DOCSLIB.ORG

Healthy Cities a Planning Perspective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Healthy Cities a Planning Perspective Towards Healthy Cities A planning perspective 1 Prepared by Beth Matlawski In partial fulfillment of the UNSW Bachelor of Town Planning Degree 2 Abstract Research has demonstrated that designing the built environment in a manner that is conducive to good health can increase the health and well being of inhabitants. The premise of this research is based on the assumption that people are more likely to make healthy behaviour choices when options are easily available to them; and thus environments that support or discourage unhealthy behaviours critically influence their health. The town planning profession plays an important role in decision making and controlling orderly development of cities and therefore is the driving force of healthy urban planning. Effective planning policy and integration of health in the urban planning process can assist in alleviating preventable diseases and increase general well being through promoting physical activity by incorporating considerate land use and design principles. Therefore the attitudes of planning professionals toward these ideals, together with professionals armed with the tools and means to positively alter unhealthy behaviours are crucial in producing healthy environments This thesis investigates the attitudes, opinions and knowledge of planners in regard to health and healthy urban planning in Sydney. The research primarily focuses on the key human factors that influence the implementation of healthy urban practices and policy in local governments and current barriers within local governments today which inhibit the development of healthy cities. 3 Acknowledgement I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Susan Thompson, for her guidance and for sharing and the enthusiasm for my chosen topic. To my family, for their love and constant support especially Adam and Paul who supported me through this stressful time, offering me advice and insight when needed and for providing a sanctuary away from distractions. Bianca, Matt, Vy, Pete and Katie thanks for the advice, technical SPSS support, the phone calls and motivation which got me through the past 3 months. Last of all, to the class of 2006, thanks for making life at UNSW over the past 5 years, the funny, interesting and enjoyable experience it was! You will certainly be missed. 4 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... 9 PROBLEM SETTING ................................................................................................................ 10 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................ 11 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.......................................................................................................... 13 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................... 14 STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER TWO: HEALTHY CITIES.............................................................................. 16 THE ORIGIN OF HEALTHY CITIES ........................................................................................ 17 WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION......................................................................................... 18 HEALTHY URBAN PLANNING ................................................................................................ 19 TODAY’S CONTEXT ................................................................................................................ 21 SEDENTARY LIFESTYLES ......................................................................................................... 21 CURRENT STATE OF HEALTH ................................................................................................... 22 ROLE OF THE PLANNER ......................................................................................................... 23 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................ 25 TRENDS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT OVER TIME ....................... 26 URBAN SPRAWL....................................................................................................................... 27 CAR DEPENDENCY ................................................................................................................... 28 SAFETY .................................................................................................................................... 29 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH ......................... 30 MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL BEING....................................................................................... 30 PHYSICAL HEALTH AND ACTIVE LIFESTYLES......................................................................... 30 PLANNING AND HEALTH IN NSW.......................................................................................... 35 THE INFLUENCE OF PLANNERS IN THE ACHIEVING HEALTHY CITIES ....................................... 35 REGULATION AT THE GOVERNMENT LEVEL............................................................................ 37 SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE FOR HEALTH URBAN PLANNING...................................................... 38 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY.............................................................................. 40 SELECTION CRITERIA............................................................................................................ 41 5 SAMPLING METHOD............................................................................................................... 44 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN....................................................................................................... 46 LIMITATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 47 ETHICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS....................................................................... 48 CHAPTER FIVE: ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE OF SYDNEY PLANNERS...... 49 HEALTH AND THE HEALTHY CITIES MOVEMENT. .............................................................. 51 THE LINK BETWEEN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH.......................................... 55 IMPORTANCE OF THE HEALTH.............................................................................................. 60 GENERAL RESULTS.................................................................................................................. 61 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS ................................................................................................. 61 POSITION DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 62 HEALTHY PLANNING IN COUNCILS ...................................................................................... 66 WORKSHOPS AND SEMINARS................................................................................................... 66 CONSIDERATION OF HEALTH WITHIN THE WORKPLACE......................................................... 67 HEALTHY POLICIES WITHIN LGAS .......................................................................................... 69 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 71 CHAPTER SIX: CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANNERS & COUNCILS..................... 72 PLANNERS KNOWLEDGE ....................................................................................................... 73 HEALTHY CITIES...................................................................................................................... 73 HEALTH BEHAVIOURS ............................................................................................................. 74 PLANNERS ROLE .................................................................................................................... 76 PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE......................................................................................................... 76 HEALTH AWARENESS .............................................................................................................. 76 POSITION DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 77 PRACTICING HEALTHY URBAN PLANNING IN COUNCILS ..................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fixing Town Planning Laws
    Fixing town planning laws Identifying the problems and proposing solutions Submission by the Urban Taskforce to the Productivity Commission in response to its issues paper: Performance Benchmarking of Australian Business Regulation: Planning, Zoning and Development Assessments September 2010 Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 This submission focuses on NSW ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Allan Fels report: Choice Free Zone ............................................................................................................ 14 1.3 Going Nowhere and Deny Everything reports ......................................................................................... 15 1.4 NSW Government’s own reports ................................................................................................................. 18 1.5 Anti-competitive features of the planning system.................................................................................. 19 2. The objectives of the planning system ............................................................................................................ 26 2.1 The current objectives ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Planning Cultural Creation and Production in Sydney: a Venue and Infrastructure Needs Analysis
    Planning Cultural Creation and Production in Sydney A venue and infrastructure needs analysis April 2018 Ien Ang, David Rowe, Deborah Stevenson, Liam Magee, Alexandra Wong, Teresa Swist, Andrea Pollio WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY Institute for Culture and Society The Project Team Distinguished Professor Ien Ang Emeritus Professor David Rowe Professor Deborah Stevenson Dr. Liam Magee Dr. Alexandra Wong Dr. Teresa Swist Mr. Andrea Pollio ISBN 978-1-74108-463-4 DOI 10.4225/35/5b05edd7b57b6 URL http://doi.org/10.4225/35/5b05edd7b57b6 Cover photo credit: City of Sydney Referencing guide: Ang, I., Rowe, D., Stevenson, D., Magee, L., Wong, A., Swist, T. & Pollio, A. (2018). Planning cultural creation and production in Sydney: A venue and infrastructure needs analysis. Penrith, N.S.W.: Western Sydney University. This is an independent report produced by Western Sydney University for the City of Sydney. The accuracy and content of the report are the sole responsibility of the project team and its views do not necessarily represent those of the City of Sydney. 2 Acknowledgements This project was commissioned by the City of Sydney Council and conducted by a research team from Western Sydney University’s Institute for Culture and Society (ICS). The project team would like to acknowledge Lisa Colley’s and Ianto Ware’s contribution of their expertise and support for this project on behalf of the City of Sydney. We also extend our gratitude to the other City of Sydney Council officers, cultural venue operators, individual artists, creative enterprises, and cultural organisations who participated in and shared their experiences in our interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia Raymond Charles Rauscher · Salim Momtaz
    Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia Raymond Charles Rauscher · Salim Momtaz Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia City of Sydney Urban Planning 1 3 Raymond Charles Rauscher Salim Momtaz University of Newcastle University of Newcastle Ourimbah, NSW Ourimbah, NSW Australia Australia ISBN 978-3-319-17571-3 ISBN 978-3-319-17572-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17572-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015935216 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image: Woolloomooloo Square (Forbes St) developed from street closure (see Chapter 3 on Woolloomooloo).
    [Show full text]
  • Planning Cultural Creation and Production in Sydney: a Venue and Infrastructure Needs Analysis
    Planning Cultural Creation and Production in Sydney A venue and infrastructure needs analysis April 2018 Ien Ang, David Rowe, Deborah Stevenson, Liam Magee, Alexandra Wong, Teresa Swist, Andrea Pollio WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY Institute for Culture and Society The Project Team Distinguished Professor Ien Ang Emeritus Professor David Rowe Professor Deborah Stevenson Dr. Liam Magee Dr. Alexandra Wong Dr. Teresa Swist Mr. Andrea Pollio ISBN 978-1-74108-463-4 DOI 10.4225/35/5b05edd7b57b6 URL http://doi.org/10.4225/35/5b05edd7b57b6 Cover photo credit: City of Sydney Referencing guide: Ang, I., Rowe, D., Stevenson, D., Magee, L., Wong, A., Swist, T. & Pollio, A. (2018). Planning cultural creation and production in Sydney: A venue and infrastructure needs analysis. Penrith, N.S.W.: Western Sydney University. This is an independent report produced by Western Sydney University for the City of Sydney. The accuracy and content of the report are the sole responsibility of the project team and its views do not necessarily represent those of the City of Sydney. 2 Acknowledgements This project was commissioned by the City of Sydney Council and conducted by a research team from Western Sydney University’s Institute for Culture and Society (ICS). The project team would like to acknowledge Lisa Colley’s and Ianto Ware’s contribution of their expertise and support for this project on behalf of the City of Sydney. We also extend our gratitude to the other City of Sydney Council officers, cultural venue operators, individual artists, creative enterprises, and cultural organisations who participated in and shared their experiences in our interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Housing Key Workers: Scoping Challenges, Aspirations, and Policy Responses for Australian Cities
    PEER REVIEWED FINAL REPORT NO. 355 Housing key workers: scoping challenges, aspirations, and policy responses for Australian cities Authored by Publication Date May 2021 Catherine Gilbert, The University of Sydney DOI 10.18408/ahuri7323901 Zahra Nasreen, The University of Sydney Nicole Gurran, The University of Sydney Title AHURI Housing key workers: scoping challenges, aspirations, AHURI is a national independent research network with an and policy responses for Australian cities expert not-for-profit research management company, AHURI Limited, at its centre. Authors Catherine Gilbert, The University of Sydney AHURI’s mission is to deliver high quality research that influences Zahra Nasreen, The University of Sydney policy development and practice change to improve the housing Nicole Gurran, The University of Sydney and urban environments of all Australians. ISBN Using high quality, independent evidence and through active, managed engagement, AHURI works to inform the policies 978-1-922498-22-9 and practices of governments and the housing and urban Key words development industries, and stimulate debate in the broader Australian community. Housing and the economy, housing aspirations and careers, urban planning and housing. AHURI undertakes evidence-based policy development on a range of priority policy topics that are of interest to our Series audience groups, including housing and labour markets, urban AHURI Final Report growth and renewal, planning and infrastructure development, Number housing supply and affordability, homelessness, economic productivity, and social cohesion and wellbeing. 355 Acknowledgements ISSN This material was produced with funding from the Australian 1834-7223 Government and state and territory governments. AHURI Publisher Limited gratefully acknowledges the financial and other support it has received from these governments, without Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute Limited which this work would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Suburban Sydney
    Sydney Journal 1(3) December 2008 ISSN 1835-0151 http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ojs/index.php/sydney_journal/index Suburban Sydney Paul Ashton Sydney has been described as a ‘City of Suburbs’.1 Indeed, the process of suburbanisation is arguably one of the most important developments in Australia’s post-invasion history. Kilometre after kilometre of suburb has for decades dominated the cultural landscape of Sydney and other Australian capital cities, while suburbia has formed the heartland of the bourgeois ideology that has been dominant for more than two generations. Metropolitan Sydney’s phenomenal suburban expansion during much of the twentieth century has been explored by a small number of urban historians.2 But the impact and importance of suburbanisation in and around Sydney – by far the largest annual metropolitan investment item – has still to attract the attention it deserves. Some historians of suburban Sydney have embarked on a search for distinctive cultural virtues in the ‘half world between city and country’. They found the following: privacy, self-sufficiency, respectability, uniformity. In her study of Concord, Grace Karskens observed that the suburb was self-conscious and, it appears, secure. Its inhabitants enjoyed its sense of place in a way that no outsider could fully appreciate. In shaping their environment so successfully suburban people created one of the earliest recognisable cultural landscapes… The brick bungalow suburbs of Sydney… are a potent symbol of the culture of ordinary people. They must be allowed to speak for themselves.3 At one level this is true. But suburb creation, suburban ideology and suburban existence are more complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophies, Policies and Products in the Evolution of Metropolitan Open Space in Sydney 1948-2008
    Metropolitan Open Space in Sydney 1 Green Regional Design: Philosophies, policies and products in the evolution of metropolitan open space in Sydney 1948-2008 Authors: Catherine Evans (corresponding author) Senior Lecturer Landscape Architecture Program Faculty of the Built Environment UNSW 2052 Australia ph: (02)9385-6857 e: [email protected] Professor Robert Freestone Planning Program Faculty of the Built Environment UNSW Word count: 5011 excluding abstract, captions and references Key words: open space planning; metropolitan planning; urban form Metropolitan Open Space in Sydney 2 Green Regional Design: Philosophies, policies and products in the evolution of metropolitan open space in Sydney 1948-2008 Catherine Evans and Robert Freestone Faculty of the Built Environment University of New South Wales Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate how and to what extent the provision of major open spaces has been integrated (or not) into the metropolitan planning process in Sydney over the last 60 years. There is a focus on three specific dimensions of this history: roles and influence of various agencies responsible for the implementation of open space; shifting values and concepts which influenced delivery of open space; and comparison of proposals for significant regional greenspaces against the parks and open spaces that eventuated. The analysis is based primarily on a review of statutory metropolitan planning strategies and annual reports of state planning departments and authorities. It is framed across three distinct periods of urban planning in Sydney: 1940s—1960s (a period framed by two robust strategic plans when the foundation of a metropolitan green web was activated); 1960s—1980s (implementation of 1968 strategic corridor thinking through to emergence of sustainability concerns in policy-making), and 1990s to the present (from early concerns for climate change through to the multivalent notion of green infrastructure).
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney's First Ideological Battle with Apartments
    The Origin of Rejection: Sydney’s First Ideological Battle with Apartments George Greiss Western Sydney University, School of Social Science and Psychology [email protected] State of Australian Cities Conference and PhD Symposium 30th November – 5th December, 2019 Perth, Western Australia www.soac2019.com.au The Origin of Rejection: Sydney’s First Ideological Battle with Apartments George Greiss Western Sydney University, School of Social Science and Psychology Abstract: At the dawn of the twentieth century Sydney’s first apartment buildings were built, introducing a new housing alternative for the wealthy middle-class residents in the inner-city suburbs of Sydney. Apartment living quickly became a sought-after accommodation choice and was soon labelled as the cutting edge of Australian Modernism. The first round of apartment developments in Sydney lasted for approximately three decades before stalling with the beginning of the Great Depression. At the same time, Sydney was characterised as having low-density residential suburbs, high levels of home ownership and high general standards of well-being. Suburbia had a romantic notion, and the inner-city was losing favour with the growing numbers of homeowners, who saw higher density living as fostering slums, crime and immorality. The apartments modernism could not compete with the new shining suburbs or with the Government reforms and their push for suburbia while moving away from apartment living. The suburbs became the ideological heartland of Australian neoliberalism and high-density inner-city areas even those in the most desirable locations and inhabited by the wealthy middle class, became condemned as “slums of the future” and “un-Australian”.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and Customs
    Sydney Journal 1(2) June 2008 ISSN 1835-0151 http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ojs/index.php/sydney_journal/index Town planning Paul Ashton and Robert Freestone Sydney has been described as an ‘accidental city’, one with a planning history characterised by opportunistic development and disjointed or abortive attempts at holistic planning.1 At the first Australian Town Planning Conference and Exhibition held in Adelaide in 1917, JD Fitzgerald – politician and leading town planning advocate – lamented that Sydney was ‘a city without a plan, save whatever planning was due to the errant goat. Wherever this animal made a track through the bush’, he observed, ‘there are the streets of today’.2 Sydney Town Despite attempts by colonial governors back to Arthur Phillip to regulate urban growth, early Sydney grew ‘like Topsy’. In his 1832 Report on the Limits of Sydney, Surveyor General Thomas Mitchell noted that most peripheral town land had ‘been alienated and that roads and boundary lines were oblique and irregular’.3 Further chaos ensued when Mitchell attempted to ‘square the lands of individuals conformably to a general plan of Streets’. Mitchell’s neat roads were proclaimed rights of way during 1834. Adversely affected landowners swamped the government with claims for compensation, leading subsequently to a select committee to untangle the web of claims and counterclaims. Private property interests won out, and Sydney Town was set ultimately to become the densest core of a sprawling city. Nevertheless, the rapid economic and demographic expansion which led to the commissioning of Mitchell’s Report made it necessary to implement general controls on development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sydney Green Grid
    Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning Volume 6 Adapting to Expanding and Contracting Article 55 Cities 2019 Challenges of Metropolitan Scale Green Infrastructure: The yS dney Green Grid Catherine B. Evans Faculty of the Built Environment, UNSW, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fabos Part of the Environmental Design Commons, Geographic Information Sciences Commons, Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, Landscape Architecture Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Remote Sensing Commons, Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Evans, Catherine B. (2019) "Challenges of Metropolitan Scale Green Infrastructure: The yS dney Green Grid," Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning: Vol. 6 , Article 55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7275/hg99-2q37 Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fabos/vol6/iss1/55 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Challenges of Metropolitan Scale Green Infrastructure: The yS dney Green Grid Cover Page Footnote For the preparation of this work I gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship, my PhD supervisors, Professors Robert Freestone and Jon Lang, and the grant provided by the UNSW Faculty of the Built Environment which supported the first phase of this work in 2008-2009.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolving Vision of the Olympic Legacy: the Development of the Mixed-Use Olympic Parks of Sydney and London
    The London School of Economics and Political Science The evolving vision of the Olympic legacy: the development of the mixed-use Olympic Parks of Sydney and London Volume 1: Text Hiromasa Shirai A thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology, Cities Programme of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, August 2014 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 92,019 words. I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by James Disley. 2 Abstract In the long history of Olympic urbanisation, the creation of an “Olympic Park” where various Olympic facilities are concentrated has been favoured by both host cities and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), due to the regenerative opportunity it presents and its management advantages during the Games. Yet the usages and financial viability of such an approach after the Games were questioned by past Olympic cities, such that turning the post-Olympic Park into a multifunctional “mixed-use” urban precinct rather than a mono-functional sporting quarter was the approach taken in Sydney and London.
    [Show full text]
  • Health in Strategic Planning (A Report for the Henry Halloran Trust for Strategic Partnerships Grant 16HT03, July 2017)
    Health in Strategic Planning (A report for the Henry Halloran Trust for Strategic Partnerships Grant 16HT03, July 2017) Jennifer L. Kent1, Patrick Harris2, Peter Sainsbury3, Emily Riley4, Elizabeth Harris5 1 Research Fellow, Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, University of Sydney 2 Senior Research Fellow, Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney 3 Visiting Professorial Fellow, Faculty of the Built Environment, University of NSW 4 Research Assistant, Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney 5 Senior Advisor, Health EQuity Research and Development Unit, Sydney Local Health District Health in Strategic Planning (A report for the Henry Halloran Trust) Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Retrospective analysis: A Plan for Growing Sydney ................................................................................ 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Results ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Section one: concluding points ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]