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Road Travel Report: People's Republic of China

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Road Travel Report: People's Republic of China ROAD TRAVEL REPORT: PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA KNOW BEFORE YOU GO… Driving is on the right. However, drivers, cyclists and motorcyclists commonly drive on the left. Driving standard is poor. Many sources recommend renting a car and hiring a driver. Drive defensively and use seat belts. Road risk is high. Crashes are often fatal. Most traffic injuries involve pedestrians or cyclists. The number of U.S. citizens being fatally or China accounts for 13% of global road fatalities. seriously injured in road crashes in Beijing is increasing. China has an average of 3.5 times more road crash- related fatalities than the U.S. ROAD REALITIES DRIVER BEHAVIORS Common factors in road crashes: speeding, failing to Drivers who assault and seriously injure another road obey traffic signs and traffic lights, driving recklessly, user can be prosecuted. If road rage results in the failing to adjust to unexpected traffic situations, not person's death, the driver may receive the death yielding to pedestrians, driving in the wrong lane, penalty. passing illegally, driving while under the influence of Be prepared to brake quickly. Drivers seldom use turn alcohol, driving while fatigued or distracted and driver signals, and may "dive" into small gaps in traffic. negligence. If a driver enters your lane and you hit the side of Drink driving is declining sharply due to passage of their vehicle, you will be considered at fault. stricter DWI laws, specifying harsh penalties for Motorists and cyclists often turn at intersections or violating them and diligent enforcement of the laws. merge with traffic without yielding to oncoming traffic. Drivers often run red lights, unless police are They may enter traffic from side streets, parking lots or present. alleys without looking. Increasing numbers of drivers are inexperienced. Often At intersections without lights or stop signs, drivers who results in confusing/unpredictable traffic conditions. do not make eye contact with other drivers are Poor road safety awareness, poor vehicle condition, indicating that they are taking right of way. poor road conditions and lack of road safety features are Drivers may ignore pedestrian crossings and/or use their also factors in road crashes. horn instead of their brakes. Many crashes involve drivers of overloaded trucks or Drivers may stop in the middle of the road to check a buses speeding on wet road surfaces. map or call for directions. They may drive on the wrong Unless barriers restrict their path, cyclists and side of the road or on sidewalks. motorcyclists are commonly ride in the middle of the Drivers seldom use seat belts. road into oncoming traffic. Pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and horse-drawn Many drivers drive aggressively. carts routinely travel the wrong direction on divided Road rage seldom occurs. highways. They generally use the shoulder. May travel close to center fence. ROAD TRAVEL REPORT: CHINA 1 © ASIRT 2011 Bicycles, motorcycles, tractors, etc., may be used to Provision for vulnerable road users is improving in carry or tow excessive amounts of goods. Overloading major cities, but often lacking on inter-city and rural makes vehicles unstable and difficult to control. roads. Cyclists, motorcyclists and some car drivers ignore one- Types of roads: way signs. Expressways (China National Highways) are high Crashes involving overloaded buses account for many quality roads linking major cities. road fatalities. Generally in good condition and well maintained. Overloaded trucks contribute to rapid deterioration of Have frequent exits. Exits are well signed. roads and bridges. Road signs are in Chinese and English, except on Jingshi Expressway and in some areas of Inner GENERAL ROAD CONDITIONS Mongolia where signs are in Mongolian and Chinese. Two-thirds of China is mountainous or semi-desert. Harsh climatic conditions and high seismic instability Warning signs, indicating potential dangers, are make road construction and maintenance challenging in posted. Few toll gate guards speak English. many regions. Bad weather and fog may contribute to road crashes China has 3.984 million km of roads, including 74,000 on some expressways. km of expressways. Often have digital displays to inform drivers of Construction of new roads and repair and upgrading of upcoming traffic jams, crashes, road construction existing roads is progressing rapidly. zones, adverse weather conditions, etc. Most Most main roads are paved; secondary roads vary from messages are only in Chinese. smooth paved surfaces to rough dirt roads. Service areas and gas stations are frequent on older All towns, townships and counties have some level of expressways and are increasingly common on newer road access. Road quality is improving. However, many expressways. secondary roads are low quality, and provisions for Speed limits are higher than on express routes, safety are often lacking or inadequate. except on a few of Beijing's expressways. Road network has grown rapidly in past decade. China Speed checks are often signposted. completed about 2 million km of rural roads and 35,000 Generally toll roads, except sections in Beijing. km of highways/expressways. However, roads are often Tolls are high. congested. Express routes link main cities in a region. Generally in Condition, maintenance and density of road network good condition. Speed limits are lower than on varies greatly in different geographical regions. Road expressways. conditions may deteriorate rapidly after turning off main Provincial roads are generally in fair condition and are roads. Even newly paved roads may have large cracks. fairly well maintained. May lack a central median, and Technical quality of many roads is inadequate, may be 2-lane. especially in western China and rural areas. Rural roads may be fair to poor condition. Many roads Roads in mountainous sections of southwestern have been upgraded. Roads in mountainous areas are China are often in poor condition. Road crashes are most likely to be in poor condition. frequent. Lane markings are often inadequate. Township-level roads may be restricted to foreign Visibility may be poor. visitors. Many maps do not distinguish between paved and Asian Highways (AH) are international routes being unpaved roads. developed to promote trade and travel within region, Traffic jams are common on arterial routes, especially with Europe and Middle East. Routes include existing near larger cities and at junctions of major highways. highways being or already upgraded to AH standards. Backups may last a few hours or a few days. Some sections may be in poor condition. Border Traffic signs are international. crossings on Asian Highways: Mixed traffic composition contributes to many crashes. Name of Border AH Route Name of bordering Road mix includes many pedestrians and cyclists, Number country rapidly growing numbers of motorcyclists, personal vehicles, buses and trucks. Heavily loaded freight Khunjerab Pass AH 4 Pakistan rickshaws often slow traffic and may contribute to road Choksum AH 42 Nepal crashes. Ruili AH 14 Myanmar ROAD TRAVEL REPORT: CHINA 2 © ASIRT 2011 Name of Border AH Route Name of bordering Roads linking main cities and many roads to tourist Number country destinations near Lhasa have been paved. Khunjerab Pass AH 4 Pakistan Roads in remote areas are often unpaved, potholed and in poor condition, dusty in dry season and often Choksum AH 42 Nepal impassible in rainy season, except by 4WD vehicles. Ruili AH 14 Myanmar Many roads and cities are affected by landslides, falling Daluo AH 3 Myanmar rocks, debris flows, avalanches and earthquakes. Region is subject to many natural disasters. Roads and Wangding AH 14 Myanmar bridges are often damaged; may temporarily close. Mengla AH 3 Lao PDR Cities most commonly affected: Lhasa, Xigaze, Pingxiang AH 1 Viet Nam Linzhi, and Zedang. Hekou AH 14 Viet Nam Roads most often affected: Sichuan-Tibet Highway, Tanu-Dongjiu section; Sino-Nepal Highway, sections Dongxing Viet Nam near Karu, Resa, Zhangmu and Zhangzangbo. Dandong AH 1 Democratic People's Snow avalanches commonly cause temporary Repbulic of Korea closures of the Sino-Nepal Highway from Nyalam to UNESCAP.org, "GENERAL INFORMATION: Zhangmu. Most Common from October to April. International Border Crossing Points" Tibet Travel Planner" provides online maps of Tibet at FUJIAN PROVINCE www.tibettravelplanner.com/mapsoftibet.htm. Also known as Fukien or Foukien Province. Mostly mountainous. Roads through mountainous areas URBAN TRAVEL are often steep and winding. Coastline is rugged and has Condition and maintenance of roads is good in larger many bays. cities. Main roads generally are wide and in good Good roads link larger cities in the province. Roads to condition. neighboring provinces are in good condition. Major cities are growing more rapidly in population, Rural villages often lack all-weather connections to the size and economy, than in any other nation. Congestion main road network. and scarce parking are common. Massive road building 10,000 km of rural roads have been improved. Travel projects have not kept pace with rapid growth in car and time on upgraded roads has decreased 58% and truck ownership. traffic volume has increased 127%. Traffic flow on main roads has reached 90% of roads' Roadside safety barriers are often lacking. capacity during peak travel times. Traffic jams and overcrowded public transport vehicles are increasingly Truck overloading is becoming less common. common. Expressways
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