Active city

Continue Calgary Arts Development believes there are parallels between the creative economy and the active economy, and we'd like to see artists be part of the conversations that are happening around Calgary's active economy. If you are interested in participating in the development of a collective vision and framework to maximize the potential of our active economy, sign up for the ActiveCITY Summit 2019 using the CADA promo code and we will take care of your registration fee. The event takes place in Winsport (88 Canada Olympic Rd. SW) on September 18, 2019. Learn more about eventbrite.ca. The $3 trillion global active economy incorporates various industries such as sport, active recreation, health and wellness, and the technology and tourism sectors. For cities committed to increasing liveliness and liveability, becoming a global leader in the active economy requires collaboration, planning, and engagement. In Calgary, the active economy encompasses thousands of organizations and hundreds of thousands of people, fueling the economic and social prosperity of our community. Over the next year, the ActiveCITY Collective will engage thousands of Calgarians to develop a collective vision and framework to maximize the potential of our active economy and transform Calgary into Canada's most liveable city. The ActiveCity 2019 Summit kicks off this commitment. The ActiveCITY Summit traces a path forward for Calgary's sports business ecosystem. With over 2,000 organizations identified as participating members of our active economy, it's important that as many stakeholders as possible are on the table. Mary Moran, President & CEO, Calgary Economic Development and ActiveCITY Board Member.Join community leaders and experts at the ActiveCITY Summit 2019 to discuss the future of our active economy. Through dynamic speakers, panels and practical working groups, we will discuss the issues facing our active economy, including how collaboration can lead to innovation and what trends are driving the future of the active economy. The ActiveCITY Collective has bold goals for this community. Our goal is not only to turn Calgary into Canada's most liveable city, but to undertake the greatest public engagement in the history of our city. The insights generated will be critical to advancing the economic strategy of our community, Calgary in the New Economy, Jason Ribeiro, Director of Strategy, Calgary Economic Development and President of ActiveCITY Public Engagement and Communications Working Group.Register for the ActiveCity Summit 2019. So hundreds of citizens with different backgrounds gathered on Wednesday to to harness that energy, hoping to move into the future with a plan to give the Calgarians a platform - centered on an active economy - to rally about. Communication and connection are advantageous and from each other, said David Legg, professor of the department of health and physical education at Mount Royal University and one of the personalities leading the movement to bring together the voices of sport, active recreation, health and well-being, technology, tourism and the media. We have a dream of running the largest engagement platform in Calgary's history. We want 5% of the population -- 65,000 people -- to commit to helping us understand what's active in our city and how the active economy can make Calgary the most active city in the world. I.e... if it's not already, says Legg.Ma though Calgary is the most active city in the world, Legg and a handful of like-minded Calgarians have tried to improve on that label by trying to engage citizens to develop a collective vision and framework to maximize the potential of the city's active economy. it's a term that's certainly made up, Legg says, but it's made up of nearly 1,000 organizations and hundreds of thousands of people, fueling the community's economic and social prosperity. We have divided the active economy into several groups, Legg said. And this includes tourism, high performance sports, recreation, gardening, yoga, clothing sold in the Cheks sports of the world ... it's a work in progress. This article is about the Canadian city. For the village in Scotland, see Calgary, Mull. For other uses, see Calgary (disambiguation). Cities in , CanadaCalgaryCityCity of CalgaryFrom top, left to right: skyline, , , , Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, Rodeo. FlagCoat of weaponsTown consoime: The Stampede City, Cowtown, Mohkànstsis, Wichispa Oyade, Guts'ists'i more... [1] Motto(s): OnwardCalgaryLocation of Calgary in AlbertaShow map of AlbertaCalgaryCalgary (Canada)Show map of CanadaCalgaryCalgary (North America)Show Map of North AmericaCo ordinates: 51 '03'N 114'04'W / 51.050 'N 114.067'W / 51.050; -114,067Coster: 51'03'N 114'04'W / 51,050'N 114,067'W / 51,050; -114.067CountryCanadaProvinceAlbertaRegionCalgary Metropolitan RegionCensus division6The municipal districts of Ray View and Foothills CountyFounded1875Incorporated[3] 1894Named forCalgary, MullGovernment - Body Gian-Carlo CarraHarnirjodh Singh ChahalSean ChuDiane Colley-UrquhartJeff DavisonPeter DemongJeromy FarkasDruh FarrellJyoti GondekRay JonesShane KeatingJoe MaglioccaWard SutherlandEvan Woolley - ManagerDavid Duckworth[4] - List of MPs Bob Benzen (C)Jasraj Hallan (C) (C) (C) (C) (C)Greg McLean (C)Michelle Rempel (C) (C) (C) Ceci (NDP)Jason Copping (UCP)Mike Ellis (UCP)Tanya Fir (UCP)Kathleen Ganley (NDP)Richard Gotfried (UCP)Whitney Issik (UCP)Matt Jones (UCP)Jason Kenney (UCP)Jason Luan (UCP)Ric McIver (UCP)Nicholas Milliken (UCP)Demetriosad Panda (UCP)Josephine Pon (UCP)Irfan sonya savage (UCP)Rajan Sawhney (UCP)Rebecca Schulz (UCP)Doug Schweitzer (UCP)Tyler Shandro (UCP)Peter Singh (UCP)Devinder Toor (UCP)Muhammad Yaseen (UCP) Area (2016)[5][7] ] Land825.56 km2 (318.75 sqm) - Urban58 6.08 km2 (226.29 sqm) - Metro5,110.21 km2 (1,973.06 sqm)Elevation[8]1,045 m (3,428 ft)Population (3,428 ft)2016)[5][6] 7] - City1,239,220 - Estimate (2019)1,335,145[10] - Density1,501.1/km2 (3,888/sqm) - Urban1,237,656 - Density2,111/km2 (5,470/sqm) - Metro1 ,392,609 (4th) - Metro density272.5/km2 (706/sqm) - Municipal census (2019)1,285.71[9]Demonym(s)CalgarianTime zoneUTC-07:00 (MST) - Summer (DST)UTC-06:00 (MDT)Forward sorting areasT1Y, T2A - T3SArea code(s)403, 587, 825NTS Map082O01GNBC CodeIAKIDOjor airportCalgary International Airport (YYC)Public Transport HighwaysCalgary TransitWaterwaysBow River, Elbow River, Glenmore ReservoirGDPUS $97.9 billion[11]GDP per capitaUS 69,826[11]Websitewww.calgary.ca Calgary (/) is a city in the western Canadian province of Alberta. It is located at the confluence of River and elbow river in the south of the province, in an area of hills and grasslands, about 80 km east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies, about 299 km south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and about 240 km north of the Canadian-U.S. border. The city still has the southern end of the Canada-defined urban area, the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor. [12] The city had a population of 1,285,711 in 2019, making it the most populous city in Alberta and the most populous in western Canada. In 2016, Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the fourth largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the second largest in Western Canada (after ). Calgary's economy includes activities in the energy, financial services, film and television, transportation and logistics, technology, manufacturing, aerospace, health and wellness, retail and tourism sectors. The Calgary metropolitan region is home to Canada's second-highest number of corporate locations among the country's 800 largest companies. In 2015 Calgary had the highest number of millionaires per capita of any major Canadian city. In 1988, it became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games. The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Calgary the most liveable city in North America in both 2018 and 2019. Calgary was one of the top 5 for this title for the 10 years. Calgary was also ranked as the best city in the world for drivers in 2019. Etymology Calgary is named after Calgary on the Isle of Mull, Scotland, U.K. [18] In turn, the name comes from a kald and gart compound, similar Norse words, meaning cold and garden, probably used when called by the Vikings who inhabited the Inner Hebrides. Alternatively, the name could be Gaelic Cala ghearraidh, which means meadow beach (pasture), or Gaelic for clear running water or bay farm. The indigenous peoples of southern Alberta referred to the Calgary area as elbows, in reference to the sharp curve made by the Bow River and elbow river. In some cases, the area was called after the reeds that grew along the banks of the river, reeds that had been used for fashion arches. In the black-footed language, the area was known as Mohkànstsis ak'piyoyis, which means elbow many houses, reflecting its strong presence of settlers. The shortest form of the name Blackfoot, Mohkànstsis, which simply means elbow,[20][21][22] was the popular indigenous term for the Calgary area. [23] [24] [25] In the Nakoda (Stoney) language, the area is known as Wincheesh-pah or Wenchi Ispase, both of which mean elbow. [20] In the Nehiyaw (Cree) language, the area was known as Ot'skwanihk (ᐅᑑᐢᑲᐧᓂᕁ) meaning elbow house or Ot'skwunee meaning elbow. In Tsuut'ina (Sarcee), the area is known as Guts'ists'i (older orthography, Kootsis-w) meaning elbow. [20] In the Slavey language, the area was known as Klincho-tinay-indihay which means many horse towns, referring to the Calgary Stampede[20] and the heritage of the city's settlers. There have been several attempts to revive Calgary's indigenous names. In response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, post-secondary local institutions adopted official recognition of the indigenous territory using the city's Blackfoot name, Mohkànstsis. [25] [26] [28] In 2017, Stoney Nakoda submitted an application to the Alberta government, to rename Calgary as Wichispa Oyade meaning city of elbow; [31] however, this was disputed by the Piikani Blackfoot. [32] History Main article: Chronology of Calgary's history Ancient history The Calgary area was inhabited by pre-Clovis people whose presence was traced back at least 11,000 years. The area was inhabited by the Niitsitapi (Confederation of Black Feet; Siksika, Kainai, Piikani), Nakoda, the First Nations peoples of Tsuut'ina and the Métis Nation, Region 3. As mayor Naheed Nenshi (A'paistootsiipsii; Iitiya) describes: There have always been people here. In Biblical times there were people here. For generations beyond the number, people have come here in earth, attracted here by water. They come here to hunt and fish; trade; living; to love; to have great victories; A A bitter disappointment; but above all to engage in that very human act of building communities. In 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigans camped along the Bow River. He was a merchant at Hudson's Bay Company and the first Registered European to visit the area. John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area in 1873. In 1875, the North-West Mounted Police emounted in an attempt to police the area. In 1875, the site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police (now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or RCMP). The NWMP detachment was assigned to protect the western plains from U.S. whiskey traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally called Fort Brisebois, after the NWMP officer, the Aphrem-A. Brisebois, was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod. When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1883, and a train station was built, Calgary began to grow to become an important commercial and agricultural center. More than a century later, the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters moved to Calgary from Montreal in 1996. Calgary was officially incorporated as a city in 1884, and elected its first mayor, George Murdoch. In 1894, it was incorporated as The City of Calgary into what was then the Northwest Territory. The was founded in 1885 and took over municipal and local duties from the NWMP. The Calgary Fire of 1886 occurred on November 7, 1886. Fourteen buildings were destroyed with losses estimated at $103,200. Although no one was killed or injured,[39] city officials drafted a law requiring the construction of all large buildings in downtown with Paskapoo sandstone, to prevent this from happening again. After the arrival of the railway, the Dominion government began renting grazing land at a minimum cost (up to 400 km2) for one hundredth per acre per year). As a result of this policy, large breeding operations have been established in the country near Calgary. Already a transportation and distribution center, Calgary quickly became the center of Canada's meat marketing and packaging industries. [quote required] In the late 19th century, Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) expanded into the interior and established places along the rivers that later developed in the modern cities of Winnipeg, Calgary, and Edmonton. In 1884, HBC founded a sales store in Calgary. HBC also built the first of six original department stores in Calgary in 1913; others who followed were Edmonton, Vancouver, Victoria, Saskatoon and Winnipeg. [41] Modern history (1900–present) Rounding cattle for the first Calgary Stampede in 1912. The Stampede is one of the most of the world. Postcard of 1st Street West, Calgary, May 2, 1913 Between 1896 and 1914 settlers from all over the world poured into the area in response to the of free house land. [43] Agriculture and livestock farming became key components of the local economy, and thus remained in the 21st century. The famous Calgary Stampede, held all the time every july, was started by four wealthy ranchers as a small agricultural exhibition in 1912. [44] It is now known as the largest outdoor show on earth. Calgary experienced Alberta's first oil boom when Calgary Petroleum Products Co found oil just southwest of the city in Turner Valley in 1914. Western Canada's first commercial oil fields exploded again in 1924 and 1936, and since World War II the Turner Valley oil field has been producing more than 95 percent of canada's oil. As a result, major oil companies searched elsewhere in Alberta, and in 1947 Imperial Oil discovered new reserves near Leduc, south of Edmonton. But Calgary was already alberta's oil center, and the new discovery caused a new boom in the city. Calgary's economy grew as oil prices rose with the 1973 Arab oil embargo. The population increased by 272,000 in the eighteen years between 1971 (403,000) and 1989 (675,000) and another 345,000 over the next eighteen years (to 1,020,000 in 2007). During these boom years, skyscrapers were built, and the relatively low center quickly became dense with tall buildings. [46] Calgary's economy was so closely tied to the oil industry that the city's boom peaked with the average annual oil price in 1981. [47] Subsequent declines in oil prices have been cited by industry as reasons for a collapse of the oil industry and consequently calgary's overall economy. Low oil prices prevented a full recovery until the 1990s. With the energy sector employing a huge number of Calgarians, the consequences of the economic crisis of the early 1980s were significant and the unemployment rate soared. [49] By the end of the decade, however, the economy was recovering. Calgary soon realized that it could not afford to place so much emphasis on oil and gas, and since then the city has become much more diverse, both economically and culturally. The period during this recession marked Calgary's transition from a medium-sized, relatively anonymous prairie town to a thriving Canadian labor center. This transition culminated in Canada's first Winter Olympics in 1988. [50] The success of these Games[51] essentially put the city on the world stage. Thanks in part to rising oil prices, the calgary and alberta economy was booming until the end of 2009, and the of nearly 1.1 million people was home to the country's fastest-growing economy. [52] While the oil and gas industry encompasses an important part of the economy, the city has invested heavily in other sectors such as tourism and high-tech manufacturing. Beyond people now visit the city every year[53] for its many festivals and attractions, especially the Calgary Stampede. Nearby mountain resorts of Banff, Lake Louise, and Canmore are also becoming increasingly popular with tourists and bringing people to Calgary. Other modern industries include light manufacturing, high-tech, film, e-commerce, transportation, and services. Widespread flooding across southern Alberta, including on the Bow and Elbow Rivers, forced the evacuation of more than 75,000 residents of the city on June 21, 2013, and left large areas of the city, including the center, without power. [54] Calgary Calgary's Geography Satellite view is located in the transition zone between the Canadian Rockies hills and the Canadian grasslands. The city is located at the foot of the parkland natural region and the natural grassland region. Downtown Calgary is about 1,042.4m above sea level, and the airport is 1,076m away. In 2011, the city covered an area of 825.29 km2 (318.65 square miles; Two rivers cross the city and two creeks. The Bow River is the largest and flows from west to south. The Elbow River flows north from the south until it converges with the Bow River at the Fort Calgary Historic Site near downtown. Nose Creek flows to Calgary from the northwest and then south to reach the Bow River several kilometers east of the Elbow-Bow confluence. Fish Creek flows into Calgary from the southwest and converses with the Bow River near McKenzie Towne. The city of Calgary, 848 km2 in size, consists of an inner city surrounded by suburban communities of various densities. The city is immediately surrounded by two municipal districts: Foothills Municipal District 31 to the south and Rocky View County to the north, west, and east. Nearby urban communities beyond the city within the Calgary metropolitan region include: the city of Airdrie to the north; the city of Chestermere, the city of Strathmore and hamlet of Langdon to the east; the cities of Okotoks and High River to the south; and the city of Cochrane to the northwest. Numerous rural subdivisions are located within the Elbow Valley, Springbank and Bearspaw areas to the west and northwest. [62] Tsuu T'ina Nation Indian Reserve #145 borders Calgary to the southwest. [61] Over the years, the city has made many land annexes to facilitate growth. In the most recent annexation of land from Rocky View County, completed in July 2007, the city annexed Shepard, a former village, and set its borders adjacent to Balzac Hamlet and the city of Chestermere, and very close to the town of Airdrie. View of downtown Calgary Flora and wildlife Numerous plant and animal species are found in and around Calgary. The Douglas-fir of the Rocky Mountains (Pseudotsuga glauca) approaches the eastern edge of its range in Calgary. Another widespread distribution conifer found in the Calgary area is the white fir tree (Picea glauca). [67] Some notable animals that can be found in Calgary and its eyes include: deer, coyotes, moats, bats, rabbits, mink, wease, black bear, raccoon, skunk, and cougar. [68] Neighbourhoods Main article: List of Calgary neighborhoods The community of East Village in redevelopment near St. Patrick's Island, east of the central city. Calgary's Eau Claire community, adjacent to downtown and Prince's Island Park The city's central region consists of five neighborhoods: Eau Claire (including the Festival District), downtown West End, Downtown Commercial Core, Chinatown, and downtown East Village (also part of the Rivers District). The commercial core is in turn divided into a number of districts including the Stephen Avenue Retail Core, entertainment district, arts district, and government district. Distinct from downtown and south of 9th Avenue is Calgary's densest neighborhood, the Beltline. The area includes a number of communities such as Connaught, Victoria Crossing and a part of the Rivers District. The Beltline is at the center of major planning and rejuvenation efforts by the city administration to increase the density and vibrancy of downtown Calgary. [69] Adjacent or radiating directly from the center are the first communities in the city center. These include Crescent Heights, Hounsfield Heights/Briar Hill, Hillhurst/Sunnyside (including Kensington BR), Bridgeland, Renfrew, Mount Royal, Scarboro, Sunalta, Mission, Ramsay and Inglewood and Albert Park/Radisson Heights directly to the east. The city center is, in turn, surrounded by relatively dense, established neighborhoods like Rosedale and Mount Pleasant to the north; Bowness, Parkdale, Shaganappi and Glendale to the west; Park Hill, South Calgary (including Marda Loop), Bankview, Altadore and Killarney to the south; and Forest Lawn/International Avenue to the east. Beyond these, and usually separated from each other by highways, there are suburban communities including Evergreen, Somerset, Auburn Bay, Country Hills, Sundance, Chaparral, Riverbend, and McKenzie Towne. In all, there are over 180 distinct neighborhoods within the city limits. [70] Many of Calgary's neighborhoods were initially separate municipalities that were annexed by the city as it grew. These include Bowness, Montgomery, and Forest Lawn. Climate Calgary experiences a humid continental climate (Kàppen Dwb climate classification) within the eastern parts of the city and a subbarctic climate (Kàppen Dwc climate classification) within the western parts of the city due to an increase in elevation. The city has hot summers and cold, dry winters. Falls hardness zone of the NRC 4a. 4a plant. For Environment Canada, average daily temperatures in Calgary range from 16.5 degrees centigrade (61.7 degrees Centigrade) in July to 6.8 degrees Centigrade in December. [73] Ice skating on the frozen stream at Bowness Park. Winters in Calgary are cold and dry, with temperatures dropping below 20 degrees centigrade. Winters are cold and the air temperature can drop to an average of 20 degrees centigrade and 32 days a year and 30 degrees centigrade on average 3.7 days a year, and are often broken by hot, dry Chinook winds blowing through the mountains in Alberta. These winds can increase the winter temperature by 20 degrees centigrade and 30 degrees centigrade in a few hours, and can last several days. [74] In addition, Calgary's proximity to the Rocky Mountains affects the average winter temperature with a mixture of lows and highs, and tends to provoke a mild winter for a city in prairie provinces. Temperatures are also affected by the cold factor of the wind; Calgary's average wind speed is 14.2 km/h, one of the highest in Canadian cities. [75] In summer, daytime temperatures range from 10 to 25 degrees centigrade and sometimes exceed 30 degrees centigrade, an average of 5.1 days at any time in June, July, and August, and occasionally until September or already in May, and in winter they fall below or to 3.7 days of the year. As a result of Calgary's high elevation and dryness, summer evenings tend to cool down, with average monthly temperatures below 10 degrees centigrade during the summer months. Calgary has the sunniest days of the year in Canada's 100 largest cities, with just over 332 sunny days; It has an average of 2,396 hours of sunshine per year,[73] with an average relative humidity of 55% in winter and 45% in summer (15:00 MST). [73] Calgary International Airport in the northeastern part of the city receives an average of 418.8 mm (16.49 in) of precipitation per year, with 326.4 mm (12.85 in) of what occurs in the form of rain, and 128.8 cm (50.7 in) as snow. [73] The highest number of precipitation occurs in June and the most snowfall in March. Calgary has also recorded snow every month of the year. The last snowfall was on July 15, 1999. Thunderstorms can be frequent and sometimes severe[78] with most of them occurring in the summer months. Calgary is located within Alberta Hailstorm Alley and is prone to damaging hailstones every few years. A hailstorm that struck Calgary on September 7, 1991, was one of the most destructive natural disasters in Canadian history, with over $400 million in damage. Being west of the dry line on most occasions, tornadoes are rare in the The highest temperature ever recorded in Calgary was 36.7 degrees centigrade on August 10, 2018. [80] The coldest temperature ever recorded was 45.0 degrees centigrade on February 4, February, Climate data for Calgary International Airport, 1981-2010 extremes 1881-present Month January Mar Apr May Jun. 28.7 22.2 19.4 36.9 High record of C (F) 17.6(63.7) 22.6(72.7) 25.4(77.7) 29.4(84(84.9) 29.4 32.4(90.3) 35.0(95.0) 36.1(97.0) 36.7(98.1) 33.3(91.9) 29.4(8 4.9) 22.8(73.0) 19.5(67.1) 36.7(98.1) High average c (F) s 0.9(30.4) 0.7(33.3) 4.4(39.9) 11.2(5 2.2) 16.3(61.3) 19.8(67.6) 23.2(73.8) 22.8(73.0) 17.8(64.0) 11.7(53.1) 3.4(38.1) −0.8(30.6) 10.8(51.4) Daily mean °C (°F) −7.1(19.2) −5.4(22.3) −1.6(29.1) 4.6(40.3) 9.7(49.5) 13.7(56.7) 16.5(61.7) 15.8(60.4) 11.0(51.8) 5.2(41.4) −2.4(27.7) −6.8(19.8) 4.4(39.9) Average low °C (°F) −13.2(8.2) −11.4(11.5) −7.5(18.5) −2.0(28.4) 3.1(37.6) 7.5(45.5) 9.8(49.6) 8.8(47.8) 4.1(39.4) −1.4(29.5) −8.2(17.2) −12.8(9.0) −1.9(28.6) Record low °C (°F) −44.4(−47.9) −45.0(−49.0) −37.2(−35.0) −30.0(−22.0) −16.7(1.9) −3.3(26.1) −0.6(30.9) −3.2(26.2) −13.3(8.1) −25.7(−14.3) −35.0(−31.0) −42.8(−45.0) −45.0(−49.0) Record low wind chill −52 −53 −45 −37 −24 −6 0 −4 −12 −34 −48 −55 −55 Average precipitation mm (inches) 9.4(0.37) 9.4(0.37) 17.8(0.70) 25.2(0.99) 56.8(2.24) 94.0(3.70) 65.5(2.58) 57.0(2.24) 45.1(1.78) 15.3(0.60) 13.1(0.52) 10.2(0.40) 418.8(16.49) Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.1(0.00) 0.1(0.00) 2.2(0.09) 10.8(0.43) 46.1(1.81) 93.9(3.70) 65.5( 2.58) 57.0(2.24) 41.7(1.64) 7.5(0.30) 1.5(5)1.50.06) 0.3(0.01) 326.4(12.85) Average snowfall cm (inches) 15.3(6.0) 14.5(5.7) 22.7(8.9) 18.8(7.4) 11.9(4.7) 0.1(0.0) 0.0(0.0) 0.0(0.0) 3.9(1.5) 10.0(0)3.9) 16.6(6.5) 15.0(5.9) 128.8(50.7) Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 7.3 6.8 9.2 9.0 11.2 13.8 13.0 10.6 9.1 7.2 7.6 6.9 111.8 Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.27 0.20 1.3 4.1 10.1 13.8 13.0 10.5 8.7 4.2 1.4 0.40 67.9 Average snow days (≥ 0.2 cm) 7.7 7.4 9.5 6.4 2.6 0.07 0.0 0.10 1.3 4.1 7.4 7.7 54.2 Average relative humidity (%) 54.5 53.2 50.3 40.7 43.5 48.6 46.8 44.6 44.3 44.3 54.0 55.3 2 48.3 Average monthly hours of sunshine 119.5 144.6 177.2 220.2 249.4 269.9 314.1 284.0 207.00 175.4 121.1 114.0 2,396.3 Possible sun percentage 45.6 51.3 48.2 53.1 51.8 54.663.1 62.9 54.4 52.7 45.0 46.0 52.4 Average ultraviolet index 1 1 2 4 6 7 7 6 4 2 1 0 3 Source : Environment Canada[73] and Weather Atlas[81] Climate data for Springbank Hill, 1981-2010 normal Month January February Mar- April June June Jul- September November Record year high 16.5(61.7) 22.1(71.8) 23.8(74.8) 26.8(74.8) 8 26.26.1 5(79.7) 33(91) 31(88) 33.8(92.8) 32.1(89.8) 30.6(87.1) 27.1(80.1) 20.4(68.7) 17.9(64.2) 33.8(92.8) High average c (F) 1.8(28.8) 0(32) 3.9(3 3 0)9.0) 10.5(50.9) 15.3(59.5) 18.8(65.8) 22.2(72.0) 21.2(70.2) 17( 63) 11(52) 2.3(36.1) - 0.6 (30.9) 10.0(50.0) Daily average (C) s.p.a. 8.1(46.6) 12.1(53.8) 14.8(58.6) 13.7(56.7) 9.5(49.1) 3.9(39.0) −3.8(25.2) −7(19) 3.1(37.5) Average low °C (°F) −14.5(5.9) −13.4(7.9) −9.2(15.4) −3.8(25.2) 0.9(33.6) 5.4(41.7) 7.4(45.3) 6.2(43.2) 1.9(35.4) −3.3(26.1) −9.9(14.2) −13.3(8.1) −3.8(25.2) Record low °C (°F) −42.8(−45.0) −41.6(−42.9) −36.3(−33.3) −21.7(−7.1) −14.1(6.6) −6.1(21.0) −0.1(31.8) −5.9(21.4) −9.8(14.4) −29.1(−20.4) −36.5(−33.7) −41.6(−42.9) −42.8(−45.0) Average precipitation mm (inches) 9.9(0.39) 11.5(0.45) 17.6(0.69) 25.4(1.00) 61.1(2.41) 106.7(4.20) 66.9(2.63) 78(3.1) 50.3(1.98) 16.3(0.64) 16.3(0.64) 9.8(0.39) 469.8(18.52) Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.2(0.01) 0(0) 0.4(0.02) 9.3(0.37) 49.5(1.95) 106.7(4.20) 66.9(2.63) 78(3.1) 45.5(1.79) 7(0.3) 2.4(0.09) 0.3(0.01) 366.2(14.47) Average snowfall cm (inches) 12.7(5.0) 14.7(5.8) 21.7(8.5) 19(7.5) 12.4(4.9) 0(0) 0.1(0.0) 0.0(0.0) 5.3(2.1) 11.6(4.6) 17.4(6.9) 12.4(4.9) 127.3(50.2) [citation needed] Demographics Federal censuspopulation historyYearPop.±%18913,876— 19014,091+5.5%190611,967+192.5%191143,704+265.2%191656,514+29.3%192163,305+12.0%192665,291+3.1%193183,761+28.3%193683,407−0.4%194188,904+6.6%1946100,044+12.5%1951129,060+29.0%1956181,780+40.8%1961249,641+37.3%1966330,575+32.4%1971403,319+22.0%1976469,917+16.5%1981592,743+26.1%1986636,107+7.3%1991710,795+11.7%1996768,082+8.1%2001878,866+14.4%2006988,193+12.4%20111,096,833+11.0%20161,239,220+13.0%Source: Statistics Canada[82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] [58][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][5][102] Main article: Demographics of Calgary The population of the City of Calgary according to its 2019 municipal census is 1,285,711,[9] a change of 1.4% from its 2018 municipal census population of 1,267,344. In the 2016 census of the population conducted by Statistics Canada, the city of Calgary recorded a population of 1,239,220 in 466,725 of its 489,650 total private homes, a 13% change from its 2011 population of 1,096,833. With an area of 825.56 km2 (318.75 quad miles before), it had a population density of 1,501.1/km2 (3,887.7/sqm) in 2016. Calgary ranked first among canada's three cities that saw their population grow by more than 100,000 people between 2011 and 2016. During this time Calgary saw a population growth of 142,387 people, followed by Edmonton at 120,345 people and Toronto at 116,511. [104] Religion in Calgary (2011 census) Religion Percentage (%) Christian 54.9% No religion 32.3% Muslim 5.2% Sikh 2.6% Buddhist 2.1% Hindu 1.6% Hebrew 0.6% Other 0.7% In the 2011 census, The city of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 in 423,417 of its 445,848 total dwellings, a 10.9% change from its 2006 adjusted population of 988,812. With an area of 825.29 km2 (318.65 quad before), had a population density of of (3,442.2/sqm) in 2011. [58] According to canada's 2011 census of statistics, people aged 14 and under made up 17.9% of the population, and those aged 65 and over made up 9.95%. The median age was 36.4 years. In 2011, the city's gender population was 49.9% male and 50.1% female. The Calgary Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) is the fourth largest CMA in Canada and the largest in Alberta. The 2016 census had a population of 1,392,609, compared to the 2011 population of 1,214,839. Its five-year demographic change of 14.6 percent was the highest of all TAs in Canada between 2011 and 2016. With an area of 5,107.55 km2 (1,972.04 sqm), calgary's CMA had a population density of 272.7/km2 (706.2/sqm) in 2016. Statistics Canada's latest estimate of calgary CMA's population as of July 1, 2017, is 1,488,841. [107] In 2015, the population within an hour of the city was 1,511,755. As a result of the large number of companies, as well as the presence of the energy sector in Alberta, Calgary has an average household income of $104,530. Christians make up 54.9% of the population, while 32.3% have no religious affiliation. Other religions in the city are Muslims (5.2%), Sikhs (2.6%) and Buddhists (2.1%).[ 110] Ethnicity According to the 2016 census, 59.5% of Calgary's population was of European origin, 4% were of Aboriginal origin, and 36.2% of the population belonged to a visible minority group (i.e. non-white, not Aboriginal). Among those of European origin, the most frequently reported ethnic groups were British, German, Irish, French and Ukrainian. Among visible minorities, South Asians (mainly from India) make up the largest group (9.5%), followed by the Chinese (6.8%) and Filipinos (5.5%). 5.4% were of African or Caribbean origin, 3.5% were of Western or Middle Eastern Asian origin, while 2.6% of the population were of Latin American origin. Among Canada's largest cities, Calgary ranked fourth in proportion to visible minorities, behind Toronto, Vancouver and Winnipeg. 20.7% of the population has been identified as Canadian of ethnic origin. [111] Economy See also: Alberta Economy Employment by Industry[112] Calgary Alberta Industry Agriculture 6.1% 10.9% Manufacturing 15.8% 15.8% Trade 15.9% 15.8% Finance 6.4% 5.0% Health and Education 25.1% 18.8% Business Services 25.1% 18.8 % Other services 16.5% 18.7% Workforce (201 6)[113] Calgary Alberta Canada Employment Rate 66.9% 66.3% 61.2% Unemployment 10.3% 9.0% 6.8% Participation 74.6% 72.9% 65.6% Calgary is recognized as a leader in the Canadian oil and gas industry, and its economy has expanded to significantly higher than the overall Canadian economy (43% and 25%, respectively) over the ten-year period from 1999 to 2009. [114] His high personal and household income,[14] low unemployment and high GDP per head[116] all benefited from sales and prices due to a resource boom,[114] and increasing economic diversification. Calgary benefits from a relatively strong labor market in Alberta, it is part of the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor, one of the fastest growing regions in the country. It is home to many major oil and gas-related companies, and many financial services businesses have grown around them. Small business and self-employment levels are also among the highest in Canada. Calgary is a distribution and transportation center with high retail. Calgary's economy is declining dominated by the oil and gas industry, though it is still the city's single largest contributor to GDP. In 2006, Calgary's real GDP (ongoing 1997) was $52.386 billion, of which oil, gas and mining contributed 12 percent. The largest oil and gas companies are BP Canada, Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Cenovus Energy, Encana, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Shell Canada, Husky Energy, TransCanada and Nexen, making the city home to 87% of Canadian oil and natural gas producers and 66% of coal producers. [119] As of November 2016, the city had a workforce of 901,700 (a participation rate of 74.6%) and 10.3% unemployment. [120] In 2013, Calgary's four largest industries by number of employees were Trade (with 112,800 employees), Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (100,800 employees), Health Care and Social Assistance (89,200 employees), and Construction (81,500 employees). In 2006, the top three private-sector employers in Calgary were Shaw Communications (7,500 employees), Nova Chemicals (4,945) and Telus (4,517). [124] The companies completing the top ten were Mark's Work Wearhouse, Calgary Co-op, Nexen, Canadian Pacific Railway, CNRL, Shell Canada, and Dow Chemical Canada. The main public sector employers in 2006 were the Calgary area of Alberta Health Services (22,000), the city of Calgary (12,296) and the Calgary Board of Education (8,000). [124] The public sector employers completing the top five were the University of Calgary and the Separate Roman Catholic School Division of Calgary. In Canada, Calgary has the second highest concentration of locations in Canada (behind Toronto), the largest number of locations per capita, and the highest per capita revenue of its head office. [14] Some large employers with Calgary locations include Canada Safeway Limited, Westfair Foods Ltd., Suncor Energy, Agrium, Flint Energy Services Ltd., Shaw Communications, and Canadian Pacific Railway. CPR moved its headquarters from Montreal in 1996 and imperial Oil moved from Toronto in 2005. Encana's new 58-storey headquarters, the Arco, became highest in Canada outside of Toronto. In 2001, the city became the headquarters of the TSX Venture Exchange. WestJet is based near Calgary Calgary The airport, and Enerjet has its headquarters on the airport grounds. [128] Prior to their dissolution, Canadian Airlines[129] and Air Canada's subsidiary, the security company, were also close to the city's airport. Although its head office is now based in Yellowknife, Canadian North, purchased by Canadian Airlines in September 1998, it still maintains its operations and charter offices in Calgary. [131] According to a report by Alexi Olcheski of Avison Young published in August 2015, vacancy rates rose to 11.5% in the second quarter of 2015 from 8.3% in 2014. The offices of oil and gas companies in downtown Calgary are pervading 40 percent of their total vacancies. H&R Real Estate Investment Trust, which owns the 58-storey, 158,000-square-metre Bow Tower, says the building has been fully leased. Tenants like Suncor have let staff and contractors go in response to the crisis. [133] Calgary Art and Culture was designated as one of Canada's cultural capitals in 2012. While many Calgarians continue to live in the city's suburbs, more central districts such as 17 Avenue, Kensington, Inglewood, Forest Lawn, Marda Loop, and the Mission District have become more popular, and density in those areas has increased. The Calgary Public Library is the city's network of public libraries, with 21 branches lending books, e-books, CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays, audiobooks, and more. Based on the loan, the library is the second largest in Canada, and the sixth largest municipal library system in North America. The new flagship branch, Calgary's 22,000-square-foot central library in downtown East Village, opened on November 1, 2018. [137] Arts Venues Calgary is the site of the Southern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium performing arts, culture, and community structure. The auditorium is one of the province's two sister structures, the other being the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium located in Edmonton, each of which is known locally as Jube. The 2,538-seat auditorium opened in 1957[138] and has been the guest of hundreds of Broadway musical, theatrical, theatrical, and local productions. The Calgary Jube is the resident home of the Alberta Ballet Company, the , and the annual Civic Remembrance Day ceremonies. Both auditoriums operate 365 days a year, and are managed by the provincial government. Both received major renovations as part of the province's centenary in 2005. The is a multi-seat arts center in downtown Calgary. The city is also home to a number of performing arts spaces, such as Arts Commons, which is a 400,000-square-foot performing arts complex that la Jack Singer Concert Hall, Martha Cohen Theatre, Max Bell Theatre, Big Secret Theatre, e Motel Theatre, la Pumphouse Pumphouse it houses the Victor Mitchell and Joyce Doolittle theatres, Theatre Junction GRAND, Bella Concert Hall, Wright Theatre, Vertigo Theatre, Stage West Theatre, Lunchbox Theatre and many other smaller venues. Art companies Some large Calgary companies include , which shares the Arts Commons building with the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, as well as The Calgary Theater, Alberta Theatre Projects, and Theatre Junction GRAND, which is a cultural home dedicated to contemporary live arts. Calgary was also the birthplace of improvised theatrical games known as Theatresports. Every three years, Calgary hosts the Honens International Piano Competition (formerly known as the Esther Honens International Piano Competition). The finalists of the competition perform piano concerts with the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra; the winner receives a cash prize (currently $100,000.00 CDN, the largest cash prize of any international piano competition) and a three-year career development program. Honens is an integral part of calgary's classical music scene. Visual and conceptual artists such as the art collective United Congress are active in the city. There are a number of art galleries in downtown along Stephen Avenue; the SoDo (south of the center) Design District; the 17 Avenue corridor; the Inglewood neighborhood, including the Esker Foundation. [139] There are also various art installations in System No. 15 in downtown Calgary. [141] A number of bands are based in Calgary. They include the Calgary Round-Up Band, Calgary Stetson Show Band, Bishop Grandin Marching Ghosts, and the six-time World Association for Marching Show Bands champions, the Calgary Stampede Showband, as well as military bands including the Band of HMCS Tecumseh, the King's Own Calgary Regiment Band, and the Regimental Pipes and Drums of . There are many other civilian pipe gangs in the city, most notably the Calgary Police Service Pipe Band. The Alberta Ballet is the third largest dance company in Canada. Under the artistic direction of Jean Grand-Maotre, the Alberta Ballet is at the forefront both nationally and internationally. Jean Grand-Maàtre has become well known for his successful collaborations with pop artists such as Joni Mitchell, Elton John and Sarah McLachlan. Alberta Ballet resides in the Nat Christie Centre. [143] [144] [145] Other dance companies include Springboard Performance, which hosts the annual Fluid Movement Arts Festival,[146] Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, which opened its new $25 million facility in 2016 in collaboration with the Kahanoff Foundation,[147] as well as a number of others, including European folk dance ensembles, Afro-based dance companies, and diasporic dance companies. Calgary is also home to a choral music community, including a variety of communities and semi-professional groups. Some of the pillars include the Royal Choirs of Mount Royal University, the Calgary Boys Choir, the Calgary Girls Choir, the Young Singers of Calgary, the Cantaré Children's Choir, the Luminous Voices Music Society, the Spiritus Chamber Choir, and the pop-choral group Revv52. [148] Calgary is also home to several post-secondary institutions that provide credit or non-credit education in the arts, including the Alberta University of the Arts (formerly Alberta College of Art and Design),[151] the School of Creative and Performing Arts at the University of Calgary,[152] Mount Royal University Conservatory,[153] and Ambrose University. Festival The Calgary Stampede attracts over a million visitors each year, doubling the city's population during the event. [154] Calgary has held an LGBT Pride event every year since 1988[155] Calgary hosts a number of annual festivals and events. These include the Calgary International Film Festival, Calgary Folk Music Festival, Calgary Performing Arts Festival (formerly Kiwanis Music Festival),[156] FunnyFest Calgary Comedy Festival, Sled Island music festival, Beakerhead, Calgary Folk Music Festival, Greek festival, Carifest, Wordfest, , GlobalFest, Otafest, Calgary Comic and Entertainment Expo, FallCon, Calgary Fringe Festival, Summerstock, , Calgary International Spoken Word Festival ,[157] and many other cultural and ethnic festivals. The Calgary International Film Festival is also held annually and the International Festival of Animated Objects. Calgary's best-known event is the Calgary Stampede, which has occurred every July except the year 2020, since 1912. It is one of the largest festivals in Canada, with a 2005 attendance of 1,242,928 at the 10-day rodeo and exhibition. [154] Museums Several museums are located in the city. The is the largest in Western Canada and includes an art gallery and a First Nations gallery. Other major museums include the Chinese Cultural Center (at 6,500 m2), Canada's largest autonomous cultural center),[160] Canada's Sports Hall of Fame (at ), , the National Music Centre, and . Films and television Numerous films have been filmed in Calgary and the surrounding area. Major films shot in and around the city include: The Assassination of Jesse James, Brokeback Mountain, Dances with Wolves, Recreation Doctor, Inception, Legends of the Fall, Unforgiven and The Revenant. The Paul Rudd drove Ghostbusters: Afterlife was filmed in downtown Calgary and Inglewood in 2019. [162] Television shows include Fargo (TV series), Black Summer (TV series), Wynonna Earp (TV series) [165] and Wild Roses (TV series). [166] Average Calgary Herald and the Calgary Sun are calgary's leading newspapers. The television networks Global, City, CTV and CBC have local studios in the city. Attractions Main article: List of attractions and landmarks in Calgary With a mix of boutiques, high-end retailers, and restaurants, Stephen Avenue is a major pedestrian mall and tourist attraction in Calgary. Despite no longer being the tallest building in the city, remains a prominent attraction and symbol of Calgary's culture. The center offers an eclectic mix of restaurants and bars, cultural venues, public squares (including Olympic Plaza), and shops. Notable shopping areas include such as The Core Shopping Centre (formerly Calgary Eaton Centre/TD Square), Stephen Avenue, and Eau Claire Market. Downtown tourist attractions include the , , Telus Convention Centre, Chinatown District, Glenbow Museum, Calgary Tower, Calgary Art Gallery (AGC), Military Museums, and the Common Arts. With 1.0 hectares, Devonian Gardens is one of the largest urban indoor gardens in the world,[167] and is located on the fourth floor of the Core Shopping Center (above shopping). The downtown region is also home to Prince's Island Park, an urban park located just north of the Eau Claire district. Directly south of downtown is Midtown and the Beltline. In the center of the neighborhood is the popular 17 Avenue, known for its many bars and nightclubs, restaurants, and shops. During the Calgary Flames Stanley Cup in 2004, 17 Avenue was frequented by more than 50,000 fans and fans per game night. The concentration of fans in the red jersey led to the street playoff nickname, the Red Mile. The center is easily accessible using the city's CTrain (LRT) light rail transit system. Attractions on the west side of the city include the Heritage Park Historical Village, depicting life in pre-1914 Alberta and with historic vehicles operating such as a steam train, paddle steamer, and electric tram. The village itself includes a mixture of replicated buildings and historic structures transferred from southern Alberta. Just west of the city limits is , western Canada's largest outdoor family amusement park, and just north of the park via the Trans Canada Highway is Springbank/Calgary Airport where the Wings over Springbank Airshow is held every July 18 and 19. Other top attractions in the city include Canada Olympic Park, which has the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, and . In addition to the numerous shopping areas in the city center, there are a number of large suburban shopping complexes in the city. Among the largest are and to the south, Westhills and Hill in the southwest, South Trail Crossing and Deerfoot Meadows in the southeast, in the northwest, Sunridge Sunridge in the northeast, and the new CrossIron Mills and New Horizon Mall just north of the city limits of Calgary, and south of the city of Airdrie. The is an iconic bridge and iconic symbol of the city that crosses the Bow River between Sunnyside and Eau Claire near downtown Calgary. Skyline Main Article: List of tallest buildings in Calgary Calgary's four tallest buildings are located at the eastern end of downtown. Downtown Calgary has a prominent and recognizable skyline that includes Brookfield Place, The Bow, , , , and calgary tower. It stretches about 16 blocks of cities from east to west and is visible from many of the city's surrounding suburban communities. Office towers are mostly concentrated at the eastern end of the center, while many residential, mixed-use towers are located toward the western end of downtown and into the Beltline, south of the city center. There are 14 towers that are at least 150 meters (about 40 floors) or taller in downtown Calgary. [168] The city skyline is rapidly evolving. As of March 2019, there are 10 skyscrapers of over 100 meters (328 feet) under construction, along with another 34 skyscrapers over 100 meters (328 feet) approved or proposed, with another 56 towers over 35 meters (115 feet) under construction or approved for construction. Calgary's tallest skyscraper is 247-meter Brookfield Place. In second place, the Arch is located at 236 m (774 feet) with 60 floors,[170] and 222 meters (728 ft) TELUS Sky is the third highest. [171] Towers in the center of downtown are the tallest twin towers in Canada. [173] Sport and recreation Main article: Sport in CalgarySee also: Calgary offered for the 2026 Winter Olympics The eroded fields of overlooking Canada Olympic Park and the Canadian Rockies. Within Calgary there are about 8,000 ha (20,000 acres) of park available for public use and recreation. These parks include Fish Creek Provincial Park, Inglewood Bird Sanctuary, Bowness Park, , Confederation Park, Prince's Island Park, Nose Hill Park, and . Nose Hill Park is one of canada's largest municipal parks with 1,129 hectares. The park was the subject of a revitalization plan that began in 2006. Its trail system is currently undergoing rehabilitation in accordance with this plan. [175] Calgary's oldest park, Central Memorial Park, dates back to 1911. Similar to Nose Hill Park, revitalization also took place in Central Memorial Park in 2008-2009 and reopened to the public in 2010 while maintaining its Victorian style. An 800 km route system connects these parks and various neighborhoods. [174] Calgary also has several private sports clubs including the Glencoe Club and Calgary Winter Creek Provincial Park, located in Calgary, is the second largest urban park in Canada. Largely due to its proximity to the Rocky Mountains, Calgary has traditionally been a popular destination for winter sports. Since hosting the 1988 Winter Olympics, the city has also been home to a number of major winter sports facilities such as Canada Olympic Park (bobsleigh, luge, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, downhill skiing, snowboarding and some summer sports) and the (speed skating and hockey). These facilities serve as primary training locations for a number of competitive athletes. In addition, Canada Olympic Park serves as a mountain bike trail in the summer months. In summer, the Bow River is very popular among river beams[179] and fly fishermen. Golf is also an extremely popular activity for Calgarians and the region has a large number of courses. Century Downs Racetrack and Casino is a 5 1/2 furlong horse track located just north of town. Calgary hosted the 2009 World Water Ski Championship Festival in August at Predator Bay Water Ski Club, about 40 km south of the city. [182] As part of Alberta's broader battle, the city's sports teams enjoy a popular rivalry with their Edmonton counterparts, particularly rivalries between the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League and the Edmonton Oilers, and the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League and Edmonton Eskimos. [184] is a multi-purpose indoor arena and is home to the Calgary Flames of the NHL, and the Calgary Roughnecks of the NLL. McMahon Stadium is the home stadium of the Calgary Stampeders of the CFL and was the Olympic Stadium for the 1988 Winter Olympics. Calgary is the birthplace of the Hart family and home to the Hart Dungeon family, where Hart family patriarch Stu Hart,[186] has trained numerous professional wrestlers including Superstar Billy Graham, Brian Pillman, the British Bulldogs, Edge, Christian, Greg Valentine, Chris Jericho, Jushin Thunder Liger and many others. Among the apprentices were also members of the Hart family, including WWE Hall of Fame member and former WWE champion Bret Hart and his brother, 1994's WWF King of the Ring, Owen Hart. In 1997 Calgary hosted The World Police & Fire Games hosting over 16,000 athletes from around the world. Professional sports teams Club League Venue Established Championships Calgary Stampeders Canadian Football League McMahon Stadium 1945 8 Calgary Flames National Hockey League Scotiabank Saddledome 1 Calgary Roughnecks National Lacrosse League Scotiabank Saddledom 3 Cavalry FC Canadian Premier League ATCO Field 2018 0 Amateur and junior club Club League Venue Established Championships Calgary Canucks Junior Hockey League Max Bell Centre 1971 9 Calgary Mustangs Alberta Junior Hockey League League David Bauer Olympic Arena 1990 1 Calgary Hitmen Western Hockey League Scotiabank Saddledome 1995 2 Calgary Mavericks Rugby Canada National Junior Championship Calgary Rugby Park 1 Prairie Wolf Pack Canadian Rugby Championship Calgary Rugby Park 2009 1 Government The city is a center of corporate power, a high percentage of the workforce is employed in white-collar jobs. The high concentration of oil and gas companies led to the rise of Peter Lougheed's Progressive Conservative Party in 1971. However, as Calgary's population grows, so does the diversity of its politics. Calgary Municipal Building Municipal Policy is the seat of local government for the city of Calgary. Attached to the building is calgary's historic town hall built in 1911. The city of Calgary is a municipal company with a board-manager government structure consisting of a member council elected every four years. The Council itself consists of a mayor and fourteen councillors representing the geographical regions of the city. The legal authority to rule as a creature of the province derives from various regulations and laws of the Alberta Legislature, of which the municipal government law and the Calgary City Charter, 2018 regulation provide many of the powers and responsibilities for the city. [188] Current Mayor Naheed Nenshi was first elected in the 2010 municipal elections and later re-elected in 2013 and 2017. Three school boards operate independently of each other in Calgary, the public, separate (Catholic) and French- speaking systems. Both the public and separate boards have 7 directors elected each representing 2 of the 14 wards. School boards are considered part of Calgary city policy because they are elected to the City Council at the same time. [190] Provincial politics Following the 2019 provincial elections, Calgary is represented by twenty-six MLA, including twenty-three United Conservative Parties and three New Democratic Parties of Alberta. On October 19, 2015, Calgary elected its first two Liberal federal deputies since 1968, Darshan Kang for Calgary Skyview and Kent Hehr for Calgary Centre. The remaining MPs are members of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC). Prior to 2015, the Liberals had elected only three Calgary MPs in their entire history: Manley Edwards (1940–1945),[194] Harry Hays (1963–1965)[195] and Pat Mahoney (1968–1972). 's federal ride was held by former prime minister and CPC leader . This seat was also held by Preston Manning, the leader of the Reform Party of Canada; it was known as the Calgary Southwest at the time. Harper is the second Prime Minister to represent a Calgary leader; the first was B. Bennett di Calgary West, che deteneva tale posizione dal 1930 al 1935. Joe Clark, ex ex The minister and former leader of canada's Progressive Conservative Party (also a predecessor to the CPC), held the leadership of the Calgary Centre during his second sting in Parliament from 2000 to 2004. The also broke through calgary, exemplified by the results of the 2011 federal election in which they won 7.7% of the vote across the city, ranging from 4.7% in Calgary Northeast to 13.1% in Calgary Centre-North. [197] Crime Main article: Calgary Police Service members serving in Rideau Park The Calgary Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) had a crime severity index of 60.4 in 2013, which is below the national average of 68.7. [198] A slight majority of other CPas in Canada had higher crime severity indices than Calgary 60.4. Calgary had the sixth-highest number of homicides in 2013 at the age of 24. [198] Main military article: Military in Calgary This section does not mention any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Non-sourced material can be disputed and removed. (August 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The presence of the has been part of the local economy and culture since the early 20th century, starting with the assignment of a squadron of the Strathcona Horse. After many failed attempts to create the city unit, the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles) was finally authorized on April 1, 1910. Calgary was founded as Currie Barracks and Harvie Barracks after World War II. The base remained the most significant institution of the city's Department of National Defense (DND) until it was disused in 1998, when most units moved to CFB Edmonton. Despite this closure, there are still a number of canadian forces reserve units, and cadet units manned throughout the city. They include the HMCS Tecumseh Naval Reserve unit, The King's Own Calgary Regiment, The Calgary Highlanders, both based at Mewata Armouries, 746 Communication Squadron, 41 Canadian Brigade Group, based at former CFB Calgary headquarters, 14 (Calgary) Service Battalion, 15 (Edmonton) Field Ambulance Detachment Calgary, 14 (Edmonton) Military Police Platoon Calgary, 41 Combat Engineer Regiment detachment Calgary (33 Engineer Squadron) , along with a small Regular Force support group. As of 2013, the 746 Communication Squadron is now known as 41 Signals 3 Squadron. Several units have been granted the freedom of the city. The Calgary Soldiers Memorial commemorates those who died during the war or while serving abroad. Along with those of the units currently stationed in Calgary the 10th Battalion, cef and 50th Battalion, CEF of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Infrastructure Transport Main articles: Transport in Calgary and C-Train See also: List of in the Calgary Area Public Transport and Light Rail The CTrain is Calgary's light rail transit system, boasting the second highest driving system in North America. Calgary Transit provides city-class public transportation services by bus and light rail. Calgary's light rail system, known as CTrain, was one of the first such systems in North America (behind Edmonton LRT). It consists of two lines (Red Line and Blue Line), 44 stations and 58.2 km (36.2 miles) of track. The Calgary LRT is one of the busiest on the continent carrying 270,000 passengers every weekday, and about half of downtown Calgary workers take transit to work. The CTrain is also the first and only LRT in North America to run 100% wind-generated renewable energy. In early 2020, the city council approved the construction of the Calgary Green Line, the third light rail line in the city's rapid transit network. It will be the first railway line in Calgary to operate low-floor trains and is the largest public works project in Calgary's history, about three and a half times larger than the second-largest project. Calgary Airport is the gateway to the Rocky Mountains of Canada. Calgary International Airport (YYC), in the northeast of the city, is an important transportation and cargo hub for much of central and western Canada. It is Canada's fourth busiest airport, serving 18 million passengers in 2019. The airport serves as the main gateway to Banff National Park, located 90 minutes west, and the entire Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks system. [203] Non-stop destinations include cities across Canada, the United States, Europe, Central America, and Asia. Calgary/Springbank Airport, Canada's 11th busiest, serves as a lift for calgary international taking general air traffic and is also a base for aerial firefighting aircraft. Pedestrian and Calgary cycling has the largest network of paved trails in North America[205] As an alternative to the more than 260 km (160 miles) of bike paths shared on the roads, the city has a network of multi-use routes (bicycle, walking, rollerblading, etc.) that span 935 km (581 miles). The Peace Bridge provides pedestrians and cyclists with access to the center from the north side of the Bow River. The bridge ranked among the top 10 architectural projects in 2012 and among the top 10 public spaces of 2012. Skyway Calgary's $15 skyway network is the world's largest pedestrian skywalk system. In the 1960s, Calgary began to develop a series of pedestrian bridges that connected many downtown buildings. Today, these bridges connect between most of the office towers of the of the city and constitute the largest skyway network in the world (elevated indoor footbridges), officially called no. 15. The system protects pedestrians from the city's extreme cold winter The name comes from the fact that the bridges are usually 15 feet (4.6 m) above ground. [208] Calgary Roads and Highways is located at the intersection of Highway 2 and the Trans-Canada Highway, making it an important hub for freight transit through Canada and along the CANAMEX Corridor. Stoney Trail forms an almost completed ring road around the city that will be completely finished in 2022 when the final section opens west of Calgary. Highways and expressways are mostly called trails. Highway 2, called the Deerfoot Trail, is the main north-south route through Calgary and one of Canada's busiest highways. Much of Calgary's road network is on a network where roads are numbered with avenues running east, west, and roads running north, south. Until 1904 the streets were named; after that date, all roads were given numbers radiating outwards from the city center. [211] Roads in predominantly residential areas, as well as highways and expressways are generally not network compliant and are usually not numbered. However, it is a convention of developers and cities in Calgary that unnumbered streets within a new community have the same prefix as the community itself. Rail Calgary's presence along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) main line (which includes the CPR Alyth Yard) makes the city an important freight rail hub throughout the province. There is currently no inter-city or regional passenger railway serving the city. In June 2020, the Canada Infrastructure Bank signed a memorandum of understanding with the Alberta government to build a 130-kilometer inter-city railway line from downtown Calgary to Banff, and an express line from Calgary International Airport to downtown Calgary. Between 1955 and 1978, CPR operated a transcontinental passenger rail service called canadian, which ran between Toronto and Vancouver through CPR's right of access through Calgary. In 1978, VIA Rail took over responsibility for CPR's Canadian rail service. In the aftermath of another round of budget cuts at Via Rail on January 15, 1990, VIA permanently interrupated the Super Continental and diverted the Canadian along the Cn route of the Super Continental, bypassing Regina and Calgary in favor of Saskatoon and Edmonton. Since then, there has been no intercity rail service to or from Calgary. But two new rail lines have opened along the now open right-of-way CPR: Rocky Mountaineer and Royal Canadian Pacific. The latter still operates rail tour services to Calgary, while the former has finished its westbound services to Banff, two hours west. Health care Medical centers and hospitals Main: Health Care in Calgary Located in Calgary, Foothills Medical Center is the largest hospital in the province of Alberta. Calgary has four major adult acute care hospitals and a major paediatric acute care site: Alberta Children's Hospital, the Medical Centre, Peter Lougheed Centre, Rockyview General Hospital and South Health Campus. They are all overseen by the Calgary area of Alberta Health Services, formerly calgary's health care region. Calgary is also home to the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (located at Foothills Medical Centre), the Grace Women's Health Centre, which provides a variety of care, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute. In addition, the Sheldon M. Chumir Centre (a large 24-hour evaluation clinic), and the Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre (RRDTC), as well as hundreds of small medical and dental clinics operate in Calgary. The Faculty of Medicine of the University of Calgary also works in collaboration with Alberta Health Services, researching cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, joint lesions, arthritis and genetics. Alberta Children's Hospital, built in 2006, replaced the old Children's Hospital. Calgary's four largest hospitals have a total of more than 2,100 beds and employ more than 11,500 people. [215] Primary and Secondary School In the 2011-2012 school year, 100,632 K-12 students enrolled in 221 schools in the Public English-speaking school system run by the Calgary Board of Education. [216] With other students enrolled in the CBe-learn and Chinook Learning Service associated programs, the total enrollment of the school system is 104,182 students. A further 43,000 attend about 95 schools on the separate council of calgary's English-language Catholic School District. The much smaller French-speaking community has its own French (The Southern Francophone Education Region No. 4) school board, which is also based in Calgary, but serves a larger regional district. There are also several public charter schools in the city. Calgary has a number of unique schools, including the country's first high school designed exclusively for Olympic-caliber athletes, the National Sport School. Calgary is also home to many private schools including Mountain View Academy, Rundle College, Rundle Academy, Clear Water Academy, Calgary French and International School, Chinook Winds Adventist Academy, Webber Academy, Delta West Academy, Masters Academy, Calgary Islamic School, Menno Simons Christian School, West Island College, Edge School, Calgary Christian School, Heritage Christian Academy, and Bearspaw Christian School. Calgary is also home to western Canada's largest public school, Lord Beaverbrook High School, with 2,241 students enrolled in the 2005-2006 school year. Lord Beaverbrook's student population is currently 1,812 students (September 2012) and many other schools are just as large; Western Canada High School with 2,035 students (2009) and Sir Winston Churchill High School with 1,983 (2009). Post-secondary energy environment learning building at the University of The publicly funded University of Calgary (U of C) is Calgary's largest undergraduate facility with an enrollment of 28,464 students in 2011. [220] Mount Royal University, with 13,000 students, graduated from a number of fields. SAIT Polytechnic, with over 14,000 students, provides polytechnic and apprenticeship education, awarding certificates, diplomas and applied diplomas. Athabasca University provides distance education programs. Both SAIT and the University of Calgary have CTrain light rail stations on their campuses. Other calgary-funded post-secondary institutions include Alberta University of the Arts, Ambrose University College (associated with the Christian and Missionary Alliance and Nazarene Church), Bow Valley College, and St. Mary's University. [221] Athabasca University, the publicly funded Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT), and the University of Lethbridge[221] also have campuses in Calgary. [222] [223] [224] Several independent private institutions are located in the city. This includes Reeves College, MaKami College, Robertson College, Columbia College, Alberta Bible College, and CDI College. Media article: Calgary Calgary newspaper media includes the Calgary Herald, Calgary Sun and StarMetro. Calgary is Canada's sixth-largest television market. [225] Transmission stations serving Calgary include CICT 2 (Global), CFCN 4 (CTV), CKAL 5 (City), CBRT 9 (CBC), CKCS 32 (YesTV), and CJCO 38 (Omni). Network affiliate programming from the United States comes from Spokane, Washington. There are a wide range of radio stations, including a station for first nations and the Canadian Asian community. Notable characters Main article: List of people from Calgary International relations The city of Calgary maintains commercial development programs, cultural and educational partnerships in twinning agreements with six cities:[226][227] City Province/State Country Data Quebec City Quebec Canada 1956 Jaipur Rajasthan India 1973 Naucalpan Mexico 1994 Daqing Heilongjiang China 1985 Daejeon Daejeon South Korea 1996 Phoenix[228] Arizona US 1997 Calgary is one of nine Canadian cities, out of a total of 98 cities internationally, which is in New York's global partners, organization,[229] which was formed in 2006 by the former Sister City program of New York City, Inc. [230] See also Canada Portal List of Cities in Alberta List of Communities in Alberta Calgary Awards References - Eric Volmers (May 13, 2012). Alberta is the best on TV, feted movie in Rosies. Calgary Herald. Postmedia network. Originally seen June 17, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2015. Curtis Stock (July 7, 2009). Alberta has a lot of swing. Calgary Herald. Postmedia network. Filed under January 3, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2015. Location and history profile: City City Calgary (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. June 17, 2016. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016. Biography of the City Manager. City of Calgary. August 30, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019. a b c:The population and housing count, for Canada, the provinces and territories, and the subdivisions of the census (municipal), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta). Canada statistics. February 8, 2017. Originally published February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017. (b) Population and housing counts, for Canada, provinces and territories and population centers, 2016 and 2011, 100% data (Alberta). Canada statistics. February 8, 2017. Originally published February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017. a b Population and housing counts, for the census of metropolitan areas, the 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data. Canada statistics. February 8, 2017. Originally published February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017. a b Alberta Private Sewage Systems 2009 Standard of Practice Handbook: Appendix A.3 Alberta Design Data (A.3.A. Alberta Climate Design Data by Town) (PDF) (PDF). Security Code Council. January 2012. pp. 212–215 (PDF pages 226–229). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013. a b Published 2019 Census Results. City of Calgary. September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019. - b Global GDP of cities 2014. Brookings Institution. Originally seen June 5, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2014. Calgary-Edmonton Corridor. Canada statistics. Originally published February 23, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2006. Calgary Industries. Calgary's economic development. Originally published February 18, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014. a b c State of the West 2010: Demographic and Economic Trends of Western Canada (PDF) (PDF). Canada West Foundation. 2010. pp. 65 & 102. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2014. Why Calgary? Our economy in depth (PDF). Calgary's economic development. 2018. p. 61. Originally published February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Calgary has named it the most liveable city in North America. www.calgaryeconomicdevelopment.com. Recovered November 5, 2019. Calgary is the best city in the world for drivers, says the Poste National survey. National Post. November 14, 2019. a b Larry Donovan and Tom Monto (2006). Alberta Place Names : The fascinating people and stories behind Alberta's name. Dragon Hill Publishing Ltd. p. 34.CS1 maint: use authors parameter (link) - [full citation required] Mull Tobermory, Isle of Mull, Scotland. Retrieved July 10, 2007. a b c d Fromhold, Joachim (2001). 2001 Names of West Indian places - - 1. Calgary: Lulu. pp. CCC. ISBN 9780557438365. Dahold, Joachim (2001). 2001 INDIAN PLACE NAMES OF THE WEST, Part 2: Ads by Country. Calgary: Lulu. p. 24. ISBN 9781300389118. a b c d 7 names for Calgary before it became Calgary. CBC News. December 3, 2015. Originally released November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017. Klaszus, Jeremy (October 18, 2017). Like Naheed Nenshi's tense re-election, it forces us to confront Canadian racism. The walrus. Originally filed december 1, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2017. Nenshi, Naheed. FINA: Standing Committee on Finance NUMBER 114 - 1st SESSION - 42nd PARLIAMENT. EVIDENCE Friday, October 6, 2017 (PDF). Standing Committee on Finance. 114: 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 1, 2017. Recovered November 21, 2017 – via ourcommons.ca. We all know that until last year's Fort McMurray fires, flooding in southern Alberta in 2013 was the most convenient natural disaster in Canadian history. While we've done a great job over the next four years, within the city of Calgary we continue to need assistance in flood mitigation upstream. Calgary is a city built at the confluence of two rivers in a place called Moh-Kins-Tsis, the elbow. We can't move the city. We can't make room for the river. This is where the rivers are. As a result, it's incredibly important that we do the engineering work on upstream mitigation. a b Wilkes, Rhyme; Duong, Aaron; Kesler, Linc; Ramos, Howard (February 21, 2017). Recognition of the lands, treaties and peoples of indigenous universities. Canadian review of sociology. 54 (1): 89–102. doi:10.1111/cars.12140. PMID 28220681. a b Guide to the recognition of the first peoples and the traditional territory. Canadian Association of University Teachers. November 19, 2017. Originally released November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017. Visit the Esker Foundation. Esker Foundation. November 20, 2017. Originally released November 22, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017. It is important to recognize and reflect on the fact that the Esker Foundation is located on the traditional territories of the Niitsitapi (Black Feet) and the people of the Treaty 7 region in southern Alberta, which includes Siksika, Piikuni, Kainai, Tsuut'ina, and First Nations Stoney Nakoda. We are also located on land adjacent to where the Bow River meets the Elbow River; the traditional Blackfoot name of this place is Mohkinstsis, which we now call the city of Calgary. The city of Calgary is also home to Métis Nation of Alberta, Region III. The University of Calgary has recommended recognition of traditional indigenous territories (PDF). University of Calgary. November 19, 2017. Welcome of Calgary. I would like to take this opportunity to recognize the traditional territories of Black feet and the population of the Treaty 7 region in southern Alberta, which includes Siksika, Piikuni, Kainai, Tsuut'ina, and First Nations Stoney Nakoda, including Chiniki, Bearspaw, and Wesley First Nation. I would also like to note that the University of Calgary is located on land adjacent to where the Bow River meets the Elbow River, and that the traditional Blackfoot name of this place is Mohkinstsis which we now call the city of Calgary. The city of Calgary is also home to Métis Nation of Alberta, Region III. [permanent dead link] - Recognition of the Territory of the Treaty 7. Bow Valley College. November 19, 2017. Originally filed december 1, 2017. We are located in the traditional territories of the Niitsitapi (Confederation of Black feet) and the population of the Treaty 7 region in southern Alberta, which includes Siksika, Piikani, Kainai, Tsuut'ina and Iyarhe Nakoda. We are located on land where the Bow River meets the Elbow River, and the traditional Blackfoot name of this place is 'Mohkinstsis' which we now call the city of Calgary. The city of Calgary is also home to Metis Nation of Alberta, Region 3. Oki (Welcome) to the Iniskim Center. Mount Royal University. November 19, 2017. Originally filed december 1, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2017. Mount Royal University is located in the traditional territories of the Niitsitapi (Black feet) and the population of the Treaty 7 region in southern Alberta, which includes Siksika, Piikuni, Kainai, Tsuut'ina and Iyarhe Nakoda. We are located on land where the Bow River meets the Elbow River. The traditional Blackfoot name of this place is 'Mohkinstsis', which we now call the city of Calgary. The city of Calgary is also home to the Métis Nation. The Canadian press (November 13, 2017). What's in a name? For Alberta First Nations looking for heritage recognition, a lot. CBC News. 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Retrieved March 31, 2010. - Investor & Financial Information. Canadian Airlines. March 3, 2000. Retrieved May 20, 2009. Pigg, Susan. Zip, WestJet in fare war that could hurt both; The move follows the competition office's decision that Battle could intensify when the zip flies east on February 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Toronto Star. 22 January 2003. Business C01. Retrieved September 30, 2009. Administration. canadiannorth.com. Originally filed on August 23, 2013. Cards. canadiannorth.com. Originally filed on August 23, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2012. a b Morgan, Geoffrey (12 August 2015). 'Ghost vacancies' haunt downtown Calgary as oil patch lay off empty office buildings. Financial Post. Calgary. Originally released October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015. Calgary 2012: Federal government cancels cultural capital program - Avenue Calgary - July 2012. Avenue Calgary. July 6, 2012. Originally archived April 12, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2016. Past census results. 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Our history - Calgary Pride - 30 years of pride in Calgary. Calgary Pride 2020 Reinvented. Retrieved September 3, 2020. Hunt, Stephen. Kiwanis Music Festival changes its name. www.calgaryherald.com. Recovered April 16, 2020. Calgary Spoken Word Festival. calgaryspokenwordfestival.com. Originally filed on August 31, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011. About us Animated Object Festival. www.puppetfestival.ca. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017. Calgary Kiosk (2006). Glenbow Museum. Originally seen July 2, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2007. Chinese Cultural Center of Calgary. Where. 2007. Originally released October 6 Retrieved June 28, 2007. Calgary's film industry. Calgary Economic Economics Originally released September 7, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014. Paul Rudd has just been spotted in this pub in downtown Calgary (FRAME) Flat. dailyhive.com. Recovered January 16, 2020. Volmers, Eric. Find calgary buildings while watching the Fargo TV series. www.calgaryherald.com. Recovered January 16, 2020. Netflix's new Black Summer series was filmed in the Calgary area. Etcetera. dailyhive.com. Recovered January 16, 2020. July 2, Eric Volmers Updated; 2019 (2 July 2019). Calgary-based Wynonna Earp overcomes financial problems by shooting to start Season 4 Calgary Herald. Retrieved January 16, 2020.CS1 maint: numerical names: authors list (link) - PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines. www.pressreader.com. Recovered January 16, 2020. City of Calgary. Devonian Gardens. Originally released October 13, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2007. Calgary Skyscraper Map - SkyscraperPage.com. skyscraperpage.com. Recovered September 25, 2020. Calgary Skyscraper Map - SkyscraperPage.com. skyscraperpage.com. Recovered September 25, 2020. The bow. Emporis GMBH. 2012. Originally released November 4, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012. Eighth Avenue Place I. Skyscraperpage. 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Calgary, Alberta Golf Courses. GolfLink. Retrieved June 10, 2020. Century Downs Racetrack and Casino. Originally seen March 26, 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2019. 2009 WORLD WATER SKIING CHAMPIONSHIPS IWWF. Retrieved June 10, 2020. Google (June 10, 2020). Predatory Bay (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved June 10, 2020. Campbell, Dave (July 30, 2019). Edmonton Eskimos prepares for Round 1 of Alberta's 2019 battle in Calgary. Global news. June 10, 2020. Johnson, George (October 14, 2005). Bile back in the Battle of Alberta. Espn. Extract Extract 10, 2020. - a b Stu Hart. Wwe. Originally released October 31, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2011. Calgary politics 1971-1991. University of Calgary. 1997. Originally filed june 1, 2007. Retrieved June 28, 2007. Municipal Government Law, R.S.A. 2000 (PDF). alberta.ca. Alberta Queen's Printer. Retrieved March 21, 2020. Calgary City Charter, 2018 AR Regulation 40/2018 (PDF). alberta.ca. Alberta Queen's Printer. Retrieved March 21, 2020. 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Aircraft movement statistics: NAV CANADA Towers and flight service stations: Annual report (TP 577): Table 2-1 – Total aircraft movements by operating class – NAV towers statcan.gc.ca. Originally released September 7, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2012. Parks, Calgary. Calgary. and bike paths. www.calgary.ca. Recovered September 3, 2020. designboom 2012 top ten: public spaces. designboom – architecture and design magazine. December 28, 2012. Originally seen January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014. Calgary's 15 Skywalk. City of Calgary. 2013. Originally filed december 25, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2013. The first bridge #15 was installed on January 21, 1970, connecting Calgary Place to the Calgary Inn (now the Westin Hotel). In 1984, Calgary's Skywalk #15 consisted of 38 bridges, 8 km of walkways, and numerous public spaces. Today there are more than 62 bridges and 18 km (11 mi) of walkways. The city of Calgary (February 2007). Plus 15. Originally released August 21, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2007. Gibson, John (July 5, 2018). Work on the Calgary ring road for the final $1 billion stage to begin in 2019. CBC News. Retrieved July 5, 2018. Klaszus, Jeremy (June 7, 2012). Deerfoot's revenge. Calgary Herald. Originally archived January 2, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016. The strange history of the streets of the city of Calgary. SmartCalgaryHomes.com. Originally filed on June 18, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2009. Google (June 10, 2020). Calgary (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved June 10, 2020. Calgary-Banff Rail. Canada Infrastructure Bank - Banque de l'infrastructure du Canada. Retrieved September 3, 2020. - Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary (2011). Faculty of Medicine Quick Facts. Originally archived June 22, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2007. - Calgary Economic Development (2006). Calgary Hospitals. Originally published February 8, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2007. (b) Quick facts. Calgary Board of Education. January 11, 2012. 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Archived from the original on 15, 2013. Retrieved November 21, 2012. Television Bureau of Canada: TV Basics 2014–2015 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2015. Calgary's economic development. Sister City. Originally filed july 22, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2007. City of Calgary. Welcome to Calgary. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009. Phoenix Sister Cities. Phoenix Sister Cities. Originally archived July 24, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2013. Partner city of New York. Government of New York. Originally published February 1, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2013. New York City Global Partners. Government of New York. Originally seen March 9, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2013. Read also Janz, Darrel (2001). Calgary – Heart of the New West. Memphis, Tennessee: Towery Pub. ISBN 978-1-881096-93-1. Kozub, Mark; Kozub, Janice (2001). A Calgary album: Glimpses of the Way We Were. Dundurn Press. ISBN 978-0-88882-224-6. Retrieved April 6, 2011. Martin, James (2002). Calgary – The unknown city (revised ed. Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBN 978-1-55152-111-4. Retrieved April 6, 2011. McMorran, Jennifer; Brodeur,Franàois (1999). Calgary. The Ulysses ditions. ISBN 978-2-89464-171-2. Retrieved April 6, 2011. External links sister projects of Calgaryat WikipediaDefinitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity Official website Retrieved from Avenue SWLength12.5 km[1] (7.8 mi)LocationCalgary, AlbertaEast endMacleod TrailMajorjunctions14 Street SWCrowchild Trail37 Street SWSarcee TrailWest end101 Street SW(Calgary city limits) 17 Avenue SW is one of the main east-west thoroughfares in the southwest quadrant of the city of Calgary, Alberta. Between the Calgary Stampede Grounds and 14 Street SW, it's a commercial street, with bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and shops, which has been designated a corporate revitalization zone. Officially named 17th Ave Retail and Entertainment District. [2] From 14th Street to the Sarcee Trail, it is flanked by a mix of residential and commercial spaces, with small shopping malls, a retirement home,[3] and denser commercial developments in the area. West of the Sarcee Trail it crosses suburban neighborhoods and grounds, from Rundle College and the Westside Recreation Centre. The west extension of the C-Train light rail transit system runs along 17 Avenue west of 33 Street SW, as well as rapid bus transit. Red Mile Celebration typical along red mile main article: Red Mile 17th Avenue was nicknamed the Red Mile in 2004 during the playoff race of Calgary's NHL team, the Calgary Flames. During period, was it's not uncommon to see over 100,000 fans flocking to the street and its bars and pubs on game nights. [citation required]. The block has become an unofficial gathering place for Calgary Flames fans, with many celebrating in the street during their last playoff run in 2015. [4] The road also dead-ends at stampede grounds on its east side and is therefore central to the party-like atmosphere that passes the city during the Calgary Stampede festival. [quote required] Main intersections East to west. The whole route is in Calgary. km[1]miDestinationsNotes 0.00.0Macleod TrailOne-way, heading north 0.20.121 Street SE (a Macleod Trail south)One-way, heading south 0.40.25Centre Street S 0.90.564 Street SW 1.10.685 Street SW 1.60.998 Street SW 2.51.614 Street SW 2 Ramps for Crowchild Trail partial cloverleaf interchange 4.12.524 Street SW (to Crowchild Trail south) 5.43.4 33 Street SW, Spruce Drive – Westbrook Station 5.83.637 Sw Road 6.64.145 SW Road Steps 45th Street SW station 7.3–7.64.5–4.7Sarcee TrailPartial clover interchange 7.94.9Sirroco Drive / Costello Boulevard Pass Scirocco Station 9.25.7 69 SW Road – 69th Street SW station 10.96.885 Street SW 12.47.7 Stoney Trail (Hwy 201)under construction 12.57.8Township Road 242Calgary city limits; the carriageway continues westward 1,000 miles and 1,609 km; 1,000 km - 0.621 mi Unopened See also Route map: KML file (edit - help) Template:Attached KML/17 Avenue SW (Calgary)KML is not from Wikidata Transportation in Calgary References - a b Google (May 12, 2017). 17 Avenue SW in Calgary, AB (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 12, 2017. 17th Ave SW – Retail & Entertainment District. Retrieved May 12, 2017. Manor Village in Signature Park. Comfortable life. Our children's media. Retrieved December 15, 2015. Markusoff, Jason (April 25, 2015). How 17 Avenue changed but Red Mile Parts on. Calgary Herald. Postal media. Retrieved December 15, 2015. External Links 17th Ave Business Directory 17th Ave Retail & Entertainment District Retrieved from

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