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Reported That More Than Half of All Trans Respondents Felt Personally Discriminated Against Or Harassed Because They Were Perceived As Trans
CommDH/Speech(2016)2 English only European societies should recognise the full diversity of gender identities Keynote address by Nils Muižnieks Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights European Transgender Council “Transforming Europe – 10 years of movement building” Bologna, 3 June 2016 European societies need to recognise the full diversity of gender identities among their members. Trans people have the right to determine and express their individual gender identity and be fully included in their societies. Recent years have demonstrated that real progress can be made in fulfilling trans people’s human rights. The European Court of Human Rights was instrumental in establishing the right to legal gender recognition in its landmark judgment in the case of Christine Goodwin v. the United Kingdom in 2002. Since then, the focus of discussion and reforms has been put on the conditions for the official recognition of gender identity. The abusive conditions of sterilisation, divorce, and diagnosis of mental disorder have been obstacles to realising the right to self-determination by trans people. In recent years, I have urged legislative reforms through my country monitoring in Croatia, Finland, Ireland, Poland, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine. Fortunately, many countries in Europe have already taken measures to eradicate obstacles to legal gender recognition. A few have taken the further step of providing a simple procedure which is fully based on self-determination. In Denmark, Malta and Ireland even the condition of a medical diagnosis has been abolished. I encourage other member states to follow their example and I know that further reforms are already under way. -
License to Be Yourself: Responding to National Security and Identity Fraud Arguments
OF A LEGAL GENDER RECOGNITION ISSUE BRIEF BRIEF 4 4 LICENSE TO BE YOURSELF: RESPONDING TO NATIONAL SECURITY AND IDENTITY FRAUD ARGUMENTS 1 A LEGAL GENDER RECOGNITION ISSUE BRIEF RESPONDING TO NATIONAL SECURITY AND IDENTITY FRAUD ARGUMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2 Overview ...................................................................................................................3 Terminology and scope ...........................................................................................3 National security and identity fraud issues for intersex people ...........................4 THE CURRENT SITUATION ................................................................................ 6 International human rights obligations ..................................................................7 Progressive laws, policies, and practices ...............................................................8 SOME COMMON ARGUMENTS AND POSSIBLE RESPONSES ........................ 12 Arguments about identity fraud ...........................................................................13 Arguments about security risks .............................................................................14 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 16 ENDNOTES ......................................................................................................................17 Copyright -
Homophobia and Transphobia Illumination Project Curriculum
Homophobia and Transphobia Illumination Project Curriculum Andrew S. Forshee, Ph.D., Early Education & Family Studies Portland Community College Portland, Oregon INTRODUCTION Homophobia and transphobia are complicated topics that touch on core identity issues. Most people tend to conflate sexual orientation with gender identity, thus confusing two social distinctions. Understanding the differences between these concepts provides an opportunity to build personal knowledge, enhance skills in allyship, and effect positive social change. GROUND RULES (1015 minutes) Materials: chart paper, markers, tape. Due to the nature of the topic area, it is essential to develop ground rules for each student to follow. Ask students to offer some rules for participation in the postperformance workshop (i.e., what would help them participate to their fullest). Attempt to obtain a group consensus before adopting them as the official “social contract” of the group. Useful guidelines include the following (Bonner Curriculum, 2009; Hardiman, Jackson, & Griffin, 2007): Respect each viewpoint, opinion, and experience. Use “I” statements – avoid speaking in generalities. The conversations in the class are confidential (do not share information outside of class). Set own boundaries for sharing. Share air time. Listen respectfully. No blaming or scapegoating. Focus on own learning. Reference to PCC Student Rights and Responsibilities: http://www.pcc.edu/about/policy/studentrights/studentrights.pdf DEFINING THE CONCEPTS (see Appendix A for specific exercise) An active “toolkit” of terminology helps support the ongoing dialogue, questioning, and understanding about issues of homophobia and transphobia. Clear definitions also provide a context and platform for discussion. Homophobia: a psychological term originally developed by Weinberg (1973) to define an irrational hatred, anxiety, and or fear of homosexuality. -
Early History of the Concept of Autogynephilia
Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol. 34, No. 4, August 2005, pp. 439–446 (C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10508-005-4343-8 Early History of the Concept of Autogynephilia Ray Blanchard, Ph.D.1,2,3 Received August 4, 2004; revision received November 27, 2004; accepted November 27, 2004 Since the beginning of the last century, clinical observers have described the propensity of certain males to be erotically aroused by the thought or image of themselves as women. Because there was no specific term to denote this phenomenon, clinicians’ references to it were generally oblique or periphrastic. The closest available word was transvestism. The definition of transvestism accepted by the end of the twentieth century, however, did not just fail to capture the wide range of erotically arousing cross-gender behaviors and fantasies in which women’s garments per se play a small role or none at all; it actually directed attention away from them. The absence of an adequate terminology became acute in the writer’s research on the taxonomy of gender identity disorders in biological males. This had suggested that heterosexual, asexual, and bisexual transsexuals are more similar to each other—and to transvestites—than any of them is to the homosexual type, and that the common feature in transvestites and the three types of non-homosexual transsexuals is a history of erotic arousal in association with the thought or image of themselves as women. At the same time, the writer was becoming aware of male patients who are sexually aroused only by the idea of having a woman’s body and not at all by the idea of wearing women’s clothes. -
The Refugee Status Determination of Transgender Asylum- Seekers: a Queer Critique
GLOBAL MIGRATION RESEARCH PAPER N°24│2020 The Refugee Status Determination of Transgender Asylum- Seekers: a Queer Critique Irene Manganini Irene Manganini The Refugee Status Determination of Transgender Asylum-Seekers: a Queer Critique ISBN The Global Migration Research Paper Series – N° 978-2-8399-2956-1, 2020 The Global Migration Research Paper Series (ISSN 2296-9810) is published by the Global Migration Centre (GMC). Located in Geneva, the world capital of migration, the GMC offers a unique interface between academia and the international community. The GMC conducts advanced research, policy- relevant expertise and training on the causes, patterns and consequences of global migration.. Email: [email protected] Website: http://graduateinstitute.ch/globalmigration The views expressed in the Global Migration Research Paper Series are those of the author and do not represent the views of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. © Global Migration Centre Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies i Global Migration Research Paper – 2020 │N° 24 BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR Irene Manganini holds a Bachelor’s degree in International Sciences and Diplomacy from the University of Trieste and a Master’s degree in International Law from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies of Geneva. After having been an intern with IOM Croatia and a consultant with IOM Bosnia and Herzegovina, Irene is currently working on the Project Development Unit in IOM Bangladesh and assisting the COVID-19 Emergency Response project. She has also been a volunteer with different activist groups giving aid to migrants and refugees stranded along the Balkan route as well as legal assistant with the NGO European Lawyers in Lesvos. -
The Mainstreaming of Sex Workers' Rights As Human Rights
Fordham Law School FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History Faculty Scholarship 2020 The Mainstreaming of Sex Workers' Rights as Human Rights Chi Adanna Mgbako Fordham University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Chi Adanna Mgbako, The Mainstreaming of Sex Workers' Rights as Human Rights, 43 Harv. J. L. & Gender 92 (2020) Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/1092 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\jciprod01\productn\H\HLG\43-1\HLG103.txt unknown Seq: 1 29-JAN-20 12:48 THE MAINSTREAMING OF SEX WORKERS’ RIGHTS AS HUMAN RIGHTS CHI ADANNA MGBAKO* Introduction .................................................... 92 R I. History of the Sex Workers’ Rights Movement’s Framing of Sex Workers’ Rights as Human Rights ..................... 95 R A. 1960s and 70s: The Emergence of Collective Action for Sex Workers’ Rights.................................. 95 R B. 1980s and 90s: A Globalizing Movement Frames Sex Workers’ Rights as Human Rights in the Shadow of the HIV/AIDS Crisis..................................... 97 R C. 1990s – Present: A Diverse, Fully Globalized Movement Embraces Sex Workers’ Rights as Human Rights ....... 101 R II. The Sex Workers’ Rights Movement’s Human Rights Framing is a Rejection of Whorephobia, the Politics of Rescue, and Carceral Feminism ..................................... -
The Role of the United Nations in Combatting Discrimination and Violence Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People
The Role of the United Nations in Combatting Discrimination and Violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People A Programmatic Overview 19 June 2018 This paper provides a snapshot of the work of a number of United Nations entities in combatting discrimination and violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity, sex characteristics and related work in support of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and intersex communities around the world. It has been prepared by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on the basis of inputs provided by relevant UN entities, and is not intended to be either exhaustive or detailed. Given the evolving nature of UN work in this field, it is likely to benefit from regular updating1. The final section, below, includes a Contact List of focal points in each UN entity, as well as links and references to documents, reports and other materials that can be consulted for further information. Click to jump to: Joint UN statement, OHCHR, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO, the World Bank, IOM, UNAIDS (the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS), UNRISD and Joint UN initiatives. Joint UN statement Joint UN statement on Ending violence and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people: o On 29 September 2015, 12 UN entities (ILO, OHCHR, UNAIDS Secretariat, UNDP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, UN Women, WFP and WHO) released an unprecedented joint statement calling for an end to violence and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. o The statement is a powerful call to action to States and other stakeholders to do more to protect individuals from violence, torture and ill-treatment, repeal discriminatory laws and protect individuals from discrimination, and an expression of the commitment on the part of UN entities to support Member States to do so. -
Political Marketing in the Digital Era: Millennials’ Use of Social Media for Political Information and Its Effect on Voting Decisions
POLITICAL MARKETING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: MILLENNIALS’ USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR POLITICAL INFORMATION AND ITS EFFECT ON VOTING DECISIONS by THAO TON YEUSEUNG KIM, COMMUNICATION BRUCE NEWMAN, MARKETING Thesis submitted in partial completion of Senior Honors Capstone Requirements for the DePaul University Honors Program CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 2016 ABSTRACT Questions exist over the extent to which social media has affected presidential campaigns and whether social media will play as big a role in the 2016 U.S. presidential election as it did in the 2008 and 2012 U.S. presidential elections. This study examines (1) how social media use for political information influences millennials’ voting decision and (2) the role of social media political involvement in the relationship between political efficacy and offline (situational) political involvement. Millennials have surpassed Baby Boomers as the nation’s largest living generation; therefore, millennials are expected to have a huge influence in determining our politicians and the decisions they make over our rights. Results from a survey of 169 millennials indicate that social media use for political information does affect millennials’ voting decision in the 2016 presidential election. However, for certain candidates, political ideology is the stronger determinant in influencing voters’ decision. Furthermore, high social media political involvement is positively associated with higher political efficacy and offline political involvement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been completed without the guidance and support of several individuals. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Yeuseung Kim. Dr. Kim has guided me throughout this entire process with patience and endless support. Her insightful advice and comments on the questionnaire, data, methodologies, and analyses motivated me to work hard and complete the stages of this thesis to the best of my ability. -
Understanding the Market for Gender Confirmation Surgery in the Adult Transgender Community in the United States
Understanding the Market for Gender Confirmation Surgery in the Adult Transgender Community in the United States: Evolution of Treatment, Market Potential, and Unique Patient Characteristics The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Berhanu, Aaron Elias. 2016. Understanding the Market for Gender Confirmation Surgery in the Adult Transgender Community in the United States: Evolution of Treatment, Market Potential, and Unique Patient Characteristics. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard Medical School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40620231 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Scholarly Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the MD Degree at Harvard Medical School Date: 1 March 2016 Student Name: Aaron Elias Berhanu, B.S. Scholarly Report Title: UNDERSTANDING THE MARKET FOR GENDER CONFIRMATION SURGERY IN THE ADULT TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY IN THE UNITED STATES: EVOLUTION OF TREATMENT, MARKET POTENTIAL, AND UNIQUE PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS Mentor Name and Affiliation: Richard Bartlett MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Children’s Hospital of Boston Collaborators and Affiliations: None ! TITLE: Understanding the market for gender confirmation surgery in the adult transgender community in the United States: Evolution of treatment, market potential, and unique patient characteristics Aaron E Berhanu, Richard Bartlett Purpose: Estimate the size of the market for gender confirmation surgery and identify regions of the United States where the transgender population is underserved by surgical providers. -
Trans-Phobia and the Relational Production of Gender Elaine Craig
Hastings Women’s Law Journal Volume 18 Article 2 Number 2 Summer 2007 1-1-2007 Trans-Phobia and the Relational Production of Gender Elaine Craig Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hwlj Part of the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Elaine Craig, Trans-Phobia and the Relational Production of Gender, 18 Hastings Women's L.J. 137 (2007). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hwlj/vol18/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Women’s Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trans-Phobia and the Relational Production of Gender Elaine Craig* In 1431, Joan of Arc, a nineteen-year-old cross-dresser, was burned alive at the stake because she refused to stop dressing in men's clothing.' Nearly six centuries later, in 2002, Gwen Araujo, a seventeen-year-old male-to-female transsexual, was strangled to death by two men who later claimed what can be described as a "trans panic defense" because they hadn't realized that Gwen was biologically male before they had sex with her.2 Individuals who transgress gender norms are among the most despised, marginalized, and discriminated against members of many societies. 3 A deep seated fear of transgender individuals reveals itself in a plethora of contexts and across a wide spectrum of demographics. Perhaps most disturbingly, intolerance towards and discrimination against transgender individuals is found not only among the ranks of those whose gender offers them opportunity and privilege, but also among those whose own gender identity and expression has been a source of oppression and persecution. -
Media Reference Guide
media reference guide NINTH EDITION | AUGUST 2014 GLAAD MEDIA REFERENCE GUIDE / 1 GLAAD MEDIA CONTACTS National & Local News Media Sports Media [email protected] [email protected] Entertainment Media Religious Media [email protected] [email protected] Spanish-Language Media GLAAD Spokesperson Inquiries [email protected] [email protected] Transgender Media [email protected] glaad.org/mrg 2 / GLAAD MEDIA REFERENCE GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION FAIR, ACCURATE & INCLUSIVE 4 GLOSSARY OF TERMS / LANGUAGE LESBIAN / GAY / BISEXUAL 5 TERMS TO AVOID 9 TRANSGENDER 12 AP & NEW YORK TIMES STYLE 21 IN FOCUS COVERING THE BISEXUAL COMMUNITY 25 COVERING THE TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY 27 MARRIAGE 32 LGBT PARENTING 36 RELIGION & FAITH 40 HATE CRIMES 42 COVERING CRIMES WHEN THE ACCUSED IS LGBT 45 HIV, AIDS & THE LGBT COMMUNITY 47 “EX-GAYS” & “CONVERSION THERAPY” 46 LGBT PEOPLE IN SPORTS 51 DIRECTORY OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES 54 GLAAD MEDIA REFERENCE GUIDE / 3 INTRODUCTION Fair, Accurate & Inclusive Fair, accurate and inclusive news media coverage has played an important role in expanding public awareness and understanding of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) lives. However, many reporters, editors and producers continue to face challenges covering these issues in a complex, often rhetorically charged, climate. Media coverage of LGBT people has become increasingly multi-dimensional, reflecting both the diversity of our community and the growing visibility of our families and our relationships. As a result, reporting that remains mired in simplistic, predictable “pro-gay”/”anti-gay” dualisms does a disservice to readers seeking information on the diversity of opinion and experience within our community. Misinformation and misconceptions about our lives can be corrected when journalists diligently research the facts and expose the myths (such as pernicious claims that gay people are more likely to sexually abuse children) that often are used against us. -
Autogynephilia and the Typology of Male-To-Female Transsexualism
Special Issue: Controversial Issues in Human Sexuality Research: The State of the Science Original Articles and Reviews Autogynephilia and the Typology of Male-to-Female Transsexualism Concepts and Controversies Anne A. Lawrence Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, AB, Canada Abstract: Sexual scientists have recognized for over a century that biologic males who seek sex reassignment – male-to-female (MtF) transsexuals – are not a homogeneous clinical population but comprise two or more distinct subtypes with different symptoms and developmental trajectories. The most widely used typologies of MtF transsexualism have been based on sexual orientation and have distinguished between persons who are androphilic (exclusively sexually attracted to males) and those who are nonandrophilic (sexually attracted to females, both males and females, or neither gender). In 1989, psychologist Ray Blanchard proposed that most nonandrophilic MtF transsexuals display a paraphilic sexual orientation called autogynephilia, defined as the propensity to be sexually aroused by the thought or image of oneself as a woman. Studies conducted by Blanchard and colleagues provided empirical support for this proposal, leading to the hypothesis that almost all nonandrophilic MtF transsexuals are autogynephilic, whereas almost all androphilic MtF transsexuals are not. Blanchard’s ideas received increased attention in 2003 after they were discussed in a book by psychologist J. Michael Bailey. The concept of autogynephilia subsequently became intensely controversial