DOCSLIB.ORG

The Relationship Between Indigenous Animals and Humans in Apec Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Relationship Between Indigenous Animals and Humans in Apec Region THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIGENOUS ANIMALS AND HUMANS IN APEC REGION APEC Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group The Chinese Society of Animal Science 2003 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIGENOUS ANIMALS AND HUMANS IN APEC REGION Edited by Hsiu-Luan Chang and Yu-Chia Huang ©2003 APEC Secretariat No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without permission from the publisher Published by The Chinese Society of Animal Science 112 Farm Road, Hsinhua, Tainan, Taiwan 712 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Homepage: http://www.csas.org.tw http://www.angrin.tlri.gov.tw Suggested citation: Chang, H. L. and Huang, Y. C. (eds.). 2003. The relationship between indigenous animals and humans in APEC region. The Chinese Society of Animal Science, Taiwan. 186 pp. Printed in Chinese Taipei by Joyways Design & Printing Co. (Tel: +886 6 2350789) ISBN-957-30207-2-6 ii CONTENTS Preface v Letter from Editors vii Buffalo Thai Swamp Buffalo General Information 3 Cattle Indigenous Bali Cattle: The Best Suited Cattle Breed for 21 Sustainable Small Farms in Indonesia Image of Taiwan Cattle 37 Like Cattle, Like Industrial Culture 59 Cattle Genetic Resources in Japan: One Successful 71 Crossbreeding Story and Genetic Diversity Erosion Chicken Japanese Native Chickens 91 Pig The Role of Pigs as a Meat Source in the Environment and 119 Human Culture Quail The Japanese Quail 143 Appendix 1: Agricultural production indexes of major countries 165 Appendix 2: Distribution of employed population by industry 171 Appendix 3: Economic growth and per capita income, and industrial 174 origin of gross domestic product in Chinese Taipei Appendix 4: Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product in Chinese 176 Taipei Appendix 5: Per capita annual food availability in Chinese Taipei 178 Appendix 6: Per capita daily nutrient availability in Chinese Taipei 180 Appendix 7: Quantity of livestock production in Chinese Taipei 182 Appendix 8: Unit price for livestock products in Chinese Taipei (Unit 185 price: NT$/kg) iii Preface The APEC-ATC Sub-Group on Conservation and Utilization of Plant and Animal Genetic Resources has held four Workshops since its initiation in 1995. The second workshop, namely Workshop on Conservation and Utilization of Farm Animal and Aquatic Genetic Resources, was held in November 1998 in Tainan, Chinese Taipei emphasizing more on animal genetic resources. The objectives of the Workshop were to discuss the cultural, social and economic value and importance of animal genetic resources; to exchange the expertise on conservation and utilization measures and technologies among member economies; to share information on genetic resources collections; and to formulate future collaboration plans. In addition to status reports from member economies, several prominent experts were invited to deliver lectures related to the workshop themes. Following by one of the workshop recommendations submitted to the ATC Working Group, an APEC booklet focusing on the relationship between indigenous animals and human with local agricultural implications was scheduled and entrusted later to the Chinese Society of Animal Science by Council of Agriculture, Chinese Taipei. The objectives of the Society are to promote research and education in bringing together scientists and educators in farm animal agriculture, facilitating the dissemination of scientific and technical information through publications and scientific meetings, and conducting a scientific liaison and outreach program in support of farm animal agriculture. Therefore, we hope that this publication will assist not only in sharing expertise and experience with friends, but also promoting international cooperation among economies of the Asia-Pacific region. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the researcher involved in this project, and particularly to Drs. Hsiu-Luan Chang and Yu-Chia Huang, Researchers of Livestock Research Institute, Dr. Yung-Yi Sung, Emeritus Professor of Animal Science Department, National Taiwan University, and Dr. Su-San Chang, Chief of International Organization Division, International Cooperation Department, COA, for the time and effort they have spent in making this booklet possible. I also extend my gratitude to the generous grant from Council of Agriculture, Chinese Taipei, for this publication. Cheng-Taung Wang, Ph. D. President The Chinese Society of Animal Science v Letter from Editors Animal genetic resources have been contributing to both food and agriculture for more than 12,000 years, providing meat, milk products, eggs, fibre, fertilizer for crops, manure for fuel and draught power. It is estimated that, directly and indirectly, domestic animals supply about 30 percent of total human requirements for food and agriculture. However, the value of animals for the human beings went far beyond its mere economic role. The human have gained into the temperament of these animals including an inspiration in culture and the arts expressed among literature, religious customs, legends, and the oral and written language. Therefore, the animals have been the source of a multitude of creative inspirations for the human – literature, mythology, legends, maxims – they all contain clear reflection of the animal. The purpose of this booklet is to communicate the relationship between local livestock and human, especially to recognize the role domestic animals play in agriculture vs. non-agriculture and/or socioeconomic vs. cultural function, e.g. the value of livestock to households in member economies of APEC region. However, this requires fully support from all member economies because the value and importance of the animals will vary between different types of system. In the non-commercial systems the animals, having a value within the family economy, also have a socio-cultural significance, which are difficult to evaluate in economic terms. It is also clearly the animals kept in certain conditions or households in developing member economies were used for multiple purposes and their importance to the families was immense. Buffalo, cattle, chicken, pig and quail species from economies are reported in this booklet, an effort of international communication. The editors wish to express our grateful appreciation to the authors for their contributions. In addition, some of scientists helped to contact with authors, and review, edit and critique all the material presented in the booklet. Their contributions are gratefully appreciated. Particular thanks are due to Su-San Chang, Wu-Li Chang, Der-Cheng Chou, Tin-Chin Chou, Yung-Yu Lai, Yung-Yi Sung, Tracy Tung and Ming-Che Wu. The administrative and financial assistance of Breeding and Genetics Division, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, towards the printing of color plates is also gratefully acknowledged. Hsiu-Luan Chang, Ph. D. Yu-Chia Huang, Ph. D. October 2003 vii 12 ව\ApecP3-P8.docThai Swamp Buffaloױ\:Created on 2003/10/14 Հ֑ 07:59 D Thai Swamp Buffalo General Information Supat FAARUNGSANG Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand Introduction Before 1971 the buffalo was a very important domestic animal in Thailand. Statistics from the Thailand agricultural statistical center showed that Thailand had about 5.5 – 6.5 million buffalo during 1971 and 1981. The buffalo population declined to 1.8 million in 1999. Buffalo could be extinct from Thailand in 20 years, if no considerable public attention was received. There are several reasons for the reduction in the number of Thai swamp buffalo: 1. the reduction in the rice producing areas, 2. the replacement of buffalo by farm engines, 3. the castration of good male buffalo, 4. the industry invasion into the Thai rural areas, and etc. From 1953 to 1971 the Thai rural areas were covered with buffalo because most of the rural families had 2 – 4 buffalo each. According the Thailand agricultural statistical center (1971 – 1981), Thailand owned the largest buffalo population and was the buffalo champion in South East Asian countries. Today, one would have to drive a car for a long distance to find one buffalo. Types of buffalo in Thailand There are three types of buffalo in the world, the swamp buffalo (Fig. 1), the river buffalo and Mediterranean buffalo. The swamp buffalo is the indigenous buffalo in Thailand. The Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, was the first official unit that introduced river buffalo into Thailand during 1957 and 1978. Most of the swamp buffalo in Thailand are completely black in color. Only a few of them are white in color. The white buffalo are not albino but the color is due to uncertain genetic effects. The dark color makes the buffalo's look scary and most 14 Supat FAARUNGSANG ව\ApecP3-P8.docױ\:Created on 2003/10/14 Հ֑ 07:59 D ladies are afraid of the buffalo (Fig. 2). The dark color also makes buffalo heat intolerant, which is why it must stay near the swamps (Fig. 3, 4). On average, mature male buffalo weigh 450 – 600 kg in weight. The mature females weigh 350 – 450 kg in average (Fig. 5). Thai buffalo is longevity and prolificacy; female buffalo could have healthy offspring even elder than 20 years old (Fig. 6, 7, 8). Thai swamp buffalo as a royal worker The Thai swamp buffalo is called “Ai Tui” in the Thai language which means, “it is an honest royal worker” that is very important for Thai farmer life. The buffalo was considered a royal worker because no comparable animals or machines could do the work as well as the buffalo. Because it has big feet and is good at pulling with slow walking steps, Thai farmers use them to pull rice-digging instruments for preparing the land to grow rice. The buffalo was also used as a transportation animal (horses are rarely used in Thailand up to today). Because of its long terrible looking horn (Fig. 9) that sometimes becomes as long as 3 meters across both horns, the buffalo was also used in war. However, most of today’s buffalo have short horns (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Detecting and Managing Suspected Admixture and Genetic Drift in Domestic Livestock: Modern Dexter Cattle - a Case Study
    Detecting and managing suspected admixture and genetic drift in domestic livestock: modern Dexter cattle - a case study Timothy C Bray Cardiff University C a r d if f UNIVERSITY PRIFYSCOL C a e RDY|§> A dissertation submitted to Cardiff University in candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UMI Number: U585124 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U585124 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Table of Contents Page Number Abstract I Declaration II Acknowledgements III Table of Contents IV Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1. introduction 2 1.1. Molecular genetics in conservation 2 1.2. Population genetic diversity 3 1.2.1. Microsatellites 3 1.2.2. Within-population variability 4 1.2.3. Population bottlenecks 5 1.2.4. Population differentiation 6 1.3. Assignment of conservation value 8 1.4. Genetic admixture 10 1.4.1. Admixture affecting conservation 12 1.5. Quantification of admixture 13 1.5.1. Different methods of determining admixture proportions 14 1.5.1.1. Gene identities 16 1.5.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Wagyu from Kyoto to the World
    About Our New Facilities Wagyu from Kyoto to the World Kyoto City Central Wholesale Meat Market & Market History Slaughterhouse Kyoto City Central Wholesale Meat Market & The new facilities are the latest among the 10 national Slaughterhouse was established as a central wholesale central wholesale markets managed by municipal market specifically for fresh meat in October 1969 governments in Japan, and the most advanced taking over its function from the Kyoto Municipal equipment is installed. Also, owing to the streamlined Slaughterhouse which was founded in 1909. process including slaughtering, dressing and It has been fully renovated in order to provide facilities processing, we are able to produce beef in higher designed for exporting Japanese beef overseas and it quality than ever and export it overseas. has been in operation since April 2018. Main Distribution Channels for Kyoto City Central Wholesale Meat Market & Slaughterhouse ※The ovals in the chart below reflect the status at that point in time Kyoto City Central Wholesale Meat Market & Slaughterhouse Consumer Producer Kyoto Meat Market Co., Ltd (wholesalers) Meat Buyer processing Meat processing Dressed carcass and and (slaughtering) edible offal meats Sellers Carcass Retailers and caterers Auction or relative Skin and inedible transaction offal meats Meat portion processing Sales by consignment Meat portion which include processing viscera,byproducts,etc. Research and development agencies, Skin and fat processors including universities TEL: +81-75-681-5791 FAX: +81-75-681-5793 Kyoto City Central Wholesale Meat Market & Slaughterhouse 2 Higashinokuchi, Kisshoin Ishihara, Minami-Ku, Kyoto City 601-8361 Issued on January, 2019 【Homepage】http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/menu2/category/34-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html Kyoto City Printing Number 303191 Wagyu Dishes About Wagyu “Sukiyaki” One of the most famous Japanese dishes known worldwide is Sukiyaki.
    [Show full text]
  • Class Results
    Pen Id Class No Class Desc Exhibitor Name Place 1 1 Asil Male Gwyn Williams 2 2 1 Asil Male Ashwin, Anthony 1 3 1 Asil Male Ben, Harper 3 4 2 Asil Female A&S Marment 1 5 2 Asil Female Ashwin, Anthony 2 6 3 Asil Stag A&S Marment 1 7 3 Asil Stag Ashwin, Anthony 2 8 3 Asil Stag Ashwin, Anthony 3 9 3 Asil Stag Ben, Harper 10 4 Asil Pullet Ashwin, Anthony 2 11 4 Asil Pullet Ashwin, Anthony 1 12 4 Asil Pullet Ben, Harper 3 13 4 Asil Pullet A&S Marment 14 4 Asil Pullet Ben, Harper 15 5 Malay Male Stephenson, Martin 1 16 5 Malay Male Stephenson, Martin 2 17 6 Malay Female A&S Marment 1 18 6 Malay Female Stephenson, Martin 19 7 Malay Stag Stephenson, Martin 1 20 7 Malay Stag Stephenson, Martin 3 21 7 Malay Stag Stephenson, Martin 4 22 7 Malay Stag Stephenson, Martin 2 23 7 Malay Stag Stephenson, Martin 24 7 Malay Stag A&S Marment 25 8 Malay Pullet Stephenson, Martin 26 8 Malay Pullet Stephenson, Martin 2 27 8 Malay Pullet Stephenson, Martin 1 28 8 Malay Pullet A&S Marment 3 29 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) R Jones 30 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) Zade Shakeshaft 2 31 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) Zade Shakeshaft 1 32 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) R Jones 3 33 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) Zade Shakeshaft 4 34 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) R Jones 35 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) Zade Shakeshaft 36 10 O Shamo Female (6.6lbs+) Thomas Moody 1 37 10 O Shamo Female (6.6lbs+) R Jones 38 10 O Shamo Female (6.6lbs+) Gamble, Reginald 39 10 O Shamo Female (6.6lbs+) Zade Shakeshaft 3 40 10 O Shamo Female (6.6lbs+) Zade Shakeshaft 2 41 10 O Shamo Female (6.6lbs+) Zade Shakeshaft 42 11 Chu Shamo
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison on the Growth Characteristics Between Calves of Two Different Japanese Beef Breeds Suckled by Japanese Shorthorn Dams
    Comparison on Growth between Two Different Japanese Beef Calves JARQ 54 (1), 93-100 (2020) https://www.jircas.go.jp Comparison on Growth between Two Different Japanese Beef Calves Comparison on the Growth Characteristics between Calves of Two Different Japanese Beef Breeds Suckled by Japanese Shorthorn Dams Manabu YAMAGUCHI1*, Akira WATANABE2, Naoki TAKENOUCHI3, Hiroyuki SUZUKI4 and Masatoshi MATSUZAKI4 1 Division of Japanese Black Cattle Production and Wildlife Management Research, Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ohda, Japan 2 Livestock and Forage Research Division, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan 3 Division of Livestock and Grassland Research, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Koshi, Japan 4 Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan Abstract The growth characteristics of five male Japanese Black calves that were produced by embryo transfer to, born from, and nursed by Japanese Shorthorn surrogate dams (BS-group) were compared with those of five male Japanese Shorthorn calves that were delivered from dams of the same breed after natural mating (SS-group). The birth weights of the BS-group calves were lower (P < 0.01) than those of the SS-group calves. During the first two months, the daily weight gain of the SS-group calves was greater (P < 0.05) than that of the BS-group calves. However, between the third and fourth months, the daily weight gain of the BS-group calves was greater (P > 0.05). During the first two months, the chest girth was smaller (P < 0.05) in the BS-group calves than in the SS-group calves, but was similar in both groups by the age of four months.
    [Show full text]
  • Cattle Genetic Resources in Japan: One Successful Crossbreeding Story and Genetic Diversity Erosion
    ᙾ㉏ᵩả 2003/8/15 ֏ૌ 01:38 C:\Documents Cattleand Settings\Administrator\ Genetic Resources ோ૿ in Japan\ᄅངᏺᅃ \05_Japan_cattle_edited(4).doc Cattle Genetic Resources in Japan: One Successful Crossbreeding Story and Genetic Diversity Erosion Mitsuru MINEZAWA Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, Genebank, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan I. Beef cattle production background I-1. Historical features influencing cattle production Besides pigs and ducks, Sus scrofa and Anas sp., no ancestral domesticated animals naturally inhabited Japan. Domestic animals, such as pigs, cattle and chickens were introduced in the late Jomon (~ B.C. 500) to Yayoi Eras (B.C. 500 – A.D. 300). A Chinese historical book (~ A.D. 250) described that there were no cattle, horses or sheep in Japan. Because no descriptions of pigs and chickens were found in the book, the possibility of their existence could not be denied. Several books written in the mid 7th century referred to cow’s milk. Engishiki (A.D. 927), written in the Heian Era, is a description of the milk product, “So”, surmised as condensed milk for medical purposes. A reference to a presentation of “So” to the government is made in this book. However, this habit was abolished at the beginning of the 12th century. The government banned the slaughtering of animals, cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys and chickens in A.D. 675. Cattle and horse slaughtering were abolished again in A.D. 742. This suggested that the people of this period ate meat. After the prohibitory edict, meat and milk became less common.
    [Show full text]
  • Random Regression Analysis of Calving Interval of Japanese Black Cows
    animals Article Random Regression Analysis of Calving Interval of Japanese Black Cows Shinichiro Ogawa * and Masahiro Satoh Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-22-757-4114 Simple Summary: Genetic parameters for the calving interval of Japanese Black cows were estimated by using a random regression model and a repeatability model. Legendre polynomials based on age at previous calving, ranging from 18 to 120 months, were used as sub-models for random regression analysis. The estimated heritability for the calving interval was low and was similar between the models. The estimated genetic correlation between ages was always higher than >0.8. Spearman’s rank correlation of the estimated breeding values between the two models was ≥0.97 for cows with their own records and ≥0.94 for sires of these cows. Therefore, this study supports the validity of fitting a repeatability model to the records of the calving interval of Japanese Black cows for breeding value evaluation. Our results could contribute to determining strategies for selection and management of Japanese Black cattle. Abstract: We estimated genetic parameters for the calving interval of Japanese Black cows using a random regression model and a repeatability model. We analyzed 92,019 calving interval records of 36,178 cows. Pedigree data covered 390,263 individuals. Age of cow at previous calving for each record ranged from 18 to 120 months. We used up to the second-order Legendre polynomials based on age at previous calving as sub-models for random regression analysis, and assumed a constant error variance across ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
    The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and the extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche documentaire ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur.
    [Show full text]
  • WAGYU BREEDERS HANDBOOK an Introduction to Wagyu
    2018 WAGYU BREEDERS HANDBOOK An introduction to Wagyu. Pamela Armstrong, LVT Maple Row Stock Farm [email protected] www.Wagyupedia.com FOREWARD Many people consider Wagyu beef to be the most tender and flavorful beef in the World. The cattle used to make this beef are docile with good temperaments, and they are known for their intense intramuscular marbling, high fertility rates and calving ease traits. Why wouldn’t a cattle farmer want to raise Wagyu? The internet is flush with information about Wagyu, some of it is accurate and some of it is misleading. This handbook is designed to help breeders decide whether or not raising this breed is the right choice for them. Peer-reviewed journals and academic textbooks were used to create this handbook, and world-renowned Wagyu experts were consulted. There are good opportunities for producers who are informed, careful and realistic. There are many variances within the Wagyu breeds and bloodlines; as well as differences in short and long-fed animals, and results of feeding protocols. Wagyu are very special animals, they are considered a national treasure in Japan. I hope you enjoy and appreciate them as much as I do. Pam Armstrong, LVT © 2018 Pamela Armstrong, LVT Page 2 Table of Contents FOREWARD ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ORIGIN OF WAGYU ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Diversity of Japanese Wagyu Using Molecular Markers
    Journal of Animal Breeding and Genomics JABG. 2017 Sep, 1(1): 17-22 https://doi.org/10.12972/jabng.20170002 Review OPEN ACCESS The genetic diversity of Japanese Wagyu using molecular markers Hideyuki MANNEN1* 1Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan ABSTRACT We have investigated the genetic diversity and structure using several DNA markers, such as mtDNA, Sry gene in Y chromosome and autosomal SNPs for Japanese Wagyu and native cattle in the North Eastern Asia. Most of Japanese cattle mtDNA belonged to Bos taurus mtDNA haplogroups T1, T2, T3 and T4. All Japanese populations included Asian unique mtDNA haplogroup T4 with high frequencies (0.43 – 0.81). The predominant T4 haplogroup may be a result of founder effect when ancestral cattle were introduced to Japan Islands at the immigration. We found that Mongolian cattle have Bos indicus mtDNA with the genetic frequency of 0.20, but no Bos indicus Y chromosome. No Bos indicus mtDNA in both Japanese and Korean samples suggested that the introgression may be a secondary phenomenon, with the earlier cattle in the region being purely Bos taurus. We analyzed 117 SNPs to assess the genetic diversity, structure and relationships of 16 Eurasian cattle populations. The results could suffi ciently explain the genetic construction of Asian cattle populations. These results reflected to the geographical and historical background in each population. The genetic information would contribute to understanding origin of North Asian native cattle, in addition to the origin of Japanese Wagyu cattle. Keywords: Genetic diversity, mtDNA, molecular markers, origin, Wagyu Introduction The Wagyu generally refers to four Japanese native breeds bred in Japan, but nowadays the famous brand name Wagyu includes not only Japanese native cattle produced in Japan, but also animals or even crossbred Japanese native cattle produced in foreign countries such as Australia or the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Beef Cattle - Wa Means Japan[Ese] and Gyu Means Cow
    Definition and breed makeup Origins Meat Quality Breed Register and its Structure Wagyu is the name of Japanese beef cattle - wa means Japan[ese] and gyu means cow. There are four(4) types of Wagyu Cattle in Japan; Japanese Black Japanese Brown or Red (also known as Akaushi) Japanese Shorthorn Japanese Poll Japanese Beef cattle Japanese Black Japanese Brown (Wagyu) (Red Wagyu) Native Cattle Japanese Shorthorn Japanese Poll These breed have been established by cross between Japanese native cattle and western breeds. The Japanese Black, called “Wagyu”, is the most popular beef cattle in Japan, and this breed was established by cross between Japanese native cattle and several European breeds, including Brown Swiss, Devon, and Ayrshire Japanese Brown, known as “Red Wagyu”, was established by cross with Korean originated cattle and Simmental breed. We have also Japanese shorthorn and Japanese polled, but the population of these two breeds has recently significantly reduced in recent times • For centuries Buddhism was predominant in Japan and meat consumption was prohibited. The utilization of animal products did not become popular until the Meiji restoration in 1868 In the Meiji era many foreign breeds were introduced to Japan and initially crossbred with the native cattle under the direction of the government. Through this, the gene pool for Japanese breed had diluted but the population had expanded. After the initial frenzy of crossbreeding was over, cattle breeders began to improve and promote their own breeds without further crossbreeding within the prefectures. Meat has been consumed in Japan for only about 140 years. Meat eating has only reached widespread popularity in the last 40 years after the “Law for Improvement and Increased Livestock Production” was enacted in 1950s.
    [Show full text]
  • Liste Der in Europa Anerkannten Zwerghühnerrassen Und Deren
    Liste der in Europa anerkannten Zwerghühnerrassen und deren Farbenschlägen Listing of Bantam Breeds and Colors accepted in Europe Avrupa'da tanımlanmış CÜCE ırklar ve renk çeşitlerinin listesi Menşei Açıklamalar: Anmerkungen: Remarks: 1) sakal tüylü olabilir 1) auch mit Bart 1) also with beard 2) balta ve gül ibik 2) Einfach und Rosenkamm 2) single- and rosecomb 3) sadece gül ibik 3) nur mit Rosenkamm 3) only with rosecomb 4) tavuğun tüy renginde olabilir 4) auch hennenfiedrig 4) also hen feathered 5) kıvırcık olabilir 5) auch gelockt 5) also frizzled 6) düz / ipeksi / kıvırcık 6) glatt / seidenfiedrig / gelockt 6) normal / silkie / frizzled 7) püskül tepeli olablir 7) auch mit Schopf 7) also with crest 8) yüz rengi koyu olabilir 8) auch mit dunklem Gesicht 8) also with dark face 9) kuyruksuz olabilir 9) auch schwanzlos 9) also rumpless 10) balta ve bezelye ibik 10) Einfach u. Erbsenkamm 10) single- and tripple comb Stand Mavi: İngiltere'de kabul ardı Kırmızı = EE' de kabul edilmiş Siyah = BDRG kanatlı standardı kitabında tarif edilmiş edilmemiş, ama bilgi amacıyla onaylı çevirilmiş Cüce Tavuklar Zwerghühner Bantams Türkiye Almanya İngiltere D Alman Cüce Faverolles Deutsche Zwerg-Lachshühner British Faverolles bantam beyaz weiß white beyaz siyah kolombiya weiß-schwarzcolumbia ermine guguk rengi gesperbert cuckoo mavi oyalı blau-gesäumt laced blue mavi somon rengi blau-lachsfarbig blue salmon sarı gelb buff sarı siyah kolombiya gelb-schwarzcolumbia buff columbian siyah schwarz black somon rengi lachsfarbig salmon D Alman Cüce Langshan
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Animal Genetic Resources
    The Third Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan (MAFF) International Workshop on Genetic Resources Animal Genetic Resources: Efficient Conservation and Effective Use Tsukuba Office Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat December 5 - 7, 1995 Sponsored by Research Council Secretariat of MAFF and National Institute of Agrobiological Resources in cooperation with National Institute of Animal Industry, National Institute of Sericultural & Entomological Sciences, National Institute of Animal Health, and Japanese International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Contents Page Introduc i on Welcome address T. Hosoda 3 Opening address M.Nakagahra 5 Keynote addresses Why and Howto Conserve Domesticated Animal Genetic Resources I. Bodo 7 History and Phytogeny of Japanese Native Animals and Strategies for Their Effective Use Y.Tanabe 17 Discussion 3 5 Session 1 : Economic evaluation Economic Evaluation of Mongolian Sheep Genetic Resources Ts.Zhanchiv 39 Economic Evaluation of Pig Genetic Resources in China A.Wang 45 Characterization and Conservation of Silkworm Genetic Resources in India RK.Datta 55 Chicken Genetic Resources in Japan and NewEvaluation Research K.Nirasawa, H.Takahashi, T. Furukawa, K. Kikuchi, J. Noguchi, Y. Izaike and T. Oishi 73 Discussion 8 3 Session2: Genetic classification Genetic Classification of Asian Buffaloes Based on Biochemical and Molecular Polymorphisms S.G.Tan 87 Phylogenetic Relationships and Conservation of Bovine and Bubaline Species in Asia T. Namikawa, K. Tanaka and C. D. Solis 99 The Phylogenetic Relationship and Differentiation of Wild and Domesticated Pigs (Sus scrofa L.) in Asia Y.Kurosawa 111 Discussion 12 1 Session 3: Conservation systems Animal Genetic Resources and Conservation System in Vietnam L.V.Ly 125 Conservation Systems of Animal Genetic Resources in The Philippines J.M.Matias 131 Collection and Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources in the MAFF Gene Bank Y.
    [Show full text]