REFLECTIONS Vol. 38, No. 2 Humanities Council Winter 2014 What’s Inside Recently-funded Projects Learn about major grants we have awarded Page 3

Launch of Ozark Literary Journal

See report on and excerpts from Cave Region Review

Page 4

Chairman’s Report

Mark Christ details ways you can help fortify the Ar- kansas Humanities Council

Page 6

Summer Seminar

An AHC co-sponsored sum- mer seminar for secondary teachers

Page 10

UALR Creates Civil Rights Website A website dedicated to Arkansas’ Civil Rights Heritage Page 12 ... and more Confederate Sunset by Gerry Toler From the Cave Region Review Page 2- Reflections Winter 2014 Partnerships 2014 The Arkansas Humanities Coun- of Arkansas Heritage. of Race and Ethnicity. The website cil has great partners! Take a look As you are sitting by the fire this for the trail was funded by AHC in at the projects that are highlighted winter reading the poetry of Billy partnership with the Department in this issue and you’ll see that the Collins or Seamus Heaney, why not of Arkansas Heritage. The article on success we have had promoting the pick up the current copy of Cave page 12 tells about the kickoff of the public humanities in Arkansas is Region Review and enjoy the poetry project. due in large part to partners that of Arkansas State University’s Rick And look at what’s coming! share our mission and vision. Lott? Cave Region Review is pub- Did you know that Major League Our most important partner is lished by students at North Arkan- Baseball’s first spring training was the National Endowment for the sas College in Harrison and funded in Arkansas? The University of Humanities. NEH provides the by an AHC minigrant. See page 4 Arkansas has begun production on foundation for everything we do for a report on the project along a documentary film on professional through its support grants to state with excerpts from the current issue. baseball teams that held pre-season humanities councils. Have you ever thought about training in Hot Springs. Have you We partner with the Department what teachers do outside the class- ever marveled at the beautiful old of Arkansas Heritage to offer Ar- room, on their own time, to provide courthouses we have in Arkansas? kansas Heritage grants. The Win- quality instruction for their stu- AETN will produce a film about the throp Rockefeller Foundation spon- dents? The article on page 10 tells cultural significance of the histor- sors our REACH grant program of the summer seminar for teachers ic courthouses and the efforts to for humanities projects in schools that was co-sponsored by the Butler preserve them. These two films are across Arkansas. Through our part- Center for Arkansas Studies and projects of the Arkansas Heritage nership with the Central Arkansas AHC. Grant program. Library System we cosponsor the AHC and the Winthrop Rockefel- This summer teachers from Arkansas Literary Festival and the ler Foundation have partnered to of- across Arkansas will attend the re- Butler Center’s Legacies & Lunch fer schools in Arkansas the REACH nowned Little Rock Writing Project. lecture series. We sponsor History (Raising Education Achievement The Battle of Jenkin’s Ferry will be Day with the University of Central and Competency in the Human- the focus of a series of events. Mem- Arkansas and help support the ities) grant program. Turn to page 9 bers of the Marshallese community Arkansas Historical Association’s and read about the efforts of a teach- in will begin the annual conference. er in Malvern that have brought Marshallese Oral History project. As you peruse the aricles in this national recognition to the school. The founding of Lawrence County issue of Reflections, you will find How about a day trip to Stuttgart (the home county of Imboden); that grantmaking and the organi- to visit the Museum of the Arkansas General William O. Darby; Indi- zations that receive the funds are at Grand Prairie, where you can visit an tribal records in Arkansas; the the heart of what we do. a pioneer dwelling from the 1800’s? search for the battlefield at Wallace’s The next time you sharpen that See page 13 for an example of the Ferry; the photographs of Hugo and Old Timer pocket knife your daddy Small Museum Minigrant program, Gayne Preller; the Brinkley Acade- gave you for Christmas 50 years ago, funded in partnership with the my and Washington, AR during the you will probably be using a whet- Department of Arkansas Heritage Civil War are all humanities projects stone from Arkansas. See the article and AHC. that will begin this year. on page 14 to learn more about Want to learn about Arkansas’ 2014 promises to be exciting! whetstones and the Arkansas Ar- rich civil rights heritage? Visit the cheological Survey project funded Arkansas Civil Rights Heritage Trail in partnership with the Department just launched by UALR’s Institute

Paul S. Austin, Executive Director Winter 2014 Reflections- Page 3 Board Awards $148,761 in Major Grants

The Arkansas Humanities Council $20,000 grant to conduct oral interviews The First Boys of Spring board of directors met Nov. 15, 2013, to of members of the Marshallese com- A $25,000 grant was awarded to the review major grant applications. They munity in Northwest Arkansas. April L. University of Arkansas at Fayetteville for awarded 13 grants for humanities proj- Brown, project director. the production of a film on profession- ects throughout the state. Major grant al baseball teams that held pre-season applications are accepted in February training in Hot Springs. Larry Foley, and September of each year. Projects re- RESEARCH project director. ceiving grants on Nov. 15 are listed be- Arkansas Family History Information in 19th Century Indian low. OTHER MEDIA Tribal Records Gen. William O. Darby The Sequoyah National Research PUBLIC PROGRAMS The Darby Foundation in Fort Smith Center in Little Rock was awarded a was awarded a $4,770 grant to produce 2014 Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday $3,900 grant to locate and catalog doc- media on the early life and military ca- Weeklong Commemoration uments that will be used to create a reer of Brig. Gen. William O. Darby. The Arkansas Martin Luther King searchable database on the Chickasaw, Emory S. Dockery, project director. Commission was awarded a $5,411 Choctaw, Cherokee, Seminole and Mus- grant to support its observance during cogee (Creek) tribal records. Daniel F. the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday week. Littlefield, project director. Washington, Ark., and the American Activities included an empowerment Civil War: A Traveling Exhibit summit at Old Jacksonville Elementary Archeological Survey to Locate Battle- Pioneer Washington Restoration School and A Day of Service observance field at Wallace’s Ferry Foundation in Washington, Ark., was at the Pine Bluff Convention Center. The Arkansas Archeological Survey awarded a $6,000 grant to develop a Gov. Mike Beebe, Dr. Carolyn Blakely in Fayetteville was awarded a $5,754 traveling exhibit about Washington and Dr. Joel Anderson spoke during the grant to conduct field work at the site of during the Civil War. Josh Williams, project director. week. DuShun Scarbrough and Walter Wallace Ferry Civil War engagement. Washington, project directors. Carl Carlson-Drexler, project director. Old School: Remembering the Brin- kley Academy Battle of Jenkins Ferry Founding of Lawrence County: Park Central Little Rock was award- A New Perspective on Early Settle- A $3,447 grant was awarded to the ed a $3,037 grant to develop a traveling ment Friends of Jenkins Ferry Battlefield Or- exhibit on the history of the Consolidat- Five Rivers Historic Preservation Inc. ganization in Sheridan for a series of ed White River Academy, commonly in Pocahontas was awarded a $14,699 events recognizing the last Civil War bat- referred to as the Brinkley Academy. tle fought on Arkansas soil. Mary Baxley, grant to conduct research on the history Grace Hayes Blagdon, project director. project director. of Lawrence County. Bill Carroll, project director. A House of Light: the Art and Photog- Little Rock Writing Project raphy of Hugo and Gayne Preller A $16,000 grant was awarded to the PRODUCTION The Old Independence Regional University of Arkansas at Little Rock for Courthouses of Arkansas Museum in Batesville was awarded a its writing workshop for Arkansas teach- The Arkansas Educational Television $15,790 grant for a multimedia exhibit ers. Heather Hummel, project director. Network in Conway received a $24,952 based on photographs taken by Hugo grant to produce a film about cultural and Gayne Preller in the early 20th cen- Marshallese Oral History Project significance of historic courthouses in tury. Chris Engholm, project director. The Marshallese Educational Initia- Arkansas. The film will also explore -ef tive Inc. in Fayetteville was awarded a forts to preserve the structures. Casey Sanders, project director. Page 4- Reflections Winter 2014 Successful Launch of Ozark Literary Journal

North Arkansas College pre- fers Northark students numerous sented the fifth volume of Cave opportunities and benefits. Region Review: A Journal of Lit- This year’s featured poet is Rick erary and Visual Art to the pub- Lott, a widely published poet lic on Nov. 7, 2013, in the John who teaches creative writing and Paul Hammerschmidt Con- literature at Arkansas State Uni- ference Center on Northark’s versity. Lott, who has six poems in the new Cave Region Review, south campus in Harrison. said, “A good poem should not Titled “A Celebration of the attempt to inform or persuade. It Humanities,” it was the third should re-create in vivid images annual launch reception for the a small piece of the world that journal. With the support of nudges the reader to find in his three annual Arkansas Human- or her own thoughts a deeper Local artist Sandy Williams provides face ities Council grants, the pub- painting for a young guest while another understanding of the world.” lication and launch reception young guest critiques Sandy’s artwork. Cara Delozier, a recent grad- have continually grown. This uate of North Arkansas College, year the Cave Region Review is the featured artist in the new people interested in history.” Her staff was able to create and give edition of Cave Region Review. booth displayed historical artifacts away 400 journal copies, almost Her works appear in several area and photos, and she spent the eve- double the number of journals galleries, and nine of her colorful ning engaging guests with conver- abstract paintings are featured produced the first year of pub- sations about Ozark history. in this year’s journal. “Abstract lication. Another popular attraction was is my preferred genre because During the free event, guests Northark student Jon Dezort’s I don’t want any constraints on were treated to the talents of homemade screen printer. Jon and myself or whoever is viewing my local artists, including photog- his assistant were busy all evening work,” Delozier said. raphers Rita Szabo, Marcie Greg printing images on shirts that either Grim and Janet Petty; painters they or guests brought. Sandy Williams, Melissa Win- - Tim Coone In addition to all the artists’ nat, Kim Brecklein and Cara booths, there was live folk music Delozier; and wood carvers Joe from Eric W. Spradlin, Ronnie Brecklein and Joe Doster. Long, The Gas Station Attendants, Representatives from the The Coal Biters, and Stefan Szabo Tim Coone is an English instructor Artists of the displayed and Jamie Seed of National Park at North Arkansas College and a faculty pottery and a multitude of Radio. advisor for Cave Region Review. hand-crafted works, while National Park Radio has since ap- representatives from the Pho- peared on the Arkansas Education- tography Club of the Ozarks al Television Network (AETN) in displayed photography and Conway. The concert can be viewed interacted with guests by snap- at: http://www.aetn.org/programs/ ping pictures of them in various aetnpresents/onthefrontrow/nation- hats and outfits and sending alparkradio. those photos to the “models.” The 2013 issue of Cave Region Additionally, Martha Kingsley Review includes poetry, plays, short from the Boone County Muse- stories, photography, and artwork um set up a booth. She said that from artists and writers primarily from the Ozark region. The journal what she enjoyed more than is a service-learning project that of- anything was “getting young Winter 2014 Reflections- Page 5 Excerpts from the 2013 issue of the Cave Region Review

“Meltdown” “A Glimpse Beyond” by Cara Delozier by Cara Delozier

Melissa Dereberry Rick Lott Wild Geese The Boot Noon light like last light If I have failed to forget under cloud-bellies heavy with snow. anything, it is the boot. The black street meanders out of sight, The red boot—one-half of a child’s a yellow poplar leaf swirls slantwise. pair, the rubber rain-galoshes-type— planted foot-up in the lagoon Last night, I heard honking behind our house. drifting down the dark sky Surrounded by years to brush a cold feather on my neck, of untamed brush, pokeweed and thistle—lush and I saw winging through the black wasteland, the most fertile soil a white V, blown repeatedly ragged around, layered with a thick by the headwind the snow geese flew into. green blanket of moss, it stuck to one side, never moving, They were headed for the fields fading to a rusty pink, the color of rice stubble and winter wheat that stretch of a school eraser, cracked but still intact— along the Harrisburg highway grown to the bottom by cords like the wide vacancies of the season; of organism, rooted, attached, acres of wintering geese seething as if one could grab on like burdens of living snow. and lift a full foot, then someone hanging, astounded— To farmers, the snow geese are pests, welcome to rice grains spilled I think in the end it belonged to me, among the stubble, if only my older brother having coaxed the greedy birds would let and tossed it in. the wheat alone. So the farmers Some days I see it so perfectly, a red flash, invite hunters onto the land, the perfect formation, the infallible splack as it landed, staying— unable to imagine a haven Like my childhood, unchanged, beyond the range of human desire. ambiguous—suspended— The one elusive step from muck to blue sky that would never and forever be taken. Page 6- Reflections Winter 2014 Ways to Give in 2014

Throughout this newsletter, You will hear more about this effort winds of Washington politics. you can read about some of the in coming months. There are several ways you can amazing projects that the Arkansas One of the most interesting help (see list below). Humanities Council has helped facts that I heard at the Birming- So feel free to pluck the envelope fund over the past year, bringing ham conference was that the over- from this newsletter and make a the humanities to Arkansans both whelming majority of donations tax-deductible contribution to the young and old. Thanks to our part- come from individuals, followed by Arkansas Humanities Council! nerships with the National En- foundations (14 percent), bequests Donors will be recognized in future dowment for the Humanities, the (7 percent) and corporations (5 issues of Reflections, and through Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation percent), so you, our readers, are the many projects that will receive and the Department of Arkansas going to be THE key partners in funding thanks to YOUR generos- Heritage, the Council is making a our initiative to develop a funding ity. difference in how people perceive source independent of the shifting our state. We are concerned, however, Gifts and pledges of cash, which can be put to use immediately to fund about the continuing status of the humanities programming in Arkansas. A percentage of all donations will National Endowment for the Hu- also go into the Arkansas Humanities Council’s endowment fund. manities in light of the intermina- ble partisan bickering in Washing- ton. The majority of the Arkansas Restricted giving, where your donation can be channeled to those Humanities Council’s operating humanities programs that are of particular personal interest. funds and a significant amount of grant funding comes from the NEH. In this age of continuing res- olutions and sequestration it has Unrestricted giving, which helps with the day-to-day operations of the been difficult to make even short- Arkansas Humanities Council and those programs where the need is greatest. term plans. At the recent Federa- tion of State Humanities Councils Matching gifts, where employers provide dollar-for-dollar match for convention in Birmingham, Ala., their employees’ charitable contributions (check with your employer to see if at least one-third of the sessions your donation is eligible!). offered touched on fundraising and finances—a reflection that this is a national concern. Bequests and planned giving, through which you can contribute to To alleviate this ongoing uncer- the Arkansas Humanities Council in your will. tainty, the Arkansas Humanities Council is going to establish an en- dowment that will ensure that we The AHC board of directors wel- versity in Jonesboro, and Felecia R. Smith, an administrator with the Fort will be able to continue our mission comed four new members in January. The board elected to three year terms; Smith Public Schools in Fort Smith. of bringing the humanities to the Steven Harthorn, an English professor Governor Mike Beebe appointed Lin- people of Arkansas through such at Williams Baptist College in Walnut da Tabor, a retired U.S. Army Corp means as the traveling exhibits and Ridge, Cherisse Jones-Branch a Histo- of Engineers administrator from other materials in our resource li- ry professor at Arkansas State Uni- Monticello, to a three year term. brary and the major grants and mini-grants that allow local com- munities to share their heritage. Mark Christ, Chair Winter 2014 Reflections- Page 7 Helen T. Leigh Museum Grant Announced

The Arkansas Humanities the war effort. Council and MacArthur Museum While there, teachers and stu- of Arkansas Military History an- dents are encouraged to tour the nounce the Helen T. Leigh Muse- museum, participate in various um Field Trip Grant! educational programs, and enjoy The Helen T. Leigh Museum learning about our state's military Field Trip Grant offer funds to heritage on the homefront and teachers who wish to bring 5th around the world. through 12th grade students to The Helen T. Leigh Museum MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Field Trip Grant offers up to $500 Military History. to schools statewide to cover Students and teachers will see mileage reimbursement, bus driver the newest exhibit "First Call: and use of bus fees, and substitute American Posters of World War teachers. I," a collection of colorful posters For more information, please produced between the years 1914 contact Jama Best, Senior Program - 1918 that encouraged enlistment, Officer at 501.320.5761 or fundraising, and public support of [email protected].

2014 Board of Directors Carole Adornetto Steven Harthorn Stan Poole (Treasurer) Conway Walnut Ridge Arkadelphia

Kenneth Barnes Cherisse Jones-Branch *Wanda Roe Conway Jonesboro Pea Ridge

Paul Custodio Bube Felicia R. Smith Olivia Sordo Batesville Fort Smith Fayetteville

Mark Christ (Chair) Merlina McCullough *Marlane Stakemiller Little Rock Greenbrier Little Rock

*Jamie Darling Freeman McKindra *Linda Tabor Tuckerman Little Rock Monticello

John Kyle Day (Vice-Chair) *Barbara Moody *Judy Tenenbaum Monticello Salem Little Rock Ann Early Rex Nelson Clark Trim Fayetteville Little Rock Little Rock Allyn Lord Justin M. Nolan Shelina Warren (Secretary) Fayetteville Fayetteville Pine Bluff *Governor’s appointee Page 8 - Reflections Winter 2014 R.E.A.C.H. Grants

R.E.A.C.H. (Raising Education students would have been ready for director Achievement and Competence the Arkansas Augmented Bench- Kingsland Elementary received in the Humanities) grants of up mark Exam. My students have $3,000 for a literacy project. Danny to $3,000 are awarded by the shown over 30% growth since I Durey is project director. Arkansas Humanities Council started using my grant.” Flippin elementary received to public, private, and parochial Jack Robey Junior High School $1,954 for a history project. Julie schools in Arkansas. Grants may was awarded a R.E.A.C.H. grant Beaver is project director. also be awarded to not-for-profit for its Literacy and College Pre- Russellville School District re- organizations working collabora- paredness project. Larissa Davis ceived $ 1,350 for a literacy project. tively with a local school or school and Shelina Warren are project Caitlin Harris is project director. district. The R.E.A.C.H. grant directors. One of the students who Wynne Intermediate School program is a partnership with the participated in the project said received $3,000 for professional Winthrop Rockefeller Founda- “When I was little, I didn’t believe I development and literacy. Kaley tion. would be going to college, but now Boeckmann is project director. Mineral Springs Elementary I believe I am.” School was recently awarded a Other REACH grants awarded For a complete list of R.E.A.C.H grant for its Hand-On-Literacy include: grants awarded please visit our project. Tabitha Jones was project Little Rock Central High School website at arkhums.org director. She said “If it weren’t for received $2,816 for its oral histo- this grant, I am not sure that my ry project. George West is project

Mini Grants

The Arkansas Humanities Sandra Dallas. Susan Peterson is grant for the Knights of Pythias: Council awards planning, public project director. Kindling Peace and Understanding program, research, and special ini- PHOEBE/The Uzuri Project project. Julie Morrow is project tiative minigrants to not-for-profit in Hot Springs received a $2,000 director. organizations. Applications for African American Heritage min- The Western Arkansas Edu- these minigrants may be submit- igrant for the Official Website and cational Services Cooperative in ted the first of every month except Video Page. Cheryl Batts is project Branch received a $1,000 planning December. director. grant for the This is Arkansas: From September 2013 through A $1,000 planning grant was Waldron project. Curtis Varnell is November 2013 the following awarded to the Clover Bend Histor- project director. Arkansas organizations received ic Preservation Association in Black minigrants: Rock for the Clover Bend Museum For a complete list of minigrant The Arkansas Reading Associa- Planning project. Janet Lee is proj- awards please visit our website at tion in Conway received a $1,500 ect director. arkhums.org award for the Humanities Spotlight: The Arkansas Archeological Authors Patricia McCormick and Survey received a $1,000 planning Winter 2014 Reflections - Page 9 Malvern Students Create Holocaust Museum

Claudine James’ Pre-AP classes, of the exhibits and the philosoph- Stacy: in collaboration with Chris Sla- ical change some of the students “Our greatest accomplish- ton’s EAST classes, created a mini experienced. ment this year has been realizing Holocaust Museum in the Malvern Many wonderful things oc- that everyone is important and Middle School lobby. The exhibits curred as a result of the exhibit. shouldn’t be judged. Studying the coincided with the official Nation- In two weeks more than 1,000 Holocaust has made me realize al Day of Remembrance: April 7, students and parents toured the that we should never keep silent 2013. The project was supported exhibits—even members of the when we witness or hear of injus- by a R.E.A.C.H. grant from the state Jewish Federation, who later tice.” AHC and the Winthrope Rockefel- invited the students and teachers Nine months of hard work, and ler Foundation. to be special guests at a musical at the students were finally able to For months, the school was a synagogue. Attending the musi- see the negative effects of judging, abuzz with students working cal opened their eyes to so many stereotyping and treating others on projects, ideas being thrown cultural traditions; they embraced unfairly. The students decided to around, suggestions being sought the opportunity to learn and asked make the exhibit a yearly affair. and a total whirlwind of anticipa- many questions. Not only will the message be con- tion and excitement. The parents who assisted said tinually shared, but they are also Before beginning the project, they felt like students themselves, creating their own community ser- most students knew very little as it was an experience that they, vice avenue. They are determined about the Holocaust. Each student too, will never forget. The students to inform others of what they have was required to read a self-cho- were able to share what they had learned in hopes of creating a bet- sen book about the Holocaust as learned; many developed their ter future for all mankind. well as Elie Wiesel’s Night, which oratory skills as they served as tour instantly became a life-changing guides; they learned how to work read. together collaboratively to achieve Mr. Wiesel became a hero to what they previously regarded as many, and his novel ignited a pas- the impossible. sion to learn more about the Ho- Most importantly, the experi- locaust. The reading, the research ence gave students insight into and the required collaboration all where unfair treatment of others played a huge part in the success can actually lead. Said one student,

Teacher Claudine James displays a photograph of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Page 10- Reflections Winter 2014 On the Road: Civil War to Civil Rights

A Summer Seminar for Teachers About 40 secondary educators attended a three-day seminar in June co-sponsored by the Butler Center for Arkansas Studies/CALS and the Arkansas Humanities Council. The seminar, “Rethinking Histo- ry Instruction: Using Content from the Civil War to Civil Rights,” was A tour of Helena’s Fort Curtis was part of a tour organized by the designed to introduce educators to Delta Cultural Center’s Jack Myers. the curriculum concepts associated with the Literacy Design Collabora- Daisy: Between a Rock and a Hard A tour of Helena’s Delta Cultural tive (LDC) while using content from Place, described the memoir-writing Center Museum, Freedom Park and history, especially Arkansas history. technique and described her role as Fort Curtis was organized by Myers, Not only did educators explore the personal diarist to President Clinton who also took the group to the noon complex text and curriculum content from 1995 to 2001. taping of the King Biscuit Time radio ranging from the Civil War to civil DeBlack, a history professor at program, where host “Sunshine” Son- rights, they also explored techniques Arkansas Tech University in Russell- ny Payne interviewed Kay Bland, the for involving students in research and ville, has served as president of the Butler Center’s K-12 Education Coor- writing. Arkansas Historical Association. As dinator, regarding the group’s visit. Humanities scholars featured were a former secondary school classroom Pate hosted a tour of the exhibit Spirit Trickey, Janis Kearney and teacher and the author of With Fire Jazz: Through the Eyes of Herman Thomas DeBlack. and Sword: Arkansas, 1861–1874, Leonard at the Clinton Presidential Trickey, formerly of Little Rock and DeBlack provided information for use Center and shared information about daughter of member in teaching about the Civil War and a forthcoming exhibit on the March Minnijean Brown Trickey, is currently Reconstruction in Arkansas. on Washington in 1963. Chief of Interpretation at the Klondike Museum visits were included in the Butler Center staff members Brian Gold Rush National Historical Park seminar, and museum educators—Nic Robertson, Steven Teske and Guy in Seattle. While Trickey was a staff Clark of the MacArthur Museum of Lancaster provided resources and member at the Central High National Arkansas Military History, Jack Myers ideas for classroom utilization. Historic Site, she published a play, of the Delta Cultural Center, and Robertson, editor of Things Grew One Ninth. With a talk titled “Central Kathleen Pate of the Clinton Presiden- Beautifully Worse: The Wartime Expe- High: Then and Now,” Trickey provid- tial Center—provided information on riences of Captain John O’Brien, 30th ed visual and first-hand information “place-based” instructional activities. Arkansas Infantry, C.S.A. and project for attendees and led them through Clark shared ideas regarding mili- manager for the Butler Center digital role-playing scenarios that could be tary rations during the Civil War and collection FORGOTTEN: The Korean replicated in classrooms. guided a tour of Civil War artifacts War Project, shared ideas for obtain- Kearney, author of several mem- available in the museum. ing primary source documentation to oirs, including the recently published Winter 2014 Reflections - Page 11 “On The Road” cont. from page 8 Committee member, shared a handout titled “Why Visit a Museum,” designed to explain the new term “place-based learning” (which replaces “field trip”) in which the museum becomes the classroom. Laura West from Hot Springs shared the handout “Passport to the World: Teacher Travel Programs.” On the bus, as the participants were transported to Helena for their own “place-based learning,” presentations were shared by Lancaster, the Central High Memory Project Team, Lacefield and West. The attendees also viewed the film Hoxie: The First Stand, which is available for loan from the Arkansas Humanities Council. Seminar participants, who received copies of many of the books and materials men- tioned here, had positive evaluations regard- ing the three days of intense professional Spirit Trickey, formerly an Interpretative Ranger at the Little Rock Central development. One wrote, “Thank you so High National Historic Site, provided visual and first-hand information much for facilitating this seminar! This was an for seminar attendees and led them through role-playing scenarios that incredible experience that has reinvigorated could be replicated in classrooms. She is now Chief of Interpretation with my passion for teaching about history. I am the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in Seattle. blown away by the quality of the presenters and really enjoyed all the activities.” extend classroom instruction. Teske, co-author of Homefront Arkansas: Arkansans Face Wartime and author of both Unvarnished Arkansas: The Naked Truth About Famous Arkansans and Natural State Notables: 21 Famous People from Arkansas, discussed how to use historical fiction supple- mented with informational text. Teske sug- gested that teachers have students “check ” after reading historical fiction. Lancaster, editor of the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture (EOA), briefed the educators about the state’s authoritative resource and used examples from the EOA as he shared from his personal research focus, racial violence in Arkansas. Seminar participants also provided hand- outs or curriculum ideas. George West, Keith Richardson and Cynthia Nunnley of the Legendary Helena disc jockey “Sunshine” Sonny Payne Central High School Social Studies Depart- interviews the Butler Center’s Kay Bland for the King Biscuit ment shared writing techniques from their Time radio program. “oral history memory projects.” Lisa Lacefield, Arkansas History Hub Teacher Advisory Page 12- Reflections Winter 2014

New Website Celebrates Arkansas’ Civil Rights Heritage

The University of Arkansas at perpetuate because Little Rock’s Institute on Race and they influence Ethnicity unveiled the Arkansas people…this could Civil Rights Heritage Trail, a set of make someone, bronze markers bearing the names when something of civil rights pioneers and created a comes up in their website, arkansascivilrightsheritage. life, step away from org, as an accompaniment to the the norm and do trail, supported in part by a $8,471 the right thing,” grant from the Arkansas Humanities said Sutton. Council and the National Endow- Posthumous ment for the Humanities. honorees includ- The goal of the website is to high- ed William Starr light individuals and organizations Mitchell, L.C. 2013 honoree Ozell Sutton poses with wife Joanna Freeman Sutton who were instrumental in ending Bates, James H. (left) and daughter Altatina Sutton (right) during the third annual legal segregation, but whose stories Penick and Gar- Arkansas Civil Rights Heritage Commemoration. have been overlooked in historical man P. Freeman. texts. The website includes historical Furthermore, the trail will remain On Sept. 21, the Institute on content in the form of audio record- a permanent fixture on the city’s Race and Ethnicity partnered with ings, videos, photos, documents, landscape for many generations to the Little Rock Regional Chamber and even an interactive historical appreciate and enjoy. of Commerce to add the names of timeline. As the trail represents the state’s these individuals to the Heritage The Heritage Trail starts in front strides toward embracing our shared Trail during a commemoration of the Old State House Museum on past and preserving our history, ceremony. The ceremony marked Markham Street, stretches past the the website acts as a tool to educate the 50th anniversary of Little Rock’s Statehouse Convention Center, and the public about the civil rights downtown desegregation. on to the entrance of the Chamber movement in Arkansas through the Ozell Sutton, the only living of Commerce. It serves as a visual convenience of a computer or smart- honoree, attended the event and reminder of the state’s legacy, and phone. addressed the crowd. “Fifty years adding new honorees to the trail is Learn more about the Arkansas later you have to have these stories now an annual tradition. civil rights history at arkansascivil- rightsheritage.org.

This Civil Rights Heritage marker honors James H. Penick, the head of the Down- Dr. Garman P. Freeman, of the Council on Community Affairs, and L.C. Bates, of town Negotiating Committee, which helped desegregate downtown businesses in the Arkansas State Press, speak to a reporter outside a court building in 1963. Little Rock in 1963. Winter 2014 Reflections- Page 13

Stuttgart Museum’s ‘Prairie Home’ Reopens

Since opening in September Several 1974, the Museum of the months ago it Arkansas Grand Prairie continues was learned to offer visitors an opportunity to the roof was learn about the unique history of leaking and Stuttgart, Ark. many of the The museum interprets the wood shaker unique heritage of Stuttgart and shingles need- Grand Prairie regions from the ed replacing. 1800s to present day through ex- The hibits, interpretive programs and Museum of special events. the Arkansas Visitors to the museum are Grand introduced to early pioneer life Prairie ap- of the Grand Prairie through plied for Museum workers and volunteers celebrate the restoration interpretive tours of replicas of and received project with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. the Emmanuel Lutheran Church, an Operat- originally built in the 1880s by ing Grant the Rev. Adam Buerkle, an early for Small Museums through the with staff and volunteers print shop, a fire station, a one- Arkansas Humanities Council in eagerly waiting to introduce room school house and the Prai- the amount of $2,632. Funds for visitors to life on the rie House. Visitors and school the initiative are provided by the Arkansas Grand Prairie. groups are also introduced to Department of Arkansas Heritage. agricultural practices and ways of With additional funds from the life both past and present. museum, the roof was replaced and The Prairie House the structure exemplifies a house constructed reopened to visitors. during the 1800s to early 1900s. The museum is open year round

The Museum of the Arkansas Grand Prairie is open An Arkansas Humanities Council grant helped provide Tuesday- Friday from 8 a.m. until 4 p.m. and Saturdays resources to replace the roof of the historic Prairie House. from 10 a.m. until 4 p.m. Page 14- Reflections Winter 2014 Arkansas Novaculite: Whetstones and More If you have ever used a seawater and later whetstone to sharpen a knife solidified and changed blade, chances are it was during mountain made from Arkansas novacu- building. Folding, lite. Mining the hard rock for faulting, and tilting whetstones and sharpening of rock layers has stones has been an important exposed novaculite Arkansas industry since the on tops of mountain early 1800s. Novaculite min- ridges in the Ouachi- ing for whetstone use began ta Mountains. The as early as 1818 in the Hot Arkansas Novaculite Springs region of the Ouachita Formation outcrops Mountains. Initially, quantities along the Benton-Bro- of rock were shipped outside ken Bow Uplift between Novaculite is a unique rock found only in the Ouachita Moun- the state—and even outside Little Rock, Ark., and tains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, and in southwest Texas. the United States—for cutting Broken Bow, Okla. and finishing. By the 20th get novaculite, but most probably century, there were local com- Native American Use of Novaculite traded finished or partly finished panies sawing novaculite into novaculite tools from community whetstones. Today there are at People living in this region have to community. Since stone for mak- least half a dozen companies used novaculite for thousands of ing tools was in short supply in the in Arkansas that manufacture years. This fine-grained rock was a Delta region, Indians there would and market whetstones and key raw material used by American welcome novaculite tools. specialty abraders from novac- Indians for chipping their sharp- Even before novaculite’s com- ulite. edged tools. Novaculite breaks mercial use for whetstones, Amer- with a “conchoidal fracture,” and ican Indians quarried it from What is Novaculite? flintknappers used that predict- outcrops on mountain ridges in able cone-shaped fracture pattern the Ouachita Mountains. Battered Novaculite is a hard, fine- to chip tools to the desired shape grained siliceous rock, which is and thickness. In the Ouachita made up of very small crystals of Mountains and adjacent areas of the mineral quartz. It is similar the Gulf Coastal Plain in Arkan- to chert or flint. The name comes sas, novaculite was preferred as from the Latin word for razor. a raw material for making stone While novaculite is often white or tools. Native Americans living in light gray in color, it also occurs in this region from about 10,500 B.C. pink, red, tan, dark gray, and black. to 1700 A.D. used novaculite for Novaculite is distinctively translu- points to tip darts and arrows, for cent, and you can see light through knife blades, and for scraping tools thin edges of the rock. Geologists and drills. describe beds of massive novacu- Novaculite was desired as a raw lite, mixed with chert and shale, as material for chipped-stone tools far the Arkansas Novaculite Forma- beyond Arkansas. Archeologists tion. It was deposited during the have found novaculite artifacts on Devonian to Mississippian geolog- sites in Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, , Mississippi, Tennessee ical periods between 318 and 416 Indians battered outcrops, dug pits, and mined million years ago. This rock was and Alabama. Some Indians trav- trenches to reach useable stone at quarry sites. created when silica separated from eled to the Ouachita Mountains to continued on page 15 Winter 2014 Reflections- Page 15 continued from page 14 outcrops, quarry pits and trench- archeologists can es, stone hammers, and refuse use novaculite arti- from preliminary chipping are key facts to map out evidence of this ancient activity. the regional inter- More than 120 novaculite quarries actions between have been recorded as archeolog- people in ancient ical sites in Arkansas. Novaculite times. quarries, which extend for several It is important miles along some mountain ridges, to preserve and are some of the largest archeolog- protect archeolog- ical sites in Arkansas, if not the ical sites such as United States. The size of these novaculite quar- quarries shows the importance of ries. These sites novaculite as a resource for ancient tell us the unwritten Quarrying tools and chipping waste show the history of quarry sites. residents and the intensity of its history of quarrying use in the past. in Arkansas. The quarry pits and tools left behind are tangible signs For Further Reading: Novaculite Quarries as Significant of the extent of this ancient indus- Holbrook, Drew F. and Charles G. Archeological Sites try. We have much to learn from these large and significant sites. Stone, 1979. Arkansas Novaculite – A You may come across evidence of Silica Resource. Reprinted from Thir- In 1890, William Henry Holmes teenth Annual Forum on the Geology novaculite mining while hiking of the Smithsonian Institution be- of Industrial Minerals, Oklahoma came the first archeologist to visit in the Ouachita Mountains. Re- Geological Survey Circular 79, by the Arkansas novaculite quarries. He member that it is against the law Arkansas Geological Commission, later used these as examples in his to disturb archeological sites on Little Rock. book on aboriginal North Ameri- state and federal property. Please Pennington, Helen, 2013. Novac- can stone quarries. Archeologists observe and learn, photograph and ulite. The Encyclopedia of Arkansas are interested in understanding explore, but do not remove pieces History & Culture. http://www.encyclo- novaculite tool production and of novaculite. Do not dig up or pediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/en- trade routes, so we study quarries rearrange artifacts found there. Do try-detail.aspx?entryID=2220 (accessed September, 2013). as well as the places where people not take pieces of novaculite away from these important historic Trubitt, Mary Beth, Thomas Green, lived and used these tools. Since and Ann Early, 2004. A Research De- people moved novaculite tools far places! To learn more about novac- sign for Investigating Novaculite Quar- beyond the Ouachita Mountains, ry Sites in the Ouachita Mountains. ulite and its The Arkansas Archeologist, Bulletin use throughout of the Arkansas Archeological Society history, visit the 43:17-62. Arkansas Arche- Whittington, David B., 1969. ological Survey’s Arkansas’ Oldest Industry. Arkansas “Arkansas Novac- Historical Quarterly 28(3):223-230. ulite: A Virtual Comparative Col- lection” website at http://arkarche- Report by Mary Beth Trubitt, Ph.D., ology.uark.edu/ Arkansas Archeological Survey novaculite/index. html. This project is supported in part by a grant from the Arkansas Humanities Council and the Indians chipped dart points from novaculite. National Endowment for the Humanities. Grant Categories, Maximum Awards, Deadlines Major Grants: Public Program no maximum February 15 & September 15 Research Individual $2,000 February 15 & September 15 Collaborative no maximum February 15 & September 15 Publication $3,500 February 15 & September 15

Media Film and Video Preproduction $5,000 February 15 & September 15

Film and Video $25,000 Production September 15

Other Media no maximum February 15 & September 15 Mini Grants: Planning $1,000 1st of each month, except December

Public Program $1,500 1st of each month, except December

Research $1,500 1st of each month, except December For grant guidelines and application forms, go to www.arkhums.org

Non-Profit Organization U.S. Postage PAID Little Rock, AR 72211 Permit number 2622

407 President Clinton Avenue Suite 201 Little Rock, AR 72201

ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED