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New Dominant Ant Species Discovered in Ethiopia Shows Potential for Global Invasion 22 November 2016

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New Dominant Ant Species Discovered in Ethiopia Shows Potential for Global Invasion 22 November 2016 New dominant ant species discovered in Ethiopia shows potential for global invasion 22 November 2016 barren land and agricultural fields. While L. canescens is native to the general region, it is now moving in large numbers into disturbed habitat like some of the more degraded church forests, but also beyond forest boundaries, into neighboring agricultural fields, and along recently constructed roads and other urban structures. And that might be just the beginning, says lead author Sorger, who worked on this study while at North Carolina State University. "The species we found in Ethiopia may have a high potential of becoming a globally invasive species. Invasive species often travel with humans, so as tourism and global commerce to this region of Ethiopia A Lepisiota dispatching Pheidole ant. Credit: D. continues to increase, so will the likelihood that the Magdalena Sorger ants could hitch a ride, possibly in plant material or even in the luggage of tourists. All it takes is one pregnant queen. That's how fire ants started!" A team of scientists conducting a recent biodiversity survey in the ancient church forests of Ethiopia made an unexpected discovery—a rather infamous ant species (Lepisiota canescens) displaying signs of supercolony formation. According to D. Magdalena Sorger, a post-doctoral researcher with the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and a key member of the team, the discovery is significant for two reasons. First, supercolony formation in ants is rare, with documented cases of only around 20 species worldwide. Second, other species in the Lepisiota genus have recently made headlines as worrisome invasive species, one in South Africa's Kruger National Park and another that shut down Australia's Darwin Port for several days. The A Lepisiota killing a termite. Credit: D. Magdalena Sorger team's findings, were published in Insectes Sociaux in November. In Ethiopia, forests frequently surround Orthodox Supercolonies are colonies that extend beyond just churches, some of which are more than 1,500 a single nest and can sometimes cover many years old. These forests range in size from only a thousands of miles. The strongest basis for few hectares to more than 400 (~1,000 acres) and describing a large colony as a supercolony is its can be considered relict oases within largely 1 / 3 capacity to expand its range without constraints. In this study, the scientists found several Provided by North Carolina Museum of Natural supercolonies of L. canescens, the largest one Sciences spanning 38 km (24 miles). Molecular analysis of these ants showed lots of genetic diversity within and between supercolonies, indicating supercolony members were not more closely related and this species was native to the region. These are the largest documented supercolonies of a native ant species. Yet their exploding numbers, along with their observed ecological dominance as well as general nesting and diet, are all characteristics reminiscent of an invasive species. Overall, Sorger believes Ethiopian church forests might be ground zero for a new dominant ant species with high global invasion potential, and the data her and colleagues are collecting on this species could become critical in the case of an invasion. "It is good to have a record of what this species does in its native habitat," Sorger says. "Rarely do we know anything about the biology of a species BEFORE it becomes invasive." D. Magdalena Sorger on the ant hunt in Ethiopia. Credit: Mark Moffett More information: D. M. Sorger et al, Outnumbered: a new dominant ant species with genetically diverse supercolonies in Ethiopia, Insectes Sociaux (2016). DOI: 10.1007/s00040-016-0524-9 2 / 3 APA citation: New dominant ant species discovered in Ethiopia shows potential for global invasion (2016, November 22) retrieved 30 September 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2016-11-dominant-ant- species-ethiopia-potential.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. 3 / 3 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
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