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Mediterranean Marine Science

Vol. 10, 2009

Inventory of alien marine species of (2009)

KATSANEVAKIS S. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra TSIAMIS K. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013, Anavyssos, Attiki IOANNOU G. Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, Nicosia MICHAILIDIS N. Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, Nicosia ZENETOS A. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Agios Kosmas, P.C. 16610, Elliniko, Athens https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.113

Copyright © 2009

To cite this article:

KATSANEVAKIS, S., TSIAMIS, K., IOANNOU, G., MICHAILIDIS, N., & ZENETOS, A. (2009). Inventory of alien marine species of Cyprus (2009). Mediterranean Marine Science, 10(2), 109-134. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.113

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Review Article

Mediterranean Marine Science Volume 10/2, 2009, 109-133

Inventory of alien marine species of Cyprus (2009)

S. KATSANEVAKIS1, K. TSIAMIS2, G. IOANNOU3, N. MICHAILIDIS3 and A. ZENETOS1

1 Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Agios Kosmas, 2 Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece 3 Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, Nicosia, Cyprus e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

An updated inventory of alien marine species from the coastal and offshore waters of Cyprus is pre- sented. Records were compiled based on the existing scientific and grey literature, including the HCMR database of Mediterranean alien species, technical reports, scientific congresses, academic dissertations, and websites, as well as on unpublished/personal observations. The listed species were classified in one of five categories: established, invasive, casual, cryptogenic, and questionable. The mode of introduction and the year of first sighting were also reported for each species. Eight new records based on personal observa- tions of the authors were reported (Chondria coerulescens, Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa, Enchelycore anati- na, spadiceus, Lagocephalus suezensis, Scomberomorus commerson, Sillago sihama, and Sphoeroides pachygaster). Nine species, previously reported as aliens in Cypriot waters, were excluded from the inventory for various reasons. Twelve established species were characterized as invasive (Caulerpa race- mosa var. cylindracea, scabridum, Strombus persicus, erithreus, Brachidontes pharao- nis, Pinctada radiata, Pseudonereis anomala, Charybdis helleri, Fistularia commersonii, Lagocephalus sceleratus, Siganus luridus, and Siganus rivulatus) as they have a substantial impact on biodiversity and/or local economy. The impact of alien marine species in Cyprus is expected to grow in the near future, and further effort directed towards recording alien invasions and their impact will be needed.

Keywords: Alien marine species; Biodiversity; Eastern Mediterranean; Invasive species; Lessepsian immigrants; Cyprus.

Introduction 1997; EEA, 2009). Invasive alien species are considered to be the second most important Biological invasions represent a signif- cause of global biodiversity change, fol- icant risk for many natural ecosystems and lowing direct habitat destruction (CBD, have become an issue of increasing concern 2000). In particular, biological invasions in worldwide (SCHMITZ & SIMBERLOFF, aquatic habitats represent a recognized glob-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | al threat with a strong impact on biodiver- ranean Sea, covering fish, decapod and stom- sity and local economies (PERRINGS et al., atopod crustaceans, molluscs, and macro- 2002; PIMENTEL et al., 2005; EEA, 2006; phytes (www.ciesm.org). Additionally, sci- STREFTARIS & ZENETOS, 2006). entists from several Mediterranean coun- Although natural invasions do occur, nowa- tries have created and continuously update days most biological invasions result from databases of aquatic alien species, and have human activities. The is published national inventories usually in- one of the regions most severely affected by cluding information on the origin of each alien marine invasions, fostered by the open- species, the mode of introduction, and the ing of the Suez Canal, fouling and ballast establishment success. Such lists for marine transportation along shipping lines, aqua- alien species have been published for Greece culture, and the aquarium trade (PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU et al., (STREFTARIS et al., 2005; GALIL, 2009). 2006; ZENETOS et al., in press), A recent update of the marine alien species ( INAR et al., 2006), (SCIBERRAS list in the Mediterranean Sea reported a to- & SCHEMBRI, 2007), and (GALIL, tal of 925 introduced species listed by March 2007a). Inventories of marine alien species of 2009, of which 519 were considered to be on a European level have also been pro- established and spreading (ZENETOS, 2009). duced in the framework of the DAISIE proj- This overall estimation of marine alien species ect (DAISIE, 2009) but these inventories in the Mediterranean Sea represents approx- are not regularly updated for all taxonomic imately 7.5% of the known flora and fauna; groups. however, this percentage is higher in the The Eastern Mediterranean is highly Eastern Mediterranean and may exceed 20% susceptible to marine biological invasions in specific aquatic ecosystems (GALIL & because of its location at the crossroads be- ZENETOS, 2002). The number of recorded tween the Ponto-Caspian and the Indian alien species in the Mediterranean Sea con- Ocean/ regions, the maritime traf- tinues to increase at a rate of one new record fic from the Indian Ocean, and a widespread every nine days (ZENETOS et al., 2008). occurrence of fish and shellfish farms. Lessep- In recent years there has been a strong sian immigrants in particular are mostly con- interest from the scientific community and fined to the eastern part of the Mediter- international organisations in monitoring ranean basin (GALIL & ZENETOS, 2002). biological invasions in the Mediterranean Cyprus is the largest, easternmost Mediter- Sea, assessing their impact on the native flo- ranean island and the one closest to the Suez ra and fauna and on local economies, in- Canal. Comparing the list of alien species vestigating the causes and patterns of alien of Cyprus with those of other Eastern Mediter- introductions, and proposing management ranean countries will assist in understand- measures (CBD, 2000; EC, 2006, 2007, 2008; ing the invasion patterns in the area. EEA, 2006; IMO, 2009). Within this frame- The first systematic effort to record the work, a great effort has been made during alien marine species of Cyprus was initiat- the last decade to compile fragmentary and ed in 1967 during a joint program (Biota of sporadic information on the presence and the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean) by distribution of alien species in the Mediter- the Smithsonian Institution, the Hebrew ranean Sea. CIESM has issued a series of University of Jerusalem, and the Sea Fish- atlases of the alien species in the Mediter- eries Research Station in Haifa. This proj-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | ect investigated the spread of the Lessep- has been updated based on species records sian immigrants in the Levant Basin (, up to July 2009. Israel, Cyprus, ) and listed a total of The following definition of aliens was 140 Erythrean and Indo-Pacific species known adopted: A species, subspecies or lower tax- to have crossed the Suez Canal into the on, introduced outside its natural past or Mediterranean Sea (STEINITZ, 1970; POR present distribution; it includes any part: et al., 1972). Since then, other studies fo- gametes, seeds, eggs, or propagules of such cusing on specific taxa have appeared in the species that might survive and subsequent- literature (e.g. : BUZZURRO & ly reproduce (http://www.cbd.int/inva- GREPPI, 1997; OZTURK et al., 2004; Poly- sive/terms.shtml). Synonyms are non-native, chaeta: BEN-ELIAHU & PAYIATAS, 1999; non-indigenous, allochthonous, and exotic. INAR, 2005; Macroalgae: TA KIN et al., The dates of collection of the new records, 2008) but information remains scattered and rather than dates of publication, are reported, a complete updated list of the aliens of Cyprus since a gap of many years may exist between is still missing. DAISIE (2009) reports a to- the two dates. When the date of collection tal of 75 alien marine species from Cyprus was not reported in a publication, we tried but this figure is a marked underestimation to obtain this information by direct com- of the actual one. munication with the author(s). In a few cas- The aim of this work is to present an up- es where the date of collection remained un- dated list of the marine alien species of known, the date of publication was used in- Cyprus, based on a thorough compilation of stead. existing information, and to provide base- The establishment success of each species line information on the current situation on was assessed and is given according to the the island. Furthermore, it compares this list following terminology, as proposed in with the inventories of alien species in oth- ZENETOS et al. (2006): er eastern Mediterranean countries and com- Established: Introduced or feral popu- ments on possible differentiation. lation of species settled in the wild with free- living, self maintaining and self-perpetuat- Materials and Methods ing populations unsupported by and inde- pendent of humans. Species with at least two Records of marine alien species from records in Cyprus spread over time and space the coastal and offshore waters of Cyprus (at least three records for fishes) are also were compiled based on the existing scien- classified as established, in the sense of the tific and grey literature, including the Hel- CIESM atlas series. lenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Casual: Casual species are those having database of Mediterranean alien species been recorded only once (no more than twice (ZENETOS & FRAGGOS, 2008; HCMR, for fish) in the scientific and grey litera- 2009), technical reports, scientific congress- ture and are presumed to be non-established es, academic dissertations, and websites, as in Cyprus. In this paper ‘casual’ is used in well as on unpublished/personal observa- the same sense as ‘alien’ in the CIESM at- tions. Records from grey literature or per- las series. sonal observations were included as long Questionable: Species with insufficient as they were supported by physical evidence information – ‘suspects’. Also new entries such as specimens or photographs. The list not verified by experts or species with taxo-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | nomic status unresolved. an Indo-Pacific or Indian Ocean origin. The Cryptogenic: Species with no definite ev- dominant mode of introduction (104 species) idence of their native or introduced status was via the Suez Canal. according to CARLTON (1996) and species Among the 126 reported alien marine whose probable introduction occurred in species, 80 are established (including 12 in- ‘early times’ and not been witnessed, e.g. pri- vasive), 31 are casual, 9 are cryptogenic, and or to 1800. 6 are questionable. The species classified as Excluded: Species previously reported invasive were the green alga Caulerpa race- as aliens in Cyprus but excluded from our mosa var. cylindracea, the gastropod mol- list due to one of the following criteria: luscs Cerithium scabridum, Strombus persi- misidentification, native species falsely pre- cus, and Trochus erithreus, the bivalve mol- viously identified as alien, or spurious records luscs Brachidontes pharaonis and Pinctada (e.g., shells of molluscs transported by man radiata, the polychaete Pseudonereis anom- for food or ornament and left in places where ala, the crustacean Charybdis helleri, and the they are normally absent). Excluded species fish Fistularia commersonni, Lagocephalus are not presented in the main list but are re- sceleratus, Siganus luridus, and Siganus rivu- ported separately. latus. These species have overcome biotic Invasive species were also indicated. In- and abiotic barriers, have high abundance vasive were defined as those established aliens and extensive spatial distribution in the coastal that have overcome biotic and abiotic bar- waters of Cyprus, and have evident eco- riers and are able to disseminate away from logical and/or economic impacts (DFMR, their area of initial introduction through the 2008; STREFTARIS & ZENETOS, 2006). production of fertile offspring with notice- Six species were characterized as ques- able impact, such as threat to the diversity tionable, for various reasons: or abundance of native species, the ecolog- 1. Polysiphonia atlantica is easily confused ical stability of infested ecosystems, eco- with other Mediterranean species of the nomic activities dependent on these ecosys- genus Polysiphonia (BEN MAIZ et al., tems, and human health. 1986) and its occurrence in the Mediter- The records of marine alien species of ranean Sea needs further study. Cyprus were compared with those of the oth- 2. Laodicea fijiana has been reported only er countries of the Levantine basin (Egypt, once by SCHMIDT (1973) (as cited in Israel, Lebanon, Syria, southern Turkey) POR, 1978) and could be a misidentifi- (Fig. 1). Such records were taken from the cation of L. undulata (Forbes & Good- HCMR database of Mediterranean alien sir, 1853) (DE VITO et al., 2006). species (HCMR, 2009). 3. Hydroides dianthus was found only once in a state of decomposition, and taken Results from a ship’s propeller. There was no knowledge of the history of the ship, thus Up to July 2009, a total of 126 alien ma- it was uncertain whether settlement took rine species has been reported in Cyprus, place in Cypriot waters (BEN-ELIAHU among which are 42 molluscs, 28 fish, 19 & PAYIATAS, 1999). polychaetes, 15 phytobenthic species, 12 4. Lysidice collaris was probably confused crustaceans, and 10 species from other taxa with the native species L. margaritacea (ANNEX 1). Most of the species (101) have Claparède, 1868 (ZENETOS et al., 2006).

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Fig. 1: Map of the Levantine basin and surrounding countries.

5. For Terebella ehrenbergi, insufficient da- A comparison of the records of the alien ta were provided in the initial record marine species of Cyprus with those of the and identification was judged uncertain other neighboring areas of the Levantine re- by ZENETOS et al. (2006). gion revealed a relatively low number of 6. In the distribution map of Himantura recorded species (Fig. 2). With the exception uarnak, provided by LAST & STEVENS of Syria, where only 119 alien marine species (1994), Cyprus is included; however no have been recorded, in all the other Levan- other evidence is provided that the species tine countries much higher numbers of record- was actually found in Cypriot waters. ed species appear (Egypt: 212, Israel: 389, Lebanon: 262, South Turkey: 257) (ZENETOS, Nine species previously reported as aliens 2009). The relative difference of recorded in Cypriot waters were excluded from the in- alien species varies greatly among taxonom- ventory for various reasons (Table 1). ic groups. The reported number of alien poly- In the light of present knowledge, the chaetes in Cyprus is similar to that of most previous reports of Linopherus acarunculata other Levantine areas (Fig. 2). For all oth- and Branchiomma boholense ( INAR, 2005) er major taxa there is a deficit in reported actually refer to L. canariensis and B. bairdi species in Cyprus when compared with the respectively ( INAR, 2009). other Levantine countries, except for mol-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Table 1 Species excluded from the inventory of alien marine species of Cyprus.

Species Reported by Reasoning for exclusion Leonnates persicus Wesenberg-Lund, 1949 GALIL, 2006 Absent from Cyprus (M.E. INAR, pers. comm.). Rhodine loveni Malmgren, 1865 BEN-ELIAHU, 1972 Atlanto-Mediterranean species (ZENETOS et al., 2006). Branchiosyllis exilis (Gravier, 1900), INAR 2003 A widespread species (Atlantic, Indo-Pacific), including east Atlantic (ZENETOS et al., 2006). Monticellina dorsobranchialis INAR, 2005 Atlanto-Mediterranean species (Kirkegaard, 1959) (ZENETOS et al., 2006). Umbonium vestiarium (Melvill, 1896) DELONGUEVILLE & ZENETOS et al. (2004) SCAILLET, 2007 consider it to be a spurious record. DELONGUEVILLE & SCAILLET (2007) state also that the identification is not verified. Sebastapistes nuchalis (Günther, 1874) FRÖILAND, 1972 The initial record was based upon a misidentification of a Scorpaena maderensis Valenciennes, 1833 specimen (GOLANI et al., 2002). Radicilingua thysanorhizans (Holmes) CIRIK et al., 2000 It was considered a native Papenfuss 1956, species (VERLAQUE et al., in press). Thais sacellum (Gmelin, 1791) GALIL, 2006. Not present in Cyprus Pseudochama corbieri (Jonas, 1846) GALIL, 2006 DEMETROPOULOS (1971) refers to Pseudochama ferruginea (Reeve, 1846), a distinct species.

luscs, where Syria had fewer records (Fig. 2). rine species (70%) have not been report- However, there is an increasing trend in ed from Cyprus. the reporting of alien marine species in Cyprus (Fig. 3), and thus their total number is ex- Discussion pected to increase in the near future. A total of 352 alien marine species have The present compilation of the alien been established in the Levantine Sea marine species of Cyprus revealed a total of (HCMR, 2009). The established alien ma- 126 species, which is much higher than the rine species of Cyprus represent 22% of previously reported figures. GALIL (2006) the Levantine established alien marine reported 78 alien marine species from Cyprus, species, while an extra 8% have been re- while 75 species are reported in DAISIE ported as casual or questionable. The vast (2009). Both these studies are based in the majority of established Levantine alien ma- main on 2005 data and the DAISIE data-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Fig. 2: Comparison of the number of reported alien marine species in the surrounding countries of the Levantine basin. For Turkey only the Levantine part (south Turkey) was considered. Non-established are the casual and questionable.

Fig. 3: Cumulative number of alien marine species in Cyprus per decade, based on the reported year of first sighting.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | base seems not to have been updated since included in this inventory. then. In the present study the number of The new records are the two Rhodophy- alien marine species from Cyprus has in- ta Chondria coerulescens and Neosiphonia creased by 51 species (~68%) compared sphaerocarpa (K. Tsiamis, pers. observ.) and with the DAISIE (2009) inventory. This in- the fish Enchelycore anatina, Lagocephalus crease is mainly due to: spadiceus, Lagocephalus suezensis, Scombero- 1. The introduction of new alien species in morus commerson, Sillago sihama, and Spho- Cyprus. Twenty-three alien marine species eroides pachygaster (G. Ioannou & N. Michai- have been reported since 2005 (although lidis, pers. observ.). The two Rhodophyta this may be partly due to point (2) be- were characterized as cryptogenic, two of low). The rate of new biological inva- the fish were of Atlantic origin (E. anatina sions in the Mediterranean Sea is high and S. pachygaster) and the rest of Indo-Pa- and has been estimated at 1 new species cific origin. Two of the fish species (E. anati- every 9 days (ZENETOS et al., 2008). na and S. sihama) were casual records, while These species are mostly introduced via the rest are considered established. the Suez Canal and their successful es- The number of alien marine species re- tablishment is believed to have been as- ported in a country is largely dependent sisted in recent years by climate change on the scientific effort directed towards (OCCHIPINTI-AMBROGI, 2007). recording alien species, and on the available 2. More intense research in the field in re- expertise. For example, the markedly low cent years and rapid publication. The number of alien polychaetes from Syria (Fig. awareness and response of the scientif- 2) is attributed rather to the lack of focussed ic community to the issue of alien marine research on these taxa than to the absence invasions has resulted in taxonomic com- of alien polychates from Syrian coastal wa- petence and multinational collaboration ters. Similarly, the observed low numbers of in related projects/publications. Databas- reported alien marine species from Cyprus es of alien marine species have been cre- on many taxonomic groups such as crus- ated (e.g., Si.Di.Mar, 2008; HCMR, 2009; taceans, fish, and molluscs, in comparison DAISIE, 2009; ELNAIS, 2009) and elec- to the neighbouring countries of the Le- tronic scientific journals promote prompt vantine Sea (Fig. 2), indicates a lack of rel- publication of findings related to alien evant information. A directed survey to record marine species (e.g., Aquatic Invasions, the distribution of alien marine species in Journal of the Marine Biological Asso- Cypriot waters will surely uncover many ciation of the UK – Biodiversity Records, more species than the 126 reported here, es- Mediterranean Marine Science) pecially molluscs, fish, crustaceans, and phy- (GKOUVOUSI & ZENETOS, 2009). tobenthic species. 3. A more thorough investigation of the lit- Additionally, the relatively low number erature. Scientific publications and grey of alien marine species may be partly due to literature that were not taken into ac- the insular character of Cyprus. According count in the previous inventories were to the theory of island biogeography included in the present review. (MACARTHUR & WILSON, 2001), among 4. New records based on personal obser- the factors that influence species richness vations of the authors. Eight species not on islands is their location relative to ocean previously reported elsewhere have been currents. The general circulation in the Le-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | vantine Sea is described as a counter clock- vaded the entire basin of the Mediterranean wise flow along the Libyo-Egyptian and Mid- Sea within the last 18 years. The rate of ex- dle East slopes (GERIN et al., 2009). The pansion for C. racemosa appears to be among isolation of Cyprus, with a minimum dis- the most significant ever recorded for an in- tance of 70 km from the continent and the vasive species (KLEIN & VERLAQUE, lack of a strong connecting current with the 2008). It has stolons that can quickly elon- Levant coast, is a barrier for many species gate, and easily overgrow other macroal- in successfully colonising the island (BEN- gal (PIAZZI et al., 1997) or invertebrate ELIAHU & PAYIATAS, 1999). Thus, trans- species (KRU IC’ et al., 2008) and poses a ported by the current, marine alien species substantial threat to biodiversity. In Cyprus, entering through the Suez Canal progres- it has rapidly expanded forming extensive sively advance along the coastline through mats and causing changes in macrofaunal Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and assemblages (ARGYROU et al., 1999). Greece. The colonization of Cyprus by those All four invasive fish (F. commersonii, species may be hindered by water circula- L. sceleratus, S. luridus, and S. rivulatus) are tion. quite abundant and represent a substan- The established (and invasive) species tial portion of the catches of the coastal fleet. in Cypriot waters are expected to increase F. commersonii is a high order carnivore and in the future, as they currently represent a has been nicknamed the "Lessepsian sprint- small percentage of the established alien er" (KARACHLE et al., 2004) due to its very species in the Levantine basin. The alien rapid spread and successful establishment species introduced via the Suez Canal are in the Mediterranean Sea, reaching as far thermophilic species, and it is likely that an as Spain (SANCHEZ-TOCINO, 2007) with- increasing seawater temperature will favour in less than a decade from its introduction their reproduction, growth, survival, and thus into the Mediterranean Sea. The invasion establishment in the area. Such an increase of F. commersonii is expected to have a of established alien marine species is ex- significant impact on the composition of the pected to have an adverse impact on the state native ichthyofauna. of many native populations as well as an un- L. sceleratus, although a relative new in- predictable impact on fisheries and local vader (first record in the Mediterranean Sea economies. was in 2003 by AKYOL et al., 2005), has be- Twelve established species were char- come abundant and well-established in the acterized as invasive. Apart from Trochus Levantine basin. In Cyprus this species has erithreus, the other eleven species (Caulerpa a significant negative impact on the artisanal racemosa var. cylindracea, Cerithium scabridum, fisheries, since it often damages both the Strombus persicus, Brachidontes pharaonis, fishing gear and the catch of the fishermen Pinctada radiata, Pseudonereis anomala, with its powerful jaws (DFMR, 2008). In Charybdis helleri, Fistularia commersonii, some areas, many fishermen have even al- Lagocephalus sceleratus, Siganus luridus, and tered their fishing methods (gear, depths, Siganus rivulatus) are included in the list of time of the day, etc.) in order to avoid in- the 100 ‘Worst Invasives’ in the Mediter- teraction with this species (G. Ioannou & ranean (STREFTARIS & ZENETOS, 2006). N. Michailidis, pers. observ.). L. sceleratus C. racemosa var. cylindracea exhibited has also a potential risk to humans, since it an excessive rate of proliferation and has in- contains tetrodotoxin, which may cause poi-

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | soning and even death (BENTUR et al, 2008; alien species and their potential impact on KATIKOU et al., 2009). the island. The two species of siganid fish, Siganus rivulatus and S. luridus have become dom- Acknowledgements inant in many eastern Mediterranean coastal areas. They compete with the two main na- We gratefully acknowledge the contri- tive herbivores, Sparisoma cretense (Lin- bution of the following colleagues who pro- naeus, 1758) and Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, vided their latest publications, clarifications, 1758) and it seems that they have replaced and comments at various stages: Murat Bile- the latter in many areas (BARICHE et al., cenoglu (Turkey), Melih Ertan inar 2004). These two siganids have altered the (Turkey), ükran Cirik (Turkey), Angelos community structure and the native food Hannides (Cyprus), Roland Houart (Bel- web along the Levantine rocky infralit- gium), Unsal Karhan (Turkey), Martin Langer toral zone (GALIL, 2007b). In 2008, these (Germany), Henk Mienis (Israel), Francis two species represented 4.6% in weight of Dov Por (Israel), Evi Vardala-Theodorou the total catch of the Cypriot artisanal fish- (Greece), George Tornaritis (Cyprus), Ba- eries (DFMR, 2008). ki Yokes (Turkey), Helmut Zibrowius Most of the invasive molluscs are ‘old (France). The comments made by three invaders’ in Cyprus and have successfully anonymous reviewers contributed to the spread, altering the biocommunity structure quality improvement of the manuscript. and impacting on native species. Some of them (Strombus persicus and Pinctada ra- References diata) are edible and are being exploited for human consumption in certain areas A IK, S., MURINA, G.V., INAR, M.E. (STREFTARIS & ZENETOS, 2006; & ERGEN, Z., 2005. Sipunculans from KATSANEVAKIS et al., 2008). the coast of northern Cyprus (eastern The polychaete Pseudonereis anomala Mediterranean Sea). Zootaxa, 1077: 1-23. and the crab Charybdis helleri have reached AKYOL, O., UNAL, V., CEYHAN, T. & high population densities in many localities BILECENOGLU M., 2005. First con- in Cyprus, impacting native species and af- firmed record of Lagocephalus scelera- fecting benthic biodiversity. tus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Mediterranean It is foreseen that the impact of alien Sea. Journal of fish biology, 66: 1183- species will intensify in the future in all 1186. Mediterranean countries but especially in ARGYROU, M., 2000. The "Cladophora" the Levantine basin. The present study serves phenomenon in the coastal waters of as a tool in the effort to monitor the expan- Cyprus. Proceedings of the First Mediter- sion of alien species in Cyprus and may be ranean Symposium on Marine Vegeta- utilized as a baseline for future assessments. tion. Ajaccio, France, 3-4 October 2000, Although the present inventory has sub- p. 69-73. stantially added to our previous knowledge ARGYROU, M., DEMETROPOULOS, of the extent of alien invasions in Cyprus, it A. & HADJICHRISTOPHOROU, M., is probably still an underestimation of the 1999. Expansion of the macroalga Cauler- actual situation. Further directed effort is pa racemosa and changes in softbottom needed to assess the number of established macrofaunal assemblages in Moni Bay,

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Submitted: July 2009 Accepted: August 2009 Published on line: October 2009

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | (continued) 2000 2000 1997 2008 2008 2008 et al., et al., 2000 2000 2000 2000 et al., et al., et al., et al., et al., et al., et al., et al., PHOROU Reference stablishment Cryptogenic K. TSIAMIS, pers. observ. (fouling) shipping (fouling) Introduction Success Made of E ANNEX 1: Alien marine species reported from Cyprus. 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez Casual VERLAQUE 1991 SW Australia aquarium Invasive HADJICHRISTO- Year of sighting requienii f. (J. Agardh) 1992 Indo-Pacific Suez Cryptogenic VERLAQUE (Sonder) Verlaque, (Montagne) Kützing 1991 Indo-Pacific Suez Casual ARGYROU, 2000 (Delile) Papenfuss 1997 Indian Ocean Suez Cryptogenic CIRIK (B_rgesen) M.S. Kim 2008 Atlantic (Montagne) F. Schmitz 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez / Shipping Established CIRIK turbinata lamourouxii (J. Agardh) Falkenberg 2008 Atlantic aquaculture Cryptogenic K. TSIAMIS, pers. observ. (J.V. Lamouroux) K.C. Fan 1997 Indian Ocean Suez Cryptogenic CIRIK cylindracea Kapraun & J.N. Norris 2008 N. Atlantic/Indo-Pacific shipping Questionable TASKIN (Hollenberg) 2008 Indo-Pacific shipping (fouling) Casual TASKIN (Hudson) Greville 2008 N. Atlantic fishing nets Cryptogenic TASKIN Harvey 1998 Australia shipping (fouling) Casual CIRIK var. var. var. patentiramea cf Eubank - uvifera (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Cladophora (Montagne) Weber-van Bosse Caulerpa racemosa Caulerpa racemosa Huisman & Boudouresque MARINE SPECIES first Origin Chlorophyta Caulerpa racemosa Womersleyella setacea Polysiphonia fucoides & I.K. Lee Polysiphonia atlantica Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa & Yung C. Wang Lophocladia lallemandii Asparagopsis armata Chondria coerulescens Ganonema farinosum PHYTOBENTHOS Rhodophyta Acanthophora nayadiformis

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | (continued) MIDT, 1973, cited in POR, 1978 Reference BEN-ELIAHU & PAYIATAS, 1999 BOUDOURESQUE, 1991 2000; M. Langer, pers. commun. BEN-ELIAHU & PAYIATAS, 1999 BEN-ELIAHU & PAYIATAS, 1999 stablishment Introduction Success Made of E sighting Year of a a (Grube, 1869) 1998 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Established INAR, 2005 Schultze, 1858 1964 Black Sea shipping Established KIMOR & BERDUGO, 1967 (Buchinger ex Kützing) 1990 Red Sea Suez Established VERLAQUE & (Forssk l, 1775) 1903 Indo-Pacific Suez Established MAAS, 1903 (Grube, 1868) 1998 Indian Ocean Suez/shipping Established Larsen, 1976 1976 Indo-Pacific/Atlantic Suez Cryptogenic LANGER & HOTTINGER, Kinberg, 1866 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez Established INAR, 2005 Galil, 1990 1995 Red Sea Suez Established GALIL, 2006 (McIntsosh, 1885) 1998 Pacific/Atlantic Suez/shipping Established INAR, 2009 (Forssk l) Ascherson 1967 Red Sea Suez Established LIPKIN, 1975 (Verrill, 1873) 1997 North West Atlantic shipping Questionable (Haswell, 1883) 1996 circumtropical shipping Established Agassiz & Mayer, 1899 1972 Indo-Pacific Suez Questionable SCH Grube, 1870 1968 Pacific Ocean Suez Questionable BEN-ELIAHU, 1972 Langerhans, 1879 1998 Atlantic shipping Established INAR & ERGEN, 2003 MARINE SPECIES first Origin Hydroides elegans Hydroides dianthus Ceratonereis mirabilis Eusyllis kupfferi ANNELIDA Branchiomma bairdi Branchiomma luctuosum Hydrozoa Laodicea fijiana Spermatophyta Halophila stipulacea PHYTOPLANKTON Pseudosolenia calvar-avis CNIDARIA Scyphozoa Cassiopeia andromeda Rhopilema nomadica FORAMINIFERA Amphistegina lobifera Phaeophyta Stypopodium schimperi Verlaque & Boudouresque Hydroides heterocerus Lysidice collaris

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | 128 Year of Made of Establishment MARINE SPECIES first Origin Reference Introduction Success sighting http://epublishing.ekt.gr Metasychis gotoi (Izuka, 1902) 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Established INAR, 2005 Notomastus aberans Day, 1957 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez Established INAR, 2005 Notomastus mossambicus (Thomassin, 1970) 1997 Pacific Ocean Suez Established INAR, 2005 Oenone cf. fulgida (Savigny, 1818) 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez Casual INAR, 2005 Pista unibranchiata Day, 1963 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez Established INAR, 2005 Pseudonereis anomala (Gravier, 1900) 1969 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Invasive BEN-ELIAHU, 1972 Linopherus canariensis Langerhans, 1881 1997 Atlantic Shipping Established INAR, 2009 Sphaerosyllis longipapillata Hartmann-Schröder & 1997 Pacific Ocean Suez/shipping Casual INAR et al., 2003 |e-Publisher: EKT |Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Hartmann, 1979 Spirobranchus tetraceros (Schmarda, 1861) 1996 circumtropical Suez/shipping Established BEN-ELIAHU & PAYIATAS, 1999 Spirorbis marioni Caullery and Mesnil, 1997 1998 East Pacific shipping Casual ZIBROWIUS, 2002 Terebella ehrenbergi Grube, 1870 1969 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Questionable BEN-ELIAHU, 1972 CRUSTACEA Isopoda Apanthura sandalensis Stebbing, 1900 1998 South Africa Suez Established H. ZIBROWIUS, pers comm. Amphipoda Maera hamigera Haswell, 1879 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez Established KOCATA et al., 2001 Decapoda Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 1964 West Atlantic Gibraltar/shipping Established DEMETROPOULOS & NEOCLEOUS, 1969 Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/2, 2009, 109-133 2009, 10/2, Sci., Mar. Medit. Charybdis helleri (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) 1998 Indo-West Pacific Suez/shipping Invasive GALIL et al., 2002 Charybdis longicollis Leene, 1938 1986 Indian Ocean Suez Established LEWINSOHN & HOLTHUIS, 1986 Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888) 1961 Indo-Pacific Suez/aquaculture Established DEMETROPOULOS & NEOCLEOUS, 1969 Metapenaeopsis aegyptia Galil & Golani, 1990 2004 Indo Pacific Suez Established KIRMIRTZOGLOU et al., 2006

(continued) Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/2, 2009, 109-133 2009, 10/2, Sci., Mar. Medit. Year of Made of Establishment MARINE SPECIES first Origin Reference Introduction Success sighting http://epublishing.ekt.gr Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798) 1961 Indo-West Pacific Suez Established DEMETROPOULOS & NEOCLEOUS, 1969 Pilumnopeus vauquelini (Audouin, 1826) 1963 Indian Ocean Suez Established GALIL, 2006 Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1958 Indo Pacific Suez/shipping Established ELTON, 1958 Thalamita poissonii (Audouin, 1826) 1969 Indo-West Pacific Suez Cryptogenic GILAT E in POR, 1978; GITARAKOS et al., 2007 Stomatopoda Erugosquilla massavensis (Kossmann, 1880) 1963 Indian Ocean Suez Established INGLE, 1963 |e-Publisher: EKT |Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Acteocina mucronata (Philippi, 1849) 1992 Red Sea Suez Casual CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1994 Alvania dorbignyi (Audouin, 1826) 1985 Cosmopolitan Suez? Cryptogenic BOGI et al., 1989 Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 2004 Circumtropical unknown Established YOKES, 2006 Bulla ampulla Linnaeus, 1758 2000 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Casual ZENETOS et al., 2004 Clathrofenella perparvula (Watson, 1886) 1995 Indo-Pacific Suez Casual CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1995 Cerithiopsis pulvis (Melvill, 1896) 1985 Red Sea Suez Casual BOGI et al., 1989 Cerithiopsis tenthrenois Pilsbry & Vannata, 1906 1985 Indian Ocean Suez? Established TORNARITIS, 1987 Cerithium nesioticum Philippi, 1848 1985 Indian Ocean Suez? Casual BOGI et al., 1989 Cerithium scabridum (Watson 1886) 1983 Indian Ocean Suez/shipping Invasive FISCHER, 1993 Chrysallida maiae (Hornung & Mermod, 1924) 1995 Red Sea Suez Casual BUZZURO & GREPPI, 1997 Cingulina isseli (Tryon, 1886) 1998 Subtropical Suez? Casual ZENETOS et al., 2004 Cycloscala hyalina (Sowerby, 1844) 1992 Indo Pacific unknown Casual CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1994 Cylichnina girardi (Audouin, 1826) 1996 Indo-Pacific Suez Casual CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1996 Ergalatax junionae Houart, 2008 1993 Indian Ocean Suez Established BUZZURO & GREPPI, 1997 Finella pupoides A. Adams, 1860 1996 Indo-Pacific Suez Established CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1996 129 (continued) 130 Year of Made of Establishment MARINE SPECIES first Origin Reference Introduction Success sighting http://epublishing.ekt.gr Leucotina natalensis Smith, 1910 1996 Indo Pacific Suez Casual CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1996 Melibe viridis (Kelaart, 1858) 2007 Indo-Pacific shipping Casual SANCHEZ VILLAREJO, 2007 Metaxia bacillum (Issel, 1869) <1995 Red Sea Suez? Casual CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1995 Purpuradusta gracilis notata (Gill, 1858) 2000 Indian Ocean Suez? Established ZENETOS et al., 2004 Pyrunculus fourierii (Audouin, 1826) 1995 Indo Pacific Suez Casual BUZZURO & GREPPI, 1997 Rhinoclavis kochi (Philippi, 1848) 1976 Indo Pacific Suez Established DEMETROPOULOS & HADJICHRISTOPHOROU, 1976 Rissoina bertholleti Issel, 1869 1985 Indian Ocean Suez Casual BOGI et al., 1989 |e-Publisher: EKT |Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Smaragdia souverbiana (Montrouzier, 1863) 1995 Indo Pacific Suez Casual BUZZURO & GREPPI, 1997 Sticteulima cf. lentiginosa (A. Adams, 1861) 1995 Indo-Pacific Suez Casual BUZZURO & GREPPI, 1997 Strombus persicus Swainson, 1821 (Roeding, 1798) 1985 Indian Ocean Suez/shipping Invasive BAZZOCCHI, 1985 Syrnola fasciata (Jickeli, 1882) 1995 Indo-Pacific Suez? Casual NOFRONI & TRINGALI, 1995 Thais lacera (von Born, 1778) 1988 Indian Ocean Suez/shipping Casual HOUART, 2001 Trochus erithreus Brocchi, 1821 1985 Indian Ocean Suez Invasive TORNARITIS, 1987 Turbonilla edgarii Brocchi, 1821 1996 Indo-Pacific Suez? Casual CECALUPO & QUADRI, 1996 savignyi (Moazzo, 1939) 1995 Red Sea Suez Established BUZZURO & GREPPI, 1997 Zafra selasphora (Melvill & Standen, 1901) 1995 Indian Ocean Suez? Casual BUZZURO & GREPPI, 1997 Bivalvia Brachidontes pharaonis (Fischer P., 1870) 1960 Indian Ocean Suez/shipping Invasive H. MIENIS, pers. comm.; TORNARITIS, 1987 Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/2, 2009, 109-133 2009, 10/2, Sci., Mar. Medit. Chama pacifica Broderip, 1834 1998 Indo-Pacific Suez Established ZENETOS et al., 2004 Dendrostrea frons (Linnaeus, 1758) 2008 Indo-Pacific shipping Established ZENETOS et al., 2009 Fulvia fragilis (Forssk l in Niebuhr, 1775) 1983 Indian Ocean Suez/shipping Established FISCHER, 1993 Gafrarium pectinatum (Linnaeus, 1758) 2005 Indo-Pacific Suez Established ZENETOS et al., 2009 Malvufundus regulus (Forssk l, 1775) 1970 Indo-Pacific Suez Established DEMETROPOULOS, 1971

a

a (continued) Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/2, 2009, 109-133 2009, 10/2, Sci., Mar. Medit. Year of Made of Establishment MARINE SPECIES first Origin Reference Introduction Success sighting http://epublishing.ekt.gr Paphia textile (Gmelin, 1791) 2004 Indo-Pacific Suez Established ZENETOS et al., 2009 Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) 1899 Indo-Pacific Suez/aquaculture Invasive MONTEROSATO, 1899 Psammotreta praerupta (Salisbury, 1934) 2009 Indo-Pacific Suez? Casual ZENETOS et al., 2009 Septifer forskali (Dunker, 1855) 2005 Indian Ocean Suez/shipping Established ZENETOS et al., 2009 Spondylus spinosus Schreibers, 1793 2001 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Established ZENETOS et al., 2009 ECHINODERMATA Holothuroidea Synaptula reciprocans (Forssk l, 1775) 1986 Indo-Pacific Suez Established CHERBONNIER, 1986 |e-Publisher: EKT |Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Ophiuroidea Ophiactis parva Mortensen,a 1926 <2002 Red Sea Suez Established ZIBROWIUS, 2002 Ophiactis savignyi Müller & <2002 Circumtropical Suez Established ZIBROWIUS, 2002 Troschel, 1842 SIPUNCULA Phascolosoma scolops (Selenka & de Man, 1883) 1998 Tropical/subtropical Suez/shipping Established ACIK et al., 2005 CHORDATA Ascidiacea Herdmania momus (Savigny 1816) 1998 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Established NISHIKAWA, 2002 PISCES Chondrichthyes Himantura uarnak (Forssk l, 1775) 1994 Indo-West Pacific Suez Questionable LAST & STEVENS, 1994 Osteichthyes Alepes djedaba (Forssk l, 1775) 1964 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Established DEMETROPOULOS & NEOCLEOUS, 1969 Apogon pharaonis Bellotti, 1874 1964 Indo-Pacific Suez Established DEMETROPOULOS & a NEOCLEOUS, 1969

a 131 (continued) 132 Year of Made of Establishment MARINE SPECIES first Origin Reference Introduction Success sighting http://epublishing.ekt.gr Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster in Bloch 1929 Indo-Pacific Suez Established NORMAN, 1929; and Schneider, 1801) DEMETROPOULOS & NEOCLEOUS, 1969 Dussumieria elopsoides Bleeker, 1849 1985 Indo-Pacific Suez Established WHITEHEAD, 1985; GITARAKOS et al. 2007 Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1838) 2008 Atlantic Gibraltar Casual G. IOANNOU & N. MICHAILIDIS, pers. observ. Etrumeus teres (DeKay, 1848) 1999 Indo-Pacific Suez Established GOLANI, 2000 |e-Publisher: EKT |Downloaded at 23/12/2020 21:46:20 | Fistularia commersonii (Rüppell, 1835) 1999 Indo-Pacific Suez Invasive WIRTZ & DEBELIUS, 2003 Hemiramphus far (Forssk l, 1775) 1964 Indo-Pacific Suez Established DEMETROPOULOS & NEOCLEOUS, 1969 Herklotsichthys punctatus (Rüppell, 1837) 1985 Red Sea Suez Casual WHITEHEAD, 1985 a Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin 1789) 2004 Indo-Pacific Suez Invasive DFMR (2006) Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson, 1844) 2006 Indo-Pacific Suez Established G. IOANNOU & N. MICHAILIDIS, pers. observ. Lagocephalus suezensis Clark & Gohar, 1953 2007 Red Sea Suez Established G. IOANNOU & N. MICHAILIDIS, pers. observ. Leiognathus klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898) 1961 Red Sea Suez Established FODERA, 1961 Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes, 1846) <2002 Indo-Pacific Suez Established GOLANI et al., 2002 Pempheris vanicolensis (Cuvier 1831) 1995 Indo-Pacific Established TORCU et al., 2001 Medit. Mar. Sci., 10/2, 2009, 109-133 2009, 10/2, Sci., Mar. Medit. Pteragogus pelycus Randall, 1981 1997 Indo-Pacific Suez Established KAYA et al., 2000 Sargocentron rubrum (Forssk l, 1775) 1961 Indo-Pacific Suez Established FODERA, 1961 Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848) 1960 Indo-Pacific Suez Established BEN TUVIA, 1962 Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800) 2008 Indo-Pacific Suez Established G. IOANNOU & N. MICHAILIDIS, pers. observ.

a

(continued) 2007 et al., 2007 Reference NEOCLEOUS, 1969 et al., NEOCLEOUS, 1969 NEOCLEOUS, 1969 MICHAILIDIS, pers. observ. stablishment Introduction Success Made of E (temperate and tropical seas) MICHAILIDIS, pers. observ. sighting Year of (Müller & Troschel, 1848) 2005 Circumglobal Gibraltar Established G. IOANNOU & N. a Klunzinger, 1884 1964 Indo-Pacific Suez Established DEMETROPOULOS & a Fraser-Brunner, 1940 1935 Indo-Pacific Suez/shipping Established HORNELL, 1935; GITARAKOS (Bleeker, 1855) 1964 Indo-Pacific Suez Established DEMETROPOULOS & Forssk l, 1775 1928 Indo-Pacific Suez Invasive NORMAN, 1929 (Rüppell, 1829) 1964 Indo-Pacific Suez Invasive DEMETROPOULOS & (Forssk l, 1775) 2009 Indo-Pacific Suez Casual G. IOANNOU & N. Ben-Tuvia & Golani, 1989 2004 Indo-Pacific Suez Established TZOMOS MARINE SPECIES first Origin Stephanolepis diaspros Upeneus moluccensis Upeneus pori Siganus luridus Siganus rivulatus Sillago sihama Sphoeroides pachygaster Sphyraena chrysotaenia

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