Hanan Mohamed New Technology in Education and Practice

New Technology in Nursing Education and Practice

Hanan Mohammed Mohammed Abdelmoneim *Assistant Professor of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University

1. Introduction: example, a mobile phone or hand-held The use of technology in nursing is computer applications resulting in a referral too earlier, in fact nurses have become or consultation appointment a remote capable of utilizing and familiarizing consultation between a patient and doctor complex technology into caring nursing using video conferencing patient started practice for years, at least since the time of interaction with practitioners local internet Florence Nightingale in the United Kingdom based support group with a chat room, blog and even past, when Jeanne Mance (1606- or social network for sharing information 1673) founded the first hospital in Montreal, with other users [6,7]. Canada in 1642 [1]. Various procedures of 1.2. Technology in nursing education machinery such as ventilators and Working with trajectories: The role of physiological monitors were first used in digital technology in higher education intensive and critical care settings, and are teaching and learning over the near term. now presently used in adapting form in less Working with trajectories is an admission acute areas, even in home care [2]. that we cannot predict the unexpected 1.1. e Health services factors and developments that might affect The use of information and the trajectory, quickening it or maybe communication technologies (ICTs) for derailing the trajectory entirely. Digital health, referred to as eHealth represents a technology is the very fabric of nearly means to support delivery. everything associated with teaching and These technologies change how nurses learning. A core trajectory of digital plan, deliver, document, and review clinical technology in higher education is the shift care; this will only continue as technology away from thinking of it as Information advances [3,4]. The process whereby nurses Technology (IT) infrastructure and toward receive and review diagnostic information, conceiving it as a digital learning make clinical decisions, communicate and engagement environment [8]. socialize with patients and their relatives, 1.3. Technology and its Impact on and implement clinical interventions will be Nursing Education fundamentally modified with further Nursing educators have to prepare integration of ICTs into nursing practice [5]. clinicians to promote health and increase There are many different forms that wellbeing, but the basics of nursing eHealth can take. It can involve: A education need to be redesigned in many telephone consultation between patient and countries as technology, science, and the a health care provider to triage symptoms, demands of the public for effective and deliver instruction, monitor vital signs and responsive health care, become more provide guidance on the use of medication complex. In some countries and regions telephone or text on health promotion nursing curricula are outdated, not preparing advice and management or appointment nurses for further practice. The technology reminders patient-submitted health has many benefits, but there are huge gaps information using a mobile device for in technology access and training in nurse

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education and health settings, and 2.3 Robotics challenges regarding the nature, cost, and Robotics can provide improved high turnover of technology used in diagnostic abilities; a less invasive and more teaching-learning spheres. Other challenges comfortable experience for the patient; and include understandings about how the ability to do smaller and more precise technology influences on the well being of interventions. In addition, robots can be patients, clinicians, learners, and educators. used as adjunct care providers for some Technological innovation and improved physical and mental health care provision globalization are closely interlinked, and [14]. nursing education has to respond in a 2.4 Less Invasive and More Accurate measured and carefully executed way, if it is Tools for Diagnosis to be relevant [9, 10]. There are several different types of less II. The Impact of Emerging Technology invasive meters being developed for on Nursing Care monitoring blood glucose. One of these There are many emerging technologies includes a sort of Nano-tattoo, and that will change the practice of nursing in Symphony CGM System. It was developed the coming decade. by a medical device company with expertise 2.1 Genetics and Genomics in advanced skin permeation technology [15]. Genetic testing is already being used for 2.5 Biometrics many reasons. Future applications of Biometrics is the automated recognition of genetics and genomics will transform the individuals based on their behavioral and health care system even further. By the year biological characteristics. It is a tool for 2020 the health care system will have establishing confidence that one is dealing transitioned from one which fixed people with individuals who are already known (or after they were sick with one of preventive, not known) and consequently that they diagnostic, genomic-based medicine where belong to a group with certain rights (or to a patients will be treated for conditions we group to be denied certain privileges) [16,17]. know they are likely to develop. Despite III. Impact of technology on nursing these concerns, there is no doubt that practice Geno-typing and genetic sequencing will Information and communication continue to significantly improve diagnostic technologies (ICTs) embody all digital and Interventional medicine. Gene therapy technologies that support the electronic is expected to make significant inroads in capture, storage, processing, and exchange curing cancer and preventing birth defects of information in order to promote health, within the next two decades [11,12]. prevent illness, treat disease, manage 2.2 Dimensional (3D) Printing chronic illness, and so on. In the health Bioprinters, using a "bio-ink" made of sector ICTs refers to a set of projects or living cell mixtures can build a 3D structure services that allow for remote nursing care of cells, layer by layer, to form human tissue (Tele-health), interdisciplinary clinical and eventually human organs for support, as well as knowledge transfer [18]. replacement [8]. Healthcare is just IV. Technologies that changed nursing beginning to explore the limits of this forever technology. There are limits to the materials 4.1 Electronic IV monitors which can be used for printing and materials Drip detects sensor as introtek‟s optical science is a laggard in 3D printing [13]. technology, non-invasive designed sensor

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measures the instantaneous drip rate by ventricular tachycardia. Scientific evidence accurately outputting a pulse for each drop to support early defibrillation is of liquid, the drip detects sensor is designed overwhelming, being delayed from collapse to be utilized as a technique for monitoring to delivery of the first shock the single most media flow rate during patient Iv infusion. important determinant of survival. If The sensor can be used to enhance and defibrillation is delivered promptly, survival improve processes in the following rates as high as 75% have been reported. applications. The chance of a favorable outcome decline  IV infusion administration at a rate of about 10% for each minute system cardiac defibrillation is delayed [22].  Liquid dispensing 4.5 Sturdy, portable IT devices  Pharmaceutical manufacturing Tablet computers and mobile wireless  Clinical laboratory [19]. computer stations are now a standard part 4.2 The Sphygmomanometer of the day-to-day methods of delivering care The accurate measurement and to patients. Charts are updated control of blood pressure are key elements continuously, in real time, providing nurses in the prevention of cardiovascular disease with immediate access to essential patient and stroke. Mercury Sphygmomanometers, information. first developed over 100 years ago and 4.6 Readily accessible base of largely unchanged since, are used in both information hospital and ambulatory settings. They have Wireless Internet connections quickly been considered the gold standard‟ blood make reference materials available. This pressure measuring devices from which can prove very helpful for diagnosis, treatment guidelines are developed [20]. especially when using a resource like 4.3 Information management WebMD. The health information management 4.7 The sonogram/ultrasound (HIM) profession is dedicated to the Ultrasound devices provide nurses effective management of the patient working with pregnant patients the ability to information and health care data needed to see inside the womb. Ultrasound has been deliver quality treatment and care to the nothing short of revolutionary in the field of public. The basic duties of the professional Women’s Health and pregnancy, allowing continue to evolve over time, as patient nurses and doctors to noninvasively identify records become less paper-based and the health of the baby throughout increasingly electronic. HIM professionals pregnancy. Now, with the advent of 4-D play a critical role in the successful ultrasound, unprecedented detail is implementation of electronic health records available for diagnosing fetal well-being. In and ensure that providers, healthcare addition to pregnancy monitoring, sonogram organizations and patients have access to technology also offers many other new the right health information when and where diagnostic advances such as the ability to it is needed while maintaining the highest easily identify cancer tumors in the bladder, standards of confidentiality and security [21]. and to tell whether the liver is enlarged. 4.4 The portable defibrillator 4.8. Patient remote monitoring Electrical defibrillation is the only In addition to high-tech and ultra- effective therapy for cardiac arrest caused sensitive vital signs monitoring equipment, by ventricular fibrillation or pulseless web cams and other technologies make the close monitoring of multiple patients much

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easier, changing how environments are and the role of the nurse. The Internet staffed and operated. allows nurses to share their experiences 4.9 Compact, portable medical devices and feelings. As technology transforms the Combined with portable IT and profession, nurses adapt and change as communication equipment, these small, well. The big question is: What will the rest high-tech types of devices allow well- of the twenty-first century bring? equipped nurses to take their skills on the V. Nursing and implementation of road. They can travel to patients’ homes modern technology and treat conditions that once had to be The application of modern technologies is treated on an in-patient basis. an essential factor required for the 4.10 Neo-natal nursing advancement advancement of nursing. New, more affordable portable devices Health care itself and continuous monitoring for the care of tinier and more health of patients requires use of the information- compromised babies. communication system. However, the 4.11 Drug management technologies information -communication system is High-tech systems of medication essential for efficient implementation of retrieval and delivery, such as bar coding and effective and verification, have greatly reduced the providing of health care [23]. Information potential for dangerous error. Infusion technology in health care involves the equipment advances have made the processing and application of information delivery of slow-administer drugs much and easier access to the patient‟s history of easier, with computerized machines able to care. Data entry, data conversion into useful control dosages and rates. information, and the application of data 4.12 Configurable nursing affecting the health care system are the environments factors included in this process. Nurses who Configurable work spaces increase provide direct health care are among other efficiency and safety, reduces stress, and specialists, registered nurses with advanced prevents accidents and injuries. practice, coordinators of care, visiting 4.13 Learning technologies nurses, and health promoters and so on. In The availability of individual and off-site short, they are everywhere where nurses learning opportunities and degree work [24,25]. programs, via specialized software and VI. Informatics and technology in online classes, allows for more rapid career professional nursing practice advancement. Technology has increased rapidly 4.14 Video conferencing over the past four decades, and has The ability to interact with nursing become an integral part of health care. professionals throughout the world, through Nurses have participated in the purchase, such means as video conferencing, offers design, and implementation of information advantages and opportunities like never technology in health care. The knowledge before, both in terms of the further required for the field of nursing informatics development of the nursing profession and has expanded and it is now a recognized the continued improvement in patient care specialty in the profession. Nursing outcomes. informatics are considered both a science 4.15 The blogosphere and a system, including process and data. Medical technologies have brought The term “nursing informatics” was initially changes to the process of life and death seen in literature in the 1980s, including a

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definition of combining nursing, information, document nursing records using a data and computer sciences for managing and model, such as a detailed clinical model processing data into knowledge for using in (DCM) [27]. As the use of information nursing practice [26]. Since the digitization of technology in healthcare increases, the nursing records began in the late 1980s, a demand for healthcare professionals vast amount of data has been accumulated equipped with the necessary knowledge and in electronic nursing records (ENR) skills for utilizing and managing information systems, and there has been a heightened also increases (Figure1,2,) [28,29,30,31]. interest in collecting, sharing, and reusing patient information generated during nursing care. To effectively share and reuse data of ENR systems, ensuring semantic interoperability is a key factor. To ensure full semantic interoperability, one approach is to

Figure (1)

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Hanan Mohamed New Technology in Nursing Education and Practice

Figure (2)

VII. Conclusion education and health settings, and The use of technologies in nursing is challenges regarding the nature, cost, and not recent, these technologies change how high turnover of technology used in nurses plan, deliver, document, and review teaching-learning spheres. To prepare clinical care; this will only continue as nurses for the challenge of the complex, technology advances. The technology has dynamic healthcare environment, the faculty many benefits, but there are huge gaps in envisioned curricula infused with technology access and training in nurse technological innovations.

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