UKWAZISA ISIKHOKELO SOVUNO LWEENTYATYAMBO ZASENDLE

1 Okuqulethweyo Ukwazisa Isikhokelo Sovuno Lweentyatyambo Zasendle 3 Isichazi-magama 4 Ukwazisa Isikhokelo Sovuno Ifynbos 6 Lweentyatyambo Zasendle Yintoni ifynbos? 7 I-Cape Floral Kingdom 7 Abantu abaninzi kwiOverberg bafumana iinkozo zokuphila kwiintyatyambo zasendle, Izityalo zaseMzantsi Afrika 8 ezaziwa ngokuba yifynbos. Abanye bakha ezi zintyatyambo ukuze bazithengise Ifynbos isesichengeni 8 kwiimarike, abanye bazincothula kuba iziintyatyambo zamanye amazwe, ukanti ke Ixabiso Lefynbos 9 abanye bazibandakanya kulondolozo lwendalo nokhenketho. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abasebenza emadlelweni babenolwazi ngezityalo ze-fynbos . Esi Sikhokelo Seentyatyambo Ifynbos nomlilo 9 Zasendle sichaza iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezingama-41 kwezona zityalo zefynbos zaziwayo Amacandelo ezityalo 9 ezivunwayo kumimandla yethu ukuze zisiwe kwiimarike zeentyatyambo. Ikwajolise Ukuthiya Izityalo Amagama 10 ekunikezeni inkcazelo eluncedo ezakuxhasa uvuno oluzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lwe- fynbos ngokubanzi. Imarike yefynbos 10 Ukuvuna ifynbos ngononophelo 11 Uvuno lweentyatyambo kuchaphazela okanye kuphembelela amadlelo. Ukuba asilumkanga, singonakalisa okanye side sibulale izityalo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba Inkqubo Yokuvuna Ezinzileyo 12 uvune iintyatyambo, kubalulekile ukubuza oku: IndlelaYokuziphatha Ephambili ye-SHP Kubavuni Basedle 12 • Yintoni emele ivunwe? Imigaqo elungileyo elishumi yokuvuna 13 • kumelwe ivunwe kangakanani? Vulnerability Index Noludwe Lwenkcazelo Ebomvu 13 • kumelwe zivunwe njani iintyatyambo? Yazi ubungakanani be-fynbos onayo 14 Izityalo Ze-fynbos Ze-Agulhas Plain nangaphandle 14 Esi sikhokelo sinenjongo yokunceda abantu baqonde: • Umahluko phakathi kweendidi ezininzi zezityalo zefynbos ezikhula endle; kwaye Inkcazelo ngezityalo 15 • Ziziphi izityalo ze-fynbos ezinokuvunwa, nokuba ziziphi ezinqabileyo nezimele ziyekwe endle. Flower Valley Conservation Trust 39

Imibulelo 41 Esi sikhokelo samadlelo siyafumaneka ngeelwimi ezintathu zaseNtshona Kapa Iincwadi 42 isiBhulu, isiNgesi nesiXhosa. Ababhali: UGerhard van Deventer, uGqr. David Bek, noGqr. Alice Ashwell

Abahleli: UHeather D’Alton, uRoss Turner, uBronwyn Botha, uGqr. Alex Hughes, uNjingalwazi Cheryl McEwan

Esi sikhokelo samadlelo sinesigunyaziso ngaphantsi kwezi kweCreative Commons Licence: I-Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives

CC BY-NC-ND

Nayiphi na imveliso iphantsi kwemiqathango yesigunyazisi:

Attribution— Kuzo zonke ii-kopi (okanye izinto ezicatshuliweyo) ithi: Copyright ©2015 Gerhard van Deventer Sandberg Fynbos Reserve, Gqr David Bek Newcastle University, Gqr Alice Ashwell, Heather D’Alton Flower Valley Conservation Trust, Ross Turner University of KwaZulu-Natal, uBronwyn Botha Flower Valley Conservation Trust, Gqr Alex Hughes Newcastle University, uNjingalwazi Cheryl McEwan Durham University

NonCommecial– Ngaphandle kokuba igunyaziswa yiYunivesithi yaseNewcastle kunye ne-Flower Valley Conservation Trust usetyenziso lwesikhokhelo nguwo nawuphi na umbutho kuthintelwe.

No Derivatite – Abagunyazisiweyo bangenza iikopi, basasaze, benze imiboniso kwaye benze iikopi zomsebenzi ngobunjalo bawo, kodwa bangavelisi ngokutsha.

2 3 Isichazi-magama Isichazi-magama

Kwesi Sikhokelo Sokuvunwa Kweentyatyambo ZaseNdle, amagama ezityalo nengcaciso yazo iyeyemfundiso. I-Marsh [yithi: märsh] – Indawo engahambisi amanzi kakuhle ngaphezu komhlaba. Kwicandelo leziqhamo ingcambu yesiqu Abantu abasebenza kwi-fynbos basebenzisa amagama amaninzi angaqhelekanga kuwonke-wonke. Ukuba nethi ngamathuba athile amanzi adame. IiMarshes zifumaneka eneengcambu ezaphukileyo apho umfama anokufaka okanye kwiindawo ezikufuphi nemiwonyo, imilambo nemigxobhozo. asike umthi weziqhamo aze azuze umgangatho omhle. ufumana igama ongaliqondiyo kule ncwadi, unokujonga oko likuthethayo kweli candelo. I-Nectar [yithi: nek-tur] – Incindi eswiti eveliswa zizityalo Isihlahla = Isityalo somthi esincinane kunomthi. I-Alien [yithi: ay-lee-en] – Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwizityalo Ikhosistim [yithi: ubudlelwane bendalo] – Indawo enezityalo, (ngokuqhelekileyo iintyatyambo). Inectar yenziwa ngamadlala Ngokuqhelekileyo sineziqu ezahlukeneyo ukusa kusiseko, nezilwanyana ezingaphili ngokwemvelo kwindawo evulekileyo. izilwanyana nezinto ezincinane eziphilayo. Zonke ziphila, abizwa ngokuba ziinectaries [yithi: nek-tur-eez]. Natsala kunokuba sibe sisiqu esikhulu esinye. Izilwanyana nezityalo zamanye amazwe ziziswa kwezo ndawo zitya, zivelise ezinye zize zisebenzisane kwindawo enye okanye izinambuzane, iintaka nezilwanyana nahambisa ipolen yeentyatyambo ngoxa zisela le ncindi iswiti. Isiqu esinye – Isityalo esikhula ngokusuka kwimbewu nesisiqu ngabantu, ngamanye amaxesha bengaqondanga. Ezinye kokusingqongileyo. esinye (njengomthi) kunokuba sibe namasebe (afana nezihlala). zikhula kakuhle kumakhaya amatsha zide ‘zibhukuqe’ izityalo Okusingqongileyo – Zimeko ezingqongileyo apho umntu, I-Pioneer plant [yithi: py-o-neer] – Esi sityalo sikhula kumhlaba nezilwanyana zemvelo zaloo ndawo. othe waphazamiseka okanye olinyiweyo, olihlungu, okanye Iindidi – Iqela lezilwanyana okanye izityalo ezikhangeleka isilwanyana okanye isityalo sihlala khona. zifana nezinokuvelisa uhlobo olufanayo lukhule. I-Biodiversity [yithi: by-oh-die-vur-suh-tee] – Igama elithi ozityalo zinyatheleke/zicinezeleke zafa. I-Pioneer plants ziqinile ‘Bio’ lithetha ubomi, kwaye igama elithi ‘diversity’ lithetha I-Extinct [yithi: ek-stinkt] – Igama elichaza uhlobo lwesityalo ngokuba zikhula elangeni nakumhlaba ongemhle. Ziba yikoloni Imbewu – Isityalo esincinane esikhula kwimbewu enye. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko igama elithi ‘biodiversity’ lithetha okanye isilwanyana esingafumanekiyo naphina emhlabeni. yendawo ukuze ifanelekele izityalo ezingakhuli kakuhle. Species [say: spee-sees or spee-sheez] – A group of animals or iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana kuloo ndawo. Siphelile ngokupheleleyo. Le nkqubo yokuphela ibizwa ngokuba plants that look similar and can breed and produce fertile young. “yi-extinction” [yithi: ek-stink-shun].Ezinye iintlobo ziphela UkuPholineyitha [yithi: poh-lih-neyita] – Ukususa ipholen Ifynbos ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo (okanye iindindi) zezityalo, kwenye intyatyambo ukusa kwenye ukuze isityalo sisuswe ngoko ‘inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokwahlukana kwemvelo’. endle. Oku kuthetha ukuba azisakwazi ukuphila kwimvelo, Ukuqhubeka – Ukuba umsebenzi uyaqhubeka umele kodwa zinokufumaneka kwiigadi neendawo ezikhuselweyo. kwesinye ukusa kwesinye isityalo nokuze kuveliswe imbewu. uqhubeke ixesha elide. Ukuvuna ifybos kuyaqhubeka, kufuneka Eyona ndawo ‘inemvelo eyahlukeneyo’ yindawo enemvelo Umoya nezilwanyana (ezifana neentaka nezinambuzane) ezahlukeneyo ibe/okanye etyityimbiselwa umnwe zizityalo ivunwe ngononophelo ukuze isityalo siqhubeke sivelisa unyaka I-Floret [yithi: floh-ret] – Intyatyambo elula, kunye nezinye, iyila zisoloko zinenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pollination [yithi: nonyaka. nezilwanyana. uhlobo lweentyatyambo ezaziwa ngokuba ‘ziinflorescence’. poh-lih-nay-shun]. Intyatyambo yeProtea, yintyatyambo eyenziwe yimeko Uhlaza – Elinye igama ‘bubomi bezityalo’. Ibhayon inokuquka I-Biome [yithi: by-ohm] – Iindawo zendalo ezifana nentlango, I-Resprouter [yithi: ree-sprau-tur] – Izityalo ezinokukhula emva amahlathi, ifynbos okanye indawo enengca. Ubushushu, umhlaba yokusingqongileyo kwiflorets ezininzi. iindidi ezahlukeneyo zohlaza. Umzekelo i-Fynbos Biome kokuba ziye zatsha ngumlilo wamadlelo. Amasebe namagqabi inokufumaneka kwiingqokelela ezahlukeneyo ezikhula nezinye iimeko zaloo ndawo ziphembelela izityalo nezilwanyana I-Fynbos yithi: fain-boss] – Uhlobo olufunyanwa kwiinxalenye amatsha ngaphantsi kwamasebe ayimithi, okanye ngaphantsi ezihlala apho. ezintabeni, kufuphi nolwandle, kwiindawo ezixineneyo zeNtshona Koloni apho imvula isina ebusika. Imbalwa imithi komhlaba wetubers. nakwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo. ekhula kwifynbos. Uninzi zizityalo namahlahla, izityalo I-Botany [yithi: boh-tah-nee] – Uhlolisiso lwezityalo. ‘Ibotanist’ I-Rootstock [yithi: root-stok] –Le ndawo ekhula ngaphantsi ngumntu ofunda ngezityalo. Igama elithi ‘Botanical’ lithetha into ezincinane neengcongolo. Ifynbos ifumene igama layo ngenxa yamahlahla (bos) nokuba namagqabi amancinane (fyn). kwesityalo, ukwenzela iingcambu neziqu ezingaphantsi yokwenza nezityalo. komhlaba (okanye irhizome), enokuvelisa isiqu namasebe I-Bract [yithi: brakt] – Inxalenye yesityalo efana negqabi ibe Indawo – Ikhaya lemvelo okanye okusingqongileyo ifumaneka apho zikhula khona kwisiqu. Kwezinye izityalo kwizilwanyana, izityalo nezinto eziphilayo. ezifana neProtea, iinxalenye zeentyantyambo zikhangeleka zifana I-Indigenous [yithi: in-dih-jih-nus] – Oku kuchaza izityalo namagqabi ebract. Umzobo wobume besityalo okanye izilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo yemvelo okanye Petal I-Broadcast sowing [yithi: brawd-carst so-ing] – Ukutyala ikhosistim. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abazizisanga izityalo imbewu ngokulahla ezisesandleni emhlabeni. Akukho nezilwanyana kule ndawo. Sinokutsho ukuba isilwanyana okanye mthethweni ukutyala imbewu kwindawo yefybos, ngenxa isityalo singesalapho ‘ngokwemvelo’. yokuba izityalo ezityalwayo zinokuthatha indawo yezityalo I-Inflorescence [yithi: in-floh-reh-sense] – Iqela okanye igquba Anther Stigma ezikhula pha ngokwemvelo. Oku kunciphisa ibiodiversity. leentyatyambo kwisiqu esinye. Sibizwa ngokuba “yintloko I-Cape Floral Kingdom – Kukho iindidi ezintandathu yentyatyambo.” IProtea yiinflorescence yokwenene eyenziwa emhlabeni zefloral. Ezi ziindawo ezinkulu ofumana kuzo ziintyatyambo eziliqela ezibizwa ngokuba “ziiflorets”. Ezi florets ezikhethekileyo kula maqela ezi ndidi zezityalo ezintyatyambayo. zigutyungelwe yiringi yebracts. Uninzi lwezinye izityalo, umz. Filament I-Cape Floral Kingdom ifumaneka ngokuyintloko eNtshona ikhala ne-agapanthus, nazo zinegquba leentyatyambo okanye Kapa. Yeyona incinane kwiindidi zefloral eMhlabeni. Iindidi ii-inflorescences. zezityalo ezifumaneka kwiCape Floral Kingdom ziquka iProtea, Invasive [syithi: in-vay-siv] – Eli gama lichaza izityalo iErica neRestio. nezilwanyana ezinwenwa emhlabeni ukuthatha indawo Petal I-Classification [yithi: klah-sih-fih-kay-shun] – Uqheliselo yezityalo nezilwanyana zemvelo. Ukuba izityalo ze-invasive lokufaka izinto kumaqela okanye kwiindidi ngokusekelwe zidla ngokukhula ngcono kune qela lasekuhlaleni ngenxa kwindlela ezifana okanye ezahluke ngayo kwezinye. Ukwahlula yokuba azinazinambuzane okanye izifo zemvelo kuloo kunceda ukubeka izinto ngolungelelwano nokuqondisisa inani ndawo ingqongileyo. Asizizo zonke izityalo zamanye amazwe lezityalo ezahlukeneyo. ezinwenwayo. Ezinye izityalo zamanye amazwe ezinwenwayo ezibeka esichengeni ifynbos yiMyrtle, iRooikrans, iPort Jackson Ulondolozo [yithi: ulondolozo] –Sisenzo sokukhusela willow neDywabasi. nokulawula kakuhle indawo nokusingqongileyo. Stem

4 5 IFynbos Abatyeleli baseMzantsi Yintoni ifynbos Afrika badla ngokuchaza

Abatyeleli baseMzantsi Afrika badla ngokuchaza iNtshona ebusika ibe shushu yome ehlotyeni. Ubukhulu becala eMzantsi iNtshona neMpuma neMpuma Kapa njengezona ndawo zintle eMhlabeni. Eneneni, Afrika imvula ina ehlotyeni kuze kubekho ubusika obomileyo. umzantsi weKapa ukuya kufika eGeorge waziwa ngokuba Izityalo zefynbos zimele zomelele ukumelana nembalela Kapa njengezona ndawo ‘Yindlela Yegadi [‘Garden Route’] ngenxa yembonakalo entle yasehlotyeni ende yeentaba neenduli, nezigutyungelwe yifynbos. zintle eMhlabeni. I-Fynbos ifumaneka kakhulu kwiindawo ezinomhlaba I-Fynbos luhlobo lohlaza okanye lwasendle. Igama elivela ongemhle, nonee-leeche ezininzi. Le yenye indlela oyibona kwelesiDatshi elithi ‘fijnbosch’, elithetha ‘isihlahla esincinane’, ngayo ifynbos, njengokuba zimbalwa izityalo ezinokukhetha Eneneni, umzantsi libhekisela kwindlela isityalo esikhangeleka ngayo. Uninzi ukukhulela kumhlaba onjalo. Ifynbos ivumelana neemeko, ize lwezityalo zefynbos zinezihlahla ezincinane kunokuba zibe ikhule kwiindawo ezinye izityalo ezingenako ukukhula khona. weKapa ukuya kufika yimithi. Imililo ixhaphakile kwifynbos xa kushushu, komile kukho I-Fynbos Biome indawo yemvelo ukusuka e-Vanrhynsdorp nomoya ehlotyeni. Phofu, ifynbos ifuna ukutsha rhoqo emva eGeorge waziwa esentshona ukusa kwimpuma ye-Rhini, inokuba yindlela egudla kweminyaka emalunga neli-15. Umlilo unceda ikhule ngokutsha ulwandle ezikhilomitha ezingama-100 ukusa kwezingama-200. ngenxa yokuba isusa izityalo ezidala, umsi ovela emlilweni ngokuba ‘YindlelaYegadi’ Le ndawo inemozulu yeMeditera, iyabanda, imvula zinetha unceda iimbewu iwele emhlabeni kuze kuvele izityalo ezitsha. [‘Garden Route’] ngenxa yembonakalo I-Cape Floral Kingdom entle yeentaba neenduli, Iinzulu-lwazi ziye zahlukanisa umhlaba waba ngamacandelo Phantse zizityalo ezahlukeneyo ezingama-9,000 ezikhula kule nezigutyungelwe amathandathu abizwa ngokuba ziindidi zezityalo (okanye ndawo ngokwemvelo. Ifynbos ichazwa zezi zintsapho zintathu: amacandelo ezityalo). Nganye kula macandelo ikhethekile ngenxa yokuba uhlobo lwayo lukhulela apha. I-Cape Floral Kingdom • I-Proteaceae [yithi: pro-tee-ay-see] – udidi lweProtea yifynbos. (okanye iCape Floristic Region) yeyona incinane emhlabeni. • I-Ericaceae [yithi: eh-rih-kay-see] – udidi lwe-Erica Inezona ntlobo zahlukeneyo zezityalo kwiindidi zezityalo. • I-Restionaceae [yithi: reh-sti-oh-nay-see] – udidi lweRestio. Kuphela kwendawo enezityalo ezifumaneka kwilizwe elinye. Amashumi amathandathu anethoba ekhulwini efynbos akhula Olona hlaza lufumaneka kwiCape Floral Kingdom yifynbos. kule ndawo kuphela, akakho kwenye indawo eMhlabeni. Sibiza Lukhona nolunye uhlaza olukhula kule ngingqi, Umz. olu hlobo lwezityalo ngokuthi ‘yi- endemic’. I-renosterveld, i-Succulent Karoo, eshinyeneyo nesehlathini.

6 7 Izityalo zaseMzantsi Afrika Ixabiso Lefynbos

EMzantsi Afrika sinenani lezityalo zemveli (okanye zomthonyama) KuMzantsi Afrika uphela: I-Fynbos inexabiso kakhulu kubo bonke abemi baseMzantsi Ikhosistim yefynbos ikwasinika iinkonzo ezisimahla: eziziindidi: ezisisimbuku ezingama-20 000. Uludwe Olubomvu Afrika. Izisa ingeniso ngqo xa ithe yavunwa ukuze ithengiswe Lwezityalo zaseMzantsi Afrika (Raimondo et al. 2009) lusixelela • Iintlobo zezityalo ezinga - 40 (okanye 0.2% zazo zonke kwimarike zeentyatyambo kunye namayeza. Itsala izigidi • Iintyatyambo zefynbos zivelisa ukutya kweenyosi xa ukuba zeziphi iindidi ezisesichengeni. izityalo) sele ziphela; zabakhenkethi ehlabathini lonke ukuze baze kuzibukela. zisetyenziswa ukudlulisa ukutya kwimithi yeziqhamo. • Iintlobo zezityalo - 2,569 (12.6%) zisesichengeni sokuphela; kunye Zidibene, ifynbos kunye nokhenketho zizisa izigidi zeerandi • I-fynbos isebenzisa amanzi amancinane kunezinye izityalo Phantse ikota (okanye 25%) yezityalo zaseMzantsi Afrika: • Iintlobo zezityalo - 2,409 (11.8%) sibangela ixhala lokuphela. ezingamashumi asixhenxe anesixhenxe (R77m) ngonyaka ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezifana neDywabasi. Ngoko ke, (Turpie et al. 2003) ezimiselwa kwezoqoqosho kwiCape iindawo ezinefynbos zidlulisa amanzi amaninzi ukuba aye • zisemngciphekweni wokuphela: oku kuthetha ukuba kusele Floristic Region. emilanjeni nasemadameni. izityalo ezimbalwa nesele zisengozini yokuphela tu (okanye ziyaphela); okanye • Zibangela ixhala: oku kuthetha ukuba abantu bakhathazekile ukuba inani lezityalo liyancipha. Ezi zityalo zinokuba sesichengeni sokuphela ukuba asizibeki esweni ukususela Ifynbos nomlilo ngoku.

N I-fynbos isebenzisana kakuhle nomlilo. Xa indawo ene-fynbos eli-10 neli-15. Kodwa xa umlilo utshisa izihlandlo ezininzi, isitsha, umlilo ulungiselela ukuba kwandiswe kuze kuvunyelwe unokubulala izityalo zefynbos nezithatha ixesha elide ukuba ukukhula kwembewu. Kwakhona, kuvela izithungu zefynbos, zikhule. Ukuba izityalo azitshi ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi SOUTH izityalo ziyafa emva konyaka okanye emibini, ukuze kuvele kokuba kufike umlilo zinokufa. Yiyo loo nto kukuhle ukulawula iintyatyambo nembewu, ngenxa yokuvela kwelanga nokufikelela umlilo wamadlelo ngobunono. kwalo kuzo, kwaye kuvela izidlo ezininzi. Xa izityalo ezilandelayo zikhula ziba nde, ziza kuba zezona ziphambili Kubalulekile ukudibanisa ukutshisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo de kufike umlilo olandelayo. Umlilo uvela emva kweminyaka kunye nolawulo lokuthintela umlilo.

Clanwilliam The Cedarberg Amacandelo ezityalo

Ceres Kukho izityalo ezizigidi emhlabeni. Kuyasinceda ukukwazi ULinnaeus wahlula izinto zendalo ngokwala maqela uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwezityalo ezidityanisiweyo kwiqela alandelayo: ngalinye, ukwazi amagama namaqela (umz. ii-Geranium, ii- CAPE TOWN Villiersdorp lettuce, iziqhamo ze-citrus, ii-Protea). • Amaqela amakhulu kakhulu abizwa ngokuba iziKumkani: Cape Caledon Izilwanyana, Izityalo ; ne-Monera Peninsula Kleinmond Critically endangered Ngo-1735, ingcali yezityalo yaseSweden noGqirha wezamayeza • UbuKumkani bahlulwe yaba Ngamacandelo, umz. ii- Hermanus Bredasdorp Elim Endangered uCarolus Linnaeus [yithi: Ka-row-lus Lih-nay-us] wayila Vertebrates nee-Invertebrates ebukumkanini bezilwanyana; INDIAN OCEAN Vulnerable indlela yokubeka ngokwamacandelo izinto zemvelo ezifanayo Cape • Amacandelo ahlulwe aba Ziintsapho, umz. iiProtea, iErica 0kilometres 100 ngendlela ezikhangeleka ngayo. Wapapasha inkqubo yokwahlula Agulhas Least Threatened neRestio amaqela ezityalo ze-fynbos; ngokwamacandelo kwincwadi ekuthiwa yi-Systema Naturae, ethetha ‘inkqubo yendalo’. • Iqela elincinane lezityalo okanye izilwanyana likhangeleka ngathi liyafana neqela le-Genera (isinye: Genus); kunye • I-genus nganye iqulethe inani leentlobo. Oku kungenxa yezilwanyana nezityalo ezivelisa ngokuhlangana nezinye I-Fynbos isesichengeni zohlobo olufanayo.

Phantse kwiminyaka engama-300 sisasebenzisa le nkqubo Malunga neekota ezintathu (okanye 75%) zezityalo eziseMzantsi • Neentlobo zezityalo ezingama - 3,296 zibangela ixhala yokwahluka nobugcisa banamhlanje ukuvumela izitiya zikwazi Afrika zikwiFynbos Biome (Le Roux et al. 2012). Uninzi lwezi kulondolozo – 3,151 kwi-endemic. ukwahlula kakuhle imithi kunye neentlobo zezityalo. zityalo zifumaneka kwi-fynbos kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba zikhula kuphela kwiBhayom Ye-Fynbos azikho kwenye indawo Izityalo zeFynbos zisesichengeni: eMhlabeni. Ngoko, abo basebenza kwi-fynbos banoxanduva • Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala – ngenxa yeedolophu, lokunakekela ezi zityalo zibalulekileyo. ezolimo nokuphuculwa kweendawo; KwiFynbos Biome: • Ukwanda kwezityalo zamanye amazwe; • Ulimo olungenziwa ngendlela efanelekileyo; • Iintlobo zezityalo ezili - 1,805 zisesichengeni sokuphela – 1,745 ezinye ze-endemic; kunye • Uvuno olungazinzanga; • Imililo etsha rhoqo.

8 9 Ukuthiya Izityalo Amagama Vuna i-fynbos ngononophelo

ULinnaeus waqulunqa inkqubo esetyenziswa zizo zonke Nanga amagama amathandathu ezenzululwazi (okanye awe Nazi izinto onokucinga ngazo: iinzulu-lwazi ehlabathini ezisebenza ngezinto eziphilayo. Siyibiza binomials) oza kuwafumana kwesi sikhokelo. Gama ngalinye le nkqubo ngokuba ‘yi-binomial system’ [yithi: buy-no-me-al] lelohlobo olwahlukileyo: • Xa iintyatyambo zefynbos zisuswa edlelweni, oku kuthintela • Ngenxa yokuba ifynbos ixabisekile, ikhuselwe ngokomthetho ngenxa yokuba uhlobo ngalunye lunikwa amagama amabini. ukuba zingenzi imbewu ezakwenza izityalo ezitsha. Yiloo nto (kuquka i-National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Igama lokuqala leleqela (genus) elesibni igama lohlobo I-Aulax umbellata, I-Leucadendron platyspermum, simele sishiye ezinye iintyatyambo edlelweni. Act ka-2004). Umzekelo, akukho mthethweni ukuvuna (species). Le nkqubo ye-binomial isoloko ibhalwa ngamagama I-Leucadendron xanthoconus, • Ukuba asazi ukuba kumele sivune ziphi izityalo, sinokuvuna okanye ukususa ifynbos esedlelweni engazange ikhe isuswe akekeleyo kwaye yona inkqubo ye-binomial isekelwe kwiilwimi I-Protea cynaroides, I-Protea neriifolia, I-Protea susannae. ezinqabileyo nezisecicini lokuphela. ngaphambili (umzekelo ukutyala esinye isityalo endaweni zamandulo (IsiLatin nesiGrike) ezingasathethwayo namhlanje. yayo). Kufuneka siyazi size siyithobele imithetho yokukhusela Ngokusuka kweli gama kucacile ukuba sibona izityalo • Ukuba sivumela izityalo zamanye amazwe zikhule i-fynbos. Umzekelo we-binomial: ngokusondeleyo kunezinye. Umzekelo sibona iintlobo ezimbini emadlelweni, zinokugubungela i-fynbos ngaphantsi kwazo, zeqela i-Leucadendron. Zombini iConebushes (i-Tolbosse) zizithintele zingakhuli. Simele sisuse izityalo ezivela kwamanye • Akukho mthethweni ukuvuna i-fynbos ngaphandle zifakwe kwiqela elinye. amazwe emadlelweni ethu. kwelayisensi echanileyo evela kwabasemagunyeni bolondolozo lwendalo efana ne-CapeNature. Ezi layisensi zinceda ‘I-Protea compacta’ Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeqela le-Protea. Abantu abaninzi bazi ekulungiseleleni imiyalelo esinceda sinyamekele i-fynbos. i-Protea eyintyatyambo, zontathu izityalo zeProtea ziluhlobo • Igama lisixelela ukuba liqela (okanye igenus) ye-Protea. oluthile lwentyatyambo. • Igama lesibini, compacta, lisixelela ukuba luhlobo olunjani Ukuqonda okuchaphazela ukuvuna kuya kusenza sijonge amadlelo ngendlela ephumelelayo. Ngaphezulu koko, ukuba sivuna yonke lwe-Protea. Xa ufunda le nkcazelo yezityalo kwesi sikhokelo, uza kufumanisa i-fynbos kulo nyaka, asinakuba nayo i-fynbos kwixesha elizayo. Oku kuya kuchaphazela impilo zabantu. ukuba kukho izityalo ezintandathu ezikusapho: i-Proteaceae [yithi: pro-tee-ay-see] okanye iqela leProtea. Ngoko, nakuba Ngamanye amaxesha amagama obunzululwazi asixelela okuthile intyatyambo iyeye Aulax, i-Leucadendron neProtea ikhangeleka ngesityalo. Kule meko igama elithi ‘compacta’ lisixelela ukuba yahlukile, la maqela ayafana ngokwaneleyo okokukuba amagqabi ‘abophene’ kwisiqu. angafakwa kusapho olunye.

Kwesi Sikhokelo Sokuvunwa Kweentyatyambo Zasendle, sisebenzisa usapho, iqela, kunye nohlobo lwamagama ezityalo. Njengokuba usebenzisa esi sikhokelo uza kuqhelana namagama ezityalo enzululwazi. Oku kuza kunceda uqonde isityalo ngokwendlela esahlulwe ngayo.

Imarike yefynbos

Umsebenzi wokuvuna izityalo zasendle uneminyaka engaphezu Ezinye izithungu zithengiswa eMzantsi Afrika kwiivenkile kwe-100 ukhona, ukomiswa kwezityalo ezithunyelwa eJamani ezinkulu, kwiivenkile zeentyatyambo nakubantu abananisa kuqale kwinkulungwane ye-19. Namhlanje kukho amashishini basesitratweni. Izithungu zithunyelwa kakhulu eYurophu. okuvuna angaphezu kwe-700 kwiNtshona Kapa (Middelman Ifynbos entsha ithunyelwa eAalsmeer eNetherlands. Ize apho 2012). Umsebenzi wefynbos ubaluleke kakhulu ukuyila ithengiswe efantesini. imisebenzi nokufaka ingeniso kubantu abaninzi. Iintyatyambo ezomisiweyo nazo zibalulekile. Inani elininzi Abavuni beentyatyambo zefynbos bakha iintyatyambo lezityalo ziyomiswa, zifakwe iblitshi okanye umbala wefynbos, kumadlelo okanye kwizitiya zeentyatyambo. Bathatha izityalo zithunyelwe eJamani. ezivunwayo ukuze zipakishwe endlwini apho kukho abantu abazipakishayo ukuze zibe zizithungu zeentyatyambo. Isithungu seentyatyambo esiqhelekileyo sinokuba ‘nefocal flowers’ efana neProtea, kunye neziqu ‘eziluhlaza’. Ezinye iintyatyambo zivunwa zivela kwidlelo, kodwa ezininzi zikhuliswa kwizitiya zeentyatyambo ukuze zilawulwe lula.

10 11 Inkqubo Yokuvuna Ezinzileyo Imigaqo elungileyo elishumi yokuvuna

Inkqubo Yokuvuna ezinzileyo [Sustainable Harvesting Programme (SHP)] yasungulwa ngo-2003 ukuze Amaqela avunayo kufuneka alandele le Migaqo Ilungileyo 5. Qiniseka ukuba isecateur (isikere) yakho icocekile kwaye kukhuselwe i-fynbos nabantu abasebenza ngayo nabaxhomekeke kwi-fynbos. I-Flower Valley Conservation Yokuvuna xa evuna iintyatyambo emadlelweni, njengokuba ibukhali. isekelwe kwiNdlela Ezinzileyo Yokuvuna iintyatyambo zasendle: Trust isebenza neCapeNature, abanini zitiya, iingcali zemarike nabasebenzi be-fynbos kwiminyaka elishumi baye 6. Qiniseka ukuba usika isiqu ngokwe-engile. 7. Musa ukushiya inkunkuma (kuquka iintambo) edlelweni. baqulunqa le nkqubo. 1. Yiba nelayisensi esexesheni yeCapeNature. 2. Ukusebenzisa imaphu ukuze wazi iindawo ofanelwe 8. Kuphela vuna okudingayo. Landela ulwalathiso lweemarike ukuze zingajikiswa. I-SHP ilungiselela ukunikezela nge-SHP Toolkit ukunceda 4. Inkxaso yokufumanisa nokuhlolisisa umhlaba wezityalo kukuvuna kuzo. abavuni be-fynbos ukuba basebenze ngononophelo. nendawo ezikhulela kuzo kwindawo nganye 3. Ukuphepha ukonakalisa izityalo ongazokuzivuna. 9. Lahla izityalo eziyinkunkuma kakuhle. Musa ukulahla ngokweziqhu edlelweni. Ikwakhuthaza abavuni ukuhlala bekhangele (okanye babek’ 5. Ithuba lokuqeqesha namandla okwakha 4. Ungaze uvune ngaphezulu kwama-50% kweentyatyambo esweni) amadlelo e-fynbos, ukuze iqondwe ngcono indlela 10. Gcina ingxelo yokuba uvune njani nokuba phi. 6. Inkxaso yokuqhubeka nophando neziqu zesityalo. okuchaphazela ngayo kwixesha elizayo la madlelo. 7. Ukufikelela ukusetyenziswa ngokuphumelelayo inkcazelo I-SHP Toolkit iquka: (okanye irekhodi yenkcazelo) ukwenza iphumelele ngakumbi ukuceba nokulawulwa komhlaba. 1. Inkqubo Yovuno Oluzinzileyo Ihambisana Nokuziphatha Xa Kuvunwa Edlelweni Ukutyala iintyatyambo, ukunikezelwa kwefynbos kubanini I-Vulnerability Index Noludwe Lwenkcazelo Ebomvu 2. Indeksi ye-Vulnerability, iphuhlisa ngokucacisa iSHP, nenceda bemihlaba kunokuba namalungu eNkqubo Yovuno ukuchaza iintlobo ezinokuvunwa Oluzinzileyo. 3. Inkxaso yokufumana ilayisensi yeentyatyambo Kwi-SHP Toolkit, i-Vulnerability Index inceda ukulawula ukuba Izintlu Zoludwe Olubomvu lwaseMzantsi Afrika zeziphi iintyatyambo ezinokuvunwa emadlelweni ukuze zisiwe Izintlu Zoludwe Olubomvu lwaseMzantsi Afrika kwiimarike. Ilungiselela inkcazelo ye-fynbos ezili-150 ezikhoyo Ezingasafumanekiyo (EX) ngokwengxelo ye-Agulhas Plain. Ezingama-71 kwezi ziyavunwa Ezingasafumanekiyo endle (EW) ukuze ezingama-79 zibe sethubeni lokuba zingavunwa. Indeksi, Ezingasafumanekiyo endle (EW) Indlela Yokuziphatha Ephambili Ye-SHP Kubavuni Basendle esekelwe kukhetho lwemvelo, ilungiselela isikhokelo sendlela Ezingasafumanekiyo kwimimandla (RE) yokugcina izityalo ezinokuchaphazeleka kukuvunwa. Uhlobo Ezisesichengeni sokuphela ekusenokwenzeka ba ziphelile (CR,PE) ngalunye lunikwa inqaku eliqala ku 0-11. Inqaku eliphezulu libonisa Ezisesichengeni sokuphela ekusenokwenzeka ba ziphelile (CR,PE) Ezisesinchengeni sokuphela kakhulu (CR) isichenge sokuba singavunwa sichaphazele ezo zityalo. Ezisesinchengeni sokuphela kakhulu (CR) Uhlobo Uhloboolusesichengeni Uhlobo olusesichengeni Uhlobo Inkqubo Yovuno Oluzinzileyo (SHP) Nendlela Yokuziphatha 3. Ukuhambisana nemithetho kazwelonke neyephondo: Ezisengozi yokuphela (EN) oluxhalatyelweyo I- Vulnerability Index isixelela luluphi uhlobo lwezityalo: Ezisengozi yokuphela (EN) oluxhalatyelweyongokolondolozo Ephambili Kubavuni Basendle kulungiselela imiyalelo: Abavuni nabathengisi bamele bathobele imithetho: ukukhusela ngokolondolozo Ezisebungozini obumandla (VU) amadlelo, ukuvuna ngokusemthethweni, nokuncedisa 1. ezinokuvunwa; Ezisebungozini obumandla (VU) • Indlela yokuvuna ifynbos ngononophelo; amashishini athengisa kwiimarike ngokusemthethweni. 2. ezinokuvunwa, kodwa zibekwe esweni ukuba azikho Amanani ayehla, isityalo sikufutshane esichengeni (NT) • Imigaqo yentlalo-ntle nokusebenza – ukuphucula ukuphila; 4. Yibanesicwangciso solawulo olusemthethweni: sichengeni; kunye • Ukusebenzisana nemithetho yaseMzantsi Afrika. IsityaloIsityalo sinqabesinqabe kakhulu (CR) Abo banikezela nge-fynbos, abavuni nabanini mhlaba 3. ezingamele zivunwe ngenxa yokuba zisesichengeni Isityalo sinqabile (R) kufuneka babe nesicwangciso ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-fynbos kakhulu ukuba singasinda. Isityalo sinqabile (R) Indlela Yokuziphatha Ephambili isebenza ngemigaqo emine iyanyanyekelwa kwinqanaba ngalinye leshishini. Amanani ayehla (D) Ukwanda komngcipheko wokutshabalala Amanani ayehla (D) ekhusela okusingqongileyo: Ukwanda komngcipheko wokutshabalala I-South African National Botanical Institute (SANBI) Akhukho lwazi lwaneleyo ngesityalo (DDD) Indlela Yokuziphatha Ephambili ikhuthaza ukuphatha kakuhle ijongene nokuveliswa kweRed Data List uludwe lwezityalo 1. Ukulondoloza i-biodiversity: Akukho lwazi lwaneleyo – isityalo sisengxakini ngokwe-taxonomy Izityalo zefynbos zikhuselwe ngumthetho, ngakumbi izityalo abasebenzi nokukhuthaza indlela yokuziphilisa. ezisesichengeni, eziquka ifynbos. Uludwe olubomvu luchaza Akukho lwazi lwaneleyo – isityalo sisengxakini ngokwe-taxonomy eziza kuphela. isimo solondolozo lwesityalo ngasinye ukuze kuqwalaselwe Akukho nxalabo nezi izityalo (LC) Izityalo kufuneka zinikwe ixesha lokukhula emva kokuba umyinge womngcipheko isityalo eso esikuwo kwilizwe ngokubanzi. I-Vulnerability Index isetyenziswe ngokusondeleyo zivuniwe. Tshabalele noLudwe Olubomvu ngokwemithetho yabasemagunyeni, efana Esichengeni 2. Ukusebenzisa ifynbos yasedlelweni ngokuzinzileyo: Esichengeni neCapeNature. Ezinye izintlu ezixhalatyelweyo ngokolondolozo Izityalo ze-fynbos zikhuselwe ngumthetho, ngakumbi izityalo Ezinye izintlu ezixhalatyelweyo ngokolondolozo Ezinye izintlu eziza kuphela. I-Vulnerability Index yahlukile kuludwe Olubomvu ngendlela Izityalo kufuneka zinikwe ixesha lokukhula emva kokuba ezimbini: (i) ijolisa ngokukhethekileyo ekuvuneni; ize (ii) ijolise zivuniwe. kuhlobo lwezityalo olufunyanwa kwi-Agulhas Plain. Kukho Source: http://redlist.sanbi.org/redcat.php utshintsho kuludwe Olubomvu nakwi-Vulnerability Index ngamanqaku achazwe ngokwendlela ejolisa ngayo.

12 13 Izityalo Yazi ubungakanani be-fynbos onayo Apha sineentlobo zefynbos ezingama-41

Kwi-SHP Toolkit, i-Resource Base Assessment yenzelwe Olu hlolisiso luvumela abavuni, abathengisi nabanini mhlaba neziqhelekileyo kuvuno abavuni be-fynbos, nabanini mhlaba ukuba babone ukuba ukuba bazi okokuba bangavuna kangakanani kwindawo ethile bangavuna i-fynbos engakanani kwindawo ezithile zomhlaba yomhlaba wabo. Kubavumela ukuba balinganise uhlobo kunye lweentyatyambo kwi- wabo. namanani ezityalo notshintsho njengokuba ixesha lihamba. Oku kunika ukuba baqonde kakuhle indlela ukuvuna i-fynbos okunokutshintsha okanye kungatshintshi ngayo ukuma kwedlelo. Agulhas Plain. Inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngesityalo Izityalo zeFynbos kwi-Agulhas Plain nangaphandle ngasinye iyafumaneka, kwanokuba kutheni

Isikhokelo Sokuvuna Iintyatyambo Zasendle sichaza ngakumbi ngezinye izityalo ezingama-41 (okanye uhlobo) zivunwa nje ezi zityalo. lwezityalo lwe-fynbos ezikhula kwi-Agulhas Plain. Ezi ntlobo zikhethwe njengokuba izezona eziqhelekileyo I-Agulhas Plain yaziwa ukuba zivunwe. Uninzi lwezi zityalo lukhula kwezinye iindawo ze-Cape Floral Kingdom. Zonke ziintyatyambo okanye uhlaza oluvunwayo. ngokuba yi “biodiversity IAgulhas Plain yindawo yebiodiversity. Uninzi lwezityalo Izityalo ezingama-41 zivela kumaqela asibhozo ezityalo. Izityalo olukhula apha lusecicini (esichengeni) ngenxa yezityalo zamanye zifakwa ngokwamaqela akusapho olunye ngokulandelelana hotspot” kodwa iintlobo amazwe, ukuphuhliswa kweendawo zedolophu nezolimo, konobumba, ukuqalisa nge-Asteraceae ukuya kwi-Rutaceae. nasekuvunweni. Izityala ezininzi zahlukile (azifani nezinye) kule Zisuka ke zibekwe ngokwe-genus yazo namagama ohlobo ezininzi zezityalo ndawo. Ukuba ziyafa, azinakuphinda zibekho. lwazo, ngokulandelelana konobumba.

Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo ezinqabe kakhulu Isityalo ngasinye siyachazwa size sibe nomfanekiso ukuze zibuthathaka ngoko nezingaqhelekanga kuhlaza olukhula kumhlaba owahlukileyo ukwazi ukusikhumbula xa usedlelweni. Unokufumanisa umz. i-sand fynbos, i-limestone fynbos, ne-Elim Ferricrete ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lukhula kweyiphi indawo ubukhulu ke kumele ziphathwe fynbos esecicini lokuphela. Olu hlaza nalo lukhula kwiAgulhas becala. Unokufunda ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo Plain. Uhlaza lwemvelo olukhula kule ndawo nalo lufuna ezivunwayo, nokuba zisesichengeni zimele ziyekwe edlelweni. ngononophelo. ukukhuselwa.

14 15 Inkcazelo ngezityalo Inkcazelo ngezityalo

Okulandelayo zizityalo zefynbos eziyi-41 ezichazwe ngalendlela kwisikhokelo: Inkcazelo nganye yesityalo iquka:

Usapho Iqela Nohlobo • Ifoto yombala yentyatyambo; • Igama losapho esivela kuso isityalo; 1 Asteraceae Phaenocoma prolifera • Igama lesayensi lesityalo (igenus nohlobo); 2 Stoebe plumosa • Amagama esaziwa ngayo isityalo; 3 Syncarpha vestita • Inkcazelo yesityalo ngasinye: ukumila, ubude, ububanzi, amagqabi neentyatyambo nenkangeleko yazo, nendlela ekhula ngayo; 4 Bruniaceae Berzelia abrotanoides • Indawo isityalo esikhula kuyo: ukuba sifumaneka kweziphi iindawo elizweni; 5 Berzelia lanuginosa • Indlela isityalo esisetyenziswa ngayo, umz. ukuvunwa sisesitsha okanye somiswe ukuze sithengiswe; 6 Brunia albiflora • Inkcazelo ngolondolozo, njengokuba kuboniswe kuLudwe Olubomvu lwaseMzantsi Afrika Lwezityalo (ukufumanisa ukuba simi 7 Brunia laevis njani kwiintyatyambo zaseMzantsi Afrika): izinto ezibeka uhlobo emngciphekweni wokuphela kwaye lungasindiswa njani 8 Brunia noduliflora 9 Staavia radiata Izityalo zibekwa ngokwemibala ukuze sazi ukuba isityalo sixhaphakile okanye sisesichengeni kangakanani, 10 Ericaceae Erica coccinea ngokoLudwe Lwenkcazelo Ebomvu: 11 Erica imbricata • Luhlaza – oku kuthetha ukuba ezi izityalo zixhaphakile (azikho sichengeni), ngoko sinokuvunelwa imarike, 12 Erica plukenetii ngelayisensi ye-CapeNature efanelekileyo. • Orenji – esi sityalo siza kuphela. Sinokuvunwa, kodwa ngokugunyaziswa yi-CapeNature. 13 Proteaceae Aulax umbellata • Orenji – esi sityalo siyaphela. Sinokuvunwa ngokugunyaziswa yi-CapeNature. 14 Leucadendron coniferum • Bomvu – esi sityalo sisesichengeni. Sinokuvunwa, ngokugunyaziswa yi-CapeNature. 15 Leucadendron laureolum • Bomvu – esi sityalo sisesichengeni, yaye asimele sivunwe. 16 Leucadendron linifolium • Bomvu – esi styalo siyaphela, ngoko asinakuvunwa. 17 Leucadendron meridianum 18 Leucadendron muirii 19 Leucadendron platyspermum I-Vulnerability Index inamanqaku ahambisana nesityalo: 20 Leucadendron rubrum • 1 – 4: Izityalo azixhalatyelwanga/ azikho buthathaka, 21 Leucadendron salicifolium • 5 – 6: Izityalo ezimele zibekwe esweni; 22 Leucadendron xanthoconus • 7 – 8: Izityalo ezimele zibe phambili ukubekwa esweni; 23 Leucospermum cordifolium • 9 – 11: Izityalo ezingamele zichukunyiswe azimele zivunwe. 24 Leucospermum truncatulum 25 Mimetes cucullatus 26 Protea compacta Qaphela. Asizizo zonke zityalo ezinamanqaku e-Vulnerability Index. Oku kungenxa yokuba zifumaneka kwindawo ye-Agulhas Plain. 27 Protea cynaroides Noko ke, zimele zinikezelwe ekuvunweni ukuba ziboniswa zingezizo ezokwenyani. 28 Protea eximia 29 Protea longifolia Isikhokelo sempawu zezityalo 30 Protea neriifolia 31 Protea obtusifolia 32 Protea repens Ubude besityalo Isetyenziswa njani 33 Protea scolymocephala 34 Protea speciosa 35 Protea sulphurea Ixesha lokudubula enyakeni Imo yolondolozo 36 Protea susannae

37 Restionaceae Thamnochortus insignis

38 Rhamnaceae Phylica ericoides Ukuvelisa Umda efumaneka kuwo

39 Rubiaceae Anthospermum aethiopicum

40 Rutaceae Acmadenia heterophylla Phi Ubuninzi 41 Agathosma betulina

16 17 Phaenocoma prolifera vestitaSyncarpha Phaenocoma prolifera Syncarpha vestita Usapho: Usapho: Asteraceae – usapho le-Daisy Asteraceae – usapho le-Daisy Iqela: Iqela: Phaenocoma Syncarpha – chaza ukuthi ‘iziqhamo zimanyene’

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: prolifera – chaza ‘ukukhula rhoqo ngokwenani’ vestita – chaza ukuthi ‘gqunyiwe’ okanye ‘nxityisiwe’ Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Cape everlasting, Rooisewejaartjie, Strooiblommetjie Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Sewejaartjie, Strooiblommetjie, Matras Sewejaartjie Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 4 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 5

Iintyatyambo zidubula phakathi Isetyenziswa Njani? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 1.2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 90 cm Sikhangeleka njani isityalo esi? kuka Septemba no Matshi. I-Phaenocoma prolifera ikhula Isetyenziswa kwimisebenzi ISyncarpha vestita inesiqu esimi ISyncarpha vestita zityelelwa Ngaphambili, iintyatyambo September ukuya ku kwizityalo ezizinkuni kwisiqu Ivelisa njani ezinye? yeentyatyambo ezomiswayo. November ukuya ku nkqo esinye kunye namasebe zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo zeSyncarpha vestita March esinye esikhula ukuya kufika January amanzini. Sikhula sifikelele ku-90 yokudlulisela ipolen eqhelekileyo) bezisetyenziswa koomatrasi. kwiimitha eziyi-1.2 ubude. I-Phaenocoma prolifera zityelelwa Ulondolozo cm ubude. Amasebe, amasetyana kwaye zikhula kwimbewu. Le yifynbos yokuqala yesityalo Sivelisa kwimbewu, zizinambuzane eziliqela [Uludwe Olubomvu: Sivelisa kwimbewu, namagqabi agqunywe ziinwele eyathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe isasazwe zizinambuzane Inamagqabi amancinane, ezahlukeneyo (inkqubo Ayixhalatyelwanga] sisasazwe zizinambuzane eziyiwuli ezincinane, ezigreyi, Ifunyanwa phi? isuka eMzantsi Afrika isiya axineneneyo anombala oluhlaza yokudlulisela imbewu ezivakala zithambile. eYurophu ngeminyaka yee-1800s. nagreyi kwicala elifutshane ngezinambuzane). I-Phaenocoma prolifera inesiqu Zikhula kumaqela ezityalo E-Cape Peninsula ukuya esinye kwaye ayityatyambi ngenxa E-Cape Peninsula ukuya ezingamawaka-waka. Zikhula Ngoku isetyenziswa kushishino eBredasdorp lamasebe. eGeorge Amagqabi amileyo afika kwi-75 lweentyatyambo ezomisiweyo. Ifunyanwa phi? yoko izityalo ezintsha zikhula mm ubude ne-8mm ububanzi. esantini, kumathafa nemihlaba Zikhangeleka njani ngokusuka kwimbewu. Inokufa engami manzi phakathi kweNcam Ulondolozo Sithengiswa somisiwe iintyatyambo? Ikhula kwisanti eneasidi kwiNcam nokutsalwa isencinane, njengazo Sithengiswa somisiwa Zikhangeleka njani YeKapa neGeorge. yeKapa ukuya kutsho eBredasdorp. [Uludwe Olubomvu: zonke izityalo ezikhula ngokusuka iintyatyambo? Ayixhalatyelwanga] Asikho sichengeni Iintloko zeentyatyambo zinombala Ifunyanwa kumlinganiselo oyi-1 kwimbewu emva komlilo. Asikho sichengeni oqaqambileyo opinki kwaye 500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Iintloko zentyatyambo zikhazimla ISyncarpha vestita Fumaneka ndawo yonke zikhangeleka ngathi ziliphepha. mhlophe. Zineebracts ezincinane ayixhalatyelwanga. Iintyatyambo ziba mhlophe xa zixineneyo zeentyatyambo Xhaphakile zisiba ndala. ezipepuli. Iintyatyambo zivela ngoNovemba noJanuwari. Stoebe plumosa Berzelia abrotanoides Stoebe plumosa Berzelia abrotanoides Usapho: Usapho: Asteraceae – usapho leDaisy Bruniaceae – iqela leBrunia Iqela: Iqela: Stoebe Berzelia

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: plumosa – chaza ‘ngathi ziintsiba’ abrotanoides – ithetha ‘isityalo seplanga lombungu’

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Slangbos Bloed kol-kol

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 4

1 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 1.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? IStoebe plumosa sisihlahla IStoebe plumosa sityelelwa Sisetyenziswa kushishino IBerzelia abrotanoides sikhula IBerzelia abrotanoides ityelelwa IBerzelia abrotanoides sithandwa xa April ukuya ku June April ukuya ku October esinamasebe amaninzi. Isityalo zizinambuzane ezahlukeneyo lweentyatyambo ezintsha kwisihlahla seemitha ezili-15 zizinambuzane eziliqela sisitsha. sikhangeleka ngathi yiwulu. nakuba sinokusasaza ipoleni nezomisiweyo. Sikwasetyenziswa ubude. Sincinane, sinamagqabi (inkqubo yokudlulisela ipholeni Velisa kwimbewu, Sivelisa kwimbewu, Sikhula sibe yimitha ubude. ngumoya. Sikhula kwimbewu. njengeyeza, nakuba luluncinci afana nenaliti. eqhelekileyo). Uninzi lwezityalo Ulondolozo sasazwe zizinambuzane isasazwe zizinambuzane, Sinamagqabi agreyi namancinane, uphando elenziweyo lweempawu ludlulisela kwizizukulwana emva [Uludwe Olubomvu: okanye ihambe nomoya sigqunywe ziinwele eziyiwuli yaye Ifunyanwa phi? zokuphilisa intshule kwakhona Zikhangeleka njani kokuba zitshe ngumlilo imbewu Ayixhalatyelwanga] zinesiqu ezibugqabi ezithe nca kwimbewu iintyatyambo? encinane ukuze ikhula, ibe Cape Floristic Region Sifumaneka kuyo yonke iNgingqi Ulondolozo Asikho sichengeni ngoku. kumasebe. enezityalo zaseKapa. Isityalo Isityalo simhlophe sikhula sisithungu esikhula kude kube [Uludwe Olubomvu: E-Clanwilliam ukuya eBhayi ngumlilo olandelayo. Thengiswa zomisiwe, Zikhangeleka njani sikhula kwiqela elishinyeneyo. Ayixhalatyelwanga] sixinene. Ngasinye sinentloko zintsha okanye zenziwe iintyatyambo? Sithengiswa sisistsha enesiqu esikhulu. Isityalo Ifunyanwa phi? amayeza IStoebe plumosa asikho sichengeni. sityatyamba ngo-Aprili ukusa Iintyatyambo zikhula zibebrawuni Asikho sichengeni kuOkthobha. Sifunyanwa phakathi Azikho sichengeni okanye pepuli zize zikhule zibe kweClanwilliam neBhayi. nde ngokwesiqu. Iintyatyambo Fumaneka ndawo yonke Fumaneka ndawo yonke zezityalo zibonakala phakathi kuka-Aprili noJuni. Khula kwindawo Xhaphakile encinane 18 19 Berzelia lanuginosa laevisBrunia Berzelia lanuginosa Brunia laevis Usapho: Usapho: Bruniaceae – iqela leBrunia Bruniaceae – iqela leBrunia Iqela: Iqela: Berzelia Brunia

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: lanuginosa – sithetha ‘iwuli’ laevis – lithetha ‘thambileyo’

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Kol-kol Silver Brunia

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 6 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 6

igama lesityalo (lanuginosa elivela Isetyenziswa Njani? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 90 cm Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? kwisiLatini ngokuthi iwuli). [Uludwe Olubomvu: IBerzelia lanuginosa sisihlahla Istyenziswa njengentyatyamba IBrunia laevis sisihlahla esineziqu Brunia laevis ityelelwa June ukuya ku November Esi sityalo sidubula ngoJuni August ukuya ku January Ayixhalatyelwanga] esikwisiqu esinye neside, noNovemba. entsha nezalisa ngohlaza. ezininzi. Sikhula sibe yi-90cm zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo esibhityileyo. Sikhula iimitha ubude. Sisityalo esincinane, yokudluliselwa kwepoleni IBrunia laevis asikho sichengeni, Sivelisa kwimbewu, ezimbini. Sinamagqabi afana Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo Sivelisa kwimbewu, esinamagqabi agreyi. eqhelekileyo). Emva kokuba nakuba ukukhula ngenxa isasazwe zizinambuzane nenaliti. [Uludwe Olubomvu: sisasazwe zizinambuzane isityalo sidubule siba nezitokwe yokulima kukhuthaza ukusebenza IBerzelia lanuginosa ityelelwa Ayixhalatyelwanga] okanye sintshule emva Zikhangeleka njani zeenkuni ixesha elide. ngeBrunia laevis, ukuqinisekisa Zikhangeleka njani zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo iintyatyambo? E-Clanwilliam ukuya Esi sityalo asikho sichengeni kwemililo ukhuseleko lwesityalo. eBredasdorp iintyatyambo? yokudluliselwa kwepoleni Ifunyanwa phi? eqhelekileyo) ikhula kwimbewu. kodwa kwindawo emanzi Intloko yentyatyambo idibene, Iintyatyambo zincinane, siyakhula, umze. kwimilambo, E-Caledon nase eBredasdorp ibonakala izibhola ezimhlophe Sikhula phakathi kweentaba Sithengiswa sisitsha zineebhola eziluhlaza. Xa Ifunyanwa phi? kwiindawo zeseepage kwiindawo eziyi-2 cm. Isityalo sityatyamba eCaledon naseBredasdorp. zincinane ziyatyatyamba zivela ezimanzi, zinokuba sesichengeni Sithengiswa somisiwe ngoAgasti ukusa kuJanuwari. Asikho sichengeni ekugqibeleni kwamasebe. Ikhula kwiNtshona Kapa, phakathi ukuba zivunwa ngokungekho okanye sisitsha Isetyenziswa Njani? Njengokuba zivuthwa, iibhola kweClanwilliam neBredasdorp. mthethweni nezolimo, ukulinywa Fumaneka ndawo yonke Asikho sichengeni Sidla kokusetyenziswa sisitsha naxa ziyatshintsha zibe maruni obomvu. Ikhula kwisanti ethe tyaba okanye ukunyathelwa (ngabantu somisiwe. Sinexabiso eliphezulu Khula kwindawo Xa intyatyambo epheleleyo nasezindulini kwiindawo ezibizwa okanye izilwanyana) nasekomeni kwimarike zamanye amzwe. igqunywa yiphoneli ibonakala kweendawo ezimanzi. Fumaneka ndawo yonke encinane ngokuba yiseepage, apho umhlaba ingathi yiwuli. Oku kunika umanzi. Xhaphakile

Berzelia albiflora noduliflora Brunia

Usapho:Berzelia albiflora BruniaUsapho: noduliflora Bruniaceae – iqela leBrunia Bruniaceae – iqela leBrunia Iqela: Iqela: Berzelia Brunia

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: albiflora – thetha ‘intyatyambo emhlophe’ noduliflora – thetha ‘intyatyambo eneqhina elincinane’ Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Knopbossie, Koffiebossie, Stompies, Coffee-scented Brunia Igama Eliqhelekileyo: (Phawula: esi sityalo sithiywe elinye igama, elidala: Brunia albiflora) Knopbossie (Phawula: Esi sityalo sinegama elitsha, igama elidala:Brunia nodiflora.) Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: Ayibekwanga Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 2

3 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Iintyatyambo zinomtsalane, Isetyenziswa Njani? 50cm-1.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? ukusa eKogelberg ukutyhubela zimthuqwasi, zibusilivere-greyi. Xa iHermanus ne-Elim. Ibonakala IBerzelia albiflora inde, incinane Ivunwa njengentyatyambo entsha. IBrunia noduliflora sisihlahla IBrunia noduliflora ityelelwa March, April zityatyamba zinezityalo ezinuka March ukuya ku June nakwiintaba zeVan Stadens zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo isisihlahla esinesiqu esinye okwekofu. Zidubula ngoMatshi esineziqu ezininzi. Sikhula kufuphi neTinarha. Ulondolozo ukusa kwi-50 cm ukusa kwi-15 yokudluliselwa kwepoleni Sivelisa kwimbewu, namasebe amanzi. Ikhula ibe nangoAprili. Sivelisa kwimbewu, ziimitha ezintathu ubude. Inde [Uludwe Olubomvu: m ubude. Amasebe agqunywe eqhelekileyo). Emva kwemililo Isetyenziswa Njani? isasazwe zizinambuzane isasazwe zizinambuzane inamasebe agqunywe ngamagqabi. Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ayixhalatyelwanga] ziinwele ezincinane. Ezininzi isityalo siyadubula kuvela isiqu okanye sintshule emva (2–3 mm ubude), amagqabi afana esima ixesha elide. Sithandwa njengentyatyambo E-Hottentots Hollard ukuya Inombala oluhlaza omhle owenza Uludwe Olubomvu isihlahla sikhangeleke ingathi IBerzelia albiflora ityelelwa kwemililo neenaliti alala phantsi nxamnye entsha. eKlein River Mountain ngoku lubonisa ukuba ngumthi wepayina. Amagqabi zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo namasebe. Ifunyanwa phi? yokudluliselwa kwepoleni ukukhula okuqhubekayo E-South-western kunye nase Ulondolozo amnyama agqunywe ziinwele IBrunia noduliflora isikelwe umda Sithengiswa sisitsha eqhelekileyo) ikhula kwimbewu. kusemgciphekweni, nakuba esi Southern Cape Zikhangeleka njani [Uludwe Olubomvu: ezithambileyo. Zikhula zibe yi-12 sityalo sinokuba sesichengeni (okanye inemide) ukusa emzantsi- Ayixhalatyelwanga] mm ubude. iintyatyambo? Asikho sichengeni Ifunyanwa phi? ngenxa yezityalo zamanye amazwe. Sithengiswa somisiwe ntshona ukusa emazantsi eKapa. Intyatyambo inebhola ezigreyi Ikhula igcwale ilanga indawo Le ntyatyambo ayikho sichengeni. Zikhangeleka njani okanye sisitsha Ikhula kumaqela ashinyeneyo eziyi-10 mm. Amaqhina abrawuni yamathambeka esanti. Iqhelekile Fumaneka ndawo yonke iintyatyambo? nakwiindawo ezingumgxobhozo ahlala kwesi sihlahla iminyaka kumathambeka entaba zeOlifants kwiiHottentots Holland Fumaneka ndawo yonke Khula kwindaw encinane Iintloko zesiqu ziyi-40 mm ubude eliqela. Ityatyamba ngoMatshi River ukusa kwiPiketberg, kwiiNtaba zeKlein River. ziyi-15 mm ububanzi. Xhaphakile ukusa kuJuni. kwiNcam YeKapa, eJonkershoek, kwiNtaba yeHottentots Holland,

20 21 Staavia radiata imbricata Erica

Staavia radiata Usapho:Erica imbricata Usapho: Ericaceae – iqela le-Erica Bruniaceae – iqela leBrunia Iqela: Iqela: Erica Staavia Uhlobo: Uhlobo: imbricata – thetha ‘ukuvelela kwithayile radiata – ithetha ‘ukukhula embindini’ zophahla’, ibhekisela kumagqabi

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Glasogies, Altydbossie Kêr-kêr

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 4

Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo 90 cm Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 80 cm Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? [Uludwe Olubomvu: [Uludwe Olubomvu: IStaavia radiata sisihlahla esineziqu IStaavia radiata ityelelwa Ayixhalatyelwanga] IErica imbricata ikhula ibe sisihlahla IErica imbricata ityelelwa Ayixhalatyelwanga] Septemeber ukuya ku ezininzi namasebe amancinane. zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo June ukuya ku esime nkqo esinamasebe esivelisa zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo December Ikhula ibeyi-90 cm ubude. yokudluliselwa kwepoleni IStaavia radiata ayikho sichengeni December iintyatyambo. Sikhula sibe yi-80 cm yokudluliselwa kwepoleni Esi sityalo asikho sichengeni Inamagqabi afana nenaliti. eqhelekileyo). Emva komlilo kuba idubula kakhulu emva ubude. eqhelekileyo). Imbewu encinane kwezinye iindawo sisesichengeni, Sivelisa kwimbewu, iyaduba ibe neziqu. komlilo. Kodwa ke, inokuba Sivelisa kwimbewu, ikhulwa xa intyatyambo yomile. umze iindawo ezinamanzi. isasazwe zizinambuzane Zikhangeleka njani sesichengeni ukuba ifynbos isasazwe zizinambuzane Zikhangeleka njani iintyatyambo? Ifunyanwa phi? ilinywa ngokungekho mthethweni iintyatyambo? Ifunyanwa phi? E-Malmesbury ukuya e Intyatyambo encinane ikhula Ikhula kwiindawo zesanti okanye itshiswa kakhulu. E-Gifberg ukuya eBhayi Iintyatyambo ezipinki Ikhula kwindawo ezithe tyaba eRiversdale inye okanye ibe ngamaqela nakumathambeka aphantsi nezimhlophe eziyi-3 mm ubude zentaba ezivela eGifberg ukusa esiqu. Ikhangeleka njengedaisy, ukusukela eMalmesbury ukuya Sithengiswa sisitsha nezijingayo. Inxalenye yobuduna eBhayi. Sithengiswa sisitsha inebract ezimhlophe ezikwiqela eRiversdale. bentyatyambo (i-anthers) Asikho sichengeni lentyatyambo. Idubula ijinga ngaphandle kwentloko Isetyenziswa Njani? Asikho sichengeni ngoSeptemba ukusa kuDisemba. Isetyenziswa Njani? yentyatyambo. Esi sityalo saziwa Fumaneka ndawo yonke Zithandwa xa zisentsha. ngabavuni ngokuthi ‘kêr-kêr’ Fumaneka ndawo yonke Isetyenziswa ukugcwalisa isithungu seentyatyambo. Khula kwindawo ngenxa yesandi sesityalo xa bedlula kuso. Sityatyamba ngoJuni ukusa Xhaphakile encinane kuDisemba. Erica coccinea Erica plukenetii Erica

Erica coccinea Usapho:Erica plukenetii Usapho: Ericaceae – iqela le-Erica Ericaceae – iqela le-Erica Iqela: Iqela: Erica Erica Uhlobo: Uhlobo: plukenetii coccinea – ithetha ‘bomvu’ okanye ‘ngqombela’ Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Hangertjie Hangertjies, Vlakteheide Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: E. plukenetii subsp. plukenetii – 3 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 2 E. plukenetii subsp. lineata – 8

1.2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? ncangathi. Umbala uba bomvu, Ifunyanwa phi? 1 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? orenji, yelo okanye luhlaza. iintyatyambo? Ifumaneka kwiCape Floristic IErica coccinea sisihlahla esilukhuni Ikhula ukusuka eCederberg IErica plukenetii sime nqko Nyaka wonke Inxalenye yobuduna yentyatyambo Nyaka wonke Region, nakuba ezinye zikhula ngasentshona, ukusa kwiNcam esinesiqu esinye namasebe (iintonga nee-anthers) sinesiqu esikhula sibe yimitha Ineentyatyambo ezilithumbu kwimihlaba engafaniyo. amaninzi. Ikhula ibe yi-1.2m futhi yeKapa, eAgulhas Plain ubude sinamagqabi afana nenaliti ezijingayo ezantsi. Iianthers Sivelisa kwimbewu, zijinga ngaphandle kwetube Sivelisa kwimbewu, iintyatyambo zinokuba bomvu, nakwiiNtaba zeKamanassie ukuphakama. Kukho ezinye zine (inxalenye yobuduna) ijinga Isetyenziswa Njani? isasazwe zizinambuzane yentyatyambo. Zityatyamba unyaka isasazwe ziintaka kufuphi eGeorge. Ikhula orenji, yelo okanye zibe luhlaza. wonke kuxhomekeka kwindawo. ezingaphantsi iAgulhas Plain: 1.) ngapandle kwintyatyambo. Isikwa xa intsha. okanye zintshule emva Kukho ezinye izityalo ezibini kwindawo ezithe tyaba Erica plukenetii subsp. iplukenetii Intyatyambo inombala obomvu, Kwi Cape Floristic Region kwemililo ezingaphantsi (subsp.) ezivela Ivelisa njani ezinye? kufuphi nendawo eziselwandle kumhlaba weSandstone; 2.) omhlophe, opinki, oluhlaza Ulondolozo [Uludwe Olubomvu: kwiAgulhas Plain: IErica coccinea ngakwiintaba neendawo Sithengiswa sisitsha IErica plukenetii subsp. bredensis okanye oyelo ngamanye amaxesha Kwintshona ye Cederberg subsp. Coccinea, ekhula kumatye IErica coccinea ipoleni ezikufuphi nale ndawo. kwiLimestone nomhlaba intyatyambo iba nemibala Ayixhalabisi Kangako] ukuya KwiNcam YeKapa, idluliselwa ziintaka. Izityalo esanti; neErica coccinea subsp. welateritic; 3.) IErica plukenetii eyahlukileyo. Ityatyamba unyaka E. plukenetii subsp. plukenetii Agulhas Plain kunye ne zinokuthunyelwa okanye zidubule Isetyenziswa Njani? Asikho sichengeni I-Uniflora, evumela iLimestone subsp. penicellata kwiSandstone; wonke kuxhomekeka kwindawo. ayikho sichengeni / E. plukenetii Kamanasie Mountain ibe zidla ngokufumana indawo okanye isanti yaselwandle. Esi sityalo sithandwa xa sisitsha. kunye (4.) neErica plukenetii subsp. bredensis ayikho sichengeni yokudlulisela ipoleni, ngoko Fumaneka ndawo yonke Ivelisa njani ezinye? subsp. lineata ekhula nakowuphi / E. plukenetii subsp. penicellata Sithengiswa sisitsha Zikhangeleka njani kubalulekile ukugcina nokuvuna Ulondolozo Xhaphakile na umhlaba uyilwa phakathi Zonke izityalo zeErica plukenetii ayikho sichengeni. iintyatyambo? kakuhle. Iimbewu encinane [Uludwe Olubomvu: kweGansbaai neSoetanysberg. Asikho sichengeni inokukhululwa ize yomiswe. kwiAgulhas Plain zidluliselwa Sinentyatyambo ejingayo Ayixhalatyelwanga] ipholeni yintaka iSunbird. Imbewu [Uludwe Olubomvu: EN kulindwe uphando] Fumaneka ndawo yonke ngantathu kumasebe amafutshane. Nkqu nezingaphantsi kwiErica encinane iphuma xa iintyatyambo Iintyatyambo ziba 6-17 mm coccinea azikho sichengeni. zomile. E. plukenetii subsp. lineata 22 23 Khula kwindawo encinane ubude zibe mpuluswa okanye zibe isesichengeni ibe ayimele ivunwe. Aulax umbellata Leucadendron laureolum Aulax umbellata Leucadendron laureolum Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Aulax – the Featherbushes Leucadendron – iConebushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: umbellata – thetha ‘fana neambrela’ laureolum

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Krismisblom, Broad-leaf Featherbush Louriertolbos, Golden Sunshinebush

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 2 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3

Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo 2.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? [Uludwe Olubomvu: IAulax umbellata sisihlahla IAulax umbellata ityelelwa Intyatyambo yobukhomokazi ILeucadendron laureolum sisihlahla ILeucadendron laureolum idluliselwa Ayixhalatyelwanga] September ukuya ku esinesiqu ukusa kwi-2.5 m ubude. zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo ithandwa intsha okanye yomiswe. June ukuya ku August esikhulu esiphantse sibe ziimitha ipholeni zizinambuzane. Imbewu February Sinamagqabi agobileyo. Siphakame yokudluliselwa kwepoleni ezimbini. Isihlahla sobuduna ihlala kwi-cones de kufike umlilo Leucadendron laureolum ayikho Sivelisa kwimbewu, nge-110 mm ubude ne-15 mm eqhelekileyo). Xa intyatyambo Intyatyambo yobuduna ikhawuleza sironti. Isihlahla sobukhomokazi olandelayo, ize ikhuluwe. sichengeni. isasazwe zizinambuzane Sivelisa kwimbewu, yobukhomokazi ivuthwa ivunwe ibe isoloko ivunwa ububanzi. kwaye iyantshula kwakhona sincinane yaye sinamasebe isasazwe zizinambuzane iyatshintsha, imile okomthi njengentyatyambo. ambalwa. Amagqabi afika kwi- Ifunyanwa phi? Zikhangeleka njani yaye ibamba imbewu iminyaka 95 mm ubude sibe-20 mm Ikhula kwiNcam YeKapa ukusaka iintyatyambo? Ulondolozo KwiNcam YeKapa ukuya E-Kogelberg ukuya eStill ngaphambi kokuba iyikhulule. [Uludwe Olubomvu: Phantse ePotberg ukuya kutsho ububanzi. Iibracts zinde kancinane ePotberg ukusa kwiiNtaba Bay ePaarl kunamagqabi. Ubuduna nobukhomokazi Ifunyanwa phi? Kuba Sesichengeni] zasePere. bukhula kwizityalo ezahlukileyo. Zikhangeleka njani Sithengiswa sisitsha Xa isityalo sikwintyatyambo, Ikhula kwindawo ehamba amanzi IAulax umbellata ibekwe njenge Sithengiswa sisitsha okanye Isetyenziswa Njani? okanye somisiwe phantse ukuba semngciphekweni somisiwe iintyatyambo? igqabi litshintsha umbala ube kakuhle, kwindawo engaselwandle Usetyenziswa xa intsha naxa pepuli bubrawuni. Intyatyambo kumhlaba osuka eKogelberg ukusa yiSANBI KwiRed List of South Iicones ezinde zibe ngama-40 mm Sesichengeni kancinci African Plants. Isemngciphekweni Asikho sichengeni yomisiwe. Enye yezona yobukhomokazi ithambile, iyelo eStill Bay. ubude nama-30 mm ububanzi. zithengiswayo ibizwa ngokuthi bukhrim. Idubula ngoSeptemba ngenxa yezityalo zamanye amazwe, Imbewu ihlala de itshiswe. Fumaneka ndawo yonke ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nezinye Fumaneka ndawo yonke ‘Chameleon’ nebizwa ngokuthi ukusa kuFebruwari. Intyatyambo zinuka okweziqhamo. ‘Safari Sunset’. izinto ezehlela iProtea nokuvunwa Zityatyamba ngoJuni ukusa Xhaphakile Khula kwindawo encinane kwesidiliya neendawo zeedolophu. kuAgasti. Leucadendron coniferum Leucadendron linifolium Leucadendron coniferum Leucadendron linifolium Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Leucadendron – iConebushes Leucadendron – iConebushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: coniferum – ithetha ‘ukuvelisa icones’ linifolium – ithetha ‘ifana neflax’

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Duinegeelbos, Geelbos, Dune Conebush Line-leaf Conebush

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 5 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 4

4 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo [Uludwe Olubomvu: ILeucadendron coniferum sisihlahla Kufunyaniswe ukuba iLeucadendron Isetyenziswa ukugcwalisa ILeucadendron linifolium sisihlahla ILeucadendron linifolium idlulisela August, September September, October Isesichengeni] esime nkqo esinesiqu esinye. coniferum ifumana ipoleni isithungu sentyatyambo. esinesiqu esinye. Esikhula iimitha ipoleni zizinambuzane. Imbewu Sikhula sibe ziimitha ezine. ngomoya. Imbewu igcinwa de ezimbini ubude. Sincinane, sithe ihlala kwi-cones de kufike umlilo ILeucadendron linifolium ibhaliswe Sivelisa kwimbewu, Sivelisa kwimbewu, Sinamagqabi agobileyo natsolo. icones zifumane imililo. Ulondolozo tyaba, sijijekile amagqabi nge-5-30 olandelayo, ize ikhuluwe. njengesisichengeni ngenxa yokuba isasazwe ngumoya isasazwe zizinambuzane Sinamagqabi ayi-80 mm ubude [Uludwe Olubomvu: mm ubude ne-1-3 mm ububanzi. isendaweni emanzi kunokuba nayi-9 mm ububanzi. Ifunyanwa phi? Isichengeni] Ifunyanwa phi? ingakhula. Ikwasesichengeni E-Augulhas Plain, kwindawo KwiNcam YeKapa nakwi Zikhangeleka njani Ikhula kwisanti yemvelo yefynbos ILeucadendron coniferum ngenxa yezityalo zamanye amazwe, eziselunxwemeni lwe Zikhangeleka njani Overberg iintyatyambo? Ifunyanwe kwiindawo ezimanzi Isesichengeni ngenxa yemithi ukuphela kwendawo nokuvunwa KwiNcam YeKapa kunye ne iintyatyambo? enezityalo ezityebileyo zeqela kwiNcam YeKapa nakwiOverberg. leProtea. Ikhula kwiAgulhas yamanye amazwe, ukudilizwa Intyatyambo yobuduna ikhula kakhulu. Betty’s Bay Sithengiswa sisitsha Isetyenziswa Njani? Iicones ziba bomvu xa zindala Plain, kwindawo ezikunxweme kwamahlathi, ukulahleka okanye yomisiwe kade kwisiqu sinamagqabi Sithengiswa sisitsha kamva zibe luhlaza. Zihlala lweNcam yeKapa kufuphi kwendawo, ungcoliso nokuvuna ambalwa. Intyatyambo Isetyenziswa xa intsha naxa kwizihlahla. Iibracts ziba yelo. neBetty’s Bay. okungazinzanga kwezinye Sesichengeni yobukhomokazi ibonakala yomisiwe. Siseschengeni Izityalo zityatyamba ngoAgasti iindawo. kumagqabi angqongwe yikhola noSeptemba. Fumaneka ndawo yonke yebract. Ityatyamba ngoSeptemba Fumaneka ndawo yonke ukusa kuOktobha. Khula kwindawo Khula kwindawo encinane 24 25 Leucadendron meridianum Leucadendron platyspermum Leucadendron meridianum Leucadendron platyspermum Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Leucadendron – iConebushes Leucadendron – iConebushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: meridianum – lithetha ‘emini emaqanda’ platyspermum – ethetha ‘imbewu yepleyiti’

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Geelbos, Limestone Conebush Platy, Platy Star, Tol, Tolle, Plate-seed Conebush

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 7 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 7

Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? ububanzi. Zityatyamba ukususela Isetyenziswa Njani? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 1.7 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? ngoSeptemba. ILeucadendron meridianum sisihlahla ILeucadendron meridianum ityelelwa Isetyanziswa xa zintsha naxa ILeucadendron platyspermum Iluhlaza, ayikavuthwa ithunyelwa July kunye no August esinesiqu esinye. Ikhula ibe zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo zomisiwe. September sisihlahla esime nkqo nesinesiqu Ivelisa njani ezinye? ngeKhrismesi yaseYurophu ziimitha ezimbini. Amagqabi yokudluliselwa kwepoleni esinye. Ikhula ibe yi-1.7 yeemitha kwiimarike. Xa ivuthiwe ibrawuni, Sivelisa kwimbewu, Sivelisa kwimbewu, aba-40 mm ubude ibe yi-7 mm eqhelekileyo). Imbewu ithe tyaba, Ulondolozo ubude. ILeucadendron platyspermum iicones ziyavunwa ukuze zomiswe. isasazwe zizinambuzane isasazwe zizinambuzane ububanzi. Zijijekile zize zibe inamaphiko igcinwe ngaphakathi [Uludwe Olubomvu: idluliselwa ipoleni zizinambuzane. mfutshane, iinwele eziyisilivere kwiicones iminyaka emva kokuba Ayixhalatyelwanga] Amagqabi esityalo sobuduna Imbewu ihlala kwicones de Ulondolozo E-Guaritz River Mouth E-Kleinmond ukuya aqaqambile buyelo. Amagqabi kudlule umlilo zize zikhululwe. [Uludwe Olubomvu: nezibopheneyo kunye nencam ityatyambile. ILeucadendron meridianum ibhaliswe eVillerdeorp nase ukuya eAugulhas Plain etsolo nebomvu ngokombala. esityalo esisobukhomokazi Isichengeni] Ifunyanwa phi? njengekho sichengeni yiSANBI Agulhas Plain aqaqambile buhlaza. Amagqabi Ifunyanwa phi? Red List of South African Plants. ILeucadendron platyspermum Zikhangeleka njani akhula abe-70 mm ubude ne-13 Sithengiswa sisitsha Noko ke, kusekho ukuxhalaba Sithengiswa sisitsha okanye Ifunyanwa ukusuka eKleinmond ibhaliswe ‘njengexhalabisayo’. iintyatyambo? Isikelwe umda (inemida) ekubeni mm ububanzi. okanye yomisiwe yiLimestone fynbos. Ikhula ibe ngokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yomisiwe ukusa eVilliersdorp entshona, Ilinywe ngomlinganiselo Iibrackts ziqaqambile ngoyelo ngamaqela amakhulu ukusa ekuyo. Zikhangeleka njani naseAgulhas Plain emazantsi. omkhulu ukuze ibe kwidlelo Asikho sichengene futhi iicones zigqunywe kumlambo iGouritz ukusa Sesichengeni iintyatyambo? Ikhula kwisanti nasemhlabeni. lemvelo kuMazantsi eOverberg ngeenwele eziyisilivere ezincinane. kwiAgulhas Plain. naseAgulhas Plain. Oku Asifumaneki kuyo yonke Asufumaneki kuyo yonke Zityatyamba ngoJulayi ukuya Xa icone zibrowuni kakhulu kuchaphazela ukwahlukana indawo indawo kuAgasti. zivuthiwe kwaye zinkulu: ukusa kwemvelo kwifynbos. kwi-50 mm ubude ne-40 mm Khula kwindawi encinane Khula kwindawo encinci

Leucadendron muirrii Leucadendron rubrum Leucadendron muirii Leucadendron rubrum Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Leucadendron – iConebushes Leucadendron – iConebushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: muirii rubrum – ithetha ‘bomvu’

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Kruiphout, Silver-ball Conebush Spinning Top

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 7 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: Not listed

2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 2.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Intyatyambo zobukhomokazi kumphakamo osuka kwi250 ukusa ziyilwa yicone ene-40 mm ubude. kwi-1500 yeemitha ngaphezu ILeucadendron muirii sisihlahla ILeucadendron muirii idluliselwa Isetyenziswa xa zomile. ILeucadendron rubrum isihlahla November, December August, September Ibracts ziyila icone engumxube kolwandle. esinesiqu esinye namasebe ipoleni ngomoya. Imbewu ihlala sime nkqo isiqu sikhula sifike weyelo, uluhlaza, luhlaza njenge ambalwa. Sikhula sibe ziimitha kwicones de kube semva komlilo Ulondolozo kwiimitha eziyi-2.5 ubude. Isetyenziswa Njani? Sivelisa kwimbewu, [Uludwe Olubomvu: Sivelisa kwimbewu, sibhakabhaka, nobubomvu. Istigma isasazwe ngumoya ezimbini ubude. zize zikhululeke. Isityalo sobuduna sifukufuku sibe Ayixhalatyelwanga] isasazwe ngumoya ziyelo (inxalenye yobukhomokazi) Iicones zisetyenziswa xa zomile. namagqabi amancinane kune eziphuma kwicone kwituft. E-Bredasdorp kunye ne Amagqabi made, anomtsalane Ifunyanwa phi? sityalo sobukhomokazi. Amagqabi Leucadendron muirii ayikho Kwi Cape Floristic Region Izityalo zityatyamba ngoAgasti Ulondolozo Agulhas Plain ukuya eStill yaye makhulu kwaye anencam Ikhula kumhlaba welimestone sichengeni. agqunywe buboya obuyisilivere nangoSeptemba. [Uludwe Olubomvu: Bay esisanqa. Amagqabi amancinane obuthambileyo nobuncinane. afana nenaliti. Kodwa amagqabi osuka eBredasdorp ukusa Sithengiswa yomisiwe Ayixhalatyelwanga] eAgulhas Plain ukuya eStill Bay. Amagqabi amakhulu aphelelwa Ivelisa njani ezinye? Sithengiswa sisitsha okanye amakhulu akhula abe yi-40 mm buboya buze bube greyi nasilivere. Izityalo zibhaliswe yomisiwe ubude ne-13 mm ububanzi. Asikho sichengeni ILeucadendron rubrum ipoleni njengezingaxhalatyelwanga Zikhangeleka njani idluliselwa ngumoya. Imbewu yiSANBI Red List of South Sesichengeni kancinci Zikhangeleka njani iintyatyambo? igcinwa de kudlule umlilo. iintyatyambo? African Plants. Nakuba kunjalo zixhalatyiswa zizityalo Iintloko zentyatyambo zincinane Ifunyanwa phi? Asifumaneki kuyo yonke Ityatyambo ziba brawuni nendawo eziyingqongileyo, kwaye indawo kakhulu (malunga ne-11 mm eluhlaza embindini. Inuka ingathi ubude) ziqaqambile buyelo. Ikhula kumathambeka kuyo yonke kucityiswa ukuba zifuna Khula kwindawo encinane yiyisti ibe xazityatyamba kuba iCape Floristic Region ukubekwa esweni. ngoNovemba nangoDisemba. 26 27

Leucadendron salicifolium cordifolium Leucospermum

Usapho:Leucadendron salicifolium Leucospermum cordifolium Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Leucadendron – iConebushes Iqela: Leucadendron – the Pincushions Uhlobo: salicifolium – ethetha ‘amagqabi afana newillow’ Uhlobo: cordifolium Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Geelbos, Strictum, Common Stream Conebush Igama Eliqhelekileyo: (Phawula: “ILeucadendron strictum” inegama elidala elithi Leucadendron salicifolium. Khangela Luise, Luisies, Speldekussing, Pincushion iLeucospermum truncatulum ukuze ubone imisnomer efanayo xa kusikwa intyatyambo.) Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 4 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 5

Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo zityatyamba ngoAgasti ukusa Isetyenziswa Njani? 3 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 1.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? [Uludwe Olubomvu: ngoJanuwari. ILeucadendron salicifolium sisihlahla Leucadendron salicifolium zidluliselwa Ayixhalatyelwanga] August ukuya ku January ILeucospermum cordifolium irhangqwe Zivunwa zintsha kuphela July ukuya ku September esime nkqo nesinesiqu esikhula sibe ipolen ngomoya. Imbewu sisihlahla esinesiqu esinye Ivelisa njani ezinye? kwimarike. ziimitha ezintathu ubude. ikhutshwa kwicones de zibulawe ILeucadendron salicifolium ayikho Sivelisa kwimbewu, sinezihlahla ezime nkqo (sinamasebe Sivelisa kwimbewu, ngumlilo. sichengeni, kodwa indawo ekhula isasazwe zintaka ame nkqo ukusa kwisiqu). Sikhula ILeucospermum cordifolium zidluliselwa Ulondolozo isasazwe namgumoya Amagqabi akanaboya, amilisise kuyo, oko kukuthi ngasemlanjeni sibe ziimitha eziyi-1.5 ubude. ipholeni ziintaka iSugarbird [Uludwe Olubomvu: Phantse okwe rhengqe. Iba yi-60mm ubude Ifunyanwa phi? kwiindawo ezingumgxobhozo, E-Kogelberg, eGroenlandberge, Amagqabi akhula abe-80 mm neSunbird. Imbewu iphuma emva Kuba Sesichengeni] mm ize ibe yi-5mm ububanzi. eHouwhoek, eCaledon kwenyanga okanye ezimbini emva Olifantsriver ukuya ichatshazelwa sisenzo esingekho ubude ne-20 ububanzi. Amagqabi Ezi zityalo zibhaliswe Isityalo siba luhlaza. Ikhula ngaselunxwemeni kokutyatyamba. kwintaba ze Langeberg e nakwiindawo ezimanzi ukusuka mthethweni sezolimo njengokulima. Swartberg, eKleinrivierberg, anoboya ibe xa zindala ziba njengeziphantse Kuba eRiversdale Zikhangeleka njani eOlifants River ukusa kwiiNtaba e-Akkedisberg nakwintaba ze mpuluswa. Ifunyanwa phi? Sesichengeni’ kwi-SANBI Red Bredasdorp List of South African Plants, iintyatyambo? zaseLangeberg kwiRiversdale. Zikhangeleka njani Sithengiswa sisitsha Ikhula ngokwemvelo ematyeni, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yindawo Sithengiswa sisitsha iintyatyambo? okanye yomisiwe Icones zikhula zibe yi-35 mm Isetyenziswa Njani? iba kumhlaba wesanti yokutya, ngaphezu kokuvunwa ubude ne-25 mm ububanzi, Sesichengeni kancinci Intyatyambo yepincushion njengaseKogelberg, eGroenlandberge, nokudityaniswa nezinye. Asikho sichengeni zinebracts eziqaqambileyo buyelo. Isetyenziswa xa zintsha naxa eHouwhoek, eCaledon Swartberg, zomisiwe. inentloko ezifikelela kwiengile Iicones zigcinwa iminyaka embalwa. Fumaneka ndawo yonke yesiqu. Zikhula zibe yi-70 mm eKleinrivierberge, eAkkedisberg Izityalo zityatyamba ngoJulayi ukusa ububanzi zibe nombala o-orenji nakwintaba zeBredasdorp, ngoSeptemba. Khula kwindawo nakwiindawo ezithe tyaba encinane ukusa kobomvu, ngamanye amaxesha zibe yelo. Izityalo ezingqonge iSoetanysberg. Leucadendron xanthoconus truncatulum Leucospermum

Usapho:Leucadendron xanthoconus Usapho:Leucospermum truncatulum Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Leucadendron – iConebushes Leucospermum – iPincushions

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: xanthoconus – ethetha ‘icone eyelo’ truncatulum Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Buxi, Buxifolium, Oval-leaf Pincushion Blinkblaartolbos, Sickle-leaf Conebush (Phawula: Esi sityalo sinika ngqo (isityalo) igama elithi “truncatulum” nguSalisbury (Phawula: esi sityalo sibiza kakuhle ngokuthi “Salignum”. ILeucadendron xanthoconus ngo-1809 - nelithi “buxifolium” nguBrown ngo-1810. Ngoko igama elithi nangokuthi Leucadendron salignum singabhidiswa kodwa neLeucadendron xanthoconus “truncatulum” lichanile, nakuba abanezitiya abaninzi abavunayo nabakhulisa izityalo siyireseeder neLeucadendron salignum siyadubula.) zasendle beqhubeka beyibhidanisa negama elithi “buxifolium”.) Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 2 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 6

2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Zityatyamba kuAgasti ukusa nezisemazantsi namathambeka kuDisemba. asempuma. ILeucadendron xanthoconus Leucadendron xanthoconus zidluliselwa Zisikwa iintyatyamba zintsha ILeucospermum truncatulum August August kuya ku isityalo sisihlahla esishinyeneyo. ipolen zizinambuzane. Imbewu ukuzalisa (okanye ‘njengohlaza’) sisihlahla esincinane nesiqu esinye Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? Sinesiqu esinye ibe sikhula zigcinwa kwicone de kufike umlilo, kwisithungu seentyatyambo. December esinamagqabi ambalwa. Sikhula sibe Sivelisa kwimbewu, sibe ziimitha ezimbini ubude. apho zikhululwa khona. Isiqu sobukhomokazi sesona ziimitha ezimbini. Siba sisangqa ILeucospermum truncatulum ityelelwa Isetyenziswa xa isentsha okanye isasazwe zizinambuzane Sivelisa kwimbewu, Sikhula ngokukhawuleza. Siba sithandwayo siyomiswa ngaphambi samagqabi ayi-10-25 mm ubude zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo yomile. ligqabi elijikileyo. Singamagqabi Ifunyanwa phi? kokuthunyelwa kwimarike. isasazwe zizinambuzane ne-5-10 mm ububanzi. Amagqabi yokudluliselwa kwepoleni KwiNcam YeKapa ukuya Ulondolozo amancinane anenwele eziyisilivere. awelela kwisiqu. eqhelekileyo) nembewu ekhululwa ePotberg Ikhula kwiNcam YeKapa ukusa Ulondolozo Kogelberg ukuya e-Agulhas kwinyanga enye ukuya kwezimbi [Uludwe Olubomvu: Phantse Zikhangeleka njani ePotberg. Isoloko ikhula ngamaqela [Uludwe Olubomvu: Zikhangeleka njani emva kokutyatyamba. Kuba Sesichengeni] amakhulu. Sithengiswa sisitsha iintyatyambo? Ayixhalatyelwanga] Sithengiswa sisitsha iintyatyambo? ILeucospermum truncatulum iphantsi okanye yomisiwe okanye yomisiwe Ifunyanwa phi? Iicones zobuduna nobukhomokazi Amagqabi ayelo xa emancinane kokuba sesichengeni, inokuba Ikhula kwiOverberg yonke ize kukulahleka kwendawo, nokuba Asikho sichengeni zahlukene kwizityalo zikhangeleka Sisesicheneni kancinci atshintshe abe bomvu krwe xa zahlukile. Iibracts kwintloko emadala. Intyatyambo ezincinane ibe nkulu. Ifumaneka ukusuka phakathi kwezityalo ezininzi kwiKogelberg ukusa eAgulhas zamanye amazwe nolimo. Fumaneka ndawo yonke yentyatyambo ziyelo. Zityatyamba Fumaneka ndawo yonke zisisangqa ize ibe yi-15-20 mm ngoAgasti. iyonke. Intloko zentyatyambo kumathambeka ayi-400 yeemitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Xhaphakile zikhula ngokwamaqela amabini ukuya kwasibhozo. ibe azinasisiqu Ithanda iindawo ezipholileyo sibonakalayo. 28 29 Mimetes cucullatus Protea cynaroides Mimetes cucullatus Protea cynaroides Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Mimetes – the Pagodas Protea – iSugarbushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: cucullatus – ethetha ‘imile ingathi ngumnqwazi’ cynaroides – ‘lithetha i-artichoke’

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Common Pagoda Koningsprotea, King Protea

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 2 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 4

ikakhulukazi ukuqala ngo-August Ulondolozo Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? ukuya ku-March. [Uludwe Olubomvu: IMimetes cucullatus sisihlahla Ayixhalatyelwanga] IProtea cynaroides inezihlahla IProtea cynaroides adluliselwa ipoleni IProtea cynaroides yintyatyambo August ukuya ku March esinamasebe amaninzi. Sikhula Ivelisa njani ezinye? Nyaka wonke inamasebe amaninzi. Inezihlahla ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. yesizwe saseMzantsi Afrika. sibe ziimitha ezimbini phantsi IMimetes cucullatus azizozityalo ezimalunga nemitha ubude, kodwa Imbewu igcinwa kwintloko Ibalulekile ukuba sivunwe sisitsha Sivelisa kwimbewu, izityalo ezifikelela kwi-50 cm. Mimetes cucullatus adluliselwa ipoleni zixhalatyelweyo. Sivelisa kwimbewu, zikhula zibe zimitha ezimbini. yentyatyambo de kufike umlilo nokuze sikhule ehlabathini lonke. isasazwe zintaka Amagqabi asisangqa ayi-25-55 ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. isasazwe zintaka ozayo. Isityalo sidubula ukusuka mm ubude. Amile kwinkqubo Isityalo sidubula emva komlilo. Zikhangeleka njani kwisiqu emva komlilo. Ulondolozo iintyatyambo? [Uludwe Olubomvu: E-Kogelberg nakumazantsi yesiqu (ngokungathi sisipili). Ifunyanwa phi? Kwi Cape Floristic e-Agulhas Plain, nakwiintaba Region: eCederberg ukuya Ifunyanwa phi? Ayixhalatyelwanga] Zikhangeleka njani Intloko yentyatyambo iba nkulu ze Kouga ngasempuma Ikhula kwiCederberg eGrahamstown Protea cynaroides ayikho iintyatyambo? ize imile okwentloko yesitya ize Ikhula kwiCape Floristic Region ngasentshona, ukusa iKogelberg ikhule ibe yi-30 cm ububanzi. ukusuka kwiCederberg kwintshona sichengeni. naseAgulhas Plain emazantsi, Sithengiswa sisitsha Iintloko zentyatyambo zikhula Sithengiswa sisitsha Amagqabi aba piki ukusa ukuya eRhini kwiMpuma Kapa.. nakwiiNtaba zeKouga zifikelele kwi-milimita ezilikhulu kwicrimson. Izityalo zityatyamba Ikhula kumlinganiselo wobude Asikho sichengeni ubude. ziba nentloko ebomvu ngasempuma. Asikho sichengeni kunyaka wonke kuxhomekeka ngaphezulu kolwandle oziimitha kunye namagqabi amancinci kwindawo. eziyi-1,500. Ngenxa yokukhula Fumaneka ndawo yonke Isetyenziswa Njani? Fumaneka ndawo yonke amhlophe ajingayo abude okwahlukeneyo kwemozulu, iProtea bungange 10-15mm. Esi sityalo Isetyenziswa xa zintsha cynaroides amagqabi neentyatyamba Xhaphakile Khula kwindawo sidubula nyaka wonke, kodwa iintyatyambo. ziyohluka ngobukhulu nebala. encinane

Protea compacta Protea eximia Protea compacta Protea eximia Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Protea – iSugarbushes Protea – iSugarbushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: compacta – ethatha ‘isangqa esidibeneyo’ eximia – ethetha ‘phambili’ okanye ‘khethekileyo’

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Bot River Sugarbush Broad-leaf Sugarbush

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 7 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: Not listed

3.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo 3 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Iibract zangaphandle zimfutshane Ifunyanwa phi? [Uludwe Olubomvu: Phantse ze zibemhlophe ngebala. Ibract IProtea compacta sisihlahla esinesiqu IProtea compacta idluliselwa ipoleni IProtea eximia sisihlahla esikhulu Ikhula ngomlinganiselo wobude April kuya ku September Kuba Sesichengeni] July ukuya ku December engaphakathi inde ize ibe nombala esinye namasebe. Sikhula sibe ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. esinesiqu esinye nesinamasebe ongqindilili opinki. Incam ngaphezulu kolwandle oyi- Sivelisa kwimbewu, isasazwe ziimitha eziyi-3.5 ubude. Imbewu igcinwa kwintloko Ngamanye amathuba, idlelo ambalwa. Ikhula ibe ziimitha 200-1,600 yeemitha. Ukusuka Sivelisa kwimbewu, yeflorets zentyatyambo kumbindi zintaka Amagqabi afana nentliziyo ezantsi. yentyatyambo de kufike omnye lishinyeneyo kwiProtea compacta ezintlanu ubude nemitha ezintathu eWorcester, ukuhamba isasazwe zintaka zinombala opinki kwaye zinoboya Ajika ajonge phezulu ngakwisiqu. umlilo. ibonakala ilinywa kakhulu ububanzi. Amagqabi aba pepuli ngeStadensberg, ukuya kufika Kunxweme olusemazantsi okhangeleka ngathi yivelvet. kuhlaziyo lwefynbos lwasendle. buhlaza aze agqunywe ngumgubo eBhayi. eKapa kufuphi neKleinmond, E-Worcester, ukuhamba Isityalo sityatyamba ngoJulayi Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? Oku akukho mthethweni omhlophe owosulelayo xa ususiwe. eHouwhoek, eHermanus, ngeStadensberg, ukuya ukusa kuDisemba kodwa ikakhulu iintyatyambo? kuba kutshatyalaliswa imveliso Amagqabi afana nesikhumba. Isetyenziswa Njani? e-Elim, eNapier, eBredasdorp Ikhula ngasemazantsi-ntshona kufika eBhayi ngoAgasti noOktobha. nase Struisbaai Umbala wentyatyambo uyajika kunxweme laseKapa kufuphi yemvelo yefynbos. Ikwabhalwe Amalunga ne-60-100 mm ubude Zithandwa zintsha. njengePhantse Kuba Sesichengeni ne-30-65 mm ububanzi. Ivelisa njani ezinye? ube pinki kakhulu ukusa neKleinmond, eHouwhoek, Sithengiswa sisitsha Sithengiswa sisitsha okanye kubumhlophe. Isityalo sityatyamba eHermanus, eElim, eNapier, kuLudwe Olubomvu ngenxa Ulondolozo yomisiwe yokulahlekelwa yindawo, Zikhangeleka njani IProtea eximia adluliselwa ipoleni [Uludwe Olubomvu: ukusuka ngoAprili ukusa eBredasdorp naseStruisbaai. Asikho sichengeni iintyatyambo? ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. kuSeptemba. nangenxa yezityalo zamanye Ayixhalatyelwanga] Sisesicheneni kancinci Isetyenziswa Njani? amazwe nehybridisation. Imbewu igcinwa de kufike umlilo Intloko yentyatyambo iyi-100-140 olandelayo. Esi sityalo asikho sichengeni. Fumaneka ndawo yonke Ithandwa xa intsha naxa yomisiwe. mm ubude ukusa kwi-120 mm Ngoko ivunwa kakhulu. ububanzi. Ibract igutyungelwe Khula kwindawo encinane buboya obuncinane ngaphandle.

30 31 Protea longifolia Protea obtusifolia Protea longifolia Protea obtusifolia Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Protea – iSugarbushes Protea – iSugarbushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: longifolia – ithetha ‘amagqabi amade’ obtusifolia – ethetha ‘amagqabi asisangqa ekugqibeleni’ Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Swartbaard, Long-leaf Sugarbush Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Limestone Sugarbush Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 7

Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 1.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 2-3 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? [Uludwe Olubomvu: IProtea longifolia ikhula ibe yi-1.5 IProtea longifolia adluliselwa ipoleni Isesichengeni] IProtea obtusifolia sisihlahla esime Protea obtusifolia adluliselwa ipoleni Isetyenziswa xa isentsha. May ukuya ku September ubude. Amagqabi ayajika ajonge ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. April ukuya ku September nkqo esinesiqu esinye namasebe. ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. phezulu. Abe yi-90-200 mm Imbewu igcinwa de kufike omnye IProtea longifolia isesichengeni Sikhula sibe ziimitha ezimbini Imbewu igcinwa kwintloko Ulondolozo Sivelisa kwimbewu, Sivelisa kwimbewu, ubude ne-5-17 mm ububanzi. umlilo. ngenxa yendawo, ukuvunwa ukusa kwezintathu. Sitsobhile, yentyatyambo de kufike umlilo [Uludwe Olubomvu: Phantse isasazwe zintaka isasazwe zintaka kakhulu ngaphambili, izityalo sibusangqa. Siyi-100-150 mm olandelayo. Kuba Sesichengeni] Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? zamanye amazwe nokulinywa ubude kunye ne-20-40 mm Esi sityalo sisesichengeni E-Hottentots Holland- iintyatyambo? E-Stanford ukuya kwi Cape Ifunyanwa phi? Ikhula kwisanti eneasidi yefynbos kweProtea. Agulhas, eStill Bay ukuya ububanzi. yemisebenzi, kuquka ukuvunwa nakwiiNtaba zeDu enesityalo esisuka kwiqela okugqithiseleyo kunye nokuba Intloko yentyatyambo iluhlaza, emlonyeni weGouritz River Zikhangeleka njani Ikhula kunxweme lwe-Limestone Toitskloof, nase Agulhas leProtea. Ikhula kwiHottentots ngaphaya kwe20% yendawo ipinki okanye ibe mhlophe. iintyatyambo? kwifynbos uksuuka eStanford Plain emazantsi Intyatyambo iphakathi kwe- Holland- nakwiiNtaba zeDu Sithengiswa sisitsha ukusa kwiCape Agulhas, eStill yayo ekuyiLimestone fynbos 80-160 mm ubude ize ibe40- Toitskloof, naseAgulhas Plain Iintyatyambo zipinki eshayinayo. Bay ukusa emlonyeni weGouritz isesichengeni ngenxa yezityalo Sithengiswa sisitsha 90 mm ububanzi. Zinencam emazantsi. Seisichengeni kancninci Zinencam yebracts embindini River. zamanye amazwe nolimo. eyiwuli esembindini, itsobhileyo, kwintyatyambo zipinki. Izityalo Asifumaneki kwindawo Seisichengeni nemnyama. Isityalo sityatyamba Isetyenziswa Njani? zityatyamba ngoAprili ukusa yonke ngoMeyi ukusa kuSeptemba kuSeptemba, kodwa kakhulu Fumaneka ndawo yonke Ithandwa xa isentsha. kodwa ubukhulu becala ngoJuni Khula kwindawo encinane ngoJuni nangoJulayi. nangoJulayi. Xhaphakile Protea neriifolia Protea repens Protea neriifolia Protea repens Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Protea – iSugarbushes Protea – iSugarbushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: neriifolia – ethetha ‘amagqabi afana ne-oleander’ repens

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Narrow-leaf Sugarbush Suikerkan, Common Sugarbush

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3

3-5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 2.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? IProtea neriifolia sisihlahla esikhulu IProtea neriifolia idluliselwa ipoleni Inokusetyenziswa xa intsha. IProtea repens sisihlahla esithe nkqo IProtea repens adluliselwa ipoleni Ngaphambili, abantu babeqokelela February ukuya ku Nyaka wonke enesiqu esinye. Ikhula phakathi ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. nesinesiqu esinye. ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. inektha okanye incindi bayibilise November kweemitha ezintathu nezintlanu Imbewu igcinwa kude kufike Ulondolozo Imbewu igcinwa kwintloko benze ngayo isiraphu yeswekile. Sivelisa kwimbewu, ubude. omnye umlilo. [Uludwe Olubomvu: Zikhangeleka njani yentyatyambo ibe ikhululwa Oku koko kubizwa ngokuthi Sivelisa kwimbewu, isasazwe zintaka Ayixhalatyelwanga] iintyatyambo? kuphela emva kokuba ibulewe “Sugarbush”. Abantu basebenzisa isasazwe zintaka Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? ngumlilo. isiraphu ukwenza amayeza Esi sityalo asikho sesichengeni. KuMzantsi-ntshona Intyatyambo imile ngokwecone. iintyatyambo? okukhohlela. Namhlanje, iProtea E-Kapa ukuya eBhayi Ikhula kumhlaba isandstone weKapa ukuya kwiMpuma Ibracts engaphandle itsolo. Ibala Ifunyanwa phi? Intyatyambo iba nombala opinki kwiintaba ezisemazantsi layo livela linombala omhlophe, repens isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko yeRhini eMpuma Kapa xa yomisiwe. Sithengiswa sisitsha ukusa koluhlaza. Kwincam konxweme phakathi opinki okanye obomvu. Isityalo Ikhula kwiFynbos Biome, evela yentyatyambo imnyama, ibe kweKapa neBhayi. Ifumaneka Sithengiswa yomisiwe sityatyamba xa kusina. Sivela xa kumzantsi-ntshona weKapa ukusa Ulondolozo Asikho sichengeni newuli embindini. Isityalo kumlinganiselo wolwandle kusebusika entshona, nasehlotyeni kwimpuma yeRhini eMpuma [Uludwe Olubomvu: sityatyamba ngoFebruwari ukusa ofikelela kwi-1300m, nakuba Asikho sichengeni empuma. Iintyatyambo Kapa. Ayixhalatyelwanga] Fumaneka ndawo yonke ngoNovemba. inokukhula ngokwemvelo kwi- zifumaneka unyaka wonke. Agulhas Plain. Fumaneka ndawo yonke IProtea repens iqhelekile ibe Xhaphakile ikhangeleka ingekho buthathaka. Xhaphakile

32 33 Protea scolymocephala Protea sulphurea Protea scolymocephala Protea sulphurea Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Protea – iSugarbushes Protea – iSugarbushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: scolymocephala – ethetha ‘intloko yentyatyambo sulphurea – ethetha ‘yelo’ iana nethistle’ Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Skaamroos, Sulphur Sugarbush Skollie, Scoly, Thistle Sugarbush Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: Ayibekwanga Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: Ayibekwanga

yobuhlaza. Isityalo sityatyamba YeKapa ukuya kwiOverberg Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 1.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 50 cm Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? ngoJulayi ukusa kuNovemba, naseHermanus. IProtea scolymocephala isihlahla IProtea sulphurea iphantsi IProtea sulphurea idluliselwa ipoleni Ivunwa xa intsha ize yomiswe July ukuya ku November kodwa kakhulu ngoAgasti April ukuya ku August esisangqa ikhula phezulu ukuya noSeptemba. Isetyenziswa Njani? kwaye ishinyene njengesihlahla zizilwanyana ezincinane ezifana iintyatyambo. kwimitha ye-1.5 ubude. Amagqabi esinamasebe amaninzi ukusuka neempuku. Ezi zitsalwa livumba Sivelisa kwimbewu, akhula abemade abhitye – ukusa Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa xa intsha naxa Sivelisa kwimbewu, kwisiqu. Ikhula ukusa kubude leyisti nenektha kwintloko Ulondolozo isasazwe zizinambuzane kwi-150 mm ubude ne-15 mm yomisiwe. isasazwe zizilwanyana obuyi-50 cm ubude. Amagqabi yentyatyambo. Imbewu igcinwa [Uludwe Olubomvu: ububanzi. IProtea scolymocephala ityelelwa ezincinane (iimpuku) agreyi naluhlaza imile okweqanda kwintloko yentyatyambo Ayixhalatyelwanga] zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo Ulondolozo Kumlambo i-Olifant ibe inencam etsolo. kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi IProtea sulphurea ayixhalatyelwanga. Zikhangeleka njani yokudluliselwa kwepoleni [Uludwe Olubomvu: ukuya kwiNcam ye Kapa Isesichengeni] Kwintaba ze Hex River kokuba ikhululwe. ukugudla i-Overberg ukuya iintyatyambo? eqhelekileyo). Imbewu igcinwa ukuya kwi Swartberg ne Zikhangeleka njani kwintloko yentyatyambo ize iintyatyambo? Ifunyanwa phi? kutsho eHermanus Ekuqaleni, ibracts ifunyaniswa IProtea scolymocephala isesichengeni. Waboomsberg ikhululwe emva kokuba isityalo Isichenge siquka izityalo inentyatyambo ezifana nebhola. siye sabulawa ngumlilo. Intyatyambo imile okwekomityi Ikhula kwiiNtaba zeHex Sithengiswa somisiwe Ize ivuleke ukuze kudluliselwe zamanye amazwe ukuphuhliswa Sithengiswa sisitsha iyajingela ezantsi. Inombala oyelo River ukuya kwiSwartberg kwezixeko, ukulima nokuvuna okanye sisitsha ipoleni. Iibracts zisongwa zibe Ifunyanwa phi? okanye somisiwe nopepuli kwibracts yaye inuka neWaboomsberg, ngomlinganiselo sicaba ngokweqela lentyatyambo okungazinzanga. “iyisti”. Isityalo sityatyamba wobude ngaphezulu kolwandle Sesichengeni embindini. Umgca ongaphandle Ikhula kwindawo enesanti ukuze Asikho sichengeni ngoApril ukusa ngoAgasti. ongange-1000m. unoboya kodwa iintyatyambo isondele ngaselunxwemeni, ivela azinaboya. Intyatyambo inombala kumlambo iOlifants ngasentshona, okhrim, nopinki nentwana ukusa kwiNcam Protea susannae Protea speciosa Protea speciosa Protea susannae Usapho: Usapho: Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Proteaceae – Iqela leProtea Iqela: Iqela: Protea – iSugarbushes Protea – iSugarbushes

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: speciosa – ethetha ‘ubuhle’ susannae

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Bruinbaard Suikerkan, Brown-bearded Sugarbush Stinkblaarprotea, Stink-leaf Sugarbush

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 7 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 7

1.2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 2-3 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? mhlophe embindini. Ibracts Isetyenziswa Njani? ibrawuni igqunwe bubuncangathi. Ithandwa xa intsha naxa yomisiwe. June ukuya ku January IProtea speciosa sisihlahla esinesiqu IProtea speciosa adluliselwa ipoleni April ukuya ku IProtea susannae sisihlahla esikhulu Isityalo sityatyamba phakathi IProtea susannae iphantsi esithe nkqo nesikhula sibe ziimtha ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. September nesiqu esinye. Sikhula sibe kukaAprili noSeptemba. kokulinywa ukuvelisa icultivars eziyi-1.2m ubude. Amagqabi abe Imbewu igcinwa yintloko Ulondolozo ziimitha eziyi-2–3 ubude size sibe ezifana “nePink Ice”, “iSpecial Sivelisa kwimbewu, [Uludwe Olubomvu: isasazwe zintaka kwaye yi-90-160 mm ubude ize ibe yi- yentyatyambo ize emva kokuba 3–4 yemitha ububanzi. Ivelisa njani ezinye? Pink Ice”, “iCardinal”, “iSylvia” Ayixhalatyelwanga] Sivelisa kwimbewu, ziyazintshulela 10-60 mm ububanzi. ibulewe ngumlilo. Isihlahla isasazwe zintaka “neSusara”. Amagqabi ayi-80-160 mm IProtea susannae adluliselwa ipoleni siyadubula emva komlilo. Nakuba iProtea speciosa Zikhangeleka njani ubude, ayiovali, amile okwamaza ziintaka iSugarbird neSunbird. Ulondolozo KwiNcam ye Kapa ukuya ibhalwe njengesityalo E-Stanford ukuya iintyatyambo? Ifunyanwa phi? Amagqabi anuka njengesulphur Imbewu igcinwa yintloko [Uludwe Olubomvu: Phantse kwi Agulhas Plain Esingaxhalatyelwanga, Sinokuba e-Albertinia xa ecujiwe. Agqunywe buboya yentyatyambo iminyaka emininzi Kuba Sesichengeni] Intloko yentyatyambo ifakelwa Ikhula kwiintaba ze-Cape sichatshazelwe kukuvuna Sithengiswa sisitsha okanye obuncinane, asuke awe xa emva kokutyatyamba. ibracts engathi yivelvet. Imibala Peninsula ukuya kwi-Agulhas okungazinzanga, kunye nomlilo Sithengiswa sisitsha Indawo yokuhlala yeProtea somisiwe amagqabi ekhula. Amagqabi iba mhlophe ukusa kupinki Plain. Ikhula nakwintaba ongacetywanga. Sisesichengeni kancinci amadala afana nesikhumba. Ifunyanwa phi? susannae isesichengeni ngenxa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Intloko zaseRiviersonderend neLangeberg yezityalo zamanye amazwe, Asikho sichengeni Ikhula kakhulu phakathi kwisanti yentyatyambo ima nqko ukusa ukuya empuma ngaseRiversdale. Asifumaneki kuyo yonke Zikhangeleka njani ingakumbi iRooikrans, kwincam ebrawuni. Isityalo iintyatyambo? nakwifynbos ize ibe ninzi kwiqela ukwandiswa kwezixeko Asifumaneki kuyo yonke indawo leProtea. Ikhula eStanford indawo sityatyambo ngoJuni ukusa nokulinywa kweProtea. Intyatyambo iyi-80-100 mm kwiOverberg ukusa eAlbertinia. ngoJanuwari, kodwa ubukhulu Khula kwindawo Khula kwindawo encinane ngoSeptemba noOktobha. encinane ubude ne-70-110 mm ububanzi. Intyatyambo iba pinki ize ibe 34 35 Thamnochortus insignis Thamnochortus aethiopicum Anthospermum

ThamnochortusUsapho: insignis Anthospermum aethiopicum Restionaceae – iRestio (iCape Reed) iqela Usapho: Rubiaceae – the Bedstraw family Iqela: Thamnochortus Iqela: Anthospermum – ethetha ‘imbewu kwintyatyambo’ Uhlobo: insignis Uhlobo: aethiopicum – ethetha ‘yiza eAfrika’ Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Mannetjies Riet, Albertinia, Dekriet, Albertinia Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Thatching Reed, Thatchreed Seeroogbossie, Katstert

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3

Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? 2.5 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? iintyatyambo? IThamnochortus insignis yiRestio IThamnochortus insignis zidluliselwa Isetyenziswa ukufulela uphahhla IAnthospermum aethiopicum Ikhula kwiFynbos Biome. March ukuya ku April enkulu okanye iCape reed. Isiseko ipolen ngomoya. Imbewu kwaye iyathandwa kwisityalo segadi August ukuya ku January sisihlahla esishinyeneyo nesinesiqu Intyatyambo eliliduna sayo sinokukhula sibe yimitha incinane kakhulu ize ikhululwe esinye ukukhula kwimitha nesikhomokazi zahlukile. Isetyenziswa Njani? Sivelisa kwimbewu, Ulondolozo ububanzi size sikhule sibe yi-2.5m emva kwenyanga ezimbini emva Sivelisa kwimbewu, ezimbini ubude. Intyatyambo encinane eyelo ikhula isasazwe ngumoya [Uludwe Olubomvu: Isetyenziswa ukugcwalisa ubude. kokutyatyamba. isasazwe ngumoya ngaphakathi ukuze ibe nesiqu. Ayixhalatyelwanga] Amagqabi akhangeleka ngathi izithungu zefynbos. EMzantsi Kapa (ecaleni Isityalo sityatyamba ukusuka Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? IThamnochortus insignis sisityalo Kwi Cape Floristic Region yinaliti ukusa kwi-6 mm ubude kuAgasti ukusa kuJanuwari. Ulondolozo kwendlela ukusuka eBhayi iintyatyambo? nokukhula nkqo kwesiqu ukuya eCederberg) IThamnochortus insignis ikhula esiphambili seRestio isetyenziswa [Uludwe Olubomvu: ukufulela. Ingakumbi eCape Sithengiswa sisitsha ngokwamaqela amathathu. Ivelisa njani ezinye? Njengezinye izityalo ngokushinyeneyo ize ivela Ayixhalatyelwanga] Agulhas nakumlomo woMlambo Setyenziswa ukufulela zeRestio, intyatyambo eliduna ngokwemvelo kumzantsi weKapa, IAnthospermum aethiopicum weGouritz ziye zalawulwa Asikho sichengeni IAnthospermum aethiopicum yiya nebukhomokazi iba brawuni ngakumbi eAlbertinia. Noko ke, zidluliselwa ipolen ngomoya. kwisityalo sepioneer esikhula Asikho sichengeni ukulungiselela esi sityalo, umze. yaye ifumaneka kwizityalo imbewu iyanda ngenxa yeetraki ukutshisa rhoqo okukhuthaza Sikhula kuyo yonke Imbewu incinane ikhululwa emva kumhlaba ophazamisekileyo. ezahlukeneyo. Isityalo sityatyamba ezithwala iThatching Reed kokuba iye yatyatyamba. Asifumaneki kuyo yonke ukukhula, kwiindawo indawo Ngoko ayikho sichengeni. ngoMatshi nangoApril. ngoko izityalo ngoku zikhula indawo ezahlukeneyo oku kuye ecaleni kwendlela eBhayi ukuya kwachaphazela impilo yezityalo Xhaphakile Khula kwindawo encinane eCederberg – kumgama omde ezizikhulela ngokwemvelo kuloo qgitha ‘nekhaya’ layo lokwenene. mimandla ingqongileyo. Phylica ericoides Agathosma betulina Phylica ericoides Agathosma betulina Usapho: Usapho: Rhamnaceae – iqela leBuckthorn Rutaceae – the Citrus family Iqela: Iqela: Phylica – ethetha ‘igqabi’ Agathosma – chaza ‘ivumba elimnandi’

Uhlobo: Uhlobo: ericoides – ethetha ‘ifana ne-Erica’ betulina

Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Hardebos Boegoe, Buchu, Rondeblaarboegoe

Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: 3 Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: Ayibekwanga

90 cm Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? Ivelisa njani ezinye? Isetyenziswa Njani? IPhylica ericoides isihlahla IPhylica ericoides inevumba Isetyenziswa ukugcwalisa IAgathosma betulina isihlahla IAgathosma betulina ityelelwa Isetyenziselwa amayeza ize Nyaka wonke June ukuya ku November esidibeneyo nesicocekileyo elitsarhayo nelibi kakhulu izithungu zeentyatyambo ezintsha. esinesiqu esikhula sibe ziimitha zizinambuzane eziliqela, ngakumbi ibe sisiqholo. IBuchu tea sesihlahla. Inesiqu esinye namasebe xa ityatyamba. Ivumba litsala ezimibni ubude. Amagqabi iinyosi neempukane (inkqubo nebranti yeBuchu isetyenziswa Sivelisa kwimbewu, Sivelisa kwimbewu, amaninzi. Ikhula ibe-90 cm ubude. izinambuzane (ngakumbi iKelp Ulondolozo amabini akumacala angafaniyo yokudluliselwa kwepoleni ukuze incede isisu neengxaki isasazwe ziimpukane isasazwe zintaka Amagqabi abe-4-8 mm ubude Flies), ezinceda ukudlulisela [Uludwe Olubomvu: kwisiqu. Zimalunga ne-20 mm eqhelekileyo). Imbewu ikhutshwa zokungachami. nekhangeleka ngathi ngamagqabi iintyatyambo. Imbewu ikhululwa Ayixhalatyelwanga] (ziyazintshulela emva ubude ne-10 mm ububanzi. emva kokuba izityalo zomile. E-Saldanha Bay ukuya e eErica. xa iintyatyambo ziye zoma. kwemililo) Amadlala eoyile anokuba lula Iziqhamo zinamacandelo Ulondolozo eBhayi Phylica ericoides ayikho sichengeni. ukubona ngaphantsi kwegqabi. amahlanu. Zivuthwa, zize zidubule [Uludwe Olubomvu: Iyehla] Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? E-Calvinia ukuya Ioyile inika isityalo ivumba ukukhupha imbewu. Isihlahla IAgathosma betulina isesichengeni Sithengiswa sisitsha iintyatyambo? eCederberg, Tulbagh kunye Ifunywana kwiindawo ezithe elimnandi. sinokudubula emva komlilo. yimisebenzi yokuvuna kakhulu ne Ceres ukuya kuma nge Intloko yentyatyambo ingange4-7 tyaba ngaselunxwemeni ukusuka nokonakalisa indawo yokuhlala. Asikho sichengeni Piketberg Zikhangeleka njani Ifunyanwa phi? eSaldanha Bay ukuya eBhayi. mm ubukhulu. Yenzelwe iintyatyambo? njengentyatyambo (intyatyambo Ikhula kwintaba ezinesanti Asifumaneki kuyo yonke Setyenziswa ukwenza encinane) engqongwe zibract Intyatyambo imile ezithambekileyo ezikumlinganiselo indawo amayeza ezithe caba. Isityalo sityatyamba okwenkwenkwezi inamagqabi weemitha eziyi-300-700. unyaka wonke kuxhomekeka amahlanu kwisiqu esifutshane. Ifunyanwa eCalvinia, ukuya Xhaphakile Amanani ayehla kwindawo yasekuhlaleni. Isityalo sityatyamba ukusuka eCederberg, eTulbagh naseCeres, kuJuni ukusa kuNovemba. ukusa kwiPiketberg. 36 37 Acmadenia heterophylla Acmadenia heterophylla FlowerTrust Conservation Valley Usapho: Rutaceae – the Citrus family Flower Valley Iqela: Acmadenia Conservation Trust Uhlobo: (isekwe ngo 1999) ngeka heterophylla – ethetha ‘igqabi elahlukileyo’ Igama Eliqhelekileyo: wonke wonke futhi Buchu, Boegoe liqela elingenzi nzuzo Inqaku LeVulnerability Index: Ayibekwanga nelikhuthaza uvuno Ivelisa njani ezinye? Ulondolozo 2 m Sikhangeleka njani isityalo? [Uludwe Olubomvu: IAcmadenia heterophylla sisihlahla IAcmadenia heterophylla ityelelwa Ayixhalatyelwanga] oluzinzileyo lwezityalo September ukuya ngo esinesiqu esinye namasebe zizinambuzane eziliqela (inkqubo March amaninzi, sikhula sifike kwi-40 cm yokudluliselwa kwepoleni Nakuba iAcmadenia heterophylla ubude. Iyanda okanye iyanwenwa eqhelekileyo). Imbewu ikhululwa ikhula kakhulu kwigadi, zasendle. Kusukela ngo Sivelisa kwimbewu, phantsi emhlabeni. Iyahluka ibe kwiintyatyambo ziyoma. kuyanda ukuba sengozini isasazwe zizinambuzane zizityalo ezikhula zibe yi-60 cm kwayo ngokwemvelo, oku ububanzi. Amagqabi amancinane Ifunyanwa phi? kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvunwa 2003 iTrust isebenzisana E-Bredasdorp, Caledon adibana kufuphi nencam yeziqu Ikhula kwilimestone malunga okugqithiseleyo kunye kunye ne Mossel Bay ezikhangeleka bomvu. Amagqabi neBredasdorp, eCaledon nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo anuka ingathi yilamuni. naseMossel Bay. ekhula kuyo. kunye nesebe elishishina Sithengiswa sisitsha Zikhangeleka njani Isetyenziswa Njani? Asikho sichengeni iintyatyambo? ngefynbos noCape Isetyenziselwa imvuma ukuzalisa Intyatyambo zinamagqabi izithungu zentyatyambo yefynbos. amahlanu apinki nabinki kakhulu Nature ukuphakamisa embindini. Izityalo zityatyamba ngoSeptemba ukusa kuMatshi. Inkqubo Yovuno Oluzinzileyo.

38 39 I-Flower Valley Conservation Trust Imibulelo

I-Flower Valley Conservation Trust (yasekwa ngo-1999) ngumbutho ka wonke-wonke • INewcastle University’s Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Impact nongazuzi ngeniso omiselwe ukuvunwa kwefynbos yasendle. Ukususela ngo-2003 Acceleration Scheme idlulisele inkxaso ngesi Sikhokelo Somsebenzi. Ngaphantsi iTrust iye yasebenza ngokuvisisana nomsebenzi weCapeNature (iNtshona Kapa kophando oluqhubekayo lokuvunwa kwentyatyambo ngeESRC (imbekiselo yemvelo ilugunya lolondolozo) ukuhambisela phambili Inkqubo Yokuvuna Ezinzileyo yonikezelo ES/K005626/1 ikhokelwa nguGqr. Alex Hughes) nayiLeverhulme Trust (SHP). (imbekiselo yonikezelo RF150138 ikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi Cheryl McEwan). Gqr. David Bek noGerhard van Deventer basebenza kule projekthi. Ukufumana okungakumbi malunga neNkqubo Yokuvuna Ezinzileyo indlela • IFernkloof Nature Reserve abalungiselele iifoto ezininzi kwinkcazelo yegadi. yokuphuma, nceda uqhagamshele iFlower Valley Conservation Trust:: • ULondeka Zondi, uMntambo Nakwa noMkhululi Silandela abancede ukuguqulela Ifoni: 028 425 2218 oku ngesiXhosa. Meyile: [email protected] • URoger Bailey, uManejala Wolondolozo kwiFlower Valley Conservation Trust, Sayithi: www.flowervalley.org.za abalungiselele isixhobo sobugcisa. Inkcazelo engakumbi yababhali nabahleli

Ababhali:

Gerhard van Deventer Olu xwebhu lufumaneka kwintanethi kule dilesi:

UGerhard ngumnini weSandberg Fynbos Reserve (uMyezo weFynbos), indawo eyi “biodiveristy hotspot” kufuphi nelali yeElim kwiAgulhas Plain. Unokuqonda okuninzi http://www.flowervalley.org.za/fieldguidebooklet.pdf kwefynbos iekholoji nokuzinikela kulondolzo neprojekthi yemfundo kwiAgulhas Plain. Ebesoloko efumaneka kwiNkqubo Yokuvuna Ehambela Phambili ukususela ngo- 2003 yaye uye wamisela inkqubo yoqeqesho yokuVuna ngokuZinzileyo.. Uhlelo olushunqulelweyo lolu xwebhu lufumaneka kwintanethi Gqr. David Bek kule dilesi:

UDavid nguMphandi Ohambisana neNewcastle University. Uye wenza uphando eMzantsi Afrika ukususela ngo-2000 uye wasebenza kufuphi neFlower Valley http://www.flowervalley.org.za/fieldguidecardsA6.pdf Conservation Trust Kwiintyatyambo ukususela ngo-2006.

Gqr. Alice Ashwell

UAlice ngutitshala, umqeqeshi wobomi nomlinganiselo wokuyila amathuba abantu ukuze kulondolozwe indalo.

Abahleli:

UHeather D’Alton

UHeather yintatheli, usebenza njenge Manejala yoNxibelelwano kwiFlower Valley Conservation Trust.

URoss Turner

URoss Turner (MSc) ngusomvelo, icologist neErica-guru, ibe ugqibezela iPhD kwiUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal.

UBronwyn Botha

UBronwyn uneB-Tech Yolondolozo Lwendalo, yaye uyiConservation Extension & Applied Research Coordinator eFlower Valley Conservation Trust.

Gqr. Alex Hughes

UAlex Ngumfundi kwiEconomic Geography eNewcastle University, UK.

Unjingalwazi Cheryl McEwan

UCheryl nguSihlalo weHuman Geography at Durham University, UK.

40 41 Imveliso yeSikhokelo Sokuvunwa Kwentyatyambo Zasendle ifumene inkxaso ye-ESRC, ye-European Union Iincwadi: kunye nekaWWF Nedbank Green Trust. Okuqulethwe apha kolu papasho luxanduva lweFlower Valley Conservation Trust kunye nababhali qha, kwaye akumele nangayiphina indlela kujongwe njengeembono ze- Goldblatt P, Manning J. 2000. Cape plants: a conspectus of the Cape flora of South European Union okanye ezika WWF Nedbank Green Trust. Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute.

Haaksma ED, Linder HP. 2000. Restios of the fynbos. Botanical Society of South Africa. ISBN 187499921X.

Le Roux A, Jacobs L, Ralston S, Schutte-Vlok AL, and Koopman R. Plants and Vegetation, chapter 10 in Western Cape State of Biodiversity, CapeNature.

Linder HP. 2006. The African Restionaceae: an IntKey identification and description system. Version 4. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium 19.

Middelman, M. 2012 Proteas - The Birth of a Worldwide Industry, Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978 1 4691 3319 5.

Oliver EGH, Oliver IM. 2002. The genus Erica (Ericaceae) in southern Africa: taxonomic notes 1. Bothalia 32,1: 37-61. Flower Valley Conservation Trust PBO no: 930 011 712 Raimondo D, Staden LV, Foden W, Victor JE, Helme NA, Turner RC, Manyama NPO no: 083-402-NPO PA. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25, South African Biodiversity Institute. ISBN 9781919976525. Iinkcukacha zoqhaqamshelwano PO Box 354 Rebelo AG. 2001. Sasol Proteas: a field guide to the Proteas of Southern Africa. Bredasdorp Fernwood Press. ISBN 1874950407. 7280 Turpie, J.K., Heydenrych, B.J. & Lamberth, S.J. 2003. Economic value of terrestrial and South Africa marine biodiversity in the Cape Floristic Region: implications for defining effective and socially optimal conservation strategies. Biological Conservation. Tel. +27 (0)28 425 2218 Email: [email protected] Van Wyk BE, Gericke N. 2000. People’s plants: A guide to useful plants of Southern Website: www.flowervalley.org.za Africa. Briza Publications. ISBN 9781875093199. Facebook: Flower Valley Conservation Trust Twitter Handle: @flowervalleyct Vogts M. 1982. South Africa’s Proteaceae: know them and grow them. C. Struik, Cape Town. ISBN 0869771167.

Welsford MR, Midgley JJ, Johnson SD. 2014. Experimental Evaluation of Insect Pollination versus Wind Pollination in Leucadendron (Proteaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 175(3): 296-306.

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