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F:\RSS\Me\Society's Mathemarica
School of Social Sciences Economics Division University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK Discussion Papers in Economics and Econometrics Mathematics in the Statistical Society 1883-1933 John Aldrich No. 0919 This paper is available on our website http://www.southampton.ac.uk/socsci/economics/research/papers ISSN 0966-4246 Mathematics in the Statistical Society 1883-1933* John Aldrich Economics Division School of Social Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper considers the place of mathematical methods based on probability in the work of the London (later Royal) Statistical Society in the half-century 1883-1933. The end-points are chosen because mathematical work started to appear regularly in 1883 and 1933 saw the formation of the Industrial and Agricultural Research Section– to promote these particular applications was to encourage mathematical methods. In the period three movements are distinguished, associated with major figures in the history of mathematical statistics–F. Y. Edgeworth, Karl Pearson and R. A. Fisher. The first two movements were based on the conviction that the use of mathematical methods could transform the way the Society did its traditional work in economic/social statistics while the third movement was associated with an enlargement in the scope of statistics. The study tries to synthesise research based on the Society’s archives with research on the wider history of statistics. Key names : Arthur Bowley, F. Y. Edgeworth, R. A. Fisher, Egon Pearson, Karl Pearson, Ernest Snow, John Wishart, G. Udny Yule. Keywords : History of Statistics, Royal Statistical Society, mathematical methods. -
New Working Papers Series, Entitled “Working Papers in Technology Governance and Economic Dynamics”
Working Papers in Technology Governance and Economic Dynamics no. 74 the other canon foundation, Norway Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance CONTACT: Rainer Kattel, [email protected]; Wolfgang Drechsler, [email protected]; Erik S. Reinert, [email protected] 80 Economic Bestsellers before 1850: A Fresh Look at the History of Economic Thought Erik S. Reinert, Kenneth Carpenter, Fernanda A. Reinert, Sophus A. Reinert* MAY 2017 * E. Reinert, Tallinn University of Technology & The Other Canon Foundation, Norway; K. Car- penter, former librarian, Harvard University; F. Reinert, The Other Canon Foundation, Norway; S. Reinert, Harvard Business School. The authors are grateful to Dr. Debra Wallace, Managing Director, Baker Library Services and, Laura Linard, Director of Baker Library Special Collections, at Harvard Business School, where the Historical Collection now houses what was once the Kress Library, for their cooperation in this venture. Above all our thanks go to Olga Mikheeva at Tallinn University of Technology for her very efficient research assistance. Antiquarian book dealers often have more information on economics books than do academics, and our thanks go to Wilhelm Hohmann in Stuttgart, Robert H. Rubin in Brookline MA, Elvira Tasbach in Berlin, and, above all, to Ian Smith in London. We are also grateful for advice from Richard van den Berg, Francesco Boldizzoni, Patrick O’Brien, Alexandre Mendes Cunha, Bertram Schefold and Arild Sæther. Corresponding author [email protected] The core and backbone of this publication consists of the meticulous work of Kenneth Carpenter, librarian of the Kress Library at Harvard Busi- ness School starting in 1968 and later Assistant Director for Research Resources in the Harvard University Library and the Harvard College 1 Library. -
Cantillon and the Rise of Anti-Mercantilism
CANTILLON AND THE RISE OF ANTI-MERCANTILISM MARK THORNTON* Resumen: En este trabajo se pretende demostrar que Cantillon formó parte tanto del pensamiento como del movimiento antimercantilista de su época, influyendo en gran medida en el cambio de opinión en contra del mercantilismo que se fue fraguando de 1720 a 1734. Clasificación JEL: B110, B31, N010. Abstract: This article places Cantillon at the center of anti-mercantilist thought and the anti-mercantilist movements in London and Paris between the time of the Bubbles of 1720 and his murder in 1734 and it places his ideas at the turning point between the eras of mercantilism and antimercantilism. JEL classification: B110, B31, N010. «It seems to me that there is a connection between physiocracy and anti-mercantilism, or at any rate between Boisguilbert (1646-1714) and Quesnay (1694-1774), though it is not easy to say just what this connection was.» Martin Wolfe1 «In itself Cantillon’s (168?-1734?) was a contribution of real significance, and it would be difficult to find a more incisive prophet of nineteenth-century liberalism.» Robert B. Ekelund, Jr. and Robert F. Hébert2 * Dr. Mark Thorntorn, Senior Fellow, Ludwig von Mises Institute, [email protected] 1 Martin Wolfe, «French Views on Wealth and Taxes from the Middle Ages to the Old Regime,» Journal of Economic History 26 (1966): 466-483. 2 Robert B. Ekelund, Jr. and Robert F. Hébert. A History of Economic Theory and Method (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975): 44. Procesos de Mercado: Revista Europea de Economía Política Vol. VI, n.º 1, Primavera 2009, pp. -
The Skyscraper Curse Th E Mises Institute Dedicates This Volume to All of Its Generous Donors and Wishes to Thank These Patrons, in Particular
The Skyscraper Curse Th e Mises Institute dedicates this volume to all of its generous donors and wishes to thank these Patrons, in particular: Benefactor Mr. and Mrs. Gary J. Turpanjian Patrons Anonymous, Andrew S. Cofrin, Conant Family Foundation Christopher Engl, Jason Fane, Larry R. Gies, Jeff rey Harding, Arthur L. Loeb Mr. and Mrs. William Lowndes III, Brian E. Millsap, David B. Stern Donors Anonymous, Dr. John Bartel, Chris Becraft Richard N. Berger, Aaron Book, Edward Bowen, Remy Demarest Karin Domrowski, Jeff ery M. Doty, Peter J. Durfee Dr. Robert B. Ekelund, In Memory of Connie Th ornton Bill Eaton, Mr. and Mrs. John B. Estill, Donna and Willard Fischer Charles F. Hanes, Herbert L. Hansen, Adam W. Hogan Juliana and Hunter Hastings, Allen and Micah Houtz Albert L. Hunecke, Jr., Jim Klingler, Paul Libis Dr. Antonio A. Lloréns-Rivera, Mike and Jana Machaskee Joseph Edward Paul Melville, Matthew Miller David Nolan, Rafael A. Perez-Mera, MD Drs. Th omas W. Phillips and Leonora B. Phillips Margaret P. Reed, In Memory of Th omas S. Reed II, Th omas S. Ross Dr. Murray Sabrin, Henri Etel Skinner Carlton M. Smith, Murry K. Stegelmann, Dirck W. Storm Zachary Tatum, Joe Vierra, Mark Walker Brian J. Wilton, Mr. and Mrs. Walter F. Woodul III The Skyscraper Curse And How Austrian Economists Predicted Every Major Economic Crisis of the Last Century M ARK THORNTON M ISESI NSTITUTE AUBURN, ALABAMA Published 2018 by the Mises Institute. Th is work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Mises Institute 518 West Magnolia Ave. -
Gladstone and the Bank of England: a Study in Mid-Victorian Finance, 1833-1866
GLADSTONE AND THE BANK OF ENGLAND: A STUDY IN MID-VICTORIAN FINANCE, 1833-1866 Patricia Caernarv en-Smith, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: Denis Paz, Major Professor Adrian Lewis, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Laura Stern, Committee Member Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Caernarven-Smith, Patricia. Gladstone and the Bank of England: A Study in Mid- Victorian Finance, 1833-1866. Master of Arts (History), May 2007, 378 pp., 11 tables, bibliography, 275 titles. The topic of this thesis is the confrontations between William Gladstone and the Bank of England. These confrontations have remained a mystery to authors who noted them, but have generally been ignored by others. This thesis demonstrates that Gladstone’s measures taken against the Bank were reasonable, intelligent, and important for the development of nineteenth-century British government finance. To accomplish this task, this thesis refutes the opinions of three twentieth-century authors who have claimed that many of Gladstone’s measures, as well as his reading, were irrational, ridiculous, and impolitic. My primary sources include the Gladstone Diaries, with special attention to a little-used source, Volume 14, the indexes to the Diaries. The day-to-day Diaries and the indexes show how much Gladstone read about financial matters, and suggest that his actions were based to a large extent upon his reading. In addition, I have used Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates and nineteenth-century periodicals and books on banking and finance to understand the political and economic debates of the time. -
Laws of Wages
LAWS OF WAGES AN ESSAY IN STATISTICAL ECONONICS By Henry Ludwell Moore Economic Cycles Their Law & Cause [1914] Forecasting The Yield & The Price Of Cotton [1917] Generating Economic Cycles [1923] HENRY LUDWELL MOORE Synthetic Economics [I9291 PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 6c I1 progress0 dell' Economia politica dipenderh pel futuro in gran parte dalla ricerca di leggi em- piriche, ricavate dalla statistica, e che si parago- neranno poi colle leggi teoriche note, o che ne faranno conoscere di nuove." PARETO. New Pork: The Mecmillan Company, 1911 TO JOHN BATES CLARK IN ADMIRATION AND AFFECTION I DEDICATE THIS ESSAY CONTENTS PAGE Introduction . 1 CHAPTER I STATISTICAL LAWS A Scatter Diagram . 11 Definition of Terms . 15 Characteristics of Statistical Laws . , . 21 CHAPTER I1 WAGES, MEANS OF SUBSISTENCE, AND THE STANDARD OF LIFE Description of Data . 26 Wages and the Means of Subsistence . 29 Wages and the Standard of Life . 33 Wages of Skilled and of Unskilled Laborers . 39 CHAPTER I11 WAGES AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOR Description of Data . 45 Fluctuations in the Rate of Wages and in the Value of the Product . , . 46 Fluctuations in the Laborer's Relative Share of the Product and in the Ratio of Capital to Labor . 55 The General Trend of Wages . 61 vii Contents CHAPTER IV WAGES AND ABILITY PAGE An Hypothesis as to the Distribution of Ability. 74 Grounds for the Hypothesis . 76 The Expression of the Gaussian Law in a Form that will facili- tate the Testing of the Differential Theory of Wages . 78 The Standard Population . , . 82 The Application of the Theory of the Standard Population . -
MODES for Windows Print
Marshall Library of Economics J.N. Keynes Papers Sections 2 - 5 Identity code JNKeynes 2/1 Previous number Keynes 3(37-48) Description level 4 Record creation Date 8.6.1951 (postmark) Place Document form Record type Correspondence Specific type Envelope Language English Acquisition Summary Deposited by Mrs. J.N. [Florence Ada] Keynes Content Summary Envelope addressed to Mrs. F.A. Keynes, J.P., but address crossed out. Annotated in ink, in Mrs. Keynes's hand, "Letters in reference to 'Formal Logic' by J.N.K." Once contained letters now numbered JNKeynes 2/2 - 2/13. Free field Subject keywords JNKeynes - Studies and Exercises in Formal Logic Physical descript Summary Brown manila envelope, 229 mm x 151 mm Condition Somewhat creased; small tear and small red stain on reverse Identity code JNKeynes 2/2 Previous number Keynes 3(38) Description level 4 Record creation Person Role Writer Name Bryant, Sophie Descriptor Doctor of Science, Moral Science branch, London University Person Role Recipient Name Keynes, John Neville Descriptor Lecturer in Moral Science, Cambridge University Date 10.4.1884 Place London, N., 2 Anson Road Document form Record type Correspondence Specific type Letter Language English Acquisition Summary Deposited by Mrs. J.N. [Florence Ada] Keynes Content Summary Thanks Keynes for sending her copy of ['Studies and Exercises in] Formal Logic'. Compliments him on methodology. Subject keywords JNKeynes - Studies and Exercises in Formal Logic Physical descript Summary 1 sheet; 3 pp. text Condition Sound Publication record Type Reference Identity code JNKeynes 2/3 Previous number Keynes 3(37) Description level 4 Record creation Person Role Writer Name d'Alfonso, Nicolo Descriptor Professor of Philosophy Person Role Recipient Name Keynes, John Neville Descriptor Lecturer in Moral Science, Cambridge University Date 5.6.1886 Place Italy, Santa Severina di Calabria Document form Record type Correspondence Specific type Letter Language French Acquisition Summary Deposited by Mrs. -
Mundella Papers Scope
University of Sheffield Library. Special Collections and Archives Ref: MS 6 - 9, MS 22 Title: Mundella Papers Scope: The correspondence and other papers of Anthony John Mundella, Liberal M.P. for Sheffield, including other related correspondence, 1861 to 1932. Dates: 1861-1932 (also Leader Family correspondence 1848-1890) Level: Fonds Extent: 23 boxes Name of creator: Anthony John Mundella Administrative / biographical history: The content of the papers is mainly political, and consists largely of the correspondence of Mundella, a prominent Liberal M.P. of the later 19th century who attained Cabinet rank. Also included in the collection are letters, not involving Mundella, of the family of Robert Leader, acquired by Mundella’s daughter Maria Theresa who intended to write a biography of her father, and transcriptions by Maria Theresa of correspondence between Mundella and Robert Leader, John Daniel Leader and another Sheffield Liberal M.P., Henry Joseph Wilson. The collection does not include any of the business archives of Hine and Mundella. Anthony John Mundella (1825-1897) was born in Leicester of an Italian father and an English mother. After education at a National School he entered the hosiery trade, ultimately becoming a partner in the firm of Hine and Mundella of Nottingham. He became active in the political life of Nottingham, and after giving a series of public lectures in Sheffield was invited to contest the seat in the General Election of 1868. Mundella was Liberal M.P. for Sheffield from 1868 to 1885, and for the Brightside division of the Borough from November 1885 to his death in 1897. -
Banks As Accelerators of the Circulation of Money Laurent Le Maux
Banks as accelerators of the circulation of money Laurent Le Maux To cite this version: Laurent Le Maux. Banks as accelerators of the circulation of money. Eastern Economic Journal, 2015, 41 (4), 10.1057/eej.2014.75. hal-01397044 HAL Id: hal-01397044 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01397044 Submitted on 19 Nov 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Banks as accelerators of the circulation of money Laurent LE MAUX* February 2015 The money multiplier approach asserts that banks are unique in that they implement a creation of money, while the finance approach regards banking institutions as financial intermediaries among others. In retrospect, Cantillon’s Essai stands between these two extreme approaches. It both challenges the money multiplier approach and grants to banks a significant monetary role. The aim of the paper is to clarify Cantillon’s theoretical propositions on bank issuing of debts convertible on demand into money at face value and to explore further the proposition according to which banks contribute to accelerating the circulation of money. During the last century, the quantity theory, Old view, and monetarism developed the money multiplier approach and maintained that commercial banks are unique among financial institutions in that they increase the quantity of money at will, and, all things considered, act as creators of money (Fisher, 1911; Friedman, 1959; Pesek and Saving, 1968). -
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BOOK REVIEWS LudgER KöRntgEn and dOmInIK WaSSEnhOVEn (eds.), Re - ligion and Politics in the Middle Ages: Germany and England by Com - parison / Religion und Politik im Mittelalter: Deutschland und England im Vergleich , Prince albert Studies, 29 (Berlin: Walter de gruyter, 2013), 234 pp. ISBn 978 3 11 026204 9. € 99.95. uS$140.00 this volume brings together the papers given at the annual confer - ence of the Prince albert Society, held at Coburg in 2010. In keeping with the Society’s stated aim to promote research on anglo-german relations, the theme chosen was religion and politics in medieval England and germany. the papers cover a wide span of time, from Carolingian Francia to England and germany in the late middle ages, but are held together by a common interest in the complex inter relationship of religion and politics in these years. they vary greatly in length, with some constituting little more than fully refer - enced versions of the orally delivered paper (nelson, Ormrod, and Fößel), and others representing very substantial studies in their own right (görich and Weiler). after a brief preface detailing the background to the collection, the book begins with an introduction (presumably by the editors, though this is not clearly stated). an overview of the volume’s aims is given, as well as summaries of the individual papers. there is little attempt to saying anything new here and the exercise seems to be designed to help the casual reader pick out which article(s) might be of interest. In any case, the summaries given are fair and judicious, although there are a few egregious slips. -
Cantillon.Pdf
Working Paper 46 Money and the Real Economy: A Computational Search for Cantillon Effects * STEVEN DALEY AND RICHARD WAGNER Abstract Richard Cantillon's conjecture from 1735, that the particular path by which money is injected into an economy will exert real economic effects, is generally ignored in contemporary mone tary analysis, perhaps because it would seem to imply some tradeoff be tween inflation and unemployment in a natural rate model. In this working paper, Dr. Daley takes a computational approach to economic modeling and deve lop a formulation whereby the path of monetary injection exerts real economic effects within the framework of a natural rate model. In this computational model, real effects operate through variations in the structural pattern of economic activity, while leaving aggregate magnitudes approximately unchanged. (JEL: D5, E5) Keywords: Cantillon effects, neutral money, money injection * Steven Daley is a Mercatus Center Research Fellow and former Social Change Graduate Fellow at George Mason University. Richard Wagner is a professor at George Mason University. The ideas presented in this research are the authors' and do not represent official positions of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. Money and the Real Economy: A Computational Search for Cantillon Effects It is now nearly a quarter millennia since Richard Cantillon (1735) advanced his claim that the particular channel by which money enters an economy can exert significant real effects upon that economy. While a few commentators have noted Cantillon’s claim from time to time (for instance, Joseph Spengler (1954) and Oskar Morgernstern (1973)), that claim has pretty much remained becalmed in one of the backwaters of economic scholarship. -
The Scientific Rationality of Early Statistics, 1833–1877
The Scientific Rationality of Early Statistics, 1833–1877 Yasuhiro Okazawa St Catharine’s College This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. November 2018 Declaration Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text It does not exceed the prescribed word limit of 80,000 words for the Degree Committee of the Faculty of History. Yasuhiro Okazawa 13 November 2018 i Thesis Summary The Scientific Rationality of Early Statistics, 1833–1877 Yasuhiro Okazawa Summary This thesis examines the activities of the Statistical Society of London (SSL) and its contribution to early statistics—conceived as the science of humans in society—in Britain. The SSL as a collective entity played a crucial role in the formation of early statistics, as statisticians envisaged early statistics as a collaborative scientific project and prompted large-scale observation, which required cooperation among numerous statistical observers.