Latin Aeneid Outline Book IX Page 1

1-76 Turnus, urged by Juno through Iris, attacks the Trojan camp, but the Trojans refuse to fight. 1-13 Sent by Juno to Turnus in the grove of his grandfather Pilumnus, IRIS: “Now is the time to attack the Trojans, while Aeneas is absent. Strike now.” 14-24 TURNUS replies: “Iris, who sent you? I see the omen and am ready to attack.” He then prays to the gods. 25-34 The Italian army advances with its leaders, like the Ganges or Nile Rivers at full flood. 35-46 When CAICUS shouts: “The enemy are coming. Come inside and man the walls.” The Trojans obey and stay inside because Aeneas ordered this course of action. 47-57 TURNUS advances towards the wall, challenging his man by saying: “Will there be any one to go against the enemy first with me?” They all advance and taunt the Trojans in their camp. 57-76 Turnus seeks a way to attack and is compared to a wolf stalking around a sheep fold. Finally he decides to set fire to the ships on one side of the camp and sets the operation in motion. 77-122 Cybele saves the ships, formerly her trees on Mt. Ida, and they become sea nymphs in fulfillment of Jupiter’s promise. 77-79 Vergil invokes the muse to tell what god turned the fires away from the Trojan ships. 80-92 When Aeneas built his ships on Mt Ida, CYBELE asked Jupiter: “Son, grant that these trees, which I willingly give for Aeneas’ fleet, should never suffer shipwreck or damage from fire.” 93-106 JUPITER replies: “You cannot seek absolute protection for these ships, because there would then be no risk for Aeneas. But whatever ships reach Italy, I will turn into sea nymphs.” He then swears to this by the Styx. 107-122 When Turnus attacks the ships, a horrible VOICE FROM THE SKY declares: “Trojans, don’t defend the ships. Turnus will burn the sea before he burns my ships.” The ships, turned into nymphs, head out to sea, diving like dolphins into the sea. 123-175 Turnus rallies his troops with his interpretation of this event and they prepare for the battle next morning. 123-125 Messapus and his horses stop in terror and the Tiber itself turns back its flow to the sea. 126-133 TURNUS: “These omens attack the Trojans. Jupiter has taken away their usual help, saving the ships from our destruction. They have no place to flee, and there are so many peoples in Italy against them. 134-139 “I do not fear any oracles. It was only fated that Aeneas reach Italy, and he has. I have a fate, to kill their race when my bride is stolen, just like the Atridae. 140-145 “But they have suffered enough, losing Troy, some might argue. Then they should have learned to stay away from all women. These Trojans trust too much in walls. Do they not remember Neptune’s walls at Troy and their destruction? 146-158 “Men, who will join me in an attack on that camp? I don’t need arms from Vulcan or a thousand ships. Let all Etruria help me. They need not fear all the different tricks and treachery that the Greeks used at Troy. Now, since it is late in the day, rest now and get ready for tomorrow’s battle.” 159-167 Sentries are posted at each of the Trojan gates under the direction of Messapus; they spend the night feasting, drinking and playing games. 168-175 The Trojans, under the direction of Mnestheus and Serestus, left in charge by Aeneas, check and strengthen the defenses and man their various stations through the night. 176-502 The aristeia and tragic deaths of Nisus and Euryalus, and the aftermath. 176-183 Nisus and his close friend Euryalus, a young and very handsome young man, were stationed at one gate together, both eager for fighting. 184-187 NISUS: “Do the gods add this passion to our minds, or does each man call his passion a god? My mind has wanted to do some great deed for a long time now. 188-196 “You see how the Rutulians keep watch: their men are scattered, drunk and careless. My plan is to fetch Aeneas, as everyone wants done at once, if they promise me what I want, although for me personally the glory is enough.” 197-206 Stunned also by a desire for praise, EURYALUS: “Do you run from including me? My father trained me for such deeds and I have followed Aeneas through all dangers; I am a soul that is unafraid of death and that believes honor is well purchased at the cost of a life.” 207-218 NISUS: “I did not think you a coward, but only wanted you to live if some evil should kill me, for you deserve to live; I would want you to bury me if I should die, and you should not be a source of grief for your mother, who was the only woman not to remain behind in Sicily.” Latin Aeneid Outline Book IX Page 2

219-222 EURYALUS: “You weave empty reasons and I have not changed my mind. Let’s go.” 222-230 Waking others to take their place, Nisus and Euryalus head off towards Ascanius; even though the rest of the world was asleep, the Trojan leaders were meeting to discuss their plans in Aeneas’ absence. 230-233 Nisus and Euryalus enter, saying their message is important; Ascanius grants Nisus the right to speak. 234-245 NISUS: “Don’t judge our plan by our ages. We have seen how the Rutulians maintain their watch and we think that we can go through their sentries and reach Aeneas in Pallanteum. We will return here with spoils and a great slaughter accomplished, for we know the way from our hunting trips.” 246-256 In tears of joy, ALETES: “O gods, you are not preparing to destroy Troy if you provide us such brave young men. Your rewards shall the gods give, and Ascanius will give others also.” 257-266 ASCANIUS: “By the gods who are my protection, I place all my fortune in your hands and I will give you (Nisus) valued gifts when he is returned, even a crater bowl Dido gave.” 267-274 “If I get possession of Italy, I will give you the horse and weapons Turnus uses in battle, and my father will give twelve female slaves, armored men, and whatever fields Latinus owns himself. 275-280 “And you who are my own age (Euryalus), I will make you a full companion in all the glory and honor I win in the future.” 280-292 EURYALUS: “If fortune allows, time will find me equal to the task. But I ask only one thing. I leave my mother, from Priam’s ancient line, behind because I could not bear her tears. Comfort and help her while I go out more boldly to these daring deeds.” 292-302 When all weep, then, struck by this piety, ASCANIUS: “She will be treated as I would treat my own mother, and no less honor awaits her son on his safe return.” 303-313 Ascanius gives Euryalus his own sword and gives Nisus a lion skin; all the Trojan leaders accompany the young heroes to the gate, where Ascanius gives them many messages for his father, which the breezes take to scatter in the clouds. 314-323 As they make their way through the Rutulian lines, noticing the men asleep in drunken disorder, NISUS: “I must attack some of these men; the opportunity is too great to pass; You must keep guard and protect my back.” 324-334 Nisus slays Rhamnes, the augur of Turnus, whose prophetic powers were useless here, and Remus’ armor-bearer, with three servants, the charioteer, and then Remus himself, cutting off all their heads. 335-341 Nisus kills more, including Serranus, who would have been happy if he had played games all night. Like an unfed lion rampaging through a full sheepfold, so Nisus rages. 342-350 Euryalus slaughters no fewer men, including Rhoetus, who saw all the killing and hid behind a bowl, only to be slain by a sword through the breast. 351-356 As they approach Messapus’ friends and the end of the camp, sensing that they are caught up with blood lust, NISUS: “Let us leave, since dawn is approaching and our path lies open.” 357-366 Leaving many spoils behind, Euryalus takes the trappings, the belt of Rhamnes and the crested helmet of Messapus. 367-377 Meanwhile cavalry ride from the Latin city toward the Rutulian camp with a message for Turnus; they spot the two departing Trojans because of the flashing helmet and their leader VOLCENS shouts: “Stop! Who are you? Where are you going?” 377-385 As the Trojans run away without speaking, the cavalry encircles the woods and traps Euryalus, afraid and lost. 386-389 Nisus escapes to what will become Alba, where king Latinus had his stables, and finally realizes that his friend is missing. 390-398 NISUS: “Where did I leave you?” He then retraces his path until he hears the horses and the sounds of pursuit. Finally he sees Euryalus surrounded by the enemy and attempting to escape. 399-409 Considering his options and brandishing a spear, NISUS prays: “Diana, if my father and I have ever honored you with gifts, help me to confuse this crowd and guide my spear.” 410-415 The spear flies through and pierces the body of Sulmo from the back. 416-419 Encouraged by success Nisus hurls a second spear through the temples of Tagus. 420-424 Unable to find the man hurling the spears and turning to the captured Euryalus, VOLCENS: “You will pay the penalty for both their deaths.” Latin Aeneid Outline Book IX Page 3

424-430 Afraid and unable to bear his friend’s death, NISUS: “I am here, the one who did everything; he did nothing, I swear. He only loved his friend too much.” 431-437 Volcens’ sword plunges through Euryalus breast and the youth falls like a flower cut by a plow or a poppy weighed down by heavy rain. 438-445 Nisus charges through the man, battling to get at Volcens, whom he finally kills with a sword down his throat; then he dies, pierced through, over the body of his dead friend. 446-449 Vergil apostrophizes to the two dead heroes, promising that their fame will endure in Rome forever through his poetry. 450-458 The Rutulians carry the body of Volcens back to camp, where wailing arises as they survey the carnage wrought by Nisus and Euryalus. 459-472 At dawn Turnus summons his troops and marches to the Trojan camp, with the heads of Nisus and Euryalus stuck on spears; the Trojans on their ramparts recognize their friends’ bloody heads. 473-480 Rumor brings this information to Euryalus’ mother, who drops her work, tears her hair, and heads unafraid for the walls. 481-497 EURYALUS’ MOTHER: “Did you leave me all alone to become carrion for the vultures and dogs? Can I not perform a mother’s duty for your corpse, after following you to Italy? O Rutulians, kill me! O Jupiter, drive me to Tartarus, since I cannot otherwise die.” 498-502 All are shaken by this event and the Trojan strength falters until men, ordered by Ilioneus and Iulus, take her away. 503-589 The Rutulians attack the Trojan camp and Turnus kills several as many perish in the battle. 503-509 The Volsci lead the attack on the Trojan camp, seeking a weakness where the line of me is thinnest. 509-520 The Trojans, used to sieges, repel the attackers with stones and all manner of weapons until they retreat and shower arrows upon the walls. 521-524 Mezentius and Messapus are on the battlefield to rally the troops. 525-528(529) Vergil invokes Calliope to help him tell the carnage and deaths caused by Turnus. 530-544 The Trojan tower just outside the wall is attacked with full force; Turnus hurls a torch and sets it afire; as the men within rush away from the fire, the tower topples over, killing many. 544-555 Helenor and Lycus escape the tower’s collapse. The young Helenor, son of a slave and the Maeonian king, sees his situation; like a wild beast caught and surrounded by hunters that leaps towards the weapons in certain death, so Helenor charges the thickest of the Rutulian line. 556-566 Lycus makes for the Trojan wall, hoping to scramble to safety. TURNUS, hauling him down, rebukes him: “Did you hope to escape my hands, oh fool?” Turnus drags him down from the wall and slaughters him, like an eagle of Jupiter with some prey it has caught or a wolf of Mars with a lamb it has dragged from the stable. 566-589 The battle intensifies with mutual slaughter, culminating in the killing of a son of Arcens, a Sicilian ally of the Trojans, by Mezentius. 590-671 The aristeia of Ascanius and the death of Numanus Remulus 590-597 Ascanius stretches his first arrow in war when Numanus Remulus, Turnus’ brother-in- law, advances with words of reproach for the Trojans. 598-601 NUMANUS: “Are you not ashamed, o twice beaten Trojans, to stay within your walls? Look at these men who claim our women in war. What god or madness drove them to Italy? 602-613 “No sneaky Greeks here! Here is a manly race, dipped in icy water at birth and raised to hunt the forests, to tame horse and shoot arrows, farmers and warriors, even in our old age, for it is always good to get and to live off fresh plunder. 614-621 “But you dress in fancy clothes and enjoy dancing. You are Phrygian women; go dance to Cybele’s wild music on her mountains. Leave the weapons and war for the men.” 622-624 Ascanius does not tolerate these insults, stretches his bow and prays to Jupiter: 625-629 ASCANIUS: “Jupiter, give me your assent for my bold undertaking and I will sacrifice a young bull to you every year. 630-634 Jupiter thunders on the left as the arrow goes out and pierces the temples of Numanus’ head. 634-637 ASCANIUS: Go, mock courage! Here is the twice captured Phrygians’ reply.” The Trojans respond with a cheer and their courage is raised to the stars. Latin Aeneid Outline Book IX Page 4

638-644 Watching from the heavens, APOLLO addresses Ascanius/Iulus: “Hail, o blessed boy, the child of gods and the ancestor of gods! Your fame goes to the stars and your house will win all wars to come and will rule beyond Troy.” 644-652 Apollo descends from the heavens, disguises himself as Butes (Anchises’ armor-bearer and now assigned by Aeneas to accompany Ascanius), and approaches the boy. 653-658 APOLLO: “It is enough to kill Numanus. Apollo acknowledges you as his equal in archery; but now cease from the war.” Apollo then vanishes into thin air. 659-671 The Trojan leaders recognize the god’s presence and pull Ascanius away from battle. With their spirits renewed, the Trojans resume the fight and shower the field with spears and arrows, just like a fierce storm that sweeps in from the sea. 672-818 The aristeia of Turnus within the Trojan camp 672-682 Two Trojans, Pandarus and Bitias, open the gates in their charge. Like oak trees on the banks of rivers, the two men, confident of their strength, invite the enemy to fight. 683-690 The Rutulians charge, but are thrown back with their leaders slain by the rallying Trojans, 691-716 News reaches Turnus, who rushes to the gate. He slays Antiphates, Sarpedon’s son, with his spear; then he kills three more before he gets to Bitias, whom he kills with a massive spear. Pierced through his mighty armor, Bitias falls with the sound of giant rocks dumped into the sea. 717-730 Mars add courage and strength to the Latins and Pandarus decides to close the gate, but does not notice that Turnus has slipped in with the retreating Trojans. 731-739 As Turnus flashes out into view and is recognized, he is taunted by PANDARUS: “This is not Amata’s palace or your home town, but the enemy camp. There is no way out.” 740-742 Calmly, TURNUS: “Come fight me, if you have the courage. You can tell Priam that another Achilles has been found.” 743-746 Pandarus hurls his mighty spear; Juno turns it aside and it sticks in the gate. 747-755 TURNUS: “You will not escape me an my weapon.” He raises his spear and splits Pandarus’ head wide open with a killing blow. 756-761 The Trojans flee in panic, but Turnus’ madness and bloodlust make him not open the gate and let his men in, which would have ended the war and the Trojan race on that day. 762-777 Turnus goes on a rampage, killing many of the Trojans in their own camp. 778-787 Mnestheus and Serestus rally the Trojans. MENESTHEUS; “Where do you flee? What other place do we have? Shall one man, surrounded by our walls, kill so many? Have you no shame or pity for our country, our gods, and great Aeneas, you cowards? 788-798 The Trojans rally and press Turnus, who retreats towards the riverside of the camp, like a lion hemmed in by hunters who grudgingly backs away from the men. 799-808 Although he counter-attacks twice, Turnus is denied Juno’s help by the intervention of Jupiter through Iris. 809-818 With his helmet ringing from a fresh volley of arrows, exhausted and breathless Turnus leaps into the Tiber, which carries him back to safety with the marks of slaughter washed away.