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Les Bibliothèques Universitaires Et Les Enjeux De L'open Access

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Les Bibliothèques Universitaires Et Les Enjeux De L'open Access Diplôme de conservatrice de bibliothèque Les bibliothèques universitaires et les enjeux de l'open access mars 2019 / étude ’ Mémoire d Mémoire Anne Paris Sous la direction de Ghislaine Chartron Professeur - CNAM Remerciements Je remercie Ghislaine Chartron d’avoir accepté de diriger ce mémoire. Ma gratitude va tout spécialement aux professionnels des bibliothèques et universitaires qui m’ont accordé de leur temps pour me faire partager leur connaissance des enjeux de l’open access, leur expérience et leur réflexion, dans un contexte mouvant et complexe. Merci à mes filles qui ont joué du piano quand il le fallait. PARIS Anne | DCB 27 | Mémoire d’étude | mars 2019 - 3 - Résumé : À l’heure où la transition vers l’accès ouvert aux résultats de la recherche connaît une nouvelle impulsion, politique, à l’échelle nationale, européenne et internationale, notre étude s’attachera à en présenter les principes et les enjeux (économiques, éditoriaux, scientifiques, sociaux), les questions en débat (modèles économiques, adhésion de la communauté scientifique, évaluation de la recherche) et interrogera le rôle actif que les bibliothèques assurent pour promouvoir et développer une communication scientifique sans barrière. Descripteurs : Open access- accès ouvert Open science -science ouverte Edition électronique Archives ouvertes Modèles économiques Abstract : At a time when the transition to open access to research results is experiencing a new impetus, political, national, European and international, our study will focus on presenting the principles and issues (economic, editorial, scientific , social), the debat (publisher business models, membership of the scientific community, evaluation of research) and question the active role libraries are playing in promoting, advocating and developing barrier-free scientific communication. Keywords : Open access - libraries Digital publishing - libraries Repositories - libraries Business models PARIS Anne | DCB 27 | Mémoire d’étude | mars 2019 - 4 - Droits d’auteurs Cette création est mise à disposition selon le Contrat : « Paternité-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 4.0 France » disponible en ligne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.frou par courrier postal à Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA. PARIS Anne | DCB 27| Mémoire d’étude | mars 2019 - 5 - Sommaire SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS .......................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 13 PARTIE 1. L’OPEN ACCESS : UN ECOSYSTÈME EN MOUVEMENT ...... 17 Le contexte d’émergence du mouvement ............................................ 17 L’édition scientifique for profit, une économie de luxe ........................ 17 Le numérique et son potentiel technique ............................................. 20 La résurgence des « communs ». ........................................................ 21 Des déclarations aux politiques d’open access .................................... 23 Les « 3 B » et autres déclarations ...................................................... 23 Les politiques en faveur de l’open access ........................................... 23 Les voies de l’open access .................................................................... 31 La voie verte : des archives ouvertes à l’identité multiple .................. 31 La voie dorée : une édition électronique ouverte aux modèles économiques protéiformes .......................................................................... 36 PARTIE 2. UN ECOSYSTEME EN DEBAT .................................................. 44 Le financement de la voie dorée par des APCs ................................... 44 La fausse bonne solution ? ................................................................. 44 Le risque des revues prédatrices ........................................................ 46 Évaluation et bibliométrie : l’ère du soupçon ..................................... 47 Le facteur d’impact et l’H-index ......................................................... 47 L’initiative DORA et le manifeste de Leiden ....................................... 50 Open access et communautés scientifiques : une culture et un investissement hétérogènes .......................................................................... 51 Des initiatives disciplinaires éclectiques ............................................ 51 Les SHS, des disciplines à part ? ........................................................ 54 D’autres « pratiques » de libre accès................................................... 56 Les chemins de contrebande ............................................................... 56 Les chemins de traverse ..................................................................... 57 Plan S et AmeliCA : deux initiatives concomitantes et divergentes .... 59 Un plan S..ujet à discussion ............................................................... 59 AmeliCA, une autre vision stratégique ................................................ 61 PARTIE 3. QUEL RÔLE POUR LES BIBLIOTHÈQUES ............................. 63 Administrer une archive ouverte ......................................................... 63 Accompagner les chercheurs vers l’open access ................................. 64 S’impliquer dans les modèles économiques ......................................... 71 En faisant le monitoring des APCs ..................................................... 72 PARIS Anne | DCB 27 | Mémoire d’étude | mars 2019 - 7 - Sommaire En soutenant les modèles économiques alternatifs .............................. 73 Investir l’édition de revues en open access .......................................... 76 Des professionnels open access ............................................................ 80 Des compétences spécifiques ? ........................................................... 80 À acquérir en formation initiale et continue ....................................... 82 Vers une redéfinition des missions ? ................................................... 83 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 87 SOURCES ........................................................................................................ 91 Entretiens .......................................................................................... 91 Témoignages de doctorants et enseignants-chercheurs ....................... 93 Journées d’étude, congrès .................................................................. 93 Cours dispensés à l’Enssib à la promotion DCB 27 ............................ 94 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ........................................................................................... 96 ANNEXE ......................................................................................................... 112 GLOSSAIRE ................................................................................................... 115 TABLE DES MATIERES ............................................................................... 117 PARIS Anne | DCB 27 |Rapport d’étude |mars 2019 - 8 - Sigles et abréviations ABES : Agence de bibliographie de l’enseignement supérieur ADBU : Association des directeurs de bibliothèques universitaires AMU : Aix-Marseille Université ANR : Agence nationale de la recherche AO : Archive(s) ouverte(s) AOI : Archive(s) ouverte(s) institutionnelle(s) APC : article processing charges ARL : Association of Research Libraries ASCB : American Society for Cell Biology BIRD : Base Institutionnelle de Recherche de l'université Paris-Dauphine BnF : Bibliothèque nationale de France BOAI : Budapest open access initiative BSN : Bibliothèque scientifique numérique CCSD : Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe CLASCO : Conseil latino-américain Sciences sociales CNRS : Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNU : Conseil national des universités COAR : Confederation of Open Access Repositories), CoSO : Comité pour la science ouverte Couperin : Consortium unifié des établissements universitaires et de recherche pour l'accès aux publications numériques CRFCB : Centres régionaux de formation aux carrières des bibliothèques CWI : Centrum wiskende informatica DGRI : Direction générale de la recherche et de l’innovation Dicen : Dispositif d’information et de communication à l’ère numérique DOAB : Directory of open access books DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals DORA : San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment ERC : European Research Council ESAC : Efficiency and Standards for Article Charges ESIEA : École supérieure d'informatique électronique automatique ESR : Enseignement supérieur et recherche FAIR : Findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable GIP : Groupement d’intérêt public PARIS Anne | DCB 27 | Mémoire d’étude | mars 2019 - 9 - Sigles et abréviations GPL : General public License GTAO : Groupe de travail sur l’open access de Couperin HAL : Hyper article en ligne Hcéres : Haut conseil de l’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur HDR : Habilitation à diriger des recherches I²SoS : Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies of Science ( ICIJ : International Consortium of Investigative Journalists ICSU : International Council for Science IdRef : Identifiants et référentiels pour l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche INIST : Institut national de l’information des
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