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Mister Mary Somerville: Husband and Secretary
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Mister Mary Somerville: Husband and Secretary Journal Item How to cite: Stenhouse, Brigitte (2020). Mister Mary Somerville: Husband and Secretary. The Mathematical Intelligencer (Early Access). For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2020 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00283-020-09998-6 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Mister Mary Somerville: Husband and Secretary BRIGITTE STENHOUSE ary Somerville’s life as a mathematician and mathematician). Although no scientific learned society had a savant in nineteenth-century Great Britain was formal statute barring women during Somerville’s lifetime, MM heavily influenced by her gender; as a woman, there was nonetheless a great reluctance even toallow women her access to the ideas and resources developed and into the buildings, never mind to endow them with the rights circulated in universities and scientific societies was highly of members. Except for the visit of the prolific author Margaret restricted. However, her engagement with learned institu- Cavendish in 1667, the Royal Society of London did not invite tions was by no means nonexistent, and although she was women into their hallowed halls until 1876, with the com- 90 before being elected a full member of any society mencement of their second conversazione [15, 163], which (Societa` Geografica Italiana, 1870), Somerville (Figure 1) women were permitted to attend.1 As late as 1886, on the nevertheless benefited from the resources and social nomination of Isis Pogson as a fellow, the Council of the Royal networks cultivated by such institutions from as early as Astronomical Society chose to interpret their constitution as 1812. -
James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell JAMES CLERK MAXWELL Perspectives on his Life and Work Edited by raymond flood mark mccartney and andrew whitaker 3 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries c Oxford University Press 2014 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2014 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2013942195 ISBN 978–0–19–966437–5 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
ONE HUNDRED DRAWINGS and WATERCOLOURS Dating from the 16Th Century to the 21St Century
O N E H U N D R E D ONE HUNDRED D R A W I N DRAWINGS G S & W A AND T E R C O L O WATERCOLOURS U R S S T E P H E N O N G P I N G U Y P E P P I A T T Stephen Ongpin Fine Art Ltd. Guy Peppiatt Fine Art Ltd. 2 0 1 7 Riverwide House - 2 0 6 Mason’s Yard 1 Duke Street, St James’s 8 London SW1Y 6BU 100 drawings PART 1.qxp 13/11/2017 09:10 Page 1 GUY PEPPIATT FINE ART STEPHEN ONGPIN FINE ART ONE HUNDRED DRAWINGS AND WATERCOLOURS dating from the 16th Century to the 21st Century WINTER CATALOGUE 2017–2018 to be exhibited at Riverwide House 6 Mason’s Yard Duke Street, St. James’s London SW1Y 6BU Stephen Ongpin Fine Art Guy Peppiatt Fine Art Tel.+44 (0) 20 7930 8813 Tel.+44 (0) 20 7930 3839 or + 44 (0)7710 328 627 or +44 (0)7956 968 284 [email protected] [email protected] www.stephenongpin.com www.peppiattfineart.co.uk 1 100 drawings PART 1.qxp 14/11/2017 11:23 Page 2 We are delighted to present our tenth annual Winter catalogue of One Hundred Drawings and Watercolours, which includes a wide range of British and European drawings and watercolours, placed more or less in chronological order, ranging in date from the 16th century to nearly the present day. Although the areas of Old Master drawings, early British drawings and watercolours, 19th Century and Modern drawings have long been regarded as disparate fields, part of the purpose of this annual catalogue is to blur the distinction between these collecting areas. -
Debating Insurrection in Galt's Ringan Gilhaize
Studies in Scottish Literature Volume 46 Issue 1 Article 4 8-2020 Debating Insurrection in Galt's Ringan Gilhaize Padma Rangarajan University of California, Riverside Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Rangarajan, Padma (2020) "Debating Insurrection in Galt's Ringan Gilhaize," Studies in Scottish Literature: Vol. 46: Iss. 1, 7–13. Available at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl/vol46/iss1/4 This Symposium is brought to you by the Scottish Literature Collections at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in Scottish Literature by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEBATING INSURRECTION IN GALT’S RINGAN GILHAIZE Padma Rangarajan Anarchists, federalists, cantonalists, covenanters, terrorists, all who are unanimous in a desire to sweep away the present order, are grouped under the ensign of nihil. The frenzy which thus moves a whole people to tear their hair and rend their garments is at bottom an element of passionate melancholy born of just and noble aspirations crushed by fatal circumstances. —E.P. Bazán, Russia, Its People and Its Literature1 Throughout Ringan Gilhaize (1823), John Galt’s fictional recounting of the history of the Presbyterian establishment in Scotland, the novel attempts to maintain a delicate dialectic that constantly threatens to collapse into itself. Its narratological innovation—three generations of filial and social -
Edgar Buckingham: Fluorescence of Quinine Salts
Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 27, Number 1 (2002) 57 EDGAR BUCKINGHAM: FLUORESCENCE OF QUININE SALTS John T. Stock, University of Connecticut Malaria, an often-fatal disease, has been a worldwide factured from cinchona trees that are cultivated in South plague for several thousand years. The discovery of America and in the Far East. the efficacy of substances present in the bark of vari- It must have been known ous cinchona trees, native since ancient times that certain to the Andes, provided substances appear to have one some relief. A real anti- color when viewed by transmit- malarial drug was not ted light and another when available until 1820, when viewed obliquely. Mineralo- Joseph Baptiste Caventou gists recognize a type of fluor- (1795-1877) and Josephe spar, pale green when viewed Pelletier (1788-1842) iso- against the light, but appearing lated quinine from the blue when viewed at an angle bark (1). Eighty years af- to the light. Unrefined petro- ter their discovery, a statue leum shows the same kind of honoring these chemists effect, as do certain substances was erected in Paris (Fig. when in solution. Fluorescein, 1). used both in the laboratory as Other workers estab- an indicator and industrially for lished the formula for qui- the location of leaks in waste nine, showed that it acts as water systems, is a familiar ex- a diacid base, and that it ample. Another is quinine or, is a methoxy derivative of because of its low solubility in a companion alkaloid, cin- water, one of its salts. The so- chonine. The elucidation lution, colorless when viewed of the structure of these directly, appears blue when compounds, largely due to viewed at an angle to the inci- the work of Wilhelm dent light. -
Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination
Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900 Silke Stroh northwestern university press evanston, illinois Northwestern University Press www .nupress.northwestern .edu Copyright © 2017 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2017. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available from the Library of Congress. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons At- tribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. In all cases attribution should include the following information: Stroh, Silke. Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2017. For permissions beyond the scope of this license, visit www.nupress.northwestern.edu An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 3 Chapter 1 The Modern Nation- State and Its Others: Civilizing Missions at Home and Abroad, ca. 1600 to 1800 33 Chapter 2 Anglophone Literature of Civilization and the Hybridized Gaelic Subject: Martin Martin’s Travel Writings 77 Chapter 3 The Reemergence of the Primitive Other? Noble Savagery and the Romantic Age 113 Chapter 4 From Flirtations with Romantic Otherness to a More Integrated National Synthesis: “Gentleman Savages” in Walter Scott’s Novel Waverley 141 Chapter 5 Of Celts and Teutons: Racial Biology and Anti- Gaelic Discourse, ca. -
Philosophical Transactions, »
INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, » S e r ie s A, FOR THE YEAR 1898 (VOL. 191). A. Absorption, Change of, produced by Fluorescence (B urke), 87. Aneroid Barometers, Experiments on.—Elastic After-effect; Secular Change; Influence of Temperature (Chree), 441. B. Bolometer, Surface, Construction of (Petavel), 501. Brilliancy, Intrinsic, Law of Variation of, with Temperature (Petavel), 501. Burke (John). On the Change of Absorption produced by Fluorescence, 87. C. Chree (C.). Experiments on Aneroid Barometers at Kew Observatory, and their Discussion, 441. Correlation and Variation, Influence of Random Selection on (Pearson and Filon), 229. Crystals, Thermal Expansion Coefficients, by an Interference Method (Tutton), 313. D. Differential Equations of the Second Order, &c., Memoir on the Integration of; Characteristic Invariant of (Forsyth), 1. 526 INDEX. E. Electric Filters, Testing Efficiency of; Dielectrifying Power of (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electricity, Diffusion of, from Carbonic Acid Gas to Air; Communication of, from Electrified Steam to Air (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrification of Air by Water Jet, Electrified Needle Points, Electrified Flame, &c., at Different Air-pressures; at Different Electrifying Potentials; Loss of Electrification (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrolytic Cells, Construction and Calibration of (Veley and Manley), 365. Emissivity of Platinum in Air and other Gases (Petavel), 501. Equations, Laplace's and other, Some New Solutions of, in Mathematical Physics (Forsyth), 1. Evolution, Mathematical Contributions to Theory o f; Influence of Random Selection on the Differentiation of Local Races (Pearson and Filon), 229. F. Filon (L. N. G.) and Pearson (Karl). Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution.—IV. On the Probable Errors of Frequency Constants and on the Influence of Random Selection on Variation and Correlation, 229. -
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 2 License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy Author: George Biddell Airy Release Date: January 9, 2004 [EBook #10655] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR GEORGE AIRY *** Produced by Joseph Myers and PG Distributed Proofreaders AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY, K.C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ASTRONOMER ROYAL FROM 1836 TO 1881. EDITED BY WILFRID AIRY, B.A., M.Inst.C.E. 1896 PREFACE. The life of Airy was essentially that of a hard-working, business man, and differed from that of other hard-working people only in the quality and variety of his work. It was not an exciting life, but it was full of interest, and his work brought him into close relations with many scientific men, and with many men high in the State. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
The Solar Wind Prevents Re-Accretion of Debris After Mercury's Giant Impact
Draft version February 21, 2020 Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 12/16/11 THE SOLAR WIND PREVENTS RE-ACCRETION OF DEBRIS AFTER MERCURY'S GIANT IMPACT Christopher Spalding1 & Fred C. Adams2;3 1Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 2Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 and 3Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Draft version February 21, 2020 ABSTRACT The planet Mercury possesses an anomalously large iron core, and a correspondingly high bulk density. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain such a large iron content. A long-standing idea holds that Mercury once possessed a larger silicate mantle which was removed by a giant impact early in the the Solar system's history. A central problem with this idea has been that material ejected from Mercury is typically re-accreted onto the planet after a short ( Myr) timescale. Here, we show that the primordial Solar wind would have provided sufficient drag∼ upon ejected debris to remove them from Mercury-crossing trajectories before re-impacting the planet's surface. Specifically, the young Sun likely possessed a stronger wind, fast rotation and strong magnetic field. Depending upon the time of the giant impact, the ram pressure associated with this wind would push particles outward into the Solar system, or inward toward the Sun, on sub-Myr timescales, depending upon the size of ejected debris. Accordingly, the giant impact hypothesis remains a viable pathway toward the removal of planetary mantles, both on Mercury and extrasolar planets, particularly those close to young stars with strong winds. -
SHIELDING and GROUNDING in LARGE DETECTORS* Veljko Radeka Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 ([email protected])
SHIELDING AND GROUNDING IN LARGE DETECTORS* Veljko Radeka Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 ([email protected]) Abstract Coupler: Shield (“Faraday cage”) Shielding effectiveness as a function of shield thick- ness and conductivity vs the type and frequency of the interference field is described. Noise induced in trans- mission lines by ground loop driven currents in the shield is evaluated and the importance of low shield resistance is emphasized. Some measures for preven- Cable shield connected to detector shield at the penetration: tion of ground loops and isolation of detector-readout systems are discussed. Detector Counting Area Signal, Low V, ferrite 1. INTRODUCTION High V, control lines core Prevention of electromagnetic interference (EMI), or “noise pickup”, is an important design aspect in large detectors in accelerator environments. It is of particu- ~ 5 50 m lar concern in detector subsystems where signals have insulate ac a large dynamic range or where high accuracy position electrically! power “1” interpolation is performed. Calorimeters are very sen- vacuum pumps, cooling water sitive to coherent noise induced in groups of readout cryo lines, mechanical supports channels where energy sums are formed, covering a “Solid ground” ( “earth” ) large dynamic range. There are several potential noise sources and means of transmission: ac power “2” 1) Noise from digital circuits generated locally on a major ground loops (global) single front end read-out board on the detector; (low impedance) 2) electromagnetic radiation in the space around the Figure 1. An illustration of shielding and ground loop detector generated by other detector subsystems, control concepts. power supplies, silicon-controlled rectifiers, ma- chinery, etc.; Figure 1 illustrates some of the basics of shielding 3) noise induced by penetrations into the detector en- and ground loop control. -
Bernard Fleetwood-Walker (1893-1965) By
The Social, Political and Economic Determinants of a Modern Portrait Artist: Bernard Fleetwood-Walker (1893-1965) by MARIE CONSIDINE A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History of Art College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham April 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT As the first major study of the portrait artist Bernard Fleetwood-Walker (1893- 1965), this thesis locates the artist in his social, political and economic context, arguing that his portraiture can be seen as an exemplar of modernity. The portraits are shown to be responses to modern life, revealed not in formally avant- garde depictions, but in the subject-matter. Industrial growth, the increasing population, expanding suburbs, and a renewed interest in the outdoor life and popular entertainment are reflected in Fleetwood-Walker’s artistic output. The role played by exhibition culture in the creation of the portraits is analysed: developing retail theory affected gallery design and exhibition layout and in turn impacted on the size, subject matter and style of Fleetwood-Walker’s portraits.