There staging area. Battery pack Sawz-all were used there, were enough cavers so that we were not spread out but the batteries did not last long on the posts. too thin on the steps. Everyone got in there and made Therefore, most of the posts had to be carried on to short work ofthatjob. We were done by 10:30 a.m. Vanderbilt Hall where there was sufficient electricity In the afternoon some people stayed at the cave for a for electric chain saws to cut the heavy timbers. bonus Frozen Niagara tour. The first thing we did at the chop shop this During the week long summer camp several November was to scrape the mud from the wood to educational trips were offered. My favorite was a expose the nails. Any protruding nails were Wednesday evening tourofGothic Avenue. Chuck hammered down and the wood was cut. Shari and Swedlund, a CRF researcher, led us under 4,600 others put thin plastic bags into heavy duty feed sacks names he has documented. Chuck gave us a tour that while another crew loaded them with approximately could be summed up with "it doesn't get any better 25 pounds of wood. Sometimes that would only be than this." Other recent reward trips have been to one chunk of 5 X 5! While we were doing this, other Great Oynx Cave, Turner A venue, and Roppel Cave. cavers hauled 1 to 3 bags at a time the 900 feet or so This Echo River creosote wood removal work has along Sparks A venue to the base of Mammoth Dome been going on for several years. There is an estimated and made a huge stack there beside the concrete one-year of work remaining for this project. During steps. By 2:30p.m. Saturday we had 600 sacks at the past years' restoration volunteers have worked in dome. We formed a human chain and passed the bags many areas of the cave, and even outside of the cave. up the 192 foot high dome. This took about 1 1/2 There was a project to clean the Snowball Dining hours, with only one break for a tour to pass. It was Room ceiling, and to move rocks blocking the getting late but many continued to haul the loads out resurgence at Echo River Springs. If the volunteer from the top of the dome, through Little Bat A venue, hours for all 13 years were totaled, and an entry-level along Audubon Avenue, past the Rotunda, and on out wage placed on that time, the dollar value of the labor the door of the Historic Entrance. We had six donated would be significant. This is partly wheelbarrows to utilize on this section, but it sure compensated by the park service paying for mileage was a hard job to push those loaded wheelbarrows. It and food for the weeklong camps, and mileage on was a gradual incline from the top of the dome all the some of the weekend camps. way to the entrance. Those people who helped push Overall, the restoration work at Mammoth Cave is those wheelbarrows have our gratitude. We made a a rather satisfying grunt-work type of job. At the end large pile of bags at the base ofthe Historic Entrance of the day you can see what has been accomplished: a steps. It was close to 6 p.m. when we quit for the day. dump truck full of debris that is no longer in the cave. This whole effort was supported by Boy Scout What else does this mean? It means that Echo River Troop 605 from Rising Sun, Indiana. This Troop is cleaner. Rick Olson told the group that cave comes down twice a year to help at Restoration biologists have recently started finding baby shrimp Camp. How would you like to have Mammoth Cave and white crayfish with eggs under their tails (a very Volunteer on your resume? rare observation). The project is really helping the There were other work projects scheduled for cave~ This sense of accomplishment brings people Saturday. In the morning the Camp Leader, Kevin back year after year. Betz, led a small group of cavers in through the 10

We stay at the Maple Springs Station, which many wheelbarrow), Charles Fox, Richard and Kathy at CRF are familiar with. There is a bunkhouse and a Nelson, and Shari and Preston Forsythe. We hope regular house that together can sleep 40 cavers as you have enjoyed this rather detailed description of a well as plenty of tent space. The station has a fine typical Mammoth Cave Restoration Camp Weekend. kitchen, meeting room, and hot showers. During the Please join us. The project director is Norm Rogers August 2002 week camp, two volunteers did all the and one of his chief assistants is Larry Matiz. cooking and clean up. The meals were delicious. The Spring 2003 weekend camps will be in March During the weekend camp you are "on your own" for and May. There will be a week-long summer camp. food. Check the web sites. CRF members participate regularly in the restor­ http://oldsci.eiu.edu/physicsllen/mammoth/mcrpO.html ation camps: Rick Olson and Colleen O'Conner, and (Rick is the park representative), Rick and Dan http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Restoration_Camp/ Williams, (Dan goes double time with a loaded

A Brief Overview of Coleopteran Fauna at Hamilton Valley By Richard Maxey

Being an entomologist, Hamilton Valley provides records. Hamilton Valley, with its varied habitat, me with an opportunity to do long-term research into certainly could provide favorable niches for the the present day insect fauna on the two hundred acre beetle. My trapping has confirmed very high property, in Hart County, Kentucky, that the Cave populations of the congeneric species Nicrophorus Research Foundation owns. I have set pitfall traps orbicollis Say and smaller numbers of Nicrophorus baited with various items including pig dung, human tomentosus Weber, Nicrophorus sayi Laporte and dung, a combination of pig/human dung, "aged" raw Nicrophorus marginatus Fabricius. This would chicken wings, "aged" dead mice and a combination indicate that possible reintroduction of the N. of the chicken and mice. These traps consisted of a americanus is feasible. Experimental trials (per one-quart plastic container buried in the ground with communication with George Keeney at the OSU a suspended cup of one of the previously mentioned Insectary) have shown that when both aN. "cocktails'. They were covered with a six by six-inch americanus Olivier beetle and N. orbicollis Say Masonite board as a rain shield and then protected beetles were placed on a carcass, theN. americanus from four-legged predators with eighteen by successfully defended the carcass. Based on that, it is eighteen-inch chicken wire secured with four assumed that the larger N. americanus would do so in aluminum gutter spikes. When traps were left for an a natural setting as well. Therefore, interspecific extended period of time, antifreeze was added to competition is not a factor and the high numbers of preserve the captures. Quinine and hot pepper sauce the congeneric species N. orbicollis indicate a was added to the antifreeze to prevent any animal that favorable habitat for burying beetles and other breached the chicken wire from being poisoned by carrion beetles. the preservative. Animals will not eat items The other carrion beetle species present at containing quinine and/or hot pepper sauce. The Hamilton Valley such as Oiceoptoma noveboracense extended trapping was not done until I had Forster, 0. inaeguale Fabricius, Necrophilis established that the Federally endangered American americana Fabricius and Necrodes surinamensis burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus Olivier) was Fabricius were taken in large numbers in pitfall traps not present at this time. . as well as coming to lights at night. A few It is a long-term goal to attempt to reintroduce the N.orbicollis were taken at night at black lights as well American burying beetle to Hamilton Valley if the U. at the building lights. S. Fish and Wildlife Service agrees to the idea. The The speculation as to the demise of N. american us Service does not currently have a reintroduced includes the increase in artificial lighting (which population of American burying beetles in the disrupts navigation), increase in edges and fence southern region. The Ohio State University, by which rows due to rise in agriculture (which leads to the I am employed, has a captive breeding program increase of scavengers such as raccoons, skunks, etc. ongoing that could possibly be the source for that compete for carrion), and the increase in introduction. It is not possible to determine from old urbanization and habitat fragmentation. Other records if theN. americanus was ever found in Hart possible factors are the past deforestation, leading to County, Kentucky. It never was collected in large the extirpation or decline of various birds and rodents numbers, which may account for the current lack of including the passenger pigeon (Ecotopistes migratorius) the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Coleoptera: sap beetles, ladybird beetles, flat bark and the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). which beetles, handsome fungus beetles, blister beetles, provided food sources as carrion. An additional pleasing fungus beetles, June beetles, chafers, problem was the use of pesticides. DDT in particular, rhinoceros beetles, hercules beetles, flower beetles, in the 1960s, may have led to the beetles decline and shining leaf chafers, dung beetles, long-homed would correspond well as to when the last N. beetles, snout beetles, leaf beetles, tiger beetles, americanus was collected in Kentucky and in Ohio ground beetles, hister beetles, carrion beetles, shining (1974). fungus beetles, rove beetles, soldier beetles, Thanks to the rebounding of the wild turkey and lightningbugs, net-winged beetles, dermestid beetles, ruffed grouse in both Ohio and Kentucky, the bark-gnawing beetles, checkered beetles, click banning of DDT, and the increase in forested lands in beetles, metalic wood-boring beetles, darkling both states, the chances are good for reestablishing beetles, stag beetles and bessbugs; Lepidoptera: viable populations of theN. american us in both butterflies and moths-many that I need help in states. In Ohio, we have introduced N. americanus for identification, as there are very large numbers of the last three years and have found at least one Fl · moth species at Hamilton Valley and a number of generation. Their ranges of up to five miles make them are hard to key out; Diptera: flies, again a large recovery difficult. The vision of the reintroduction of number that I have not worked on collecting, N. americanus exists because it is part of the spending most of my time and efforts on Coleoptera historical fauna that should be part of the natural mainly; Siphonaptera: fleas, at some point, I will try biosphere at Hamilton Valley. · to obtain a few bat fleas which may be on the bats in Additional goals of this project have been to Adwell Cave; Hymenoptera: ants, wasps, bees, inventory all insects at Hamilton Valley. Methods of sawflies, Ichneumons and Chalcids. collection include using the above-mentioned pitfall I am preparing a species list, in some cases only to traps as well as sugar traps. (Sugar traps consist of the genus or family on insects I cannot key out to gallon containers hung from trees with a large cut out species, as it will take a long time to enter it into a in the side to admit insects and filled with a mixture database. If anyone is interested in a particular of fermented brown sugar, water, yeast and a handful species found in Hamilton Valley or has collected of soil). We have also used light trapping with sheets something unusual, let me know. Please just put the hung out on clothes lines with black lights and specimen in a vial with 70% alcohol (Rubbing mercury vapor lights to draw in a variety of night Alcohol) with the following information written in flying insects (many terrestrial insectivorous insects pencil on paper and put in a vial, not tapped to vial. are attracted to the lights for a meal!), and field On the paper, record the State, County, location as to collecting off of flower heads, under rocks, logs, and the specific area of collection, (if Hamilton Valley, · bark. The lights of the facility itself are a great just put HV) date of collection, the name of the attractant for the rich variety of moths and beetles person who collected it and if you want, type of that have been found there. habitat it was found in or on (porch, tree, a sidewalk, a path, grass, scrub, etc.) and host plant association, if The following are the Orders and representative known. This last information is not necessary, but it members of those Orders I have collected or is helpful if you can take the time. These vials can be observed in the past three years: left at HV with my name on them. You will receive credit in the database as well as on specimen labels. I Numerous species of the following Orders of insects: am always interested in insects from different Thysanura: bristletails; Diplura: diplurans; localities (states, countries) for my own collection, Collembola: springtails; Ephemeroptera: mayflies; which I use to identify insects collected. Odonata: dragonflies and damsel flies; Orthroptera: I will be doing an intensive base line survey this grasshoppers, katydids, crickets, Dictyoptera: coming year in the prairie (the main open parts of the mantids, wood roaches; Phasmida: walkingsticks; valley) to determine what is there before and during Isoptera: termites; Plecoptera: stoneflies; any changes we may make in vegetation cover or Dermaptera: earwigs; Psocoptera: booklice and following burns. Insects are not impacted by burns barklice; Thysanotera: thrips; Hemiptera: water and most benefit from them. The previous grazing of boatmen, backswimmers, negro bugs, ambush bugs, cattle probably helped to maintain a quasi-prairie as plant bugs, stink bugs, assassin bugs, leaf-footed well as the small tobacco plots that were in the bugs and seed bugs: Homoptera: treehoppers, valley. The cattle acted as "bison" to maintain open froghoppers, spittlebugs, aphids, leafhoppers, areas by grazing and adding dung for the dung planthoppers and cicadas; Neuroptera: antlions, beetles. I have not collected in the valley areas and lacewings, dobsonflies,mantidflies and owlflies; will undoubtably find many more insects to add to 12

the data base. One Arthropod that should be at another. It is an on going survey that will hopefully Hamilton Valley is the Arachnida member called the never end even after I have hung up my nets and Carolina scorpion, Vaejovis caroliniensis. I have traps. I will update my progress in the newsletter found it at Sloan's Valley Kentucky, Puluski County when I find a really noteworthy beetle or other insect in rock ledges. I would appreciate anyone who finds and to the reintroduction process of the Nicrophorus one at Hamilton Valley to notify me. Their sting is americanus Olivier. similar to a bee sting and they are not considered I wish to thank George Keeney of The Ohio State dangerous nor aggressive. University Insectary and Greenhouses for his help I have tried to collect in almost every month of the writing this article. I also wish to thank George year because many beetles emerge at different times Keeney, Nancy Shapiro and Cheryl Early for and can be plentiful at one time and totally absent proofreading.

!AREA EXPEDITION~ Lilburn Mini-expedition Report for October 26, 2002 By Peter Bosted

Only four cavers attended this mini-expedition: Toinette Hartshorne, Matthew and Elizabeth Covington, and Peter Bosted. They entered Lilburn Cave at around 10 a.m., and proceeded from the Historic entrance to the Overfalls Passage (under S. Seas junction) via the Elevator. They rigged a 40' rope, and Peter and Matt surveyed down into the Enchanted River, connecting in just below the 15' Falls. They noted that the Overfalls Passage is much more complex than shown on the map, and needs a more thorough survey. They proceeded to the end of the Enchanted River, up the 35' rope into Happy Land, and went to the end of the passage surveyed on the previous expedition, that the map showed being directly under a side branch of Meyer Parallel. Meanwhile, Toinette and Elizabeth went to the same location the dry way. The two groups quickly made contact through unstable breakdown. After about three hours of stabilization, the passage was large and safe enough for passage by most cavers. They joined forces and proceeded to a lead near the Echo River, which turned out to open up into nice walking passage after a tight, awkward bend. They surveyed this for about 100' to a too-tight constriction. On the way back out of the cave, they surveyed the new connection to Meyer Parallel and took this dry route back out of the cave, reaching the surface around I 0 pm. Total survey was 190' in 25 stations. Lilburn Cave Passes 20 Miles, November 16-17,2002 By Damian Grindley

With both Interstate 5 and 99 socked in by a rather dense thule fog in California's Central Valley, only six cavers ventured above this soup to drift into the Redwood Canyon Hut in the wee hours of Saturday morning. Otherwise blessed by near-perfect conditions during the trip and judging by the high tide marks on the creek banks, the decision to reschedule the expedition from the previous weekend due to storms had clearly been a wise one. Leaving Howard Hurtt the objective of winterizing the hut, draining the water system and making everything inside a little less mice friendly, five cavers set out to continue the survey of the recent extensions above the Enchanted River. Water levels had clearly risen-hence the new dry connection, via Myer Parallel (pioneered by Peter Bosted et al), proved both useful and quick, if a little awkward for those over six feet. As all the team members were new to "Low Hanging Fruit" (named for easy pickings), some time was spent on familiarization with the area before splitting into two teams around a largish chamber at a high point in the extensions. Carol Vesely and Damian Grindley surveyed a number of small canyon type passages that generally pinched out within a few tens of feet or looped around to known passage. One loop provided a shortcut to the aforementioned chamber. Peter's team, consisting of Marek Cichanski and Randi Poer, had similar experiences. They tied up a number of short loops while taking numerous photographs. Exiting at midnight after some 12 I /4 hours underground, both teams had stayed late to gain a hard-won 250 feet each. This, it was suspected, would collectively slip the length of Lilburn Cave quietly over twenty miles. Besides nobody wanted to be one leg short of the mark! It was not until the following week when the data had been entered that Peter confirmed the official length of Lilburn at 20.01 miles. In all, it was a most enjoyable mini expedition. It's just as well we got those last few legs. 13

Mammoth Cave: Presidents' Day, February 15-18,2002 By Pat Kambesis, Expedition Leader

The February expedition fielded nine teams to C surveys. They checked all leads at the Cl junction destinations in the Mammoth Cave and Flint Ridges, and surveyed up into the M passage atld out to the Roppel Cave, and Hidden River Cave. A total of old M29 junction with P and F, both of which lead to 4,373 feet of passage was mapped (I ,446 new survey, Deike Trail. They retraced Bill Bishop's canyon 2,927 resurvey). descent to the dry pit below P67, and found that the One team headed to Proctor Cave. At Bivalve "too tight canyon" on the left went an easy ten feet to Junction they assessed a rigging point for future work a lower pit, which will require about 50 feet of rope in Bivalve Boulevard. The party then traveled out to rig and descend. Continuing to about Ml7, they North Frost Avenue to continue working on theY left a prominent ending point at the brink of a climb­ Survey at the north end. At Y51 there is a chest able pit. The passage continues as a rocky crawl, and compression area about 7-8 inches high and profusely . beyond M I is 300 feet of Z leading to Jones Shaft. covered with popcorn formations. One party member Plenty of work remains here. could not get himself past the constriction without Two Roppel Cave trips went out during the significant loss of bone structure. As doing any expedition. One team headed to Currens Corridor. further survey beyond the constriction would mean They started north from C19 and surveyed the main splitting the party into groups too small for safety and passage to the Shiprock, where Currens Corridor efficiency, the decision was made to abandon the becomes complicated. They did one short survey into objective and exit the cave. a dead end canyon. Back at C19, they surveyed south Survey teams went to Emily's Puzzle on both days to the broad junction with Hogan Trail and spent the of the expedition. The first team began surveying day surveying around the room; They were able to various leads noted previously. The area resembles a relocate the southern extension of Hogan Trail sponge, as connections to Emily's and adjacent through an obscure hole, as well as locate where the passages were numerous. They surveyed in two main old D Survey joined. areas: one was a rock bound crawl beginning at The second trip into Roppel Cave went to the Emily's and extending up to an old A survey, and the Tapeless Survey. They proceeded to their objective at second was a continuation of the A survey. The a slow, steady pace via the Brucker Connection and second team picked up where the previous team left reached the northwest end ofthe Tapeless Survey in off, beginning at H22 and tying in a passage that about three hours. The passage was a crawl 1.5 feet connects Kennedy Domes to El Ghor. At H22 a very high by I 0 feet wide, heading paleo-downstream to tight hole leads down to a crawl containing a D the northwest. It is the highest of the upper level survey. This passage connects to a tall canyon, but tubes and canyons in the ceiling of the Lower Elysian they're not sure what it is. They continued the C Way trunk. The crawl lowered to less than one foot survey from C132 until their time ran out. between station K 18 and K 19. The pool that had In the Unknown section of the system on Flint blocked the previous surveyors almost twenty years Ridge, a party descended a pit on the left wall of Ralph before was thankfully dry and they were able to Stone Hall and ascended a previously-rigged rope in a extend the survey for nine stations to K28. At station side dome. They proceeded to the place where the S K28 the passage was 8 feet wide by I .5 feet high survey had stopped due to time and the inability to with a gravel floor. One party member pushed 200 descend a hole in the floor without aid. They feet ahead into a 6-feet-wide-by-3-feet-high hands­ descended the hole and mapped the room at the and-knees crawl with a soft sand floor. The passage bottom. There they discovered a 36-foot pit, which was blowing air, as was Elysian Way at the Mayan they did not descend because they were not equipped Temple. to do so. They continued the S survey two more Two trips went to Hidden River Cave during the stations but would have had to dig out the sandy floor expedition. The first team proceeded to their to continue further, although it appeared that someone objective via the D Survey and through the Rimstone had come through there in the past. Maze. The passage turned out to be larger than A group headed into the Bedquilt Entrance of Colossal anticipated-instead of I 0 feet high and 20 feet wide Cave on Flint Ridge. Following the delightful psycho­ it was 20 high and 60 wide. Oddly, there were no path to Bedquilt, they pro-ceeded to Omega 13 and the complaints from party members on this score. They Gypsum Mine passage. From here they climbed up nine surveyed 25 stations of dry, nicely decorated H feet and began replacement of the lower and upper level survey for I ,017 feet. They came out very wet. The goal of the second Hidden River trip was the task of 14 picking up sediment samples for Mammoth Cave Proctor Cave - Erik Sikora, Bob Hoke, Ed Klausner, Jason hydrologist Joe Meiman in the Fractal River. Walz; Emily's Puzzle- 1) Bob Osburn, Jennie Kerteston, Chris Marwood, Carl Craver; 2) Bob Osburn, Micaela Evans, Unfortunately, they did not have detailed enough Karen Willmes, Bob Thurner; Unknown Cave- Bill Baus, directions to find the sampling point. John Danovich, Bob Thurner, Greg Sholly; Bedquilt Carl Tucker and Janice Tucker served as Entrance- Tommy Brucker, Matt Mezydlo, Dick Maxey, camp managers. The expedition leader Cheryl Early; Roppel Cave - I) Jim Borden, Micaela Evans, John Feil, Kevin Downs; 2) Bill Koerschner, Rolland Moore, appreciates their great cooking and help. Charles Fox; Hidden River Cave- I) Dave West, Karen Willmes, Lacie Braley, Janice Tucker; 2) Ed Klauser, Bob Hoke, Jason Walz.

Mammoth Cave: Columbus Day Expedition, October 11-14,2002 By PJ DiBlasi and JM Hemberger, Expedition Leaders

Jan Marie Hemberger and I ended up leading area. The crew returned with 142.5 feet of new this expedition and as a couple of not-so-old survey and 73.8 feet of resurvey. timers, certainly enjoyed a nearly perfect Several items of note-there are now more expedition. It was perfect in the sense of people who know their way to and from the weather, number of trip leaders, sketchers, Puzzle and there is a newly found shorter route facilities, wonderful people attending and the just to the Puzzle from El Ghar detailed in the trip "a good time was had by all" attitude that report. The fifth crew entered Carmichael everyone exhibited. Entrance to the end of Franklin Avenue (a We were provided with outstanding leads by continuation of Cleveland Avenue?) to survey Paul Hauck, Bob Osburn, James Wells (CKKC) six or seven leads. This crew (led by Charles Fox and Dave West. Though the Sides Cave leads and consisting of John DeLong, Bob Lodge, Red were left untouched, we certainly had capable Watson, Joe Davidson and Carl Craver) went to personnel and weather good enough to have check and survey leads that were short and easily attacked them. finished. A minor misunderstanding and a On Saturday, 12 October, there were six crews broken compass led to one of the better leads fielded. The first (led by Rolland Moore and (old J Survey-a 25 foot pit) being left for including Rich Hand, Rick Fowler and Rick another crew to survey. The crew returned with Hoechstetter) went to Sheep Cave to begin the R 126.6 feet of new survey. The sixth crew (led by survey. The R survey continued for 216 feet into Dave West and consisting of Erik Sikora, Robert a large room before some safety modifications Hoke and Jeff Marts) went to Wilson Cave. needed to be performed. Two leads remain in Using the B survey crawl to avoid the bats and to Sheep cave. One large crew of very thin people get to their objective, this crew returned with went to X Canyon in Unknown Cave-Paul 552.75 feet of new survey from the WY survey. Hauck's leads. This crew broke into two smaller On the second day of the expedition, four crews (one led by Micaela Evans consisting of crews were fielded. One (led by Tom Brucker Shannan Bradley and Bob Thurner, the other led and consisting of John DeLong, Jeff Marts and by Matt Mezydlo consisting of Karen Willmes, Bob Thurner) went to the T Survey area in and Joyce Hoffmaster). Evans and her crew Hawkins River. At J 18, they put in an E survey worked on the numerous leads off of X Canyon in a low wet belly crawl (30 feet of eight inch (getting 86.1 feet of new survey and 75.8 feet of wet crawl) finding a dome with an eroded resurvey) and Mezydlo and his crew worked on formation. After 27 stations they arrived at the main line of X canyon (getting 45.9 feet of waterfall dome, totaling 458.2 feet. This area new survey and 330.1 feet of resurvey). Micaela admits a large number of trogloxenes due to its indicates that the next small crew could try to proximity to the surface. Another crew (led by C. push the low wet lead off Z5 some more. Matt Fox and consisting of Karen Willmes, B.C. says that the next party should resurvey the high Jennings, Rolland Moore, Bob Hoke and Joyce canyon (old H survey) at X7 and tie in at HII at Hoffmaster) returned to the end of Franklin the top of the pit. Another large crew (led by A venue. This crew divided into two survey Tom Brucker consisting of Scott Davidson, B. C. teams. Willmes, Moore and Fox surveyed a route Jennings, Brennan Sapp, Doug Alderman, and from the old L survey to the bottom of the pit Lacie Braley) went to Emily's Puzzle in an effort opening up in the led to the east of FR 16 while to sort out and survey the numerous leads in the Hoffmaster, Hoke and Jennings surveyed the small canyon across that pit. There is still a 25 15 foot pit out there that needs dropping. There are now the map will be finished. Finally, part of the also a few high leads that need to be thoroughly crew going to Short Cave took off to the woods examined and surveyed. The Franklin Avenue in Hamilton Valley. This crew, lead by Dave crew returned with 337.8 feet of new survey. West and consisting of Erik Sikora, Paul A crew went to Short Cave (off Park) so the Cannaley and about four dozen home-made trip leader (Micaela Evans) could gather peanut butter cookies (made by Courtney), went additional data for her map. The crew (consisting into the woods in an effort to find an entrance of Dave West, Paul Cannaley, Erik Sikora and near Roger's Tractor Trap. They returned with Doug Alderman) drove past their lead and had zero survey and zero cookies. to actually walk back about 50 feet to the upper The net result of the expedition was 2445.15 level lead. Unfortunately the best laid plans feet of survey of which i 965.45 feet were turned bust and the lead ended. The final 68.6 previously unsurveyed passage. feet of survey was obtained for Short Cave and

Mammoth Cave: Thanksgiving, November 27-December 1, 2002 By Jim Borden, Expedition Leader

The Thanksgiving 2002 CRF Expedition at and worked the lower Salts canyons near the Mammoth Cave was a resounding success­ junction of Weller A venue (northernmost excellent weather and strong attendance, coupled passage leading to Lehrberger Avenue). Nearly with stellar camp managing by Alan Wellhausen, 500 feet were surveyed, over half of which (270 were the ingredients for success. Not a lot of feet) was new cave. A team worked on photo­ survey was accomplished, but everyone had a documentation in Pohl A venue in Unknown wonderful time, some interesting things were Cave. On Joppa Ridge, a small caves crew found, and there are many interesting things to relocated and began surveys and descriptions of follow up on during future expeditions. Mouse and Gentry Caves (as well as relocating For the weekend, we had 42 enthusiastic and several others), surveying about 143 feet. In well-qualified participants, peaking at about Hidden River Cave, a team traveled to the D thirty for Saturday. During the expedition, Survey, upstream of the entrance, to repair a bad nineteen trips were fielded during the three days shot and add a few side leads. Most of the day of caving, across the full expanse of the caving was expended on replacement due to region--one in Hidden River Cave, five in Flint hard-to-find survey stations with about 53 feet of Ridge, one in Mammoth Cave, four in Roppel resurvey (7 feet of new cave). Cave, seven in small caves or surface walking, On Friday, we fielded eight trips-two to and one in Diamond Caverns. All in all, 3,834 Flint Ridge, two to Roppel Cave, one to small feet of cave was surveyed, of which I ,363 feet caves, and three for surface reconnaissance. consisted of new cave. The length of Mammoth Work continued on clearing the Perimeter Trail. Cave was extended by 855 feet. One party continued the survey of Ball Trail Jack Freeman led efforts on the perimeter trail in Unknown Cave, netting 418 feet in the main of the Hamilton Valley property, completing this level, and an additional 186 feet (new cave) in multi-year project. lower levels of the passage. Another team On Thursday, November 28, we fielded five worked in Ralph Stone Hall. A major loop was trips-three to Flint Ridge, one to small caves on closed and some additional replacement survey Joppa Ridge, and one to Hidden River Cave. In begun for a total of 146 feet of survey (76 feet in addition, work was done on the Hamilton Valley new cave). perimeter trail, beginning at the north end and In Roppel Cave, one party went to Kangaroo working clockwise around the property, clearing Trail and began Mick Sutton's new map sheet. branches and fallen trees. Kangaroo Trail is in the eastern portion of the In Flint Ridge, one party continued the main section and was badly in need of replace­ mapping effort in Bedquilt, netting 403.6 feet of ment. Over 755 feet was surveyed (largely replacement survey near Omega Trail. The party resurvey) from Olympia Junction, two-thirds of seemed to have an acute management problem the way to Kangaroo Kamp (where Kangaroo insofar that no one could come up with a watch, Canyon and Kangaroo Trail diverge in the even after returning to camp. The creative solu­ downstream direction). Another party went to the tion employed was a small, portable electronic Metro Lines and took on the noble mission of alarm clock. Another party went to Salts Cave surveying the one station gap in the Red Line, 16 near Metrodome and The Fleeceway. Lesson: few more cavers will have to ratify that opinion), when stopping a survey for the day, make sure then on through the Brucker Connection. Besides you do not leave a rogue label of an incomplete learning the route to the Metrodome and the survey shot-the party taped the shot, but general layout of the lower levels, they found bagged the survey, leaving a labeled station on some new cave to add to the spaghetti that is the the wall. The next party unwittingly started at map of this area. They exited via the upper levels said station, leaving a hanging survey as a of the North Crouchway, completing the loop. result). With the one shot completed, they then A crew checked Three Rat Cave, a small cave tackled the continuation of the Red Line across near Tumhole Bend. This is a sandstone well Red Line Dome. It was high, it was scary, but it (collapsed vertical shaft) that did not pan out into was not too hard. Once on the other side, they much cave. The entire cave was surveyed at 240 scrambled past a flowstone mound then ran out feet (and located with a GPS) and was well five hundred feet of walking canyon heading into documented for the Small Cave Inventory. The the ridge. Good lead here. Thirteen feet was survey of Diamond Caverns was continued, surveyed (new cave, of course!) in one shot. completing the "Queen's Den" loop and the On the surface, one team hiked the northwest original tourist trail under the Rotunda. A party comer of Flint Ridge, checking for features that returned to Joppa Ridge and Mouse Cave to may have changed over the past several years. continue the survey. An additional thirty-seven Another party worked on one of the cave digs in feet was surveyed to an end at a collapse. At Hamilton Valley, opening a small cave that was Gentry Cave, they surveyed an additional surveyed for 28 feet. A crew went to Wondering thirty-five feet in low, but still going, passage Woods-or, is it "Wandering Woods"?-and with strong airflow (chilling on this cold day, checked two small drain holes in the valley over­ causing the survey to be cut short). lying the T Survey near Morrison Cave. One was Kudos to Pat Kambesis for making sure all too tight, and another will require some more was ready for the expedition; to the entire time to see if the winter rains will open it (too expedition for the excellent job of tidying up low, with silt). A group dragged an extension camp on the last day of the expedition; to Alan ladder into Dogwood Cave to check a lead. Wellhausen who again did a superb job in Unfortunately, it was only a cutaround. preparing meals, especially the Thanksgiving On the last day of caving, we fielded six feast; to Bob Osburn for helping with end-of­ trips-one to Mammoth Cave, two to Roppel expedition paperwork. Cave, one to Diamond Caverns, and two to small In closing, I want to thank everyone for their caves. Jack Freeman, again, heroically continued assistance in making this one of the most work on the Perimeter Trail. When the trail was enjoyable expeditions I have run in a long time. cleared, Jack added white blazes, officially completing the Boundary Trail to Hamilton Bedquilt Entrance - Elizabeth Winkler, Karen Willmes, Don Coons, Doug Alderman; Salts Cave - Mick Sulton, Sue Valley. Hagan, Peter Zabrok, Scolt Bauer; Unknown Cave - Jim In Mammoth Cave, one party continued the Greer, Rick Olson, Rick Toomey, Bob Gulden; Joppa Ridge survey 260 feet into the small crawl off the - I) Bob Osburn, John Delong, Alan Wellhausen, Jim ceiling of Carlos Way (off River Hall), finally Borden; 2) John DeLong, Jim Greer, Rick Williams, Dusty Gulden; Hidden River Cave - Dave West, Dusty Gulden, passing beyond the end of exploration. The lead Veda DePaepe; Ball Trail- Paul Hauck, Richard Young, continues as a hands-and-knees crawl continuing Rickard Toomey, Brennon Sapp; Ralph Stone Hall - Jim paleo-downstream toward River Styx to the Greer, John DeLong, Karen Willmes, Don Coons; Roppel southwest. A gentle breeze suggests that there is Cave - I) Mick Sulton, Sue Hagan, Dusty Jennings, BC Jennings; 2) Dick Market, John Feil, Rick Fowler; 3) Bob more to find in this passage. Osburn, Veda DePaepe, Eli7..abeth Winker, Ralph Two crews went to Roppel Cave The first Earlandson; 4) Dick Market, Jim Borden, Daniel Gregor; team took the Thanksgiving Maze route to Flint Ridge - Preston Forsythe, Shari Forsythe; Hamilton Lexington A venue. They surveyed westward, Valley - Bob Gulden, Dave West, Veda DePaepe, Dusty Gulden; Wondering Woods- Tom Brucker, Jim Borden, eventually rejoining the earlier survey line with Kathleen Borden, Nathan Brucker; Dogwood Cave - Dave 640 feet of survey (52 feet being new cave). A West, Dan Gregor, Rick Williams, Dan Williams, Alan second party, wanting to understand the lower Wellhausen; Carlos Way - Joyce Hoffmaster, Karen levels of Metrodome, did the Black River Loop Willmes, Dan Williams, Don Coons; Three Rat Cave - Bob Eggers, Tom Brucker, Nathan Brucker, Kathleen Borden, in reverse (the reverse direction was in deference Steve Eggers, Jason Norrad; Diamond Caverns - Stan Sides, to helping the first party with the route to Alan Wellhausen, Paul Hauck, Richard Young; Hamilton Lexington Avenue). The party took the new Valley Perimeter Trail - Jack Freeman, Stan Sides, Kay alternate to Roberta Pass, which seems better (a Sides, Elizabeth Winkler, Preston Forsythe, Shari Forsythe 17

Ozark Trips, July-December 2002 By Mick Sutton

Mark Twain NationaiForest (MTNF) recorded from Missouri caves, but the most July 7: We returned to Estes Cave to do a more notable wildlife feature was a neatly arranged thorough inventory. Among unusual fauna were collection of viburnum twigs, fresh green diving beetles of a genus not previously recorded Christmas fern fronds and a glittery coke can. in Missouri caves. Another interesting result was Even the packrats are decorating for Christmas! the collection of an adult webworm fly from a dark-zone setting. Although webworms are Devils Icebox Cave common in Ozark caves, the adult fungus gnat September 12-13: The first trip of a year-long appears to have been collected only once before project to develop census protocols for the pink in Missouri. There are indications that stream planarian of Devils Icebox Cave in Rock Bridge ecology may be suffering from heavy trampling State Park (Boone County) was greatly delayed in the more accessible parts of the cave. by late summer storms which seemed to be timed for maximum inconvenience. Finally, in mid­ August I 0: Mick and Sue went to the September Mick and Sue along with Roxie neighboring West Fork (Black River) Caves in Campbell (DNR) and Jeff Page (DNR volunteer) the Salem-Potosi District to do bioinventory. were able to enter the cave and set up some Unusual fauna in both caves included numbers preliminary census plots for this endangered of jumping bristletails. Also present were large animal, which has only one known population numbers of alien millipedes and pill-bugs. and is not numerous even in the one cave where Although the caves are within an area of heavy it exists. The cave stream is fed in part from open legal and illegal ATV use and are shown on the sinkholes and is very nutritionally enriched, USGS topo map, they are fairly difficult to featuring huge numbers of somewhat cave · access and are seldom visited. adapted isopods and amphipods, along with a whole zoo of additional fauna. Some of the August 17: Scott House, Bob Osburn and Andrea enrichment is natural, but there is also input from Croskrey followed up the Cassville District Bear poorly controlled development within the cave's Waller and Twin Cave inventories with a watershed. mapping trip. The caves were respectively 350 ft. and II 0 ft. long. The caves are simi Jar in nature November 2: A follow-up trip by Mick, Sue, and were undoubtedly once connected until cut Roxie, and Mike Slay (MDC) established by a shallow valley. additional census plots and began to document possible seasonal changes in faunal densities. We August 28: Mick, Sue and George Bilbrey did are also beginning to get a feel for the preferred biological inventory in the nearer reaches of habitat of the species-almost all of these Crocker Cave on the Willow Springs District, surprisingly large flatworms have been found Howell County. The population of stygobitic beneath rocks in riffles. isopods in this stream was exceptionally dense, suggesting a high-nutrient environment. Ozark National Scenic Riverways Stygobitic amphipods occur in the entrance area Starting in early November, we began a new pools. Large numbers of cave salamanders project, a winter bat inventory of known bat occurred in twilight, suggesting the possibility caves within Ozark National Scenic Riverways. that the cave is a breeding site for the species. Pipistrelle numbers were surprisingly high for August 14 (report by George Bilbrey): Scott summer, and a few patches of concentrated House, assisted by George Bilbrey, presented an guano suggest occasional use by colonial bats. educational tour for a dozen or so Park Service volunteers in the left hand route of Round Spring December 23: Mick and Sue did bioinventory in Cavern. It was well received by all involved. a series of small caves at Sutton Bluff, near our Reynolds County home. Although the bluff is August 21 (report by George Bilbrey): Scott, directly opposite a campground much frequented George, Charlie Putnam (NPS) and Andrea--­ by ORV enthusiasts, the caves are either difficult (NPS) did some biological inventory in the right to reach or inconspicuous, and are not being hand route of Round Spring Cavern. visited. We collected a mosquito not previously 18

November I (report by George Bilbrey): Scott December 8: Mick, Anna and Mike did bat House, George Bilbrey and Bill Elliot (MDC) counts in Bluff Cave and Little Bluff Cave at did a monitoring trip to Welch Spring Cave on Owls Bend. Neither is a major bat cave, but there the upper Current. The cave is being entered were a couple of gray bats hibernating in Bluff illegally and is terribly tracked up. The dam, Cave. which had previously restricted the lower entrance, has been washed out and the cave is December I 4: Sue and Mick floated a 5-mile being entered on a wholesale basis by floaters, stretch of the Jacks Fork to do bat assessments of who are ignoring the closure sign. Den Cave, Three Entrance Cave and Jam Up Cave. None of these are major bat caves, but Jam November I 3 (report by George Bilbrey). For Up does appear to house some gray bats in early the first trip of the bat fall, judging from the relatively fresh guano cave inventory, Scott and George with Becki accumulation. Scott kindly did the canoe ferrying Bulls (NPS) inventoried 6 chores. caves near Pulltite Landing: McDonald Cave, Lodge Cave, Fire Hydrant Stream Cave, Fire Fitton Cave (by Bob Osburn & George Bilbrey) Hydrant Collapse Cave, Indian Cave and Tater September 28: Mike Pearson, David Pearson and Cave. None of these are major bat sites. Phil Sanders checked closure problems in the beginning of Bat Passage (the "21 Jumps" November I 4: Scott and Mick Sutton inventoried portion) near the T junction. Scott House, caves on the Jacks Fork in the Blue Spring area. George Bilbrey, Rick Haley and Aaron Addison Blue Spring Lodge Cave, Hospital Cave, worked on improving the beginning of Crystal Baptizing Hole Cave and Baptizing Hole Spring Passage, surveying about 900ft. at the Cave were all minor bat sites with no indication Roundhouse end of the passage. Bob Osburn, of extensive use, but Nill Cave is a significant Ryan Zeigler and Howie Weinstein continued gray bat summer site, as indicated by piles of the resketching of Roundhouse room, working partly fresh guano. towards Jurgens Passage. They noted several crawly leads. There is more still to do there. The November I 5: Scott and Mick inventoried crews exited through Crystal and the Branson Cave, counting large numbers of Schermerhorn cutoff, in part to get more hibernating pipistrelles along with a few gray familiarized with the complex route. and long-eared bats. We also documented summer use by small numbers of gray bats. October 26: Two crews consisting of I) Pete Lindsley, Danny Vann and Mike Pearson, and 2) December 6: Scott, Mick, Chuck Bitting (visiting Paul Hauck, George Bilbrey and Chuck Bitting from Buffalo National River), Emily Ficker and worked on fixing loop closure problems in Bat Greg Ficker inventoried Bald Eagle Cave on the Passage. Party I worked in the upper (2 I Jumps) upper Current. This is another fairly significant level while party 2 worked on the stream level summer gray bat cave. Fourteen-year old Emily passage. Quite a few problems with the old far outdid the experienced biologists in picking survey were noted and corrected. out pipistrelles hiding among a stalactite jungle on the high ceiling. Powder Mill Creek Cave (MDC) December 5-7: Scott, Mick, Chuck, Anna June 29: Doug Baker, George Bilbrey, Jim Breuninger and Mike Cravens inventoried Kaufmann and Matt Goska went upstream in the Round Spring Cavern, with separate crews for main stream passage. One person had to exit the right hand and left hand routes. The extensive early due to back problems, but managed to piles of very old, inactive bat guano were collect some water samples during the exit. The measured, the cave's continued use by far remaining three continued to the far upstream smaller numbers of gray bats was documented, end of the current survey. Before they stopped to and a sampling of pipistrelles was counted. survey, they checked one nasty little potential Scott, with Sue Hagan, also inventoried nearby lead that didn't go anywhere and also cleaned up Bootleggers Cave, another site with a high a couple of sketching problems with last year's density of hibernating pipistrelles. Scott, Mick, survey. They then mapped 220 ft. in the Fourth Sue, Anna, Mike and Mark Miller (NPS) then Water Crawl before one party member became did a bat count in the outer reaches of Bunker too cold to continue. Hill Cave off the Jacks Fork. 19

July 20: Doug, George, Jim Kaufmann, Dawn plished about 720 feet of new survey. This is Cardace and Jeff Hanna knocked off 410ft. of exciting, yet frustrating. Eleven round trip hours new survey on a 16-hour trip to the Fourth of strenuous travel time, doesn't leave much Watercrawl. The survey ended for now at an ear­ reserve for surveying efforts. dip. Travel time to the end of the survey is now 5 hours each way. September 7 (report by Bilbrey and Sutton): Doug, George, Jeff and Mick Sutton did a 19- August I 0: Doug, George, Jim and Jeff hour mapping trip far upstream in Powder Mill continued the upstream survey. The cave Creek Cave, adding about 650ft. of nice, changed character, as the ear-wash opened up walking-high stream passage to the survey, after less than a hundred feet, and the Fourth which now stands at about 8 miles. The main Watercrawl ended after another couple of stream passage is now almost 3 miles long. hundred feet. The fourth water crawl is almost There is a large upper level lead, so far 2,000 feet long. The cave opened up dramatically unentered, in this part of the cave, in addition to to easy walking in I 0 to 15 foot wide, 8 to I 0 several smaller leads. This survey area is foot high passage with water one to two feet noteworthy for a remarkable lack of terrestrial deep in places. We saw flood evidence of water fauna-presumably a result of its remoteness 4 feet deep or deeper in places during previous from the entrance and therefore from terrestrial high water events. Travel time to where we quit food inputs. On the same day, Jim Kaufmann surveying is now 5 I /2 hours and distance from and an assistant did some paleontological work the entrance is about 14,370 feet, with well over in the nearer reaches of the cave. 5,000 feet of water crawl each way. We accom-

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