189 Valentin Stansel – Um Observador Tcheco Do Céu

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

189 Valentin Stansel – Um Observador Tcheco Do Céu IBERO-AMERICANA PRAGENSIA – AÑO XLI – 2007 – PP. 189–204 VA LENTIN STANSEL – UM OBSERVADOR TCHECO DO CÉU BRASILEIRO por PAVEL ŠTĚPÁNEK (Universidade de Olomouc) Depois dos esboços biográficos e intelectuais do Mas quem é Valentim Stansel (1621–1705)? jesuíta tcheco, Valentin Stansel, da autoria do Um tcheco, nascido na terra da Moravia, quem investigador brasileiro, Carlos Ziller Camenietzki, entrou na Companhia de Jesus em Praga e, desde pouco pode agregar-se à biografia do missionário. cedo, dedicou-se ao estudo das matemáticas e da Por esta razão, praticamente, transcrevo um pe- filosofia natural (o que hoje se chama de física). queno resumo do texto de Camenietzki, com Temos um testemunho documental de que fala- o amável beneplácito do autor1 e agrego umas ob- va a língua moravia (tcheca), alemãoelatim.2 servações próprias, e a mais, da literatura tcheca, Sempre quis ser missionário. Em 1656 ele partiu inacessível aos pesquisadores brasileiros. da Boêmia para Roma, depois para Lisboa. Per- 1 Carlos Ziller Camenietzki permitiu aproveitar Peregrinações Celestes de Valentin Stansel”. os resultados do seu trabalho, no seu e-mail do In: XX Simpósio Nacional de História: Histó- dia 6. 7. 2006: “Quanto às referências, é com ria; Fronteiras, 1999, Florianópolis. Programas muito prazer que soube de seu interesse e da e Resumos. Florianópolis, 1999, pp. 274–274. – utilidade de meus escritos para o seu trabalho C. Z. Camenietzki, “Astronomia, Teologia e (…) dar-me-á imensa satisfação ver o resulta- e Ficção no Diálogo Uranophilus Caelestis do de seus esforços”. Aproveito nominalmente Peregrinus de Valentin Stansel”. In: V Con- o seu artigo Carlos Ziller Camenietzki, “Esboço gresso Latino-Americano de História das biográfico de Valentin Stansel, (1621–1705), Ciências e da Tecnologia, 1998, Rio de Janei- matemático jesuíta e missionário na Bahia”, ro. Resumos. Rio de Janeiro, 1998. p. 62. – Ideação, Feira de Santana, n. 3, pp. 159–182, C. Z. Camenietzki, “Le Savant Etonne: La jan./jun. 1999, na versão publicada em Pensée de Valentin Stansel SJ (1621–1705), http://www.uefs.br/nef/ziller3.pdf. Outra versão, Missionnaire Au Brésil”. In: XXth Internatio- “Nos céus do Brasil./ Estudos sobre cometas nal Congress of History of Science, 1997, Liège. feitos por jesuíta na Bahia colonial chamaram Book of Abstracts – Scientific Sections. Liège, a atenção de Isaac Newton”. – C. Z. Came- 1997, p. 118. – Carlos Ziller-Camenietzki, nietzki, “O Cometa, o Pregador e o Cientista. “L’Extase Interplanétaire d’Athanasius Kir- Antonio Vieira e Valentin Stansel observam cher: Philosophie, Cosmologia et Discipline o céu da Bahia no século XVII”. Revista da dans la Compagnie de Jésus au XVIIe siècle”. Sociedade Brasileira de História da Ciência, Nuncius, X, 1995, pp. 3–32. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 14, pp. 37–52, 1995. – 2 Josef Koláček, Olomoučtí indipetae (Os indi- C. Z. Camenietzki, “Baroque Science between petae de Olomouc). Roma 1993, p. 8. O jesuí- the Old and the New World: father Kircher and ta tcheco Josef Koláček residente em Roma his Colleague Valentin Stansel (1621–1705)”. escreveu uma série de livros sobre os jesuítas In: Paula Findlen (Org.). Athanasius Kircher: tchecos, de forma novelizada, mais sobre The Last Man Who Knew Everything. New York: documentos estudados nos arquivos jesuítas Routledge, 2004. vol. číslo?, pp. 311–328. – em Roma e em outros lugares. Valentim Stan- C. Z. Camenietzki, “The celestial pilgrimages sel foi um deles, no trabalho que recolhe infor- of Valentin Stansel (1621–1705), jesuit astro- mações sobre três dos jesuítas que atuaram em nomer and missionary in Brazil”. In: Morde- Olomouc. Com anterioridade, Zdeněk Kalista, chai Feingold (Org.). Archimedes. The New “Los misioneros de los países checos que en Science and Jesuit Science: seventeenth centu- los siglos XVII y XVIII actuaban en América ry perspectives. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2003, Latina”. Ibero-Americana Pragensia, Año II vol. 6, pp. 249–270. – C. Z. Camenietzki, “As 1968, pp. 117–160, escreveu sobre ele, e espe- 189 maneceu em Portugal até 1663, mudando logo Então, quando os jesuítas voltaram ao seu para o Brasil onde ficou até a sua morte. Seus lugar (em Praga ao Clementinum que se trans- numerosos escritos de ciência tratam de temas formou numa fortaleza jesuíta durante mais de importantes do seu tempo e, particularmente, dois séculos), acabaram por se ocupar da Uni- aqueles escritos na Bahia tiveram boa repercus- versidade de Praga, de onde surgiram as lutas são entre os sábios do século XVII. Stansel es- contra os protestantes, agora sumidos, mas tam- creveu um número expressivo de obras de filo- bém contra outras diferentes visões da reforma sofia natural e de astronomia. Apenas sete foram católica, como a do Cardeal Harrach.6 publicados durante sua vida3. Os demais acaba- Da mesma maneira como retomaram os seus ram censurados pela própria Companhia ou per- colégios, confiscados temporariamente pelos didos depois da expulsão da Companhia de protestantes, os reconstruiram e edificaram Jesus dos domínios da Coroa de Portugal, em 1759, o que acabou por dispersar os papéis do padre astrônomo – manuscritos, correspondên- cia, etc. Com isso, foi-se também parte signifi- cialmente do seu livro Legatus Uranicus, na cativa da memória de seus estudos, e suas ativi- p. 134. Finalmente, o estudo mais aprofunda- dades acabaram por cair no esquecimento. do foi o artigo de Simona Binková, “Os países tchecos e a zona lusitana (Contactos e teste- O pensamento do padre Valentin era profun- munhos dos séculos XV–XVIII)”, Ibero-Ame- damente marcado pelo ecletismo típico de seu ricana Pragensia XXI, 1987, pp. 137–160, tempo e suas idéias não se afastavam das princi- que, nas pp. 157–158 traz um fragmento da pais questões discutidas pelos homens de ciência descrição do Brasil por este jesuíta de Olo- ç mouc, em língua latina. Outro trabalho que do século XVII, mas as suas observa ões deram localiza duas obras de Stansel é de Simona resultados notáveis que aproveitou o grande Binková, “El descubrimiento y la conquista sábio inglês Newton. Segundo uma opinião de América en la Biblioteca de Strahov”, generalizada, os únicos experimentos ocorridos Ibero-Americana Pragensia XXVII, 1993, pp. 89–105, p. 104. no Brasil a serem citados em uma das obras mais 3 O que é muito mais do que afirma Camenietz- importantes da História da Ciência, os Principia, ki (três). A lista completa oferece Koláček, são, modernamente, a expedição de Couplet e as ob. cit., no total dez trabalhos, trêsnão publi- observações realizadas pelo padre Valentim cados, mas documentados. Um dos primeiros impulsos para mim foi a conferência, no semi- Stansel (Stanzel), na Bahia, na segunda metade nário do prof. Polišenský, no dia 5. 4. 1988, de do século XVII.4 J. Vít, “As observações astronômicas de Começando pelo próprio país de nascimento V. Stansel no Brasil”. de Stansel, há de dizer que o Reino da Boêmia era 4 “Notas da História da física no Brasil”. Física ã na escola, vol. 4, 2003, nr. 2, p. 33. A mate- também uma terra de miss o desde, praticamente, mática também interessou. Veja: “História da a metade do século XVI, concretamente desde matemática na Bahia: uma ‘curiosidade’?”, 1556, quando chegaram os primeiros jesuítas5. Os Valentin Stansel. In: Congresso Latino-Ame- protestantes lhes fizeram fugir de Praga em 1618, ricano… “Esboço biográfico de Valentin Stansel (1621–1705), matemático jesuíta”: mas voltaram e outra vez se estabeleceram na www.uefs.br/sitientibus/exatas_23/historia_da_ terra depois do ano 1620, data da vitória dos cató- matematica_na_bahia.pdf –. Sobre as obser- ĺicos imperiais, na Batalha da Montanha Branca, vações de Coulet na Paraíba em 1698, veja perto de Praga. Durante toda a primeira e ainda http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/CVC/ciencia Pe56/html. a segunda metade do século XVII, se dedicaram 5 Na Morávia, dez anos mais tarde, quando à educação, prática com tanto êxito já na primei- os jesuítas fundaram a Universidade de Olo- ra etapa, até atrair alunos de famílias protestantes. mouc – o seu primeiro reitor era um espa- Para Praga convergiram muitos missionários nhol, Hurtado de Mendoza. Veja o artigo Pavel Štěpánek, “Španělské základy olomouc- e intelectuais de toda Europa, até ingleses, irlan- ké univerzity”. In: Historická Olomouc 11 deses, flamencos, mas de formação romana, ita- (1998), pp. 45–64. liana, e também de outras ordens – capuchinos, 6 O boemista italiano Alessandro Catalano pu- franciscanos, carmelitas, etc., com a explícita blicou, depois de vários estudos, o seu livro ê â sobre o cardeal e sobre os planos deste – veja incumb ncia de enquadrar todo o reino nos c no- Alessandro Catalano, La Boemia e la ricon- nes da igreja católica, apostólica e romana. Os quista delle coscienze. Ernst Adalbert von Har- inacianos em primeiro lugar, e com o empenho rach e la Controriforma in Europa centrale e os resultados habituais. (1620–1667), Roma 2005. 190 outros, também formaram a linha de frente da ner, Athanasius Kircher, Giovanni Battista retomada da Boêmia à igreja católica na luta Riccioli, François Aguillon entre outros) já pela religião, como era natural no período da demonstrara a solidez dos conhecimentos mate- Contra-Reforma. Se puseram, de acordo com os máticos dos jesuítas. Entre os tchecos foi o padre seus hábitos, a buscar e a seguir nas instituições Carlos Slavíček10, ativo na corte de Pekim. de ensino da Ordem a reflexão filosófica do que Certamente, quando Valentin estudou em de mais avançado se poderia ter na época. Olomouc e em Praga, mas também quando pas- Em particular, os jesuítas se esmeravam nas sou a lecionar nestas cidades, os livros mais usa- ciências matemáticas; assim surgiu em Praga dos nos colégios jesuítas deveriam ser os uma escola matemática de tal fama, que alguns Comentários de Clavius, Euclides e de Sacro- dos professores foram chamados até à Espanha, bosco, o Progymnasta de Tycho Brahe, etc.
Recommended publications
  • Early Modern “Citation Index”? Medical Authorities in Academic Treatises on Plague (1480–1725)
    Prague Medical Report / Vol. 113 (2012) No. 2, p. 119–135 119) Early Modern “Citation Index”? Medical Authorities in Academic Treatises on Plague (1480–1725) Černý K. Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Received September 12, 2011; Accepted April 11, 2012. Key words: Citation index – Sociometrics – Plague – Early modern era – History of medicine Abstract: The paper deals with the problem of early modern scientific citations. It attempts to establish a measure of scientific popularity in a specific area of the academic medicine in a way which resembles a modern evaluation of scientific activity (citation index). For this purpose an analysis of a series of plague treatises written between 1480 and 1725 in Europe was conducted. Citations for various historical medical authorities (Hippocrates, Galen, etc.) are given in Tables which reflect a long time development of popularity. The authorities from various groups (Ancient, Medieval, Arabic, Early Modern) are linked together, and “generic authorities” are explained and discussed. Mailing Address: Mgr. Karel Černý, PhD., Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 4, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] © Charles University in Prague – Karolinum Press, Prague 2012 120) Prague Medical Report / Vol. 113 (2012) No. 2, p. 119–135 Introduction The paper deals with a historical analysis of citation practice among the early modern medical authors. Specifically with those who wrote treatises on plague between 1480 and 1725. The goal is to illustrate changes in citation practice from a long established methodological point of view called in historiography by the French term longue durée.
    [Show full text]
  • Benjamin Whorf Was a Man with Many In- Terests, Including Botany, Astrology, Ciphers, Mexican History, Mayan Archaeology, Photo- Graphy and Linguistics
    Parrot Time The Thinking of Speaking Issue #3 May/June 2013 VVooyynniicchh MMaannuussccrriipptt HHoollii CCeelleebbrraattiioonnss TThhrroouugghhoouutt IInnddiiaa BBeennjjaammiinn WWhhoorrff aanndd tthhee RReellaattiivviittyy ooff LLaanngguuaaggee LLaanngguuaaggeess IInn PPeerriill KKaasshhuubbiiaann,, RRuussyynn LLaanngguuaaggee LLeeaarrnniinngg and Silesian TThhrroouugghh CCllaasssseess and Silesian AA LLaanngguuaaggee DDrreeaamm LLooookk bbeeyyoonndd wwhhaatt yyoouu kknnooww Parrot Time is your connection to languages, linguistics and culture from the Parleremo community. Expand your understanding. Never miss an issue. Contents Parrot Time Parrot Time is a magazine covering language, linguistics Features and culture of the world around us. 06 The Voynich Manuscript - Cryptic Codex It is published by Scriveremo Publishing, a division of This medieval book contains bizarre illustrations and a Parleremo, the language learning mysterious script which no one has been able to translate. Is it community. a fantastical look at the world around us, or some bizarre hoax? Join Parleremo today. Learn a language, make friends, have fun. 1 4 Benjamin Whorf - Relativity of Language Whorf took a very unconventional approach to studying lin- guistics, both in the manner in which he started and the views he took. His work extended into several fields and he pursued everything with a fierce passion for answers to the world. Editor: Erik Zidowecki Email: [email protected] 39 A Language Dream Published by Scriveremo Publish- A guest writer tells us about a language dream he had one ing, a division of Parleremo. night. This issue is available online from http://www.parrottime.com The editor reserves the right to 40 Revisited - Words From National Character edit all material submitted. Views There are many words that we have adopted into English expressed in Parrot Time are not necessarily the official views of regarding other people's of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Nvncio Sidereo Iii 4
    D IS SERTATIO CVM NVNCIO SIDEREO III 4 PRAGAE MMVI 17. VIII. SERIES TERTIA Today's invited discourse at 6:15 p.m. in the Congress Hall Zdeněk Švestka – 40 years as an editor of Solar Physics Address of František Fárník at the yesterday’s celebratory lunch DISCOURSE The magnetic fi eld and its effects on the solar Ladies and gentlemen, dear colleagues, atmosphere in high resolution I was honored by the suggestion of Lídia to say a few words about Zdeněk during INVITED Alan Title, Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research this occasion, focusing on his contribution to solar physics in general. It is a pleasure S ' in the fi rst place but, at the same time, a very diffi cult task for me. I am sure that To resolve the effects of the magnetic fi eld it is necessary to image the interior and speaking about Zdeněk’s scientifi c work for a group of solar physicists is like “carrying TODAY measure its rotation and fl ow systems; track the responses of the magnetic fi elds to fl ows in the surface; and to follow the coals to Newcastle”. Therefore, allow me to be brief about science and to add some personal reminiscences too. Because I am one generation younger, I came to our OF evolution of structures in the corona. Because the Sun is dynamic, both high spatial and temporal resolution are essential. Since the Sun’s magnetic fi eld effects encompass the entire spherical exterior, the entire surface and outer atmosphere Institute in Ondřejov after Zdeněk had to emigrate in 1971 and that’s why we met for must be mapped.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Republic
    Coor din ates: 4 9 °4 5 ′N 1 5 °3 0′E Czech Republic [10] The Czech Republic (/ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen); Czech: [11] Czech Republic Česká republika [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka] ( listen)), known alternatively by its short-form name, Česká republika (Czech) [12] Czechia (/ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen); Czech: Česko [ˈtʃɛsko] ( listen)), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.[13] The Czech Republic covers an Flag area of 7 8,866 square kilometres (30,450 sq mi) Greater coat of arms with a mostly temperate continental climate and Motto: "Pravda vítězí" (Czech) oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary "Truth prevails" republic, with 10.6 million inhabitants; its capital Anthem: and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million residents. Kde domov můj (Czech) Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava and Pilsen. The Where is my home Czech Republic is a member of the European Union 0:00 MENU (EU), NATO, the OECD, the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe. It is a developed country [14] with an advanced,[15] high income[16] export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation. The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development.[17] The Czech Republic is a welfare state with a "continental" European social model, a universal health care system and tuition-free university education. It ranks as the 6th safest or most peaceful country and Location of the Czech Republic (dark green) is one of the most non-religious countries in the – in Europe (green & dark grey) world,[18] while achieving strong performance in – in the European Union (green) – [Legend] democratic governance.
    [Show full text]
  • Dare to Look Around…
    FREE OF CHARGE Tourist Magazine No.2, June 2008 www.kampocesku.cz Dare to Look Around… The Queen of the České Středohoří Tracing Celts Holiday with a Cat "26"1"3, "--6/%&30/&300' +&f5¦%LN $0/(3&44$&/53& 8&--/&44$&/53& 5)&-"3(&45$07&3&% &/5&35"*/.&/5 40$*"- "/%)05&-$0.1-&9 3&45"63"/54"/%$"5&3*/( */5)&$;&$)3&16#-*$ #08-*/( "26"1"3,p-6/"1"3,pJ21"3,p-"#:3*/5) )05&- p$0/(3&44$&/53&p$"4*/0 8&--/&44p'*5/&44p#08-*/( */$&/5*7&p5&".#6*-%*/(130(3".4 $0.1-&95063*454&37*$&4 4"6/",-6#"'3*,"/" *40p)03&," "26"1"3, #%.425-"!"9,/. AS .ITRANSKº ,IBEREC #: '03kkkkk. kkk% kkk% TEL FAXFAX EMAIL EMAILTOURISTSERTOURISTSERVICEVICECENTRUMBABYLONCZ XXX#BCZMPO-JCFSFDD[XXX#BCZMPO-JCFSFDD[ /FX )05&- #"#:-0/#"#:-0/ W@?0A: -6/"1"3, }bS\a]TW\bS`OQbWdSSfVWPWba T`][OZZa]`ba]TVc[O\ZWTS }8RSOZQ][PW\ObW]\]TUO[Sa8RSOZQ][PW\ObW]\]TUO[Sa S\bS`bOW\[S\bO\RZSO`\W\UT]`OZZS\bS`bOW\[S\bO\RZSO`\W\UT]`OZZ 88&--/&44$&/53&--/&44$&/53& J21"3, }C4BCH>DA>A84=C0C8>=B4=248=<8AA>A 2AHBC0;0=3<8BC4A8>DB<0I4 }4=9>HC74A0<1;40=31;06D48=0CA02C8E4 BDAA>D=38=6BF8C7<0682;867CB0=3B>D=3 J21"3, -"#:3*/5) Dear Readers, Having looked outside of the window In this Issue I have to say that spring is slowly passing and summer is undertaking EYE in Focus the rule. The temperature is higher and higher, the Sun is almost already Holiday with a Cat 2 burning.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech Republic
    Czech Republic This article is about the European country. For other expelled after the war and thus the country lost its size- uses, see Czech Republic (disambiguation). able minority and its bilingual character. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections. Fol- The Czech Republic ( i/ˈtʃɛk rɨˈpʌblɪk/ CHEK-rə-PUB- lowing the 1948 coup d'état, Czechoslovakia became a single-party communist state under Soviet influence. In lik;[10] Czech: Česká republika [ˈtʃɛskaː͡ ˈrɛpuˌblɪka]), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by 1968, increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culmi- nated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring, Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The capital and largest which ended in a Soviet-led invasion. Czechoslovakia re- city, Prague, has over 1.2 million residents. The Czech mained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, the communist regime collapsed and a multiparty par- Moravia, and Czech Silesia. liamentary republic was formed. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved, with its constituent The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as states becoming the independent states of the Czech Re- the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Em- public and Slovakia. pire. After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of [13] power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the The Czech Republic is a developed country with an advanced,[14] high income economy[15] and high living Přemyslids. In 1004, the duchy was formally recognized [16][17][18] [11][12] standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Slánské Rozhovory 2004, Čechy a Španělsko
    SLÁNSKÉ ROZHOVORY 2004 panělsko filosofie dějiny umění teologie literatura KRÁLOVSKÉ MĚSTO SLANÝ 2005 OObálka_Spanelsko.inddbálka_Spanelsko.indd 1 220.6.20050.6.2005 111:28:121:28:12 SLÁNSKÉ ROZHOVORY 2004 panělsko filosofie dějiny umění teologie literatura KRÁLOVSKÉ MĚSTO SLANÝ 2005 OObálka_Spanelsko.inddbálka_Spanelsko.indd 1 220.6.20050.6.2005 111:28:121:28:12 Slánské rozhovory 2004, Španělsko sborník příspěvků ke kolokviu Slánské rozhovory 2004 – Španělsko a Čechy které proběhlo 22. října 2004 v ambitu kláštera bosých karmelitánů ve Slaném, vydalo Město Slaný v roce 2005 Příspěvky uspořádali a sborník sestavili © Dana a Vladimír Přibylovi, 2005 Z písma Jannon Text Moderne a John Sans z 1. střešovické písmolijny vysázel © Vladimír Přibyl, 2005 Návrh a grafická úprava obálky © Ivo Horňák, 2005 V nákladu 600 kusů vytiskla v roce 2005 Tiskárna KOČKA, Slaný Město Slaný, Velvarská 136, 274 53 Slaný http://pamatky.meuslany.cz/index.htm KRÁLOVSKÉ MĚSTO SLANÝ OObálka_Spanelsko.inddbálka_Spanelsko.indd 2 220.6.20050.6.2005 110:29:310:29:31 SLÁNSKÉ ROZHOVORY 2004 panělsko filosofie dějiny umění teologie literatura KRÁLOVSKÉ MĚSTO SLANÝ 2005 OObálka_Spanelsko.inddbálka_Spanelsko.indd 4 220.6.20050.6.2005 110:29:380:29:38 OBSAH Úvodní slovo starosty královského města Slaného Ivo Rubíka…5 Úvodní slovo španělského řeholníka Juana Provecha OSA…6 Pavel Vojtěch Kohut OCD Tereziánský Karmel a evropská kultura…7 Sborník je věnován památce českého teologa Jaroslava Kašparová a filosofa Karla Vrány (* 1925, † 2004). Španělská karmelitánská literatura v originálech i překladech a český čtenář 16.–18. století…11 Lenka Zajícová Vliv židovské mystiky v díle svaté Terezie z Ávily…21 Alexandra Berendová Juan de Palafox y Mendoza: mystika v Novém světě…28 Tomáš Machula Španělsko-český filosof a teolog Rodrigo de Arriaga…32 David Svoboda Ludvík Molina a Dominik Bañez Boží předurčení a svoboda rozhodování…34 Daniel Heider F.
    [Show full text]
  • Radek Chalupaa, B a Karel Nesměrákc ANALYTICKÁ CHEMIE NA UNIVERZITĚ KARLOVĚ PŘED ROKEM 1920
    Chem. Listy 114, 17−25 (2020) Referát ANALYTICKÁ CHEMIE NA UNIVERZITĚ KARLOVĚ PŘED ROKEM 1920 Věnováno 100. výročí založení Přírodovědecké fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. Radek Chalupaa, b a Karel Nesměrákc této nejstarší vysokoškolské instituce u nás přirozeně bě- hem jejího staletého vývoje několikrát měnil. a Katedra učitelství a didaktiky chemie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Praha 2, 2. Nejstarší období b RCC Europe, Václavské nám. 66, 110 00 Praha 1, c Katedra analytické chemie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Uni- Přestože chemické procesy lidé využívali a studovali verzita Karlova, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Praha 2 od nepaměti, konstituce chemie do samostatné vědní disci- [email protected] plíny a její uvedení do univerzitní výuky spadá až do ob- dobí 17. a 18. století. Už před tím byly ovšem chemické Došlo 7.10.19, přijato 4.11.19. poznatky na univerzitě vyučovány nepřímo, především v rámci filozofické (artistické) a lékařské fakulty. V nejstarším období, po založení Univerzity Karlovy, Klíčová slova: analytická chemie, dějiny vědy, didaktika, se na její filosofické fakultě posluchači setkávali s (proto‑) historie chemickými teoriemi podstaty hmotného světa zejména v přírodovědných dílech Plinia staršího, Aristotela nebo sv. Alberta Velikého6,7. Na fakultě lékařské, jejíž návštěva Obsah byla podmíněna absolutoriem filozofické fakulty, se poslu- chači seznamovali s chemií rovněž nepřímo, prostřednic- 1. Úvod tvím děl Galenových a Avicenových8. S velmi jednodu- 2. Nejstarší období chou (dnešními pojmy optickou a senzorickou) analýzou 3. Lékařská fakulta a chemie se kandidáti lékařství seznamovali prostřednictvím urosko- 4. Filozofická fakulta a chemie pie, jedné z hlavních diagnostických metod středověké 5. Závěr medicíny, při níž byla nemoc určována na základě barvy, vůně a sraženiny v moči pacienta9.
    [Show full text]
  • Výroční Zpráva FCHT 2008
    2 Content Page Introduction 4 1. Structure of the Faculty Bodies 5 1.1 Faculty Management 5 1.2 Departments and Institutes of the Faculty 6 1.3 Academic Senate of FChT 7 1.4 Scientific Board of FChT 8 1.5 Study Programme Board 10 1.6 Advisory Bodies of the Faculty Management 11 2. Study and Educational Activity 12 2.1 Full-time and Part-time Study Programmes (Fields of Study) 12 2.2 Numbers of Students in Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programmes 13 2.3 Newly Admitted Students 17 2.4 Numbers of Graduates from Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programmes 24 2.5 Credit System 33 2.6 Lifelong Learning 33 2.7 University Textbooks Issued at FChT in 2019 34 3. Research and Development 35 3.1 Scientific and Research Focus of Departments and Institutes 35 3.2 Involvement in Research and Development Programmes 57 3.3 Publication Activity 60 3.4 Scientific Events and Conferences 62 4. Practical Cooperation 65 4.1 Practical Cooperation in Education 65 4.2 Practical Cooperation in Science and Research 66 5. International Cooperation 69 5.1 International Cooperation in Education 69 5.2 International Cooperation in Research and Development 71 6. Projects and Grants Implemented at FChT 75 6.1 GA CR, TA CR, IDC and Other Departmental Projects 75 6.2 European Research Council (ERC) Project 81 6.3 Involvement in Other Projects under EU Framework Project 81 7. Academic Staff 82 8. Quality and Culture of Academic Life 85 9. Activities of the Faculty and Other Affiliates 88 9.1 Publishing 88 9.2 Service Departments at FChT 88 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan Amos Komenský a Síť Českých Vzdělanců
    UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra historie Skopal Jan Problematika světla v kultuře sedmnáctého století: Jan Amos Komenský a síť českých vzdělanců Bakalářská práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Martin Elbel, M.A., Ph.D. Olomouc 2017 Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedené bibliografické a elektronické zdroje. Olomouc 3. května 2017 podpis ‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒ Poděkování Tímto bych chtěl poděkoval Mgr. Martinu Elbelovi, M.A., Ph.D. za četné podněty, které mi poskytl při tvorbě práce. Za ochotu ke konzultaci a doporučení literatury bych rád vyjádřil svůj vděk Doc. PhDr. Tomáši Nejeschlebovi, Ph.D., PhDr. Jozefu Matulovi, Ph.D. a Mgr. Janu Čížkovi, Ph.D. Obsah 1. Úvod ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2. „Společenství vzdělanců“ a jeho působení v českých zemích 17. století ............................ 9 2.1. Nástin učenecké společnosti v českých zemích 17. století ......................................... 12 2.2. Kontakty pražského učeneckého okruhu s intelektuálním světem.............................. 16 2.3. Korespondenční síť Jana Amose Komenského ........................................................... 19 3. Problematika světla v tradici myšlení do 17. století .......................................................... 22 3.1. Okruh vzdělanců zabývajících tématikou světla v 17. století ..................................... 24 Exkurz: „Laterna magica“ Athanasia Kirchera .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Masaryk University in Brno ANNUAL REPORT 2003
    Masaryk University in Brno ANNUAL REPORT 2003 Czech Republic, January 2004 1 ANNUAL REPORT 2003 Masaryk University in Brno, 2004 ISBN 80–210–3349–5 ISSN 1211–9180 2 ANNUAL REPORT 2003 CONTENT INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 4 ORGANISATIONAL CHART 2003 ..................................................................................................................... 6 RECTOR’S OFFICE........................................................................................................................................... 7 BOARD OF DIRECTORS .................................................................................................................................. 8 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL ...................................................................................................................................... 9 ACADEMIC SENATE........................................................................................................................................11 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT..................................................................................................................12 EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................................30 STUDENT SERVICES AND PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES...................................................................................41 MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL
    [Show full text]
  • Voynich Talk
    What We Know About The Voynich Manuscript Sravana Reddy The University of Chicago" June 24, 2011! Kevin Knight! Information Sciences Institute, USC! Background Medieval manuscript; " undeciphered script! ~235 pages, 38000 words! 25-40 characters " (T = single char, or I + R?, etc)! Based on illustrations, " divided into 5 sections: ! Herbal Background Medieval manuscript; " undeciphered script! ~235 pages, 38000 words! 25-40 characters " (T = single char, or I + R?, etc)! Based on illustrations, " divided into 5 sections: ! Herbal Astrological Background Medieval manuscript; " undeciphered script! ~235 pages, 38000 words! 25-40 characters " (T = single char, or I + R?, etc)! Based on illustrations, " divided into 5 sections: ! Herbal Astrological Biological Background Medieval manuscript; " undeciphered script! ~235 pages, 38000 words! 25-40 characters " (T = single char, or I + R?, etc)! Based on illustrations, " divided into 5 sections: ! Herbal Astrological Biological Pharmacological Background Medieval manuscript; " undeciphered script! ~235 pages, 38000 words! 25-40 characters " (T = single char, or I + R?, etc)! Based on illustrations, " divided into 5 sections: ! Herbal Astrological Biological Pharmacological Stars History (Roger Bacon) John Dee (England), Emperor Rudolph II 16th century (Austria), 16th century History Jacobi de Tepenecz Jan Marek Marci Athanasius Kircher (Prague), (Prague), (Germany), 16th/17th century 17 th century 17 th century History Wilfrid Voynich H. P. Kraus Yale Library (Italy), 20th century (USA) Carbon-dating of paper at University of Arizona (unpublished): 15th century Dating of ink at McCrone Research Institute: added soon after the paper Motivation Decipherment of the manuscript could make you famous" (Computational) Linguists have the right tools + understanding of text analysis – so we should be the ones looking at it" No gold standard or answer key." Good opportunity to try out unsupervised algorithms.
    [Show full text]