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Procedures for Conducting Underwater Searches for Invasive Mussels (Dreissena Sp.)

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Procedures for Conducting Underwater Searches for Invasive Mussels (Dreissena Sp.) Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Procedures for Conducting Underwater Searches for Invasive Mussels (Dreissena sp.) Open-File Report 2010–1308 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Procedures for Conducting Underwater Searches for Invasive Mussels (Dreissena sp.) By Noah Adams Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Open-File Report 2010–1308 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Adams, Noah, 2010, Procedures for conducting underwater searches for invasive mussels (Dreissena sp.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1308, 44 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 How Mussels Move from Place to Place .................................................................................................................... 2 The Importance of Preventing the Spread of Invasive Mussels ................................................................................. 3 Dive Practices ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Advanced Preparation ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Dive Planning ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Communication with Divers .......................................................................................................................................11 The Buddy System ....................................................................................................................................................12 Identifying Mussels Underwater ....................................................................................................................................12 What Divers Are Searching For ................................................................................................................................12 What Divers Are Not Searching For ..........................................................................................................................15 Defining the Search Area ..............................................................................................................................................16 Methods for Searching ..................................................................................................................................................17 General Considerations ............................................................................................................................................17 Arc Search Method ...................................................................................................................................................17 Circle Search Method ...............................................................................................................................................18 Jackstay Search Method ...........................................................................................................................................20 Dock Search Method ................................................................................................................................................23 Collecting Information about the Search Area ..............................................................................................................24 Assessing the Probability of Detecting Mussels ...........................................................................................................24 Collecting Mussel Samples ...........................................................................................................................................25 Decontamination of Equipment .....................................................................................................................................29 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................................30 References Cited ..........................................................................................................................................................30 Appendix 1 – Example of USGS Diving Reciprocity Form. ...........................................................................................31 Appendix 2 – Sample Check Lists ................................................................................................................................33 Appendix 3 – Sample Data Sheets ...............................................................................................................................38 Appendix 4 – USGS Decontamination Procedure. .......................................................................................................42 Appendix 5 – Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedures ................................................................................................................44 Figures Figure 1. Photograph of two types of artificial settlement substrate used to monitor for adult mussels ........................ 2 Figure 2. Diagram of the life cycle of dreissenid mussels ............................................................................................ 3 Figure 3. Photograph showing a zebra mussel and the byssal threads they use to attach to substrates ..................... 3 Figure 4. Photograph showing zebra mussels attached to a native clam ..................................................................... 4 Figure 5. Photograph showing zebra mussels attached to crayfish ............................................................................. 4 Figure 6. Photograph of a water intake in Lake Mead, Nevada, with dreissenid mussel colony .................................. 5 Figure 7. Photograph of a pipe that has been cut in half to show how the mussels can clog pipes ............................. 6 Figure 8. Photograph of mussel colony on hull of recreational boat from Lake Mead, Nevada .................................... 6 Figure 9. Photograph of mussels on out-drive of recreational boat .............................................................................. 7 Figure 10. Photograph showing mussels on substrate in near-shore environment ...................................................... 7 Figure 11. Photograph showing mussels covering a beach in Great Lakes, Michigan ................................................. 8 Figure 12. Photograph showing dive operations ........................................................................................................ 10 Figure 13. Photograph showing the range of sizes of adult mussels ......................................................................... 13 iii Figure 14. Photograph of the two species of mussel commonly referred to as zebra mussels .................................. 13 Figure 15. Photograph showing variation in the striped pattern of the shells of zebra mussels ................................. 14 Figure 16. Photograph showing mussels attached to a rock ...................................................................................... 14 Figure 17. Photograph showing differences between Asian clams and dreissenid mussels ...................................... 15 Figure 18. Photograph showing a colony of dreissenid mussels ................................................................................ 16 Figure 19. Drawing showing a standard arch sampling method ................................................................................. 18 Figure 20. Drawing showing a standard circle search method ................................................................................... 19 Figure 21. Photograph showing two pivot devices ..................................................................................................... 20 Figure 22. Drawing showing components of a jackstay search system. .................................................................... 21 Figure 23. Drawing showing how a jackstay system can be used to search the area
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