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Misoginia, Machismo Y Acoso” Coloquio "Género, poder y arte" PONENCIA ESCRITA “Misoginia, machismo y acoso” Martínez González Natalie Guadalupe Formación Humana y Social - Arte Digital Otoño 2020 El nacimiento de los “idol groups” El kpop es un fenómeno que ha ganado popularidad mundial en los últimos años, sin embargo, sus orígenes se remontan más allá de esta década. El primer “idol group” masculino debutó en 1995 bajo la empresa de entretenimiento SM Entertainment. Dos años después, su contraparte femenina debutó y es considerado como el primer “idol group” femenino en la historia del kpop. La vida de un/a trainee Para poder ser un kpop idol, lo primero que hay que hacer es audicionar para una empresa de entretenimiento, si eres muy talentos@ y afortunad@, te convertirá en un trainee. Sin embargo, la vida de un trainee tiende a ser muy difícil. Desde entrenamientos de ocho de la mañana a 4 de la mañana, con pocas horas de sueño hasta dietas extremas para poder tener “el peso ideal”. Los trainees deben sacrificar cualquier ápice de libertad, viven en departamentos pequeños junto a otros trainees y son monitoreados constantemente en factores como peso, altura y figura. Idols femeninas y los estándares de belleza Corea del Sur es demasiado exigente con los estándares de belleza. Si eres idol, debes cumplir con estos o por lo menos con la mayoría para no ser tan criticado. Si bien estos estándares aplican tanto para hombres como para mujeres, las idols femeninas tienden a ser más criticadas y humilladas por el público coreano. La delgadez extrema, la piel súper blanca, el doble párpado y el v-shape son algunos de estos estándares que hay que cumplir y muchas idols se someten a operaciones estéticas para cumplir con dichos estándares. La mayoría de las idols son criticadas por su peso, por no ser lo suficiente delgadas para ser idol y son blanco de comentarios maliciosos. • Wendy de Red Velvet ha sido blanco de estos comentarios muchas veces, lo que la ha llevado a mantener dietas extremas para mantener una figura delgada la cual también ha sido criticada por el público coreano. • Kyla (antigua integrante de PRISTIN hizo su debut con PRISTIN cuando tenía 15 años y tuvo que enfrentar críticas y comentarios muy crueles con respecto a su peso. Se informó que, durante festivales y actuaciones, el público dejaría de cantar sus partes e incluso sería ignorada por las cámaras en un evento de fans. • Hwasa de MAMAMOO comentó que no cuidaba su peso de una forma especial y que seguía una dieta normal. Este comentario al parecer hizo enfurecer a muchas personas que comenzaron a escribir comentarios juzgando su figura la cual no encaja con los estereotipos de los coreanos • Jihyo de TWICE ha tenido que lidiar con comentarios sobre su figura desde sus días en el programa de supervivencia SIXTEEN. Durante el programa, no solo recibió crueles críticas del público sobre su peso, también fue avergonzada por el CEO de su empresa y por un fotógrafo que le dijo “Jihyo, te ves gorda”. Machismo hacia las idols femeninas El machismo es un fenómeno muy arraigado en Corea, y las idols pueden ser criticada por tener comportamientos y hacer cosas que solo están bien vistas que hagan los idos masculinos. Existe la doble moral en esta industria y mientras los idols masculinos son elogiados o no son criticados por hacer ciertas acciones, las idols femeninas son duramente criticadas si hacen cosas como estas. • HyunA en un evento celebrado por la Universidad Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Seúl, cautivó a la audiencia con un bralette simple y sexy y se acarició durante la actuación, no solo su vestimenta recibió duras críticas, las cosas explotaron aún más cuando tocó su seno. Pero cuando estos movimientos sugerentes y la ropa reveladora son utilizados por los grupos masculinos están bien vistos y no causan controversia. • Irene de Red Velvet fue duramente criticada por mencionar que había leído el libro ‘Kim Ji Young, born 1982’, el cual retrata el progreso actual de Corea en el feminismo. Luego de esto, varios “fans” subieron imágenes donde destruían y quemaban fotos de ella. Suzy, Seolhyun de AOA y Naeun de Apink también se han tenido que disculpar por hablar del feminismo. Sin embargo, cuando un integrante de BTS mencionó haber leído este mismo libro fue elogiado por mostrarse interesado en este tema. • Hye Jeong de AOA se llevó a la boca una cuchara y la sostuvo como un cigarro lo que causó que muchos la criticaran y se burlaran de ella, creando rumores maliciosos y llamándola ‘kkolcho’, una forma despectiva de llamar a alguien que fuma mucho. Por el otro lado, hay muchos idols masculinos que fuman, pero casi ninguno de ellos es llamado ‘kkolcho’ o es afectado por su reputación. • Gyuri se presentó en varios programas de televisión llamándose así misma princesa hermosa, y recibió una cantidad inesperada de odio de las personas que consideraron que su confianza era digna de vergüenza. En esa misma situación está Heechul de Super Junior y Jin de BTS, quienes siempre se han considerado así mismos como la ‘estrella más grande del Universo’ y el ‘hombre más guapo del mundo’, por lo que los fans los aprecian por su nivel de amor propio. Ciberacoso y misoginia: los casos de Sulli y Hara La vida detrás del escenario de un idol puede llegar a ser muy complicada, más siendo mujer y hay veces en que las críticas y los comentarios maliciosos hacia una persona pueden causar daños irreversibles, como en los casos de Sulli y Goo Hara, quienes decidieron terminar con su vida debido a todos estos comentarios. Sulli era miembro del girlgroup F(x) y era adorada por su belleza, su personalidad brillante y su porte de modelo, además de tener talento para los programas de variedades. En 2014 reveló su relación con una cantante 14 años mayor que ella y pasó de ser una de las chicas más queridas de la industria a una de las más despreciadas del país. Dejó atrás esa imagen inocente que la caracterizaba y en Instagram comenzó a mostrar un lado más atrevido. Apoyaba el movimiento “no bra”, en algunas fotos que subía a esta red social se le veía precisamente sin sostén por lo que fue muy criticada en especial por la comunidad masculina. También fue criticada por su participación en la película “Real” en 2017 donde realizó una escena sexual. También se convirtió en uno de los íconos del feminismo y se declaró a favor del aborto. Todo esto hizo que siguiera siendo perseguida en redes sociales con comentarios acusándola de drogarse, beber en exceso y ser libertina. El último escándalo en la que la involucraron antes de su muerte fue sobre la difusión de unas supuestas fotos íntimas de ella. Esto la hundió en un estado de depresión profunda y sumado al ciberacoso que venía sufriendo desde hace años decidió quitarse la vida en octubre del 2019. Goo Hara, fue otra víctima del estrés de pertenecer a la industria del kpop y del ciberacoso. En 2010 confesó que se había sometido a una cirugía plástica facial por lo que el público la señalo de arreglarse todo el cuerpo. En 2011comenzó a salir con Yong Junhyung, del grupo de kpop BEAST y los seguidores del cantante la menospreciaron y le dijeron que ella no era lo suficientemente buena para él. En 2018 denunció acoso psicológico y sexual por parte de su ex novio Choi JongBum por lo que inicia acciones legales contra él, pero ella fue amenazada con la publicación de un video sexual de ella. En 2019 su ex pareja es sentenciado a un año de cárcel tres años de libertad condicional pero jamás pisó la cárcel debido a su defensa. Ella siguió siendo víctima de mansajes de odio y comentarios horrible. Fue encontrada sin vida en noviembre del 2019. Ambas chicas fueron señaladas por expresar sus opiniones, el público fue muy cruel a tal punto que ellas decidieron quitarse la vida BIBLIOGRAFÍA: https://aminoapps.com/c/mamamoo-is-love/page/blog/existe-la-misoginia-en-el- kpop/e48E_kDs3uELEGgoLLPV1GZz1EZ7m5vLRr https://www.eldiario.es/cultura/musica/pecados-k-pop-fenomeno-suicidio- tragedia_1_1201768.html https://www.yucatan.com.mx/espectaculos/presion-sexismo-y-manipulacion-el-detras-del- k-pop-femenino https://kpoplat.com/2020/05/26/5-veces-que-idols-femeninas-fueron-avergonzadas-por- hacer-cosas-que-los-hombres-hacen-todos-los-dias/ https://aminoapps.com/c/k-pop-es/page/blog/idols-femeninas-sufren- mas/PJqu_mub6jB6rW6eXRMnZXQRaGm5dV https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/25/gente/1574679400_262183.html https://larepublica.pe/cultura-asiatica/2019/11/14/sulli-fx-death-la-verdadera-historia-de-la- cantante-de-k-pop-que-acabo-en-muerte-choi-jin-ri-instagram-fotos/ https://k-magazinemx.com/conociendo-a-s-e-s-el-primer-grupo-idol-femenino-en-el-kpop/ https://www.shock.co/musica/asi-es-como-el-k-pop-manufactura-grandes-estrellas-ie2561 https://www.nacionrex.com/k-pop-idols-criticadas-por-su-fisico-estereotipos-de-belleza- t202009250002.html https://www.noraemagazine.com/2020/11/05/el-capital-erotico-y-los-estandares-de- belleza-en-corea-del-sur/ https://tododekpop.com/idols-criticadas-mas-gordas-kpop/ .
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