UKWAZISA ISIKHOKELO SOVUNO LWEENTYATYAMBO ZASENDLE 1 Okuqulethweyo Ukwazisa Isikhokelo Sovuno Lweentyatyambo Zasendle 3 Isichazi-magama 4 Ukwazisa Isikhokelo Sovuno Ifynbos 6 Lweentyatyambo Zasendle Yintoni ifynbos? 7 I-Cape Floral Kingdom 7 Abantu abaninzi kwiOverberg bafumana iinkozo zokuphila kwiintyatyambo zasendle, Izityalo zaseMzantsi Afrika 8 ezaziwa ngokuba yifynbos. Abanye bakha ezi zintyatyambo ukuze bazithengise Ifynbos isesichengeni 8 kwiimarike, abanye bazincothula kuba iziintyatyambo zamanye amazwe, ukanti ke Ixabiso Lefynbos 9 abanye bazibandakanya kulondolozo lwendalo nokhenketho. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abasebenza emadlelweni babenolwazi ngezityalo ze-fynbos . Esi Sikhokelo Seentyatyambo Ifynbos nomlilo 9 Zasendle sichaza iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezingama-41 kwezona zityalo zefynbos zaziwayo Amacandelo ezityalo 9 ezivunwayo kumimandla yethu ukuze zisiwe kwiimarike zeentyatyambo. Ikwajolise Ukuthiya Izityalo Amagama 10 ekunikezeni inkcazelo eluncedo ezakuxhasa uvuno oluzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lwe- fynbos ngokubanzi. Imarike yefynbos 10 Ukuvuna ifynbos ngononophelo 11 Uvuno lweentyatyambo kuchaphazela okanye kuphembelela amadlelo. Ukuba asilumkanga, singonakalisa okanye side sibulale izityalo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba Inkqubo Yokuvuna Ezinzileyo 12 uvune iintyatyambo, kubalulekile ukubuza oku: IndlelaYokuziphatha Ephambili ye-SHP Kubavuni Basedle 12 • Yintoni emele ivunwe? Imigaqo elungileyo elishumi yokuvuna 13 • kumelwe ivunwe kangakanani? Vulnerability Index Noludwe Lwenkcazelo Ebomvu 13 • kumelwe zivunwe njani iintyatyambo? Yazi ubungakanani be-fynbos onayo 14 Izityalo Ze-fynbos Ze-Agulhas Plain nangaphandle 14 Esi sikhokelo sinenjongo yokunceda abantu baqonde: • Umahluko phakathi kweendidi ezininzi zezityalo zefynbos ezikhula endle; kwaye Inkcazelo ngezityalo 15 • Ziziphi izityalo ze-fynbos ezinokuvunwa, nokuba ziziphi ezinqabileyo nezimele ziyekwe endle. Flower Valley Conservation Trust 39 Imibulelo 41 Esi sikhokelo samadlelo siyafumaneka ngeelwimi ezintathu zaseNtshona Kapa Iincwadi 42 isiBhulu, isiNgesi nesiXhosa. Ababhali: UGerhard van Deventer, uGqr. David Bek, noGqr. Alice Ashwell Abahleli: UHeather D’Alton, uRoss Turner, uBronwyn Botha, uGqr. Alex Hughes, uNjingalwazi Cheryl McEwan Esi sikhokelo samadlelo sinesigunyaziso ngaphantsi kwezi kweCreative Commons Licence: I-Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives CC BY-NC-ND Nayiphi na imveliso iphantsi kwemiqathango yesigunyazisi: Attribution— Kuzo zonke ii-kopi (okanye izinto ezicatshuliweyo) ithi: Copyright ©2015 Gerhard van Deventer Sandberg Fynbos Reserve, Gqr David Bek Newcastle University, Gqr Alice Ashwell, Heather D’Alton Flower Valley Conservation Trust, Ross Turner University of KwaZulu-Natal, uBronwyn Botha Flower Valley Conservation Trust, Gqr Alex Hughes Newcastle University, uNjingalwazi Cheryl McEwan Durham University NonCommecial– Ngaphandle kokuba igunyaziswa yiYunivesithi yaseNewcastle kunye ne-Flower Valley Conservation Trust usetyenziso lwesikhokhelo nguwo nawuphi na umbutho kuthintelwe. No Derivatite – Abagunyazisiweyo bangenza iikopi, basasaze, benze imiboniso kwaye benze iikopi zomsebenzi ngobunjalo bawo, kodwa bangavelisi ngokutsha. 2 3 Isichazi-magama Isichazi-magama Kwesi Sikhokelo Sokuvunwa Kweentyatyambo ZaseNdle, amagama ezityalo nengcaciso yazo iyeyemfundiso. I-Marsh [yithi: märsh] – Indawo engahambisi amanzi kakuhle ngaphezu komhlaba. Kwicandelo leziqhamo ingcambu yesiqu Abantu abasebenza kwi-fynbos basebenzisa amagama amaninzi angaqhelekanga kuwonke-wonke. Ukuba nethi ngamathuba athile amanzi adame. IiMarshes zifumaneka eneengcambu ezaphukileyo apho umfama anokufaka okanye kwiindawo ezikufuphi nemiwonyo, imilambo nemigxobhozo. asike umthi weziqhamo aze azuze umgangatho omhle. ufumana igama ongaliqondiyo kule ncwadi, unokujonga oko likuthethayo kweli candelo. I-Nectar [yithi: nek-tur] – Incindi eswiti eveliswa zizityalo Isihlahla = Isityalo somthi esincinane kunomthi. I-Alien [yithi: ay-lee-en] – Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwizityalo Ikhosistim [yithi: ubudlelwane bendalo] – Indawo enezityalo, (ngokuqhelekileyo iintyatyambo). Inectar yenziwa ngamadlala Ngokuqhelekileyo sineziqu ezahlukeneyo ukusa kusiseko, nezilwanyana ezingaphili ngokwemvelo kwindawo evulekileyo. izilwanyana nezinto ezincinane eziphilayo. Zonke ziphila, abizwa ngokuba ziinectaries [yithi: nek-tur-eez]. Natsala kunokuba sibe sisiqu esikhulu esinye. Izilwanyana nezityalo zamanye amazwe ziziswa kwezo ndawo zitya, zivelise ezinye zize zisebenzisane kwindawo enye okanye izinambuzane, iintaka nezilwanyana nahambisa ipolen yeentyatyambo ngoxa zisela le ncindi iswiti. Isiqu esinye – Isityalo esikhula ngokusuka kwimbewu nesisiqu ngabantu, ngamanye amaxesha bengaqondanga. Ezinye kokusingqongileyo. esinye (njengomthi) kunokuba sibe namasebe (afana nezihlala). zikhula kakuhle kumakhaya amatsha zide ‘zibhukuqe’ izityalo Okusingqongileyo – Zimeko ezingqongileyo apho umntu, I-Pioneer plant [yithi: py-o-neer] – Esi sityalo sikhula kumhlaba nezilwanyana zemvelo zaloo ndawo. othe waphazamiseka okanye olinyiweyo, olihlungu, okanye Iindidi – Iqela lezilwanyana okanye izityalo ezikhangeleka isilwanyana okanye isityalo sihlala khona. zifana nezinokuvelisa uhlobo olufanayo lukhule. I-Biodiversity [yithi: by-oh-die-vur-suh-tee] – Igama elithi ozityalo zinyatheleke/zicinezeleke zafa. I-Pioneer plants ziqinile ‘Bio’ lithetha ubomi, kwaye igama elithi ‘diversity’ lithetha I-Extinct [yithi: ek-stinkt] – Igama elichaza uhlobo lwesityalo ngokuba zikhula elangeni nakumhlaba ongemhle. Ziba yikoloni Imbewu – Isityalo esincinane esikhula kwimbewu enye. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko igama elithi ‘biodiversity’ lithetha okanye isilwanyana esingafumanekiyo naphina emhlabeni. yendawo ukuze ifanelekele izityalo ezingakhuli kakuhle. Species [say: spee-sees or spee-sheez] – A group of animals or iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana kuloo ndawo. Siphelile ngokupheleleyo. Le nkqubo yokuphela ibizwa ngokuba plants that look similar and can breed and produce fertile young. “yi-extinction” [yithi: ek-stink-shun].Ezinye iintlobo ziphela UkuPholineyitha [yithi: poh-lih-neyita] – Ukususa ipholen Ifynbos ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo (okanye iindindi) zezityalo, kwenye intyatyambo ukusa kwenye ukuze isityalo sisuswe ngoko ‘inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokwahlukana kwemvelo’. endle. Oku kuthetha ukuba azisakwazi ukuphila kwimvelo, Ukuqhubeka – Ukuba umsebenzi uyaqhubeka umele kodwa zinokufumaneka kwiigadi neendawo ezikhuselweyo. kwesinye ukusa kwesinye isityalo nokuze kuveliswe imbewu. uqhubeke ixesha elide. Ukuvuna ifybos kuyaqhubeka, kufuneka Eyona ndawo ‘inemvelo eyahlukeneyo’ yindawo enemvelo Umoya nezilwanyana (ezifana neentaka nezinambuzane) ezahlukeneyo ibe/okanye etyityimbiselwa umnwe zizityalo ivunwe ngononophelo ukuze isityalo siqhubeke sivelisa unyaka I-Floret [yithi: floh-ret] – Intyatyambo elula, kunye nezinye, iyila zisoloko zinenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pollination [yithi: nonyaka. nezilwanyana. uhlobo lweentyatyambo ezaziwa ngokuba ‘ziinflorescence’. poh-lih-nay-shun]. Intyatyambo yeProtea, yintyatyambo eyenziwe yimeko Uhlaza – Elinye igama ‘bubomi bezityalo’. Ibhayon inokuquka I-Biome [yithi: by-ohm] – Iindawo zendalo ezifana nentlango, I-Resprouter [yithi: ree-sprau-tur] – Izityalo ezinokukhula emva amahlathi, ifynbos okanye indawo enengca. Ubushushu, umhlaba yokusingqongileyo kwiflorets ezininzi. iindidi ezahlukeneyo zohlaza. Umzekelo i-Fynbos Biome kokuba ziye zatsha ngumlilo wamadlelo. Amasebe namagqabi inokufumaneka kwiingqokelela ezahlukeneyo ezikhula nezinye iimeko zaloo ndawo ziphembelela izityalo nezilwanyana I-Fynbos yithi: fain-boss] – Uhlobo olufunyanwa kwiinxalenye amatsha ngaphantsi kwamasebe ayimithi, okanye ngaphantsi ezihlala apho. ezintabeni, kufuphi nolwandle, kwiindawo ezixineneyo zeNtshona Koloni apho imvula isina ebusika. Imbalwa imithi komhlaba wetubers. nakwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo. ekhula kwifynbos. Uninzi zizityalo namahlahla, izityalo I-Botany [yithi: boh-tah-nee] – Uhlolisiso lwezityalo. ‘Ibotanist’ I-Rootstock [yithi: root-stok] –Le ndawo ekhula ngaphantsi ngumntu ofunda ngezityalo. Igama elithi ‘Botanical’ lithetha into ezincinane neengcongolo. Ifynbos ifumene igama layo ngenxa yamahlahla (bos) nokuba namagqabi amancinane (fyn). kwesityalo, ukwenzela iingcambu neziqu ezingaphantsi yokwenza nezityalo. komhlaba (okanye irhizome), enokuvelisa isiqu namasebe I-Bract [yithi: brakt] – Inxalenye yesityalo efana negqabi ibe Indawo – Ikhaya lemvelo okanye okusingqongileyo ifumaneka apho zikhula khona kwisiqu. Kwezinye izityalo kwizilwanyana, izityalo nezinto eziphilayo. ezifana neProtea, iinxalenye zeentyantyambo zikhangeleka zifana I-Indigenous [yithi: in-dih-jih-nus] – Oku kuchaza izityalo namagqabi ebract. Umzobo wobume besityalo okanye izilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo yemvelo okanye Petal I-Broadcast sowing [yithi: brawd-carst so-ing] – Ukutyala ikhosistim. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abazizisanga izityalo imbewu ngokulahla ezisesandleni emhlabeni. Akukho nezilwanyana kule ndawo. Sinokutsho ukuba isilwanyana okanye mthethweni ukutyala imbewu kwindawo yefybos, ngenxa isityalo singesalapho ‘ngokwemvelo’. yokuba izityalo ezityalwayo zinokuthatha indawo yezityalo I-Inflorescence [yithi: in-floh-reh-sense] – Iqela okanye igquba Anther Stigma ezikhula pha ngokwemvelo. Oku kunciphisa ibiodiversity. leentyatyambo kwisiqu esinye. Sibizwa ngokuba “yintloko I-Cape Floral Kingdom – Kukho iindidi ezintandathu yentyatyambo.” IProtea yiinflorescence yokwenene eyenziwa emhlabeni zefloral. Ezi ziindawo ezinkulu ofumana kuzo ziintyatyambo eziliqela ezibizwa ngokuba “ziiflorets”. Ezi florets