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A Network Governance Approach to Transport-Land Use Integration: Evidence from Urumqi, China
A Network Governance Approach to Transport-Land Use Integration: Evidence from Urumqi, China Rui Mu Associate professor at Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road No. 2, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, China Tel: +86 13904119150 Fax: +86 411 84708554 Email: [email protected] Martin de Jong Professor at Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX, Delft, The Netherlands; Professor at Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Tel: +31 15 2788052 Email: [email protected] 1. Introduction Decades of rapid development has made China a global economic heavyweight, significantly increased personal disposable income, while led to the grandest urbanization process in history and caused a highly car-dependent urban transportation and sequentially serious environmental and congestion problems. Unlike before, urban residents are not only travelling longer distances, but also making more trips and relying on modes using fossil fuels (Wang 2011, 2013). Over the past ten years, the number of trips by public transport has been doubled but the transit modal split has fallen from approximately 60% to 30% in major Chinese cities (Mu and de Jong 2012, Jiang and Han 2009). Private car ownership has risen from 15 million in 2004 to 105 million in 2013, equal to 25000 new cars swarming into roads everyday (China Statistical Yearbook 2013). Consequently, travelling speeds on urban arterials during peak hours often drop below 15 km/h or even 10 km/h in large cities (Wang 2011, Marchau et al. 2008). Along with the tremendous change in urban transportation, the structures and processes of policy-making for urban transport are also shifting. -
China 2020 Crime & Safety Report: Shenyang
China 2020 Crime & Safety Report: Shenyang This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Consulate in Shenyang. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in the northeastern Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. For more in-depth information, review OSAC’s China country page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. Travel Advisory Note that the Regional Security Office submitted this report prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, and it represents a picture of the baseline security environment as of the beginning of 2020. The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication advises avoiding travel to China the novel coronavirus. However, the Travel Advisory in effect prior to the outbreak assessed China at Level 2, indicating travelers should Exercise increased caution in China due to arbitrary enforcement of local laws and special restrictions on dual U.S.-Chinese citizens. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System. Chinese authorities have asserted broad authority to prohibit U.S. citizens from leaving China by using exit bans, sometimes keeping U.S. citizens in China for years. China uses exit bans coercively: • to compel U.S. citizens to participate in Chinese government investigations; • to lure individuals back to China from abroad; and • to aid Chinese authorities in resolving civil disputes in favor of Chinese parties. In most cases, U.S. -
Shenyang and Dalian (Liaoning Province, China)
Delft University of Technology A Tale of Two Chinese Transit Metropolises and the Implementation of Their Policies: Shenyang and Dalian (Liaoning Province, China) Mu, Rui; de Jong, Martin DOI 10.3390/en11030481 Publication date 2018 Document Version Final published version Published in Energies Citation (APA) Mu, R., & de Jong, M. (2018). A Tale of Two Chinese Transit Metropolises and the Implementation of Their Policies: Shenyang and Dalian (Liaoning Province, China). Energies, 11(3), [481]. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11030481 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. energies Article A Tale of Two Chinese Transit Metropolises and the Implementation of Their Policies: Shenyang and Dalian (Liaoning Province, China) Rui Mu 1,* and Martin de Jong 2,3,* 1 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Ganjingzi -
China City Profiles 2012 an Overview of 20 Retail Locations
China City Profiles 2012 An Overview of 20 Retail Locations joneslanglasalle.com.cn China Retail Profiles 2012 The China market presents a compelling opportunity for retailers. China’s retail sector has long been firmly underpinned by solid demand fundamentals–massive population, rapid urbanization and an emerging consumer class. Annual private consumption has tripled in the last decade, and China is on track to become the world’s second largest consumer market by 2015. China’s consumer class will more than double from 198 million people today to 500 million by 2022, if we define it as people earning over USD 5,000 per annum in constant 2005 dollars. It is never too late to enter the China market. China’s economic growth model is undergoing a shift from investment- led growth to consumption-led growth. It is widely recognized that government-led investment, while effective in the short term, is not the solution to long-term growth. With its massive accumulated household savings and low household debt levels, China’s domestic consumption offers immense headroom for growth. China’s leaders are acutely aware of the urgency to effect changes now and are more eager than ever before to tap its consumers for growth. Already, the government has set in motion a comprehensive range of pro-consumption policies to orchestrate a consumption boom. Broadly, the wide-ranging policies include wage increases, tax adjustments, strengthening of the social safety net, job creation, promotion of urbanization and affordable housing. While the traditional long-term demand drivers–urbanization, rising wealth and robust income growth–remain firmly intact, China’s retail story has just been given a structural boost. -
Shenyang and Dalian (Liaoning Province, China)
energies Article A Tale of Two Chinese Transit Metropolises and the Implementation of Their Policies: Shenyang and Dalian (Liaoning Province, China) Rui Mu 1,* and Martin de Jong 2,3,* 1 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China 2 Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, Delft 2628BX, The Netherlands 3 School of International Relations & Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (M.d.J.); Tel.: +86-139-0411-9150 (R.M.); +31-15-278-8052 (M.d.J.) Received: 15 January 2018; Accepted: 22 February 2018; Published: 25 February 2018 Abstract: To promote sustainable urbanization and combat the economic, environmental, energy and safety issues that go with rapid motorization, the Ministry of Transport in China has introduced the “Transit Metropolis” program with a substantive amount of funds devoted to the implementation of the program in local governments. This represents the largest ever central government-led effort addressing transit metropolis development in the world. How has the program been implemented locally? Have the selected demonstration cities followed the same principle or taken comparable measures to implement their version of the transit metropolis? What is their performance? These questions remain unknown in the current literature. This article answers the above questions through a literature review, interviews and comparative case studies in Shenyang and Dalian, two large cities in Liaoning Province. It shows that both cities have successfully achieved the target levels for building a transit metropolis. -
A Novel Immunochromatographic Strips Assay for Rapid and Simple Detection of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A novel immunochromatographic strips assay for rapid and simple detection of systemic lupus erythematosus Yuhan Sun1,5, Zhi Li2,5, Wei Liang1, Yanlong Zhang3, Wanli Song1, Jiazhe Song1, Kai Xue1, Meiling Wang2, Wenying Sun2, Jianguo Gu4, Ming Li1 & Wenzhe Li1* Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-system autoimmune disease. Detection of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) is fundamental for the diagnosis of SLE. In the present study, we found that the level of core fucosylation catalyzed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) is markedly up-regulated on immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the sera of SLE patients detected by Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) blot. In sandwich Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA), the core fucosylation level was also found signifcantly increased in the sera from SLE patients with a higher ANA titer. To establish a rapid and sensitive laboratory test for the diagnosis of SLE, we prokaryotically expressed AOL and C3-D1-C3-D2-C3 of protein G (SpG3), and generate AOL- conjugated colloid gold immunochromatographic strips (ICS). The detection limit of core fucosylated IgG was 10 μg/mL for AOL-conjugated colloid gold ICS. As well as indirect immunofuorescence, the AOL-conjugated colloid gold ICS showed reliable results in the serum of 39 SLE patients. Our results indicated that the AOL-conjugated colloid gold ICS could serve as a rapid test for the detection of ANA and suspected cases of SLE. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of multifactorial genesis, which is characterized by clinical manifestations of SLE, the production of autoantibodies and the formation of immune complexes1. -
Road Travel Report: People's Republic of China
ROAD TRAVEL REPORT: PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA KNOW BEFORE YOU GO… Driving is on the right. However, drivers, cyclists and motorcyclists commonly drive on the left. Driving standard is poor. Many sources recommend renting a car and hiring a driver. Drive defensively and use seat belts. Road risk is high. Crashes are often fatal. Most traffic injuries involve pedestrians or cyclists. The number of U.S. citizens being fatally or China accounts for 13% of global road fatalities. seriously injured in road crashes in Beijing is increasing. China has an average of 3.5 times more road crash- related fatalities than the U.S. ROAD REALITIES DRIVER BEHAVIORS Common factors in road crashes: speeding, failing to Drivers who assault and seriously injure another road obey traffic signs and traffic lights, driving recklessly, user can be prosecuted. If road rage results in the failing to adjust to unexpected traffic situations, not person's death, the driver may receive the death yielding to pedestrians, driving in the wrong lane, penalty. passing illegally, driving while under the influence of Be prepared to brake quickly. Drivers seldom use turn alcohol, driving while fatigued or distracted and driver signals, and may "dive" into small gaps in traffic. negligence. If a driver enters your lane and you hit the side of Drink driving is declining sharply due to passage of their vehicle, you will be considered at fault. stricter DWI laws, specifying harsh penalties for Motorists and cyclists often turn at intersections or violating them and diligent enforcement of the laws. merge with traffic without yielding to oncoming traffic.