Vol. XII No. 3 March. 1957 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS. O/fice and Consulting Hours: FINCHLEY ROAD (Corner Fairfax Road), Monday to Thursday 10 a.m.—I p.m. 3—6 p.ni. LONDON. N.W.3 friday 10 a.m.—I p.m. Te/ephone: MAIda Vale 9096/7 (General Office) MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Atency and Social Services Dept.)

A STEP TOWARDS MORAL REPARATIONS ONE YEAR'S ACfflEVEMENTS The period under review at last month's efforts in which the Council of Jews from The London visit of Senator Joachim Lipschitz general meeting was marked by new ventures Germany—of which the AJR is the British f *nd his associates was certainly an unusual event launched by the AJR, and by an extension of constituent—has taken a decisive part. We are °f more than local importance. There is no the Association's general activities. More and still occupied with these-efforts, and a note doubt that it was of great practical value to the more energy has been concentrated on con­ appearing in this issue illustrates some of the many people who have grievances against the structive work to assist those who, for one problems which the Council has had to take German indemnification authorities, and who wel­ reason or another, have to turn to the AJR up recently. comed the possibility of getting some first-hand for help and rehabilitation. The period under review was also marked general information and of discussing their per­ One of the latest examples is the creation by increased information services by the AJR sonal cases. of the Revolving Fund, from which loans are in the field of restitution and compensation. However, what made these meetings so granted to persons whose compensation claims A supplement describing in detail the provisions Memorable was the peculiar moral problem have not yet become due but whom advance of the Federal Indemnification Law, 1956, was involved. There was. in fact, more personal payments will tide over present difficulties. placed at the disposal of our readers last year, contact between leading Germans and Jews on The committee set up to decide on the appli­ and various further special issues were dedicated this occasion than at any previous encounter. The cations has, so far, allocated about £4,200 to to the description of other legislative measures. speeches of both sides, made at the various lun­ 32 applicants. Loans can only be given after Further publications of this kind are scheduled cheons and receptions, were of an extraordinary it has been ascertained that the applicant has to appear, especially when the Third Implemen­ cordiality. On the other hand, it cannot be a genuine claim for compensation; they have tary Order to the Federal Indemnification Law, denied that some Jewish observers felt a little to be repaid as soon as the indemnification which is to deal with indemnification for loss uneasy. Others objected because they are afraid authorities have granted the claim. The reasons of career, and the " Bundesrueckerstattungs- Gesetz " have been enacted. that an impression might be created that the for urgency submitted by applicants for Revolving Fund loans were varied. In some Jewish community as a whole, or even a section cases the money was required to set up homes Two Further Homes of the one-time German-Jews, is prepared to for people who had lived in furnished rooms Condone or to forget the tragedy which was Progress has also been made in work for the for many years. Other applicants needed the aged. The new wing of the Otto Schiff House enacted only twelve years ago. money for medical purposes; others again Certainly, the present Jewish generation will at 14 Netherhall Gardens was completed and because they were in dire need. There is a the House now accommodates 40 residents never get over the injuries inflicted on them under steady influx of new requests. Nazi rule. No intelligent German could expect altogether. Two sites for two further Homes "lat, and nobody assumes that money can atone Another new scheme launched by the AJR (one in Hampstead Garden Suburb and the for the mass murders of our own kith and kin. is in an entirely diflferent sphere—^the establish­ other in Kew) have been acquired, and it is It was a comfort to hear from the German ment of the AJR Club at 57 Eton Avenue. hoped that the buildings to be erected will be speakers thonselves that they are fully aware of This Club, which has now been in existence ready towards the end of this year or the this situation. Indeed, this fact could not have for more than a year, has proved a boon to beginning of next. The house in Hampstead ^en expressed in a more drastic and convincing various sections of the community. In the Garden Suburb will accommodate 47-49 resi­ Way than did Senator Lipschitz himself. Perhaps afternoons people, especially of the older dents, and the house in Kew 50-52 residents. tlie fear of some Jews that they could be suspected generation, meet informally in the pleasant sur­ At the same time, efforts are proceeding to **f " selling " their most sacred personal feelings roundings ; in the evenings, those who work find a suitable property for the establishment for their dear departed, is a little exaggerated. But during the day gather, and there are functions of flatlets. The urgency of this scheme is fully 't underhnes the perplexing nature of a unique with lectures or recitals about once a month. realised because, day after day, the AJR Social •noral involvement. Services Department is called upon by persons Another problem, which calls for constant frantically seeking accommodation. The diffi­ Nevertheless, we all feel that we cannot reject attention, is the question of restitution and culty of materialising the scheme arises from tor ever the idea of moral reparation and of compensation. Whilst the limitations of the the fact that, so far, houses in suitable districts, restoration of human relations. There is even existing legal position cannot be denied, it has if available, have not lent themselves to con­ some—though small—re-emigration to Germany ; to be recognised that in the course of the version, and vacant sites have been offered only } Jewish community is growing there and is treated years considerable progress has been made. in out-of-the-way places. ^^ an honourable way by the authorities. More­ These achievements are often taken for granted. over, we Jews should be the last to over-stress the They are, however, the result of concentrated Apart from problems of accommodation, Principle of collective responsibility. The present many other matters have to be dealt with by '^lers of Germany and their representatives do our Social Services Department. They refer "ot attempt to excuse the Nazi crimes ; on the in London there was none that had honoured him to the various difficulties people of our back­ Contrary, they are making an extraordinary effort as much as this one. ground, and especially the older ones, are con­ 1° demonstrate their desire for reparation. We Was it really only polite fofon de parler when fronted with. Many of them still have to work nave often expressed our grievances about the the German speakers stated that they were the and must be placed in employment. Others *nortcomings of the indemnification, but it is also ones to be grateful and not the recipients of the require care and personal attention because of our duty to recognise that there are many in restitution money ? Such words are not without their mental state of health, occasioned by the "ermany who, tormented by genuine qualms of significance. sufferings they have sustained. There are also •^pnscience, are eager to do all in their power to Possibly we will be reminded that today, too, those who need help or guidance in cases of ^ve the Jewish survivors a convincing sign of there is a political and educational problem in illness or convalescence, and visits to hospitals 'Germany's repentance. Germany; the reappearance of some former have become an important feature of the Social It was certainly a significant moment when the Nazis in leading positions arouses doubts about Services Department's work. German Ambassador to the Court of St. James'— the new spirit. Such problems were, however, The approval AJR Information has found ••cplying to a toast at an informal luncheon bovmd to crop up, and they will have to be amongst its readers has been most encouraging. arranged in honour ot the guests by the United watched. But, with all the mental reservations However, criticism is also welcomed and any Restitution Organisation, in conjunction with the which we naturally have, nothing should stop ouf suggestions will be appreciated. Whilst it can­ Council of Jews from Gennany—said that he was acknowledging sincerity and goodwill when it is not be the object of the paper to convey general deeply moved and, he would not hesitate to say, shown, and to express our satisfaction on such news which is obtainable in the national or ashamed, and that of all invitations which he agreeable occasions as the Lipschitz visit to Jewish press, AJR Information has tried to received in the course erf his diplomatic activities London undoubtedlv was. Continued on page 2, column I Page 2 AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 ZUR WIEDERGUTMACHUNGS­ THE AUSTRIAN ASSISTANCE FUND FOR EMIGRANTS GESETZGEBUNG The Austrian Assistance Fund for Emigrants (3) Into Category C fall needy persons over 60 (Hilfsfonds) which started its activities in June, years of age. Schiitte des " Council of Jews from Germany " 1956, has made most remarkable progress, under (4; The subsequent priorities (D to M) are based Waehrend der letzten Monate ist in Bonn der the excellent Chairmanship of Ministerialrat Dr. purely on the applicant's age. Entwurf einer 3. Verordnung zur Durchfuehrun^ F. Sobek and the able and energetic direction of During the first seven months of the Fund's des BEG., deren Erlass durch die Bundesregierung the Fund's Manager, Dr. George Weis. activities, 13,449 applications were received. The nunmehr unmittelbar bevorsteht, beraten worden. Readers will recall from information published Awards Commissions settled the applications of Bereits im November wurde der Verordnungs- in this journal, that the Hilfsfonds makes grants 4,122 claimants by classifying them as follows: entwurf, der die Schaeden im beruflichen Fort­ in accordance with a scale of priorities: kommen behandelt, mit den Verfolgtenverbaenden Group A 218 besprochen. Der von der Bundesregierung (1) Priority A is accorded to those who suffered Group B 1,366 damage to heahh as a consequence of imprison­ schiiesslich dem Bundesrat zur Zustimmung vorge- ment or maltreatment, and to the widows of Group C 309 legte Entwurf enthielt aber einige Aenderungen, die persecutees who died while imprisoned or Group D 184 in den Kreisen der Verfolgten starke Befuerch- through maltreatment. Grants under Priority Group G 321 tungen ueber die Auswirkung in der Praxis A are cumulative with grants under any of Group H 433 hervorriefen. Die Conference on Jewish Material the subsequent priorities. Group K 604 Claims against Germany hat—Anregungen des Group M 620 Council of Jews from Germany entsprechend— (2) Priority B comprises those whose state of Rejected 173 beim Bundesrat Vorstellungen erhoben, die zwar health is such that they are physically per­ zu unserem Bedauern nicht in vollem Umfange manently incapable of earning a living and, at 4,228 beruecksichtigt worden sind, denen aber zu einem the same time, do not have the means to support Teil entsprochen worden ist. themselves. (The difference between the number of claimants [4,122] and the above total of 4,228 awards is Es ist zu erwarten, dass die Bundesregierung den accounted for by cumulation of claims under vom Bundesrat vorgeschlagenen Aenderungen der Continued from page I Group A with claims under other groups.) Verordnung zustimmen und sie demnaechst erlassen reflect the trends and interests specific to our Up to January 10, 1957, the Fund made the wird. Wir werden dann Naeheres berichten. community. following payments: Im Wiedergutmachungsausschuss des Bundestags These trends and interests cover a wide field To claimants in the U.S.A A.Sh. 7,681,000 wird zur Zeit der Entwurf eines Bundesrueckerstat­ and are by no means limited to the practical „ United Kingdom 4,837,000 tungsgesetzes (Regelung der rueckerstattungsrecht­ ,. Israel 3,398,000 lichen Geldverbindlichkeiten des Deutschen Reiches- questions of indemnification and social work. „ other countries 5,099,000 sogen. 3. Masse Ansprueche) beraten. Es handelt In fact it became evident, especially in the sich um Ansprueche wegen Einziehung von Bank­ course of the last few years, that the spiritual A.Sh. 21,015,000 konten, Wertpapieren, Edelmetall, Umzugsgut usw. heritage we have is so great that a special new Die Bundesrepublik soil nach dem Gesetzentwurf The fact that, only a few months after the die rueckerstattungsrechtlichen Ansprueche gegen venture would have to be launched to cope with creation of the Fund, more than one-third of the this essential task. The Council of Jews from das Deutsche Reich uebernehmen, jedoch nur bis applications so far received has been processed zu einem Gesamtbetrag von H Milliarden DM. Germany therefore established the Leo Baeck and that payments are being currently made, Bei der Bemessung der Hoehe des SchSdens- Institute, with headquarters in Jerusalem and testifies to the drive and sense of urgency by which ersatzbetrages soil der Wiederbeschaffungswert des offices in London and New York. The first those responsible for the administration of the entzogenen Vermoegensgegenstandes in der Bundes­ result of the Institute's labours, " Year Book Fund are animated. For the year 1957 the Austrian republik zugrunde gelegt werden. No. 1," has now become available. Government in their budget proposals now before Es ist zu hoffen. dass eine gewisse Verbesserung the Austrian Parliament allocated A.Sh. 100 million des Befriedigungsplanes des Entwurfs beschlossen Work of this kind, however, cannot be for Hilfsfonds purposes. The speed of operations carried out in scholarly isolation. It requires werden wird, sowie eine Verbesserung der Bestim­ justifies every hope that there will be no avoidable mung ueber die Entschaedigung fuer Umzugsgut, permanent contact with the rank and file of delay in the distribution of this amount. das in einem ausserhalb der Bundesrepublik the community, and especially with the great In drafting the Statute it was necessary to gelegenen europaeischen Ort vom Deutschen Reicti number of those who feel a personal responsi­ establish firmly defined rules governing priorities entzogen worden ist. bility for the legacy of German Jewry. To this of payments. It is clear that the Statute could Mit einer Verabschiedung des Gesetzes im April end, the establishment of a sponsoring orga­ not provide for all contingencies and that any wird gerechnel. Wir werden, sobald es erlassen nisation to be known as the " Friends of the set of firm rules inevitably leads to the creation ist, weiteren Bericht erstatten. Leo Baeck Institute" is now under active of border-line cases. The governing body of the Hilfsfonds, the Kuratorium, endeavoured, by consideration. As soon as plans have taken establishing additional rules of procedure, to fill BEDIENSTETE JUEDISCHER GEMEINDEN shape, details will be announced in AJR some gaps of the Statute. Thus, for instance, while Fristablauf 31. Maerz 1957 Information. in general it is the head of the household only Es wird erneut darauf hingewiesen, dass die The increased activities of the AJR and its who is entitled to file a claim, the Kuratorium Anmeldefrist fuer Ansprueche auf Grund der associated bodies have also resulted in an decided that women married to persons not them­ Rechtsverordnung fuer Bedienstete juedischer increase in membership, and there has been a selves entitled to claim (e.g. if married to an Gemeinden am 31.3.1957 ablaeuft. steady influx of new members. However grati­ Englishman or an emigrant from Germany) can Die auf Grund dieser Rechtsverordnung zuge- lodge an application in their own right. Moreover, billigten Versorgungsbezuege beginnen mit dem fying this may be we cannot ignore the fact the Kuratorium makes very generous use of the that many who benefit, directly or indirectly, 1.10.1952. powers given to it in the Statute to relieve hardship Fuer die rueckliegende Zeit stehen dem Geschae­ from the various activities of the AJR, are in individual cases. On the other hand the digten Ansprueche auf Grund des BEG zu. Die not yet amongst its members. It will be the Kuratorium is in duty bound, vis-a-vis the general Frist zur Anmeldung dieser Ansprueche laeuft erst task of those who are already associated with bodv of emigrants, to ensure the just application am 1.10.1957 ab. our work to help increase the ranks of the of the Statute and to prevent its abuse. Association. It is well known that the Fund is limited to the No matter how many people may claim priority Time and again it has proved to be a decisive modest sum of A.Sh. 550 million, i.e. approximately treatment by stating, for example, that they are asset that, 3s an independent organisation, the £7,600,000. From the experience gained during unable to work or are in need, the Austrian AJR has been able to take up the interests of the first seven months of the Fund's existence, it Government would not be entitled to place more appears, however, that it is not generally realised than A.Sh. 550 million at the disposal of the the community it represents. Its further that if anybody succeeds in obtaining a priority achievements will likewise depend on the Hilfsfonds. It is therefore imperative that the he is not entitled to, he will deprive somebody claims of all those asking for classification in one solidarity of those for whom the Association else of what is justly due to him. The total amount of the topmost priorities should be most carefully has been founded. W.R. the Hilfsfonds js to receive is determined by law. checked. While, as mentioned above, the Fund has started making payments to those in Categories A and B, FOR TRANSFER OF DEUTSCHE MARKS it can arrive at a final assessment of its commit­ ments only after expiry of the claiming period on TO TfflS COUNTRY CONSULT June 10, 1957. It is important that all those who have not claimed so far should do so as soon as possible, as the dateline of June 10, 1957, must Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. be adhered to in the interests of those who have claimed in time and would inevitably have to wait longer if the claiming period were extended. This opportunity serves also to remind all 91, MOOI^GATE, LONDON, E.C.2 Austrian readers that the dateline for claiming Telephone: METropolitan 8151 privileged treatment for emigrants in the Austrian Social Insurance Scheme expires on June 30, 1957. ^^^'"'"^ Representing: The United Restitution Organisation is ready ^-t: FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHIWANGER CORPORATION to assist Hilfsfonds claimants and claimants under TEL-AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 52 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 4, N.Y. the Austrian Insurance Scheme. C.K. AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 Page 3 NEUE LASTENAUSGLEICH-VERORDNUNG ANGLO-JUDAICA Entschaedigimg fuer Vermoegensverluste in den sogen. Security for Israel A plea for British Jewry not to falter jn identi­ Vertreibungsgebieten fying itself with the people of Israel in the present situation, was made by the Chief Rabbi. Stressing In dem von der Conference on Jewish Material 1. auf einem gegen die guten Sitten verstos- Israel's " irreproachable " demand for her security. Claims against Gennany mit der Bundesrepublik senden oder durch Drohung oder durch Dr. Brodie said: " We are proud to be associated eutschland geschlossenen Wiedergutmachungsab- Zwang veranlassten oder mit einer wider- with our brothers and sisters at this time when II 7ii"if" ^°™ 10.9.1952 (Haager Protokoll No. 1, rechtlichen Besitzen tziehung verbundenen they confront the nations of the world with dignity ' ') hat die Bundesrepublik zugesagt, in Ausfueh- Rechtsgeschaeft oder auf einer sonstigen and self-respect, courage and faith." '"ng des in § 359 Abs. 2 des Lastenausgleichs- unerlaubten Handlung, An urgent call to do everything possible to Bcsetzes (LAG) enthaltenen Rechtsgedankens auf 2. auf einem Staats- oder Verwaltungsakt oder secure Israel from armed attack by hostile neigh­ unli V ^^'""6 hinzuwirken, wonach fuer Schaeden auf dem Missbrauch staatlicher oder bours, was unanimously addressed to H.M. nd Verluste an Vermoegensgegenstaenden der in behoerdlicher Machtbefugnis, Government by the Board of Deputies. Art .A''^: 1 No. 1 und 2 des LAG bezeichneten 3. auf Massnahmen der NSDAP, ihrer Gliede­ The President of the Board, Mr. B. Janner, as im c- ^'" Verfolgter in den Vertreibungsgebieten rungen Oder angeschlossener Verbaende. well as two fellow-Labour M.P.s of his. Dr. Hugh ^ ainne des LAG vor dem Zeitpunkt der Vertrci- Es wird vermutet, dass ein Vermoegensverlust Dalton and Sir Thomas O'Brien, former Chairman ungsmassnahmen durch Entziehung im Sinne des in der Verfolgungszeit auf Massnahmen nach of the Trades Union Congress, also two Conserva­ "?<^''erstattungsrechts erlitten hat, Entschaedigung Nummern 1 bis 3 beruhte, wenn der fruehere tive M.P.s, Sir Robert Boothby and Mr. S. ach den Grundsaetzen des LAG gewaehrt wird, Eigentuemer zu einem Personenkreis gehoerte, den McAdden, and the former Liberal leader, Mr. enn anzunehmen ist, dass der Verfolgte von den in seiner Gesamtheit die Deufsche Regierung oder Clement Davies, spoke at a Zionist mass meeting ertreibungsmassnahmen betroffen worden waere, die NSDAP durch die Massnahmen vom kulturellen held under the slogan " We Demand Security for zw ^"^^ '"^ Zusammenhang mit den Ereignissen des und wirtschaftlichen Leben auszuschliesscn Israel I" weiten Weltkrieges gegen deutsche Staatsange- beabsichtigte. Israel's cause was also championed by Colonel |:°f'''8e und deutsche Volkszugehoerige gerichtet In Bezug auf den Beginn der Verfolgungszeit hat Robert Henriques, the well-known Jewish author die Verordnung, so weit es sich um die Vertrei­ naben. and broadcaster, who has just written a book on bungsgebiete ausserhalb des Deutschen Reichs nach the Sinai campaign. V rf ^urchfuehrung dieses Grundsatzes sollte fuer dem Gebietsstand vom 31.12.1937 handelt, eine erfolgte von der Voraussetzung des LAG besondere Regelung vorgesehen, und zwar gilt als ogesehen werden, dass der Geschaedigte am Beginn der Verfolgungszeit der Zeitpunkt der Appeal of Central British Fund :v'.2.l950 seinen staendigen Aufenthalt im Bundes- jeweiligen Einbeziehung in den unmiftelbaren The Central British Fund, now again the over­ seoiet Oder in Berlin (West) gehabt haben muss. Einflussbereich der deutschen Staatsfuehrung. Im tJiese Regelung ist jetzt in der 11. Verordnung all communal agency for relief and rehabilitation Gebiet der ehemaligen Freien Stadt Danzig gilt of Jewish refugees in this country, has launched }t ,J Ausgleichsleistungen nach dem LAG vom der 1.7.1933 als Begiiin der Verfolgungszeit. Die i'''12.1956 (Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I No. 52/1956 an appeal for £200,000, which is urgently required. vorgenanrite Vermutung gilt fuer Danzig und, Most of the 700 or so Hungarian Jewish refugees • 932 ff) getroffen. Im folgenden geben wir soweit es sich um rassisch Verfolgte handelt, fuer unaechst eine kurze Uebersicht ueber ihren Inhalt. in Britain at the beginning of last month have das ehemalige westoberschlesische Abstimmungs- been accommodated outside the camps, though the I. gebiet nur fuer die Zeit ab 1.1.1936. '^nspruchsberechtigl ist: majority of the 800 from Egypt are still in hostels. '• Ein Verfolgter, der in einem Zeitpunkt in. Further arrivals are expected to bring the total soon to at least 2,o0O. waehrend des Verfolgungszeitraums seinen Enlschaedigl werden Entziehungen Wohnsitz in einem Vertreibungsgebiet hatte Shocked surprise at the fact that the free world und der zu dessen Beginn die deutsche 1. an Wirtschaftsguetern, die zum land- und had not openly opposed Egypt's disgraceful anti- Staatsangehoerigkeit oder die deutsche forstwirtschaftlichen Vermoegen, zum Jewish campaign, was expressed by the President Volkszugehoerigkeit besass. Grundvermoegen oder zum Betriebsver­ of the Anglo-Jewish Association, Mr. R. N. moegen im Sinne des Bewertungsgesetzes Carvalho. Vertreibungsgebiete sind sowohl die gehoeren, deutschen Gebiete oestlich der Oder-Neisse- Linie, wie Schlesien, Ostpreussen, Pommern, 2. an folgenden Wirtschaftsguetern, soweit sie Still Short und die Gebiete ausserhalb der ehemaligen nicht unter Nr. 1 fallen : Grenzen des Deutschen Reichs, die, wie (a) an Gegenstaenden. die fuer die The Centenary Appeal for Jews* College has Berufsausuebung oder fuer die wissen- so far raised (in four and a half years) £220,000 Danzig und das Sudetengebiet, dem Deutschen schaffliche Forschung erforderlich sind, Reich einverleibt wurden oder von den from a comparatively small number—^just over deutschen Truppen besetzt waren. (b) an Hausrat, 2,000 contributors all over the country. The sum •'• Ein Verfolgter, der in einem Zeitpunkt (c) an Reichsmarksparcinlagen, is still short of the amount required for the new waehrend des Verfolgungszeitraums vor dem (d) an anderen privatrechtlichen geld- College building now under construction. wertigen Anspruechen als Reichs- Concern has been caused by a deficit of about 1. Januar 1945 den Wohnsitz im Deutschen markspareinlagen. - Reich (Gebietsstand vom 31.12.1937) hatte. £5,000 in the administration of the Judith Lady (e) an Anteilen an Kapitalgesellschaften Montefiore College in Ramsgate, a joint venture p'n Abweichung von § 230 LAG ist die sowie an Geschaeftsguthaben bei ^eitendmachung von Anspruechen nicht davon of the Jewish Agency and the British Sefardi Erwerbs - und - Wirtschaftsgenossen- community. TTie College, whose main concem aohaengig, dass der Geschaedigte am 31.12.1950 schaften. einen staendigen Aufenthalt im Bundesgebiet oder is to train ministers and teachers for North Africa, '" Berlin (West) gehabt hat. In Bezug auf die Hoehe der Entschaedigung- now has more than 250 pupils, a considerable gelten im wesentlichen die Berechnungsvorschriften increase compared with previous years. II. des LAG. Danach ist der Schaden des Verfolgten Another Jewish Book Week was held. At a L\r^ Anspruch auf Ausgleichsleistungen nach dem in der Hoehe festzustellen, die sich nach den symposium arranged as one of its features by the VP f i'^' gegeben, wenn einem der vorgenannten Vorschriften des Feststellungsgesetzes fuer den Anglo-Jewish Association, Mr. Alexander Baron, ertolgten in dem Vertreibungsgebiet Vermoegens- Zeitpunkt der Entziehung ergibt. Von diesem the novelist, said there was no market for Jewish erte der nachstehend angesebenen Arten entzogen Schadensbetrag ist ein etwa gezahlter Kauforeis literature in England, where the Jew " grew up in r^°',"en sind. Entzogen irn Sinne dieser Verordnung abzusetzen, der aus Anlass der Entziehung an atmosphere hostile to art." According to Mr. pPd Vermoegensgegenstaende, deren Eigentum der eewaehrt worden und in die freie Verfuegung des Baron, there is no positive aspect in Jewish life «gentuemer in der Zeit vom 30. Januar 1933 bis Verfolgten gelangt jst. here to attract the writer, as there had been for nnr,-*' ^^' 1945 (Verfolgungszeit) aus Gruenden Fuer die Berechnung der zu gewaehrenden Yiddish writers in Eastern Europe and was now r°'!"scher Gegnerschaft gegen den National- Entschaedigung werden die Geschaedisten _ in for Hebrew writers in Israel. "^lalismus Oder aus Gruenden der Rasse, des Schadenserupnen eineestuft. die so gestaffelt sind. 'Jiaubens oder der Weltanschauung verloren hat, dass kleine Schaeden voll und besonders hohe In the Trade "^enn der Veriust beruht Schaeden mit 5% und weniaer vereuetet werden. Die so errechnete Entschaedigung mindert sich um There is a high proportion of Jews among 25%. wenn der Geschaedigte am 31.12.1950 seinen employers in London's furniture trade, probably staendieen Aufenthalt ausserhalb der Bundes- 50 per cent, and the proportion of retailers and dis­ HART SON & COMPANY renublik oder von Berlin (West) eehabt hat. Sie tributors may be still higher. The number of Jews mindert sich ferner um den Betrag. der als employed in the industry is less than 1.000, a UMITED Entschaedigung nach § 51 des Bundesentschaedi- substantial decrease compared with the 1920s. A steady decline has also been suffered bv the Merchant Bankers eunessesetzes oder nach den entsprechenden landesrechtlichen Vorschriften gewaehrt worden Jewish Friendly Society Movement, once an influ­ GRESHAM HOUSE ist oder gewaehrt wird. ential force in the community. The Grand Lodge 24 Old Broad Street, E.C.2 of the United Jewish Friendly Society now has IV a membership of 2,855 men and 682 women, a 'Phone LONdon Wall 7633 Fuer das Verfahren gelten die Vorschriften des decrease of 118 during the first ten months of 1956. Specialists in the LAG. Demeemaess erfolgt die Anmeldung der All Anglo-Jewish Friendly Societies together, with __ conversion of Ansprueche bei dem zustaendiaen Ausgleichsamt over 3()b Lodges, have approximately 30,000 volun­ GERMAN MARKS and BLOCKED unter Ausfuellung der fuer Vertriebenen- und tary members. Ostschaeden vorgeschriebenen Formulare. Die Bradford is to have another Jewish Lord Mayor AUSTRIAN SCHILLINGS Anmeldung von Anspruechen kann jedoch erst —Alderman Dr. David Black, the only Jewish Inquiries Invited erfolgen, wenn technische Einzelheiten, insbeson­ member of the City Council. He is also Presi­ dere die Zustaendigkeit, geregelt sein werden. dent of the local Hebrew Congregation. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 TRIBUTE TO A CIVIL SERVANT OF GERMANY AND THE MIDDLE EAST ANGLO-JEWRY FIRST GERMAN CORRESPONDENT IN BEN-GURION INTERVIEW WITH GERMAN Mr. A. G. Brotman's Service ISRAEL JOURNALIST Mr. A. G. Brotman, recently completed twenty- five years' service with the Board of Deputies of Herr Rudolf Kuestermeier has been assigned The " Welt am Sonntag " published the first British Jews. As a part of his manifold activities, as the first German press correspondent in Israel. interview which the Israeli Premier, Ben-Gurion, Mr. Brotman also took an active part in the He will work under the auspices of the German granted a German journalist. The Prime Minister work for the refugees from Nazi oppression Press Agency (DPA), to which all West German expressed his satisfaction about the fulfilment of from 1933 onwards. These long-standing connec­ dailies subscribe. the restitution agreement with the German Federal tions have been strengthened by his co-operation Kuestermeier was one of the founders of the Republic. About Dr. Adenauer he said : " He is with the United Restitution Organisation, on the •' Peace with Israel" movement initiated by Erich an admirable statesman. I had no opportunity Board of which he serves as Vice-Chairman. of meeting him up to now, but I hope that this All of us who, on one occasion or another, have Lueth, and was one of the first German journalists day will not be far off." to visit Israel. had the privilege of working with Mr. Brotman Before 1933, he took a leading part in the or of calling on him for help, have been impressed Socialist student movement and continued his GERMAN STUDENT AT HEBREW by his personality—a blend of strong efficiency, UNIVERSITY self-effacement and kindness. The AJR sincerely Socialist activities clandestinely after 1933. He expresses its thanks and good wishes to Mr. was captured by the Gestapo and sentenced to ten Miss Eva Beling has been accepted as the first Brotman on this happy occasion. years' penal servitude. German student at the Hebrew University. She is preparing a doctoral thesis on the integration NAZIS IN EGYPT RESPONSIBLE 7 of German Jews in Israel. She comes from ANNE FRANK DIARY Frankfurt where her father, a staunch anti-Nazi, The American State Department has instructed took an activ'e part after 1933 in the vocational President Attends Jerusalem Premiere the American Embassy in Cairo to check a report, training of Jewish youth. submitted by the B'nai B'rith. that former German The Jerusalem Premiere of " The Diary of Anne army officers are responsible for carrying out anti- Frank " was attended by President Ben-Zvi and by Jewish measures in Egypt. The report states that Cabinet Ministers and diplomats. Otto Frank, thousands of former Nazi officers are working in STRESEMANN FILM Anne Frank's father, cabled his appreciation of the Egypt under Arabic names and with Egyptian pass­ Before the actual premiere of the new film about decision to plant a wood in the Jerusalem hills, ports. The report goes on to say that more than Stresemann, a reception was given by the Lord named in memory of his daughter. 4,(X)0 Jews have been arrested. Five concentration Mayor of Westem Berlin, Dr. Suhr. Thus Berlin camps are being built, big enough to hold the honoured its famous son who strove, in vain, to Monument in Amsterdam entire Jewish population of Egypt. make Germany safe for democracy and to bring In Amsterdam, prominent intellectuals have about its permanent reconciliation with France. decided to erect a monument to the memory of This is the main theme of the film. The late Anne Frank in one of the city's squares. Further­ STAMP CLUB'S ANNIVERSARY German Foreign Minister is portrayed by Ernst more the street in which she lived and a girl's Schroeder ; the part of his antagonist and later school will bear her name. Next month one of the largest philatelic his friend, the French Foreign Minister. Aristide societies in Great Britain will celebrate its fifth Briand, is played by Leonhard Steckel. The Publication of Fairy Tales anniversary. The British Association of Palestine- director of the film is Alfred Braun and the script Israel Philatelists saw its inception in a private is based on a radio feature by Axel Eggebrecht Anne Frank's eight fairy tales were published house at Hendon one April day in 1952, when a and Ludwig Berger. Stresemann's son. Dr. Wolf­ in Amsterdam in 1949 under the title " Weet je group of enthusiastic collectors gathered to form gang Stresemann, Intendant of the Radio Slymphony nog? " (" Do you remember? ") the British counterpart of a society already existing Orchestra in Berlin, conducted Beethoven's in the United States. There were 65 founder Eamont Overture before the film started. The Performance in Frankfurt members, but since then the membership has grown film was received with great enthusiasm. to nearly 500, a remarkable tribute to the wide­ "The Diary of Anne Frank" was produced in Frankfurt/Main, Anne Frank's birth-place. It was spread interest in the postal history of the Holy LOEB LECTURE BY DR. MAYBAUM Land. directed by Karl Guttmann, one of the founders Meetings are held regularly at the rooms of The second semester of the Frankfurt Loeb of the Tel Aviv Chamber Theatre. Dr. E. Rachwalsky, 9 Upper Wimpole Street, and lectures, inaugurated last year by the late Dr. some fascinating talks and displays have been Leo Baeck, commenced jn January with a lecture A German Biography given. Recently Mr. Otto M. Lilien spoke about by Dr. Ignaz Maybaum on the " Sacrifice of In the third volume of his series of biographies the production of Israel's early issues. The Isaac." " Genie and Eros " called " Eros der Gegenwart " Association's most successful public event was Dr. Maybaum. who celebrated his 60th birth­ (Neuer Pfeil-Verlag, Genf) the well-known writer, an exhibition, held jn the West End, in 1953. day on March 2, is well known to our readers Lee van Dovski, devotes a whole chapter to Anne In July. 1952. the BAPIP Bulletin was first through his writings and lectures, which reflect Frank. Van Dovski was the first biographer of published, and No. 19 appeared in December. his original and unbiased approach to Jewish Anne Frank even before the publication of her 1956; the file of the magazine contains a wide religious problems of our times. The AJR, on diary. The diary was published in Dutch in 1947. variety of articles on all aspects of Palestine-Israel the Board of which he has acted since its incep­ in German and French in 1950, and in English. philately. The Association has been invited to tion, extends its sincerest congratulations to Dr. Spanish, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish and Danish provide material to occupy three frames at the Maybaum on this occasion. in 1952. National Stamp Exhibition at Central Hall, West­ minster, between March 16 and 23. L.N. & M.W. EX-GERMAN JEWS IN THE NEWS AN EVENTSG OF HARMONY A PIONEER OF ARCHITECTURE IN MEMORIAM—KURT TUCHOLSKY Concert of Hampstead Council of Mrs. Louise Mendelsohn, widow of the The Deutsche Theater in East Berlin is holding a Christians and Jews renowned German architect, Erich Mendelsohn, series of matinees devoted to politico-satirical writers and poets. The first one was given on A concert of sacred and folk music, arranged who now lives in the United States, has launched a scheme which has met with wide response. When Heine, the second one on Kurt Tucholsky. In under the auspices of the Hampstead Council of addition to a recital of Tucholsky's prose and Christians and Jews, proved particularly successful considering where to leave her late husband's verse, Ernst Busch, sang songs with text by Tuchol­ and the Hampstead Town Hall was filled to drawings, she felt the lack of some sort of sky and music by Hanns Eisler and Herbert Jarcyk. capacity. " museum of architecture" where such papers The choral recitals wer.e given by the Hampstead would have a public place. Such a " museum " Parish Church Choir conducted by Martindale could also include a reference library for A FRIEND OF THE BLIND Sidwell and by the Jewish Male Choir conducted architectural information. by Martin White. The happy choice of the pro­ Many friends of Dr. Ludwig Cohn (formerly of gramme was bound to make members of the The scheme, towards the implementation of Breslau) will be pleased to hear that he celebrated audience aware of the impact of the Old Testament which the preparatory steps have been taken, is his SOth birthday on February 22 in Rotterdam. on the development of the Christian religion in the described in detail in the " New York Times " of Holland, where he now resides. field of sacred music, as a number of the motets February 27. Dr. Cohn is well known for his labours on behalf were based on texts from Psalms or other parts of blind people everywhere, and no task is too of the Bible. At the same time, the large number much for him if he can help them in their diffi­ of Christians, who attended the function became COMPOSER'S ACHIEVEMENT culties. He himself became blind at the age of acquainted, probably for the first time, with the seven years and, despite his great handicap, he various aspects of Jewish music, the programme of The symphony by the German-born composer, progressed from school to university, attaining the Jewish Male Voice Choir including both items Jan Meyerowitz, called " Midrash Esther," honours in philosophy and jurisprudence. from the Hebrew liturgy and from Israeli and received its world premjfere when it was performed Apart from his main interest, teaching, for sixty Yiddish songs. in New York by the New York Philharmonic- years he attended to the welfare of the blind. In The promoters of the concert can be congratu­ Symphony Orchestra on January 31. The sym­ Germany he worked assiduously for the blind of lated on having fostered understanding between the phony was inspired by the biblical story of Esther the First World War and, latterly, for the blind in two communities by means of this original method. and the rabbinical commentary on it. general, especially in Israel. AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 Page 5 SENATOR LIPSCHITZ ADDRESSES LONDON NEWS IN BRIEF AUDIENCE BERLIN ENTSCHAEDIGUNGSAMT Over 1,200 people attended the meeting at hand, it was indispensable for each Office to lay All internal and external consultants (Gutachter) riends House held under the auspices of the down certain basic rules. This was not easy in of the Berlin Entschaedigungsamt will have to ^erman Embassy, at which Senator Lipschitz view of conflicting interests. Though there were undergo an examination of their political past. ^ferlin) spoke on indenmification. certainly arguments in favour of dealing with Medical consultants also must have a clean political „ln his introductory speech His Excellency, the younger applicants first, thus enabling them to sheet. ^erman Ambassador, welcomed the audience and make use Of the payments whilst they were still also thanked the organisations which had assisted actively occupied in businesses or professions, it SETTLEMENT WITH IG-FARBEN "le Embassy to prepare the meeting. was felt that priority should be given to old Addressing the meeting. Senator Lipschitz people who otherwise would not live to receive The negotiations between the Conference on ^essed that whilst he himself was also a victim compensation for the sufferings they had experi­ Jewish Material Claims and the IG-Farben enced. Whilst this general principle had led to a Combine have resulted in an agreement according ot Nazi persecution, the decisive reason for his rough working schedule, further divisions had nghting for adequate restitution and compensation to which the IG-Farben has set aside DM 27 proved necessary ; thus claims submitted by the million for payments to Jewish victims of Nazi *as the urgent desire to re-establish the good name applicant in his own right were given preference persecution who were forced labourers at the IG- 9^ Germany, which had been despoiled by a bar­ to those submitted by heirs. Furthermore, the Farben plants in the vicinity of the Auschwitz con­ barous regime. He could well understand that date on which the application had been submitted centration camp. The sum will be made available *"er all that had occurred, many victims of the had also to be taken into account. to a legal Trust in Germany, which will administer Persecution did not wish to have any dealings payments to Jewish claimants. The Agreement is "hatsoever with Germany, not even with the To indicate the difficulties involved in the latter principle, Senator Lipschitz gave one striking still subject to ratification Tsy the stockholders of Protagonists of what might be called " the other the IG-Farben Combine in liquidation. The ^ermany." However, everybody abroad should example. There were certain types of claims not covered by the former Law of 1953 but only by negotiations had been initiated by a test case in .lengthen those sections of the German popula- the German Courts filed by Norbert Wollheim of °n who were trying to undo the wrongs of thc the new Law of 1956. Nevertheless, some appli­ cants had already submitted such claims after the New York—a former forced labourer at the IG- Past, as far as this is humanly possible. Farben plant. Dealing with the practical work of the Berlin enactment of the 1953 Law. Others had waited mdemnification Office, Senator Lipschitz stated until the legality of the claim had been established It is understood that announcements will be ^hat in accordance with the general principle laid by the provisions of the new Law. If such claims issued in due course, giving information on the Qown in the Indemnification Law, it had always were dealt with in the order in which they had procedure to be followed in the filing of claims , •-• 111 iiic iiiuciiiiiiin.aiiuii jL-ciw, ii iiau aiyyaya been received, those who had been disciplined with the Trust to be established. If the number peen the attitude of the Office to interpret the law enough not to submit their claims whilst there of claimants is not more than is anticipated, it is 'n favour of the victim, in cases of doubt. The were no legal grounds, would be punished. It was envisaged that DM 5,000 per person can be paid jjeed for adequate indemnification was recognised also a new principle of the Berlin Indemnification to Jewish labourers of six months duration or •^y all political parties in Berlin. The Office at Office, even in cases of urgency, to refrain as a longer; lesser sums will be payable for shorter present dealt with the cases of 120.000 applicants, rule from making advance payments and rather periods, with a minimum of DM 2,000 per person. ^^ whom 45 per cent lived in Germany and 55 per to settle them by final decisions. Cent lived abroad. There were regular meetings between the leading officials of the Indemnification In his concluding remarks Senator Lipschitz DEFAMATION OF ANTI-NAZIS 'Jffice and the representatives of the persecutee stressed that material indemnification, important PUNISHABLE ? ''fganisations. This exchange of views had proved though it was, was not sufficient. It was even more [nost beneficial because questions often arose, in essential to try and repair the damage done by the The C.D.U. Parliamentary Party moved in the 'ne light of practical experience, for which a Nazi regime in the political field. " We have to Bundestag that a paragraph should be added to Solution could be found by discussion. face the fact," he said, " that the present younger the Penal Code, making a punishable offence the It Was the aim of the Berlin Office to settle all generation does not know anything about the defamation of resistance-fighters or groups of ;"e claims before the time limit of 1962 laid down contribution of German Jews to the cultural people having the same origin and belonging lo '" the Indemnification Law. The staff of the Office upbuilding of pre-Hitler Germany. Names like the same faith. A sentence of at least three months Comprised altogether 800 members. As to the those of Heine or Paul Ehrlich, to quote only two or one month respectively, is proposed. ^rder in which the applications should be dealt examples, are hardly, if at all, known to them." A large-scale educational programme was necessary JY'th, the regulations laid down in the Indemnifica- PENSIONS FOR FORMER NAZI INTERNEES j'on Law 1953, had been abolished by the new to make the youth aware of the barbarous actions Law of 1956. and a large degree of discretion was of the Nazi rdgime and to give them a clear picture The Bundessozialgericht has decided that people S'ven to the Indemnification Offices. On the other of German history up to J933. .\mong the who were interned after the war because of their examples of methods by which the Berlin authori­ Nazi activities, are not excluded as such from ties were trying to work towards this goal. Senator the benefits of the Bundesversorgungsgesetz. But Lipschitz mentioned the performance of " The they must not have been " Hauptschuldige" or Diary of Anne Frank " to groups of students. •• Belastete." 4 There was a particularly close contact between the speaker and the audience, which was glad to obtain this first-hand information on the indemni­ TRIALS OF NAZIS fication problems from a leading Berlin politician. Sachsenhausen Guards It was only to be expected that the remarks on Ackermans the relationship between Germany and the The trial of Gustav Sorge and Wilhelm Schubert emigrated victims of Nazi persecution could not who, under the names of " Eiserner Gustav " and be uncontroversial. But in this respect, too. it "• Pistolenschubert," were notorious for their Chocolates seemed that the majority were convinced by the brutahty, will probably take place in Bonn. Seven arguments. This may have been due to a number hundred Germans and foreigners have agreed of reasons : firstly, the personality of the speaker to be witnesses. The defendants were repatriated De Luxe established a close rapport with the audience. from the Soviet Union without being pardoned. Furthermore, the listeners could not but be But the Soviet Government, jt is reported, has not impressed by the Senator's obvious sincerity and kept its promise to send the Federal Government by his understanding of the feelings of many of the relevant incriminating documents. them towards Germany. Above all, the audience The Court in Traunstein has opened the investi­ was sensitive to Senator Lipschitz's urgent desire gation against the former S.S.-Oberscharfuehrer, Martin Knittler, who was a Blockfuehrer in to help build up a democratic Germany and his Sachsenhausen. He is charged with murder. 43, Kensington Church St. passionate love for the City of Berlin which he Former inmates are asked to come forward as represented on the occasion. witnesses. London, W.8 Gauleiter Koch SOLIDARITY WITH ISRAEL The trial against the former Gauleiter of Eastern WES. 4359 At its meeting on February 10, the Board of Prussia, Erich Koch, who is in a Polish prison, Deputies of British Jews appealed to the conscience has been indefinitely postponed as he is said to of humanity " to desist, at the eleventh hour, from be seriously ill. One of the charges against Koch and a grave act of injustice against one of the smallest, concerns the murder of 200,000 Jews jn Poland the most ancient of nations." The Board deplored and the shooting of hostages. the recommendation of the Assembly of the United 9, GOLDHIRST TERRACE, Nations which weighted the scales against Israel. Hitler's Photographer The Chairman of the Board's Erets Israel Com­ The West Berlin Spruchkammer has suspended PINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.6. mittee said that it was not Israel which was on trial its Suehneverfahren against Heinrich Hoffmann, but the United Nations, as it was now constituted. Hitler's photographer. In 1956 the Hauptsruch- MAI. 2742 The resolution was cabled to Mr. Hammar- kammer in Munich ruled that, apart from other skjoeld, Mr. Ben-Gurion, Mr. Abba Eban, and the measures, his fortune was to be confiscated up to British U.N. delegate. Sir Pierson Dixon. the sum of 350,000 DM. for restitution purposes. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 G. Warburg SOth BIRTHDAY OF PROFESSOR A. NUSSBAUM AGAIN—JEWISH REFUGEES On January 31, 1957, Professor Arthur Nuss­ baum celebrated his 80th birthday and, though Geneva Executive Session of High Commissioner for Refugees belatedly, we desire to express our good wishes and pay tribute to a German-Jewish scholar of Only a few months ago there were some Jewish concern than the principle that the High Com­ great distinction. circles which were under the impression that Jews missioner and his Executive Committee have recog­ need no longer take much interest in the refugee nised that these people are victims of persecution. For a generation Professor Nussbaum taught work of the United Nations, because refugees had There was, of course, never any doubt about law at the University of Berlin. At the same time ceased to be a Jewish problem. True, there were the Hungarian refugees. Numerically they contri­ he was the most prolific of legal writers. Several but few Jews among the refugees under the man­ bute a much graver problem. Although the standard works on a variety of subjects and date of the High Commissioner for Refugees. number of Jewish refugees from Hungary may numerous learned contributions to law reviews However, the view that Jews should no longer take ultimately be smaller than the number of Jews stand to his credit. In 1933 the Columbia Uni­ an interest in solving the remaining problems was from Egypt, they constitute a greater problem for versity in New York readily offered him wrong, morally and politically. Jews, with their Jewish welfare bodies too, because most Egyptian hospitality and enabled him to continue his experience of themselves being refugees and their Jews are willing to go to Israel and cease to be research and, to some extent, his teaching experience in helping refugees, are morally bound refugees while only a comparatively small per­ activities. Three important books secured wide to give what help they can to non-Jews in this centage of the Hungarian Jews want to go to Israel. recognition for him from the Anglo-American unfortunate position. And who could know when For the world, too, the Hungarian problem causes legal world. One of these books was on a subject the day would come when there would again be more concern. Austria and Yugoslavia have Jewish refugees ? urgently appealed to the Committee to ease the which had not previously attracted his attention; burden they are carrying. In Austria nearly another was recently translated into the German That day arrived sooner than many expected. language. Today there are again Jewish refugees—some 70,000 Hungarian refugees are still in camps ; in 16,000 among the refugees from Hungary and Yugoslavia about 20,000. Austria, in addition, already 11,000 Jewish refugees from Egypt. still carries the burden of the post-war refugees. Fighter for Law and Justice Certainly, the Jews form only a percentage of the A new appeal went out from the Executive Com­ total of about 200,(X)0 refugees from Hungary and mittee to all countries to help Austria and Yugo­ This, however, is not the place to write an there are also a considerable number of non-Jews slavia by accepting more refugees and by provid­ appreciation of Professor Nussbaum's academic among the refugees from Egypt. However that ing more funds. The British delegate was able to achievements. Rather is it our privilege to speak may be, Jewish refugees are, alas, again in the announce Great Britain's generous response to the of him as a personality. He did not devote his news. appeal of the United Nations Association. But all life solely to the analysis, clarification, and that is not enough and. moreover, there are still presentation of the law, but always was and still When the Executive Committee of the High the " old" refugees, i.e., those who were still Commissioner for Refugees met at Geneva at the is an indomitable fighter for law and justice. It unsettled when the Hungarian and Egyptian crisis is this aspect which, at the suggestion of his end of January for its Fourth Session, many Jewish broke. Schemes for permanent solutions for them organisations were represented by observers. It are going forward, but much too slowly. Will teacher, Franz von Liszt, caused him in his early was the first session at which Dr. August Lindt, the world—after so many fine words—at last rise life to engage in the unmasking and disproving of the Swiss diplomat who only a few months ago to its responsibilities ? This question was posed the myth of ritual murder. It was this feature had been elected High Commissioner as successor at the session in Geneva but not answered. which led him to membership of the Board of to the late Dr. van Heuven Goedhart, was present. the Central-Verein and, in another sphere, Would he follow in the footsteps of his illustrious induced him to take up the cause of arbitration, predecessor and prove a leader and a fighter for GOETTINGEN SHUNS EINSTEIN company law reform or legal realism. In his the cause of the refugees ? Would he show the AND MANN ripe old age his love of justice allowed and, indeed, same courage ? He showed his mettle in his first compelled hjm to put in its rightful place a subject speech when he spoke of the grave new problems In Goettingen the Socialist members of the such as the Catholic influence upon the history of —the mass flight of Hungarians to Austria and Town Council moved that two public squares the law of nations. An independent, original, and Yugoslavia and the problem of the refugees from should bear the names of Albert Einstein and Egypt. Thomas Mann respectively. Town Councillor stimulating mind but, above all, an unblemished Adolf von Thadden, the former Deutsche heart, filled with a deep sense of moral responsi­ Persecutees From Egypt Reichspartei member of the Bundestag, objected bility, characterise Professor Nussbaum, not only and said that the two men had not deserved this as a lawyer but also as a man of real eminence. With regard to the latter the United Nations had honour. Einstein, he said, had furthered the atom hitherto kept ominously quiet. Whatever he may bomb and Mann had, after the bombardment of We hope that for many years to come he will or may not have done behind the scenes, Mr. Luebeck, declared that it served the inhabitants have the will and the strength to instruct and to Hammarskjoeld had never mentioned that there right if they had to live in huts. The Town interest the large number of lawyers who, though were refugees from Egypt. Did he fear to offend Council decided to pass on the motion to the they may not always know it, are his pupils. Colonel Nasser if he implied that there was committees concerned. F. A. MANN. persecution in Egypt ? Dr. Lindt had no such scruples. He bluntly stated that, jn his view, all those refugees from Egypt who had no Govern­ ment to protect them came under his mandate, and HONOURS TO FORMER GERMAN-JEWS he would give them diplomatic and legal protec­ tion and any emergency aid required. By stating GERMAN AWARDS Dr. Reinhold Ruedenberg that they came under his mandate. Dr. Lindt also implicitly said that they had " well-founded fears Dr. A. Lescbnitzer Dr. Reinhold Ruedenberg, Professor Emeritus, of persecution on the grounds of race, religion, has been appointed Honorary Senator of the nationality or political opinion." For only refugees The German Order of Merit was awarded to Berlin University of Technology. He thus who have such " well-founded fears " come under Professor Dr. Adolf Leschnitzer. In his student becomes an honorary member of the governing his mandate. The delegates of France, the Holy days. Professor Leschnitzer was a member of the body of that University. See and the Netherlands, at once asked for this Zionist Fraternity " KJV." After working as a Dr. Ruedenberg is the inventor of the electron matter to be placed on the agenda, and this was schoolmaster until 1933, he was appointed as head microscope. Prior to hjs emigration, he was a done without opposition (neither the Arabs nor of the School Department of the Reichsvertretung ; lecturer at the Berlin Institute of Technology and the Communist States are members of this Com­ in this capacity he took a leading part in building chief engineer of the Siemens-Schuckertwerke in mittee). up more than sixty Jewish schools caring for the Berlin. education of German-Jewish youth. . 4.j-T&;--''5^ i ^ Tha High Commissioner, a few days later, sub­ After the war. Professor Leschnitzer was Professor Max Bom mitted an interesting paper in which he gave some appointed Guest Professor for the history of Professor Max Born, the famous atom-scientist figures at his disposal. At that time over 5,0(X) German Jewry at the Berlin Free University. He who is acting professor of physics at Goettingen refugees from Egypt had arrived in Europe and spends several months of each year in Berlin, and University, celebrated the Golden Jubilee of his over 2,000 in Israel. Of the 5,000 in Europe, his lectures have proved most beneficial in pro­ doctorate. 2,370 came under his mandate. The remainder moting understanding of the problems of Jewry were citizens of European countries and, as and Judaism amongst the post-war German TRIBUTE TO DR, L. GUTTMANN citizens enjoying the protection of their Govern­ academic youth. ments, they did not come under his mandate. At question tjme in the House of Commons, Those who had emigrated to Israel were also not At the ceremony in New York, tribute was paid Mr. George Isaacs, M.P., referred to the Fearnley under his mandate, as they at once became Israeli to Professor Leschnitzer by the German Consul, Cup for 1956, awarded to the Stoke Mandeville citizens. He further expected that within the next six Dr. Adolph Reifferscheidt, by Professor Sol Hospital by the International Olympic Committee Liptzin, head of the Germanic and Slavic in recognition of the Hospital's work in promoting months 13,800 more refugees would leave Egypt, amateur sports among the seriously disabled. He and as 7,000 of these are likely to go to Israel, Department of the New York City College, and by Rabbi Dr. Joachim Prinz. described the award as a tribute to the British altogether about 5,(XX) would remain under his authorities concerned and to Stoke Mandeville •1 mandate. These figures appear to have been under­ Professor Kurt Marcuse and Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, who had made it estimated, as already ILCiOO Jews have fled from possible. Egypt, apart from a few thousand non-Jewish Professor Kurt Marcuse, Director of the Higher In his leply, the Minister of Health expressly refugees (mostly British and French citizens). But Medical Testing Bureau in Berlin, has been associated himself with the tribute his predecessor whether the figures are absolutely correct is of less awarded the Cross of Merit, First Class. had conveyed to Dr. Guttmann. AJR INFORMATION March. 1957 Page 7 «• W. Freyhan Old Acquaintances ARTURO TOSCANINI Ten Years of German Films:—Among those In 1943, after a concert which he had given in rose to the occasion with this statement of his who ten years ago, immediately after the end of ^id of the U.S.A. Foundation for InfantUe beliefs which, one cannot help thinking, might have the war, started rebuilding the German film raralysis, Toscanini received the following letter come from Beethoven or Verdi. . . . industry, are two outstanding personalities: Walter irom President Roosevelt: Liberty, wisdom and virtue—here speaks the heir Koppel and Arthur Brauner, a German and a The magnificent contributions you have made of the tradition of Italy, even of ancient Rome. Polish Jew respectively. Walter Koppel was |p the world of musjc have always been high- His father had fought in Garibaldj's ranks ; the responsible for the refilming of Carl Zuckmayer's nghted by your humanitarian and unyielding parental home had little to offer, but it did endow • Hauptmann von Koepenick " directed by Ger­ '•eyotion to the cause of liberty. Like all true him with a fierce patriotism and a proud sense many's gifted Helmut Kaeutner, and Arthur artists you have recognised throughout your life of freedom. At one time, shortly after the First Brauner has such productions as Gerhart Haupt­ jnat art can flourish only where men are free. World War, Toscanini lent his support to a young mann's " Ratten " and " Vor Sonnenuntergang " Unce again your baton has spoken with unmatched left-wing journalist, Benito Mussolini. But just to his credit, films not only box-office successes eloquence on behalf of the afflicted and the as Beethoven's early admiration for Napoleon but lauded by the critics too. As the former Ufa oppressed." turned to contempt when his hero became Emperor studios in Neubabelsberg are in the Eastern sector In his reply, Toscanini said: "As for myself, —and dictator—so Toscanini adopted an uncom­ of the town, Brauner had to create facilities out i assure you, my dear Mr. President, that I shall promisingly hostile attitude towards the Duce of of nothing in Spandau, and Koppel had to do the continue unabated on the same path that I have Fascism, maintaining the true tradition of Italian same in Bendesdorf because Hamburg had no jrod all my life for the cause of liberty—liberty patriotism and Mussolini had betrayed. It is studios at all. Brauner especially provided oppor­ jnat, in my opinion, is the only orthodoxy within well known how his adamant refusal to conduct tunities to many who returned from exile: Robert me limits of which art may express itself and the Party hymn eventually led to his ill-treatment Siodmak, Gottfried Reinhardt, Max Nosseck, nourish freely—liberty that is-the best of all things at the hands of Fascist toughs and to his emigra­ P. H. Rameau and Jochen Huth, to name only a "? man, if it is to be all one with wisdom and tion to the U.S.A. Till the outbreak of war, few. The two producers have helped to put Virtue." however, he spent his holidays in his native German films on the map again and can rightly This is something more than a conventional country, unafraid even of talking with resistance now celebrate the tenth anniversary of the new utterance. The year was 1943 and Toscanini must leaders. It is reported that Hitler criticised his German film industry. nave felt the significance of being thus addressed fellow-dictator's leniency in dealing with the oy the foremost leader of the free world. He obstinate musician. Toscanini's patriotism remained unshaken : while Obituaries:—Claire Waldoff died at the age of he rejoiced in Mussolini's downfall and the ultimate 72 years in Reichenhall, near her home at Bayrisch- PICTURES FOR THE COLLECTOR defeat of the Axis powers, he nevertheless felt Gmain, after a stroke. The great old lady of the Alfred Brod Gallery so bitter about the cession of Italian territory German cabaret, discovered by Paul Schneider- Sometimes I wonder why everybody living in this to France in 1945 that, for a time, he refused to Duncker once in " Roland von Berlin," lived half- nurried. harassed, frightful '" age of jjlenty," does conduct in either France or England. forgotten in retirement for the last few years, "Ot flock to exhibitions of Dutch paintings. At the with her life-long friend Oily von Roedern. Her ^*nibition in the Alfred Brod Gallery at 36 Sack- Stand Against Nazism name meant very little to the new generation. me Street, we enter a world of tranquillity and It is obvious that he could not but hate Nazism Like so many artistes who represented everything Pleasure, meditation and even profundity. An as much as he hated Fascism. He had conducted Berlin stood for, Claire Waldoff was not born in example of this is the two landscapes by Aert van in Germany in the years before 1933 ; first in 1929, the former capital. She was equally at home on aer Neer, which form part of fhe 30 pictures now when he took all the forces of La Scala to German Ihe stage, in variety or in cabaret, and appeared On view. I know they are not directly observed opera houses, then in 1930 on a tour with the all over Germany and even in London before irom nature and they have not the beguiling fresh­ New York Philharmonic Orchestra. The climax the First World War. She disliked the Nazis as ness of the Impressionists; yet a great quietness came with the invitation to conduct at the Bayreuth much as they disliked her because they thought emanates from them. Then there are, of course, Festival in 1930 and 1931. He, who had intro­ her famous song, " Herrmann heest er," was he still-life paintings. One I particularly liked is duced " Gotterdammerung" in Italy as early as directed against Goering. Claire was a character ^ Dutch at all. but is by the eighteenth-century 1895, felt so honoured by this call that he refused out of a Zille drawing and had many personal J'fench painter. Mile Anne Vallayer-Coster, who to accept any fees. He was due to return to friends among writers and artists. Only a few ^as had the distinction of being mistaken for the Bayreuth in summer, 1933, and Hitler, in a personal records remain of her inimitable voice.—Ludwig Ff.^t Chardin, to whom, as Diderot said, " she letter, urged him to do so, hinting that this might Trautmann, the German cinema darling of yester­ tell a victim." make things easier for him in Italy. Toscanini's year, died in Berlin aged 71.—Erich Ponto, the If you are a collector or a would-be collector, answer consisted in his signature to a telegram of actor who was the first Mr. Peachum jn Brecht- you might be interested in the prices. They vary protest against racial persecution which famous Weill's " Dreigroschenoper," died in Stuttgart at from about £160 to £5.000. But the pleasure of musicians sent to Hitler (he even asked that he the age of 72.—Margarete Hauptmann, widow of ooking at the pictures is free of cost. be allowed to head that list) and he enlarged upon Gerhart Hauptmann, died in Eebenhausen at 81 A. ROSENBERG. the subject in his personal reply to Hitler's letter. years of age.—Viggo Larsen, Danish-bom star and Later, he cold-shouldered artists like Furtwangler partner of Wanda Treumann in the early days JUUUS ROSENBAUM EXmBITION who continued to work in Nazi Germany. He of the cinema, died in Copenhagen at the age A memorial exhibition of the works of the late refused to make any allowances whatsoever—the of 76. PJ'nter, Julius Rosenbaum, will be held from issue was clear to him. The temporary triumph X'^rch 18th until April llth, at the Ben Uri of Nazism in 1940 depressed him so much that he The Blonde from the Jungle; When London's '^ Gallery, 14 Portman Street, London, W.l. was unable to eat for two days. On the occasion Sunday Dispatch lately ran the series " Liane, the of another Allied setback, he even made the bitter ZION HOUSE LECTURES Blonde from the Jungle " with such success, nobody remark of how futile it seemed to wave one's could suspect that a refugee couple were the wA series of six lectures on " Aspects of Jewish arms while civilisation was going down the drain. authors of that adventure story. Germany's largest V'tgration " will be held at Zion House, 57 Eton But Toscanini also found a positive way of daily, Bildzeitung, published it first and has already l^venue, N.W.3, from March to May, under the showing where his sympathies lay. In 1936 he ordered three more " Liane" novels. The film iispices of the Theodor Herzl Society, in con- went to Palestine to conduct the inauguration based on that book is the biggest box-office draw M ''°" ^''^ ^^^ University of London (Extra concert of the all-Jewish orchestra founded by and, so popular is the fictional heroine, that nural Department). The lecturers will be Mr. Huberman and consisting largely of refugee " Liane " puppets and " Liane " suits can nowadays jjf^el Finestein, Rabbi Dr. Alexander Altmann, musicians and, in 1938, he went again. He be bought in Germany. "Liane " m story form is ^^- Julius Isaac and Dr. Walter Schindler. The declined all fees, and he was deeply touched by sold in many coimtries, and is a best-seller ,"•" lecture ("The Medieval Routes" by Mr. the tremendous response of his audiences and by everywhere. srael Finestein) will be held on Thursday, March what he saw of Jewish life and Jewish effort. It The pen-name, Anne Day, conceals the f~' at 8 p.m. Further information may be obtained makes strange reading today that he actually took identity of Aime and Fred Lothringer, who jjotn the Secretary, Theodor Herzl Society, Zion this orchestra to Cairo ! Significantly, he insisted met and married in Nice and now live near on playing Wagner to hjs Jewish public: he would Locarno. He is the son of the co-founder of not make concessions where great music was con­ Berlin's " 12 Uhr-Blatt." and she hails from Vienna. *ERTHOLD GOLDSCHMIDT ON B.B.C. cerned. Anna Helveg, as she was then, belonged to the set ^A 'cello concerto, composed and conducted by We cannot attempt here to sum up Toscanini's which frequented Rolli Gero's " Sonja's Pluesch- gerthold Goldschmidt, was twice performed on the unique musical genius. But we may recall what sofa " where Sonja Wronkow, the singer, enter­ i,;"C. Third Programme last month by the Royal he said about the master whom he had met in tained. In those days she wanted to become a ^tiijharmonic Orchestra. On March 8 and 9, at person, whom he worshipped and whose music dancer. When she was an exile in Paris she wrote 6.45 p.m. and 9.15 p.m. respectively, performances he interpreted as nobody else could: " Verdi was her first story and sold it to a producer, who tumed .[ the composer's clarinet concerto will be given great. He was also a good man. His music is it into a fihii starring Erich von Stroheim. Since °> the B.B.C. Symphony Orchestra. like his character, strong and honest." This is then, she and her husband have collaborated on true of Toscanini himself. He was often extremely twenty-five novels, knowing full well that they RECITAL BY ILSE WOLFF difficult and irritable—not unlike Beethoven—but are doing little for literature as such, but are only j»Y, chamber concert was held at the Wigmore he upheld the highest standard both as regards his entertaining their readers with wonderful and clean j?all. in aid of the children's viUage. Beer Yaacov. art and the great issues of mankind. To the man escapism. A little bewildered at their success, the J^ Wolf, soprano, sang songs by Schumann and who remained true to his beliefs, who stood fast writing couple enjoy their work and have remained j^jjubert with an ease, a purity of tone and where others faltered, who set an example for all unassuming and modest. nbtlety of interpretation which places her among times—to him we are no less indebted than to the "'e leading exponents of the Lieder-tradition. supreme artist. PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 Letters to the Editor A PLEA FOR TOLERANCE

ii Annual General Meeting of the Council of BASIC MORAL VALUES" Christians and Jews Sir,—On receiving the February issue of the right of tbe writer of the article to feel indigna­ The impact made by the late Dr. Lep Baeck on paper, I may say 1 was shocked. The leading tion al the sad event, but he certainly does not Jewry, and his services in the fostering of under­ article " Basic Moral Values" was out of lime take into account the dangers of the young State standing between the adherents of Judaism and and place. Not only is the matter of Ihe 47 Arabs surrounded by revengeful Arabs, sending Christianity, was repeatedly recalled at the General killed sub judice and il might be more reasonable murderers into a country of peace-loving farmers Meeting of the Council of Christians and Jews, lo wail till the circumstances are investigated by and workers in order lo kill children, bus passen­ held under the Chairmanship of the Archbishop the Court, but more important, the Editor of such gers and other taw-abiding citizens. The event of Canterbury on February 12, at Church House. a paper should not publish articles of this nature occurred when a war was imminent and a curfew In presenting the report, the Chairman of the at a lime when Israel is fighting for her life, and order was issued which had to be implemented. Executive, Canon C. E. Raven, stated that the the world, especially the great powers, is on Ihe Mistakes may occur and Ben-Gurion has said and past year had been marked by the Anglo-Jewisii side of her enemies. Egypt and Nasser have done what should be said and done. tercentenary, and that one of its outstanding func­ another weapon against the little Israel which is It is certainly easy to live in secure Britain and tions had been a garden party under the Council's fighting for its existence, threatened by all. Il to give vent to moral indignation, but this should auspices at Lambeth Palace. It was the basic task might be wise to have second thoughts as to not have been done publicly and in a Jewish paper of the Council to draw together groups with dif­ whether such arguments do not put weapons in read by people who wholeheartedly sympathise ferent creeds and beliefs. This object was not the hands of Israel's enemies. wilh Israel in her fight to survive the crisis of necessarily to be restricted to co-operation between Nobody condones evil deeds but one may today. the various denominations ; nations and members expect an Editor to know the consequences of a Yours, etc., of different ethnic groups had to be drawn together leader appearing in his paper. I do not deny Ihe (Dr.) LEO LOEWENSOHN. in a similar way. 11 Woodlands Drive, The main speakers at the function were Lord Glasgow, C.4. Gorell and Professor Norman Bentwich, both of whom addressed the meeting on " The Refugee— DR. I. N. STEINBERG Sir,—/ should like lo commend you most the Symbol of Our Time." warmly on the brave stand in your February Lord Gorell, who was the legal guardian of the Sir,—In your obituary on Dr. Isaac Steinberg pub­ editorial " Basic Moral Values—A Test for children who came to this country as refugees from lished in your February issue you state that, for Judaism." Knowing your paper's sympathies wilh Nazi oppression under the auspices of the Move­ a short time. Dr. Steinberg was a member of the Israel, it is most encouraging to find that supporters ment for the Care of Children, stated that the Bolshevik Government after the Russian Revolu­ of the country, themselves loyal Jews, yet have the refugee problem had been a symbol of our time, tion. courage lo criticise the chauvinistic tendencies from the Balkan wars to thc present. It had As an old friend of Dr. Steinberg's, I should which sometimes evince themselves and which can always been the outcome of tyranny and intoler­ like to correct this statement. He never was a be so dangerous lo progress. ance, and was to be regarded as the most dreadful member of the Bolshevik Government and never Yours, etc., condemnation of the period we live in. a member of the Bolshevik Party. He was one (Miss) A. RABIN. Professor Bentwich called the refugee problem of Ihe leading figures of the Left Social-Revolu­ 12 Belsize Park, N.W.i. a symptom of the great world revolution through tionaries (SR). The error in this report, which which we have gone during the past decades. It you have obviously taken over from the daily was particularly tragic that, in spite of the experi­ press, arises from the fact that after forty years BOOKS ON RUSSIAN JEWRY ence of the World War, nationaUsm had grown most people have forgotten the origins of the Sir,—The Berl Katznelson Institute—the strongly during the post-war period. He also U.S.S.R. higher educational centre of the Israel Labour referred to the refugees in the Gaza Strip, for The October Revolution led lo a coalition Party (Mapai)—has recently started lo add lo its whom social workers and educationists were government, established on November 15, 1917. library an extensive section on Russia (mainly required. Whilst for obvious reasons this work headed by Lenin, consisting of Bolshevik and post-revolutionary) and Soviel Jewry. This exten­ could not be carried out by Jews, Professor Bent­ Left SR Commissars. Steinberg was one of the sion will facilitate studies and research al the wich pointed out that it might be worth whiie to three Left SR members, taking over the Com­ Institute and will also be accessible to all students consider whether it should be the task of the missariat for Justice. But after the Constituent and others in Israel interested in these subjects. Council to arrange for Christians to be sent there. Assembly, in which the Bolsheviks had only a During my short stay in this country as a In concluding. Professor Bentwich also referred minority of the seats, had been forcibly dissolved student, I have volunteered lo help realise this to the contributions which refugees had made lo by the Executive Committee of the All-Russian project. I am appealing to all who are willing lo their countries of adoption. Soviet in January. 1918. after a provoking speech help by donating books, pamphlets, periodicals and The vote of thanks was moved by the Chief by Lenin, the SR Commissars resigned from the newspapers in any language which have a bearing Rabbi and seconded by the Moderator of the Free Government. Subsequently the SR were expelled on these subjects (or by other means) to do so. Church Federal Council. and outlawed—the second phase of the civil war We devote special interest lo assembling Yid­ The audience included distinguished Christian had begun. dish publications from Soviet Russia of which we and Jewish clergymen and public workers I mei Steinberg in Berlin in the early twenties. already have a unique collection, and would He had always been a strong opponent of the deeply appreciate it if those who have such items AWARD FOR JEWISH FAMILY NOVEL Bolshevik praxis of a dictatorship upon the would consider adding them to it. proletariat and, in those days, believed in Further information concerning the Institute and The Albert Schweitzer-Buchpreis, founded by the traditional slogan of the dictatorship of the the new extension would be gladly supplied. Please the Kindler-Verlag, was awarded to the French proletariat based on the majority vole—for him send your books to me at 7 Lyndhurst Gardens, novelist, Roger Ikor, for his novel " Les fils identical with " proletarian democrcury." London, N.W.3. or to St. Antony's College, Oxford. d'Avrom," which in 1955 was chosen for the Prix Yours, etc., Yours, etc., Goncourt. The book describes the life of a Jewish YAAKOV SHARETT. family from their emigration from Russia to BERNHARD REICHENBACH. (The signatory is the son of Mr. Moshe Sharett.— France at the beginning of the century to their London. N.W.i. Ed.) persecution under the Third Reich. ALFRED BROD GALLERY T 36 Sackville Street, Piccadilly, London, W.l Exhibition of "PICTURES FOR THE COLLECTOR"

from February 5 to March 30, 1957

Weekdays 10-5 p.m. Saturdays 10-1 p.m. AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 Page 9 THANKS AND GOOD WISHES PERSONALIA GOLDEN BOOK CERTIFICATE FOR DR. BIENENFELD Should one publicly mention a person whose Mr. Kurt M. Hirschland, formerly a partner of entire life has been devoted to helping needy the well-known banking firm, Simon Hirschland A reception was held on Wednesday, February 6, people in the most unobtrusive way ? This is the (Essen), died in New York at the age of 74 years. under the auspices of the Jacob Ehrlich Society, question which arises on the occasion of an event Mr. Hirschland was, for some time. Chairman to mark the presentation of a Golden Book referring to one of the most devoted servants of of the Jewish community jn Essen and he also Certificate to Dr. F. R. Bienenfeld on the occasion our community. took an active part in the municipal life of that of his 70th birthday. city. At the same time, he was the patron of The Certificate was presented to Dr. Bienenfeld It would, however, be a grave omission on our many artistic and scientific ventures. by Mr. J. Fraenkel, Honorary Secretary of the part if we did not use the occasion of her 60th Dr. Otto Neuburger died in Washington at the Jacob Ehrlich Society, who expressed appreciation birthday on March 19th to express our appreciation age of 66 years. He emigrated from Munich, for the services Dr. Bienenfeld had rendered, not for her past work and our good wishes to Dr. where he was Chairman of the Central Labour only to the Austrian Jewish community and to Adelheid Levy. She has been associated with the Office. He was the author of several standard the World Jewish Congress, but also to mankind work of the AJR since its inception in 1941. In works on unemploytnent, insurance and other in general, in his fearless fight for human rights. those days when, labouring under seemingly labour problems. After 1933, he was one of the Representatives of the organisations with which insurmountable organisational and financial diffi­ editors of the " Philo-Lexikon." In Washington, Dr. Bienenfeld co-operated associated themselves culties, we started building up the Association at he was on the staff of the Library of Congress. with this tribute and expressed their respect and 279a Finchley Road, Dr. Levy was in charge of affection for him. The good wishes of the AJR. the welfare work. At that time, questions regarding on the Executive of which Dr. Bienenfeld had our legal and political status were a more important because from the very beginning she had the served since its inception, were conveyed by aspect of our work than individual welfare, for experience necessary to meet the specific needs of Dr. W. Rosenstock, the General Secretary of which other organisations were then in existence. people in our midst, she has gained their con­ the AJR. Nevertheless, it was felt by the founders of the fidence, and the number of those who are grateful In his response. Dr. Bienenfeld said that the AJR that a representative body of the community for the help she has rendered to them grows daily. achievement of the State of Israel was decisive for Would not live up to its vocation if it did not also Her desire to assist her fellow-men springs from the position of Jews all over the world; he provide social services of various kinds. In the her deep religious feelings. She has retained her therefore considered it particularly gratifying that course of time the stress on the various aspects of youthful vigour and outlook towards life, and her his friends had marked the occasion of his birth­ our work has changed, and the Social Services warm-hearted devotion know no limits. day by presenting him with a Golden Book Department has become one of the most important Dr. Levy's colleagues and the honorary officers Certificate, thus helping to build up the State of sections of the AJR. of AJR, look forward to many years of continued Israel. It is Dr. Levy's imstinting work which has co-operation with Dr. Levy, and convey their best Dr. H. Tauber, Chairman of the Jacob Ehrlich created the nucleus of that Department, and wishes to her on the occasion of her birthday. Society, was in the chair.

Anglo-Continental DEUTSCHE Friends Dance at Balsam's Restaurant BUECHER GESUCHT! 20, DOWN STREET R. & E. Steiner Books (off Piccadilly —GRO. 4679) Delicious Continental Cakes and 64, Talgarth Road, London, W.M Coffee for 5/-. No extra charge (2/diiKl MONOPOL are precision (FUL. 7924) Admission free made lighters, with a Talented fully Dance and Cabaret every evening autotnatic action. Excellent Continental Cuisine Fully licensed. Open till 2.30 a.m. (3»W>«- MONOPOL were designed to meet the demand for a reallj teliable Sundays—Open for Teas automatic lighter. DERI from 4 to 6 p.m. and for Verlongen Sie Kot. 58 Dinners from 6 p.m. (oiitii Lighters are produced as JUDAICA Gipsy and Donee Music Groesstes Lager deutscher Buecher Table models (for the home or in England office), as pocket models and in the 38a, Boundary Rood, London, N.W.8 For English & German Books combinations:-LighteTlCigarette Ca^e, Wir kaufen deutsche Buecher •Phone MAI. 3030 WatcbJLighter (Swiss jewelled lever HANS PREISS iBorementJ. ^ The Exclusive Salon de Corseterie International Booksellers • LIMITED ("yJitxi Lighters are arailable gold and Lingerie and sterling silver mounted (Hall Mme. H. LIEBERG 14 Bury Place, London, W.C.1 MarkedJ, gold or silver - plated, HOL 4»4I 871 FINCHLEY ROAD, enamelled aad In other exclusive fine (Next to the Post Office, Golders Green) RADIO - REPAIRS - TELEVISION finishes from £24 to 32J6 with a 'Phone SPEedwell 8673 written guarantee. Fashion0l>le French, American, and English Gorta Radiovision Service Cfiiiiru. sales and service exist in Model*. Ready-made and to meosure. 37, SOUTHWICK STREET, W.2 EXPERT FITTING. 70 countries I PAD. 3394 Q_/kiU>w. products are obtainable Reliable-~-Reasonable EXQUISITE BLOUSES, KNITWEAR. wherever lighters are sold with pride. For Personal Attention throughout LINGERIE, CORSETRY Full details, with tbe name and address ^We collect and deliver " Silhouette," " Stockleigh," etc., Agents for Marconi Ferguson • Stella of jour local stockist, will bt gladlr WATCH-LIGHTER ot reasonable prices. supplied on request. GRiFFEL CATERING CO. Well known for high-claw catering. RUTH S SHOP Weddings, Barmitzvalu, and Social MONOPOL 37, Fairfax Rood, N.W.6 (off Finchley Rd.) Functions at your Home or any Hall. •Phone : KILburn 0500 Own crockery provided, also staff. Onb' bomc-inad* cakM. Very reatonable ckarte*. ^fn iff c^ctd4 ici^ofuC comftciM / Also this month limited number of Coots Pkan coatact Manaecr, Mn. Mandeibaoni. and Suits at less then wholesale prices. ^- .MAIda Vale 2395. COLieRI LIGHTERS LTD., 69/70 WARREN STREET. LONDON, W.l. HIGHEST PRICES LEO HOROVlfz~~ paid for Ladies' and Gentlemen's left-off SCULPTOR-STONEMASON Clothing, Suitcases, Trunks, etc. Memorials for all Come anywhere any time Cemeteries 16 FAWLEY ROAD S. DIENSTAG VyCST HAMPSTEAD, N.W.« X MAIda Vale 1649 ' Telephone : HAMpstead 2564 -?;ssic?M8WB5K"H5in3is8»Ka:igii-ft >:-:?:: i^

Page 10 AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 70th BIRTHDAY OF DR. WALTER BERLIN OBITUARY It is leamed, with great regret, that Dr. Georg Dr. Walter Berlin's 70th birthday on March 11 of angry resistance. Cheerfully and selflessly he Chaim of 36 Hill Rise, N.W.ll, passed away at the oflfers a welcome opportunity to convey German aflforded advice, help and protection to his Jewish age of 52 years. He leaves a wide circle of friends Jewry's gratitude to a man who, in times of great flock. None of his adversaries, not even Streicher who were deeply attached to him. Modesty and distress, proved himself to be a fighter of out­ himself, whom he had successfully fought in the extreme helpfulness were amongst his outstanding standing courage and tenacity. Courts, dared to attack him. To defend the qualities. persecuted Jew in criminal cases, to fight for such Dr. Chaim worked as a dental surgeon in Berlin. He is the descendant of a family which for many of his rights as the " law " had left to him, to After many years of frustration he had reason to generations not only enjoyed considerable standing intervene on his behalf with the oppressors, to expect that he would soon be able to take up his in Northern Bavaria, but was also particularly prepare his emigration, to solve his manifold profession again and he had just started the pre­ deeply rooted jn national and local traditions, problems—these were the tasks which filled Dr. paratory work necessary to resume his career. It cultural and professional activities. At the same Berlin's life and which he discharged at the expense is particularly tragic that these hopes did not time, Judaism remained for them a living force, a of his and his family's own. interests. materialise, especially as he had gained the con­ source of moral strength and the mainspring of a A few days before the outbreak of the Second fidence and friendship of professors and colleagues pronounced sense of responsibility and dignity. It World War he arrived in England, where he faced in the hospital to which he was attached. was this background which determined Walter difficult years. But he has made good: he qualified From his student days onwards Dr. Chaim took Berlin's personality and work. as a Certified Accountant and re-established him­ an active interest in Jewish affairs and always Shortly before the outbreak of the First World self in practice. And again he served his displayed sympathy to the AJR, of which he was War, in which he served as an officer with great community. He became a member of the Executive a member throughout the years. We extend our distinction from beginning to end, he was admitted Council of the AJR. In this capacity he has taken deepest expressions of sympathy to his widow who, to the Nurnberg Bar. Thus began a career which, an active part in the preparation and improvement as a devoted wife, did everything possible to care by 1932, carried him to a leading position among of the Restitution and Compensation Laws. All for him during his last illness. Bavarian lawyers. Soon he also became a who have been associated with him on these and prominent figure of the Central-Verein and its other problems have come to value and respect his IN MEMORIAM—ERICH SALOMON Executive, but it was Hitler and his accomplice, counsel, his wit, and the wealth of experience he The famous photographer and reporter at the Streicher, who brought forth the best in Waiter has acquired in the course of a full life. We wish time of the Weimar Republic, Erich Salomon, was Berlin's character. He became the temporal centre him many years of good health, vigour and honoured by a memorial exhibition in the Schoene­ which emanated what may be described as a spirit happiness. berg Town Hall. Salomon died in Auschwitz.

FAMILY EVENTS In Memoriam CHILDREN'S NURSE, exp., reliable, NEAR VICTORIA STATION. Entries in this column are free of Weiss. In ever loving memory of our can care for babies up to I year of Luncheon in private home wanted by charge. Texts should be sent in by the only child Tommy, who left us so age in her own home if parents are engineer, daily in this district. Write, IS/A of the month. suddenly on 30.3.56 not quite II years away. Box 139. English or German to 22 Fairway, Leigh-on-Sea, Essex. Birth old. To the world he was only a EXP. COOK, good ref., wants part- grain of sand, to us he was the whole time work in private household. Personal Levy.—Twin daughters were born to world. Box 148. ATTRACTIVE WIDOW, 40, with Hanna (nie Holzer) and Otto Levy, CLERK, 61, wants part-time job for daughter of 17. well educated, with 164 Kimberley Rd., Leicester, grand­ CLASSIFIED filing or similar work. Box 140. children of Dr. and Mrs. Martin good income, own house, wishes to Situations Vacant SHORTHAND-TYP., English and meet cultured gentleman in comfort­ Levy and Rabbi Dr. and Mrs. Paul able position. Object matrimony. Holzer. REQUIRED, experienced German- German, seeks full- or part-time job. English telephonist/receptionist, also Box 141. Box 135. Birthdays filing clerk, not over 40. Box 133. ATTENDANTS/SITTERS-IN f o r TALL LADY, single, wishes to meet Mr. Alfons Kalitzki (born in Chem­ ELDERLY LADY, part-invalid, sick people, invalids or children, gentleman 45-50, residing London, nitz, Saxony), of 5 Donnington Court, wants help for flat and nursing for available mornings, aftemoons or object matrimony. Box 150. London, N.W.IO, celebrated his 60th morning hours. GUL. 4538. evenings. Good ref. Tel. MAI. 4449. WIDOW, 52 years old, all alone, own birthday on February 26, 1957. home, means, attractive, well educated, Mr. Ludwig Loewenhaupt (formerly Situations Wanted Accommodation wishes to remarry. Box 151. Kitzingen a.M.), of 28 St. Martin's Men View, Leeds, 7, will celebrate his SOth VACANCY FOR PERMANENT MISSING PERSONS birthday on March 14, 1957. FORMER TRAVELLER must take GUEST, lady or gentleman, in beauti­ over indoor work now. Pref. factory fully situated well-heated country Enquiries from AJR Golden Wedding work esp. assembling, after some house; Continental cooking, every Mr. E. J. Rosenthal, building material Dr. med. Max and Mrs. Regina training. Box 142. diet. Mrs..JCr Schwarz, " Furzedown," dealer, last known address: 165 High­ Isserlin (n^e Ber). formerly Bad Soden. EDUCATED PENSIONER, perfect WojjtWToad, Hindhead, Surrey. bury New Park, London, N.5, member Taunus, of 20 Hallgate, Cottingham, German, English, knowledge Spanish, EIXGANTLY FURNISHED of an Orthodox congregation. Yorks, will celebrate their Golden French, Hebrew, seeks part-time occu­ DIVAN/SITTING-ROOM, centr. Miss Ursula Nehemias. Arrived with Wedding on March 12. pation (abt. 12 hrs. per week); best heatg, modern private house, gentle­ children's transport in 1939, went first Deaths ref. Box 143. man only, temporary or permanent. to Islington Isolation Hospital, later HAM. 9105. Dr. med. M. M. Bloch (formerly WAREHOUSEMAN, also suitable as to Esher, stayed there with an English Breslau) died suddenly on January 22, storekeeper and porter, requires work. NURSE wants furnished or partly family. Maybe she went to Tunbridge 1957. Beloved husband of Fanny Box 144. fumished room, au pair considered. Wells or to a hostel for girls in Willesden. Bloch, of 5 Carregamman, Amman­ QUALIFIED ACCOUNTANT, Egyp­ Box 149. ford, Carms.. South Wales, and step­ Mr. Carl (Charles) Daniel, bom in tian refugee, previous owner of MisceUaneous children Helmut and Lily Masur, import/export firm in Cairo, knowl. Krefeld, his wife Regina (nde Baum) Kampala-Uganda, Br. East Africa. English, French, Italian, Arabic, some HANDWRITING EXPERT. Grapho­ born Krefeld 2.6.1902. Bruchstr. 10, Mrs. Kate Garfunkel (n^e Frank), German, can take charge of accounts logical analyses, English or German, child Gordon Daniel, born London formerly Hamburg, passed away on dept. corresp. section or act as carried out at short notice, for private March, 1942. Last known address: February 4, 1957. Mourned by her Assistant Export Manager or OfBce or commercial purpose. Box 132. Duncan House, St. George's Avenue, children, relatives and many friends. Manager. Box 145. Northampton. GERMAN CLASSICS and English Mrs. Henny Lewent, of 32 Christ­ Personal Enquiries church Avenue, London, N.W.6 BOOKKEEPER up to Trial Balance, novels for sale. 137 Wembley Hill (formerly Berlin), passed away peace­ good ref., wants full- or part-time Road, Wembley Park, Middx. Mr. Robert Bright (Wemer Leipziger), fully after a short, serious illness work as freelance. Box 146. PRIVATE COLLECTOR wants last known living in London, wanted while on a visit to the United States. CLERK, 66, healthy, former agent, paintings and drawings by modem by Walter Grant (Grohnem). 20 We mourn the untimely death of our wants part-time work N.W.3 district. artists. Send details to Box 134. Dodgson Avenue, Leeds, 7. good mother. Herta and Hans Loeser, Correspondence English and German, Mr. Wemer Weissenberg, joined 69th Cambridge, Mass., Waltraut and invoicing, own typewriter. Box 147. Company. Royal Pioneer Corps. Helmut Lewent, Cambridge, England. Studied mathematics ; 1943 was trans­ Mrs. Miriam Radbil passed away on Women ALL MAKES ferred to the Royal Medical Corps January 26, aged 69. Deeply mourned HUNGARIAN OPERA SINGER. BOUGHT as Radiographer and later on was by her children and grandchildren, 4 years Dresden, 2 years Vienna, teacher at a high school in England. Otti, Ernst, Sarah Fabian, 42 Hert­ SOLD Last known address in 1946: Hardraw ford Str., Cambridge, and Joachim, 6 years Budapest, just arrived, pre­ EXCHANGED Vicarage, Hawes, Yorkshire. Reply Fridel, Michael Radbjl, 8b Daleham pared give lessons in singing and to AJR. Gardens. London, N.W.3. piano ; also work for children, sick and invalids considered. Speaks REPAIRED & MAINTAINED Mrs. Valerie Eichner (nie Halpem), Mrs. Toni Dienstfertig (formerly formerly Prag, later London, for Miss Berlin) passed away peacefully at German, French, English. Box 136 CHEMIST wants congenial work, Traute Gutherz, John Erikssonsvaeg Newlands Nursing Home on January ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. 84 B, Malmoe, Sweden. 25. Deeply mourned by her brother, pref. scientific translations, chemical sister-in-law and friends. W. Dean, or medical. Box 137. WELbeck 2528 Mr. Fritz Guttfeld, from Berlin, and 24 Belmont Court, Finchley Road, CORSETTIERE/FITTER, experi­ 18 CRAWFORD STREET wife Marlene, for Elise Sanders N.W.ll. enced, available for part-time or home (formerly Muenzer). nde Guttfeld. work. Box 138. (oH BAKER STREET), W.l Reply to AJR. AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 Page 11 AJR CLUB INVITES GABRIELE TERGIT AJR GENERAL MEETING Gabriele Tergit read extracts from her work before an audience which filled the Eli Selinger At the AJR General Meeting on February 18, allocations out of the heirless German-Jewish Room in Zion House, Eton Avenue, to capacity ^- H. Reichmann, who was in the chair, paid property. However, as previously, it was essen­ on Sunday, February 10. It was an opportunity mbute to the memory of Dr. Leo Baeck; it tial that the funds necessary for the AJR accom­ to glimpse quickly the fine humour and maturity Was a particular honour for us, he said, that Dr. plishing its tasks as an independent organisation of the well-known authoress. "Zeitgeist" and °aeck had always felt so closely connected to should be raised amongst the community ; it was characters emerge from a few strokes of her deft we AJR. Dr. Reichmann also recalled the work therefore gratifying that the voluntary rise in sub­ pen, as the excerpts from " Die Effingers " prove. M deceased members of the AJR Executive and scriptions, decided at the previous General Meet­ Reflections on the history of the bed—" Das Buch °oard, Mr. Louis Schurmann, Mr. Leo Ulmann ing, had met with a good response. vom Bett"—were highly enjoyable and, not least, *nd Dr. Max Bergenthal. A message of good After a brief discussion, the members of the instructive. This also holds good for the still- Wishes from Mr A. Schoyer for the further Executive and the Board were elected according success of the Association was read. unpublished book on people and flowers. to the proposals published in last month's issue A grateful audience thanked Gabriele Tergit for Describing some of the current activities of the of AJR Information. a delightful aftemoon. L.K. organisation. Dr. W. Rosenstock, the General Dr, F. Goldschmidt, Chief Legal Adviser of the secretary, stressed the wide range of long-term United Restitution Office, who had just returned FOURTH ANNUAL DINNER AND BALL OF «sks facing the AJR, which would necessitate from Germany where he had made representations " K.J.V." regarding two forthcoming legislative measures enlisting the active support of an increasing The K.J.V. (Kartell Juedischer Verbindungen) number of people. (the Third Implementary Order of the Federal Indemnification Law and the Bundesrueckerstat­ in Great Britain celebrated its 4th annual dinner Reporting on the schemes for Homes for the tungsgesetz) gave a report on the results achieved. and dance at the Washington Hotel, London, on aged the Vice-Chairman, Mr. A. Dresel, pointed Saturday, February 2. There was a record atten­ out that it was one of the aims of the Homes In concluding the meeting Dr. Reichmann dance of almost 200 guests, including provincial i? give residents as much privacy as possible. stressed that, in spite of the past holocaust, the representatives and fraternal delegates from other The schemes at present in preparation included surviving Jews from Germany had had the student bodies, such as the K.C., the F.W.V., and 'he establishment of a Home for the infirm. strength to build up their lives anew and also the Igul. On behalf of the Executive, Dr. Richard Which would be an adjunct to the proposed Home to care for the needy and the aged in their midst. Appel (Chairman), welcomed those present and ^i Hampstead Garden Suburb. (The contents of conveyed the greetings of the Presidium. Dr. Paul the reports are described in the article appearing GENERAL MEETING OF YOUTH ALIYAH Chapp (Chairman, K.C.), Dr. E. L. Gould (Chair­ On the front page of this issue.—Ed.) •• Youth Aliyah is a symbol of our time, tragic man, F.W.V.), and Dr. Eugen Felix (President, Mr. M. Pottlitzer, Treasurer, submitted the in meaning, but hopeful in result," said Mr. Eliahu Igul) responded to the Chairman's toast. Drs. financial report and pointed out that the financial Elath, Ambassador of Israel, when he addressed E. J. Norton and Harry Stem greatly contributed policy of the AJR had undergone a decisive change the annual meeting at the County Hall, West­ to the success of the evening, which concluded ouring the past three years. Whilst until then minster, on February 4. The gathering was with an all-star floor show. A bumper tombola, that part of the expenditure which could not be welcomed by the Vice-Chairman of the London organised by the ladies, raised a substantial sum Covered by subscriptions had been raised by County Council, Mr. O'Neill Ryan. for the support of needy members of the organisa­ advertisement drives in conjunction with concerts The guest speaker, Mrs. Mary Stocks, spoke of tion, of which Mr. R. J. Friedmann is the Hon. Or special publications, it was now covered by her own impressions during her two visits to Israel. Treasurer and Secretary.

"ASHDALE GUESTHOUSE" CONTINENTAL GLADSTONE GUESTHOUSE ^^' BEAULIEU RD., BOURNEMOUTH W. BOARDING HOUSE 27 Hoveden Road, N.W.2 off Walm Lane GUiSTHOUSi On beautiful " Alum Chine," 5 min. 41, West Heath Drive, N.W. 11 ^^o- All Conveniences. Excellent 26 Blenheim Gordens, N.W.2 (2 mins. Golders Green Underground Stn.) Single—Double Rooms Cuisine. Newly decorated, very well furnished bed/ (15 houses from underground and buses) sitting-rooms; h. & c; permanent guests Hot and Cold Water •^S'nis : From 5i^7 gns., according and visitors are welcome; meals optional. Permanej^and tennporary residents ; all Full or partial Board. room%..4^t and cold water. Garden, TV. to room and seoson. SPE. 8201 y^ GLAdstone 5622 rone : Westtx>urne 619471 We are seeking contact with Excellent Cuisine Prop.: E. BRUDER HOMEWORKER Tel.: GLA. 4641 THE DORICE " FURZEDOWN " Continental Cuisine — Licensed for the making of "* ideil plice for holidjys »nd convileicenc* I69a Finchley Rd.. N.W.S MAI 6301 Large garden with sunshed ROSEMOUNT PARTIES CATERED FOR Running h. a c. water in all first-floor bedrooms LEATHER BUTTONS 17 Parsifal Road, N.W.6 Home atmosphere. Continental cooking HAM 5856 Take a holiday now (all diets). Children welcome Leather can be supplied THE BOARDING-HOUSE WITH CULTURE at special low rates in^ '*>'' early for Easter. Whitsun and summer Ki^iMlly 'phone Godebrook 3555 Bournemouth A Home for you "ths. Reduced terms lor ofT-season periods after 8 p.m. Elderly people welcomed »nd for long or permanent residents SIMAR HOUSE 10, HERBCRT ROAD, ^OOp.ROAD, HINDHEAD, SURREY BOUKNEMOUTH ^^ Telephone: Hindhead 335 H. & c. in Qil'Tjedrooms. Television. Garage spaCe. Continental cuisine. '*f>hon« : Westbourne 64176 Mr. b Mrs. S. SMITH J. A. C ^ • ARLET " BROADHURST HALL '• BROADHURST GARDENS, N.W.i 77, St. Gabriel's Rood. London, N:W.2 (behind John Bam«) Tel. GLA 4029 Permanent Guests and Visitors coming to London Open Daily from 3 p m.—7 a.m, for— are welcome in my exquisitely furnished and cultivated Private Guest House '*as, Dinners & late Suppers Hot tr Cold Water, Rodiotor Heating Garden, Television Coffee Lounge — Candlelight Bar Continenul pieals can be provided if desired ••Wllent Cuisine — Own Viennese Patisserie Very good residential district. Buses and Tube very near We welcomeyour order for Pastries Mrs. Lotte Schwarx »nd Parties in your own home. •dances by Candlelight: Wednesdiy CONTINENTAL Saturday and Sunday Eveninfi CORSETS . CORSELETS BOARDING HOUSE "•"fa Hall and Private Roomt for ^ BELTS . BRASSIERES IN H^PSTEAD ^EODINGS. RECEPTIONS. MEETINGS CORSETS SILHOUETTE LTD., 130, PARK LANE. LONDON. W.l. Single—Double Rooms, H.C.W. / REUNIONS. Full or Partial Board •«l»«rs aad Friends Reserv. MAi 94S7 l>t€derate Terms Ring MAI 007* ««.^.a»Ba«^««i^s: i^

Page 12 AJR INFORMATION March, 1957 ZRNITH PHOTOCOPIES OF DOCUMENTS If it's TYPEWRITERS ALL STYLE and Duplicators From 1/6 TAILOR Phone: DECORATING SBBTICE LTD. Price reductions for quantities. MAI 1271 MAC 1454 SUITS & COSTUMES made to measure by first-class Tailors in our COLDERSTAT A. BREUp^ E. MIEDZWINSKI own workrooms. Works: 25, DOWNHAM ROAD, N.l 57 Fairfax Rd. ZT^EFFREYS ROAD, S.W.4 W.6. We specialize in: •Phpnes : CLItsold 6713 (3 UHM) ^ While you wait ALTERATIONS & REMODELLING Residonte^: 54, GOLDERS GARDENS H. WOORTMAN all Ladies* & Gentlemen's Suits at Com­ r^ N.W.ll. 'Phones : SPEedwall 5643 PHOTOCOPIES OF YOUR 8 Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.S petitive Prices. Tel. HAM 3t74 DOCUMENTS from I /6 onwards 172 FINCHLEY RD., LONDON, N.W.3 Continental Builder and Decorator ANY PRINTING Tuesday to Saturday 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. (HAM 8101) Specialist in Dry Rot Repairs Private ond Commercial. or 'phone for appointment ^-''' ESTIMATES FREE (between Finchley Rd. Underground and L.M.S. First-class Work. Quickest Service. Mrs. H. M. Barry Sutions) Plot 115, 20 Abbey Rd., St. John's Wood, Urgent matters in 24 hours. SHOE REPAIRS CUN 4860 Ext. 115 N.W.< tyt. WALL CLE. 6723 RICH'S SHOE REPAIR SERVICE AJR (formerly REICH) now at NORBERT COHN HAMDICBAFT-dROIJP 133, HAMILTON ROAD, N.W.ll RABENSTEIN LTD. (2 min. Brent Station) F.B.O.A. (Hons.), D.Orth. We Collect and Delirer Great selection of attractive and useful Kosher Butchers, Poulterers OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN Tet: SPEedwell 7463 HAMpstead 1037 and 20 Northwayt, Parade, Finchley Rood ot reasonable prices Sausage Manufacturers Reissner & Goldberg SwTsi Cottage, N.W.S Gift tokens available Under the Supervision of tiie Beth Din ^,..-'''^^ Tel. PRImrose »»60 Orders for any kind of needlework ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS will be gladly accepted 14T Canterbury Road, N.W.6 High-Class Interior 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.3 Wholesale and Retail MAI 6721 Decorating (Fairfox Road corner) MAI. 4449 fl of first-class Before 8.15 a.m. and after 7 p.m. Open : Monday—Thursday 10-1, 3-6 ^ MAI 2646, 0359 H. KAUFMANN Friday 10-1 Continental Sausages 16B Hampstead Hill Gardens, N.W.3 SPACE DONATED BY S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN , Tel. HAMpstead 8936 Wines and Spirits Deliveries Daily VESOP A Importers & Exporters /I CRUTCHED FRIARS, LONDON, E.C.3 ^ fiaifoufing Sovfm. ^euts. Qnufies, ein STANDARD SEWING 5, Fairhazel Gardens, N.W.6 MACHINE SERVICE LTD ll^^djl M. GLASER Tel: MAI 3224 & MAI 9236 Tel.: WEL 252t PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER All makes of Sewing Machines Sold, All Re-Uphol

frinleJ ty The Sharix Press: C. Barclay (London), Ltd. 31, Fumival Street, Lorubm, E.C.4. DRITTE DURCHFUEHRUNGSVERORDNUNG zum Bundesentschaedigungsgesetz (3. DV/BEG) vom 20.3.1957 (BGBl. vom 23.3.1957 Nr. 9, S.269) SCHADEN IM BERUFLICHEN FORTKOMMEN dargestellt von K. Friedlander (London) Die Bundesregierung ist in § 126 Abs. 1 des Bundesentschaedigungsgesetzes (BEG 1956) ermaechtigt worden, zur Durchfuehrung der sS 65 bis 98 BEG sowie der §§ 110 bis 122 BEG Rechtsverordnungen zu erlassen. Sie hat von dieser Ermaechtigung Gebrauch gemacht und die oben genannte Durchfuehrungsverordnung erlassen. Da die Verordnung ^}ir eine Ergaenzung der Bestimmungen des BEG ist, so muss sie zusammen mit dem BEG oder dem Aufsatz ueber den Inhalt des BEG 1956 (oonderbeilage zu " AJR Information " August 1956) gelesen werden. Soweit es zum Verstaendnis notwendig ist, sind die Bestimmungen aes BEG 1956 wiederholt. Die 3. Durchfuehrungsverordnung hat so lange auf sich warten lassen, dass einzelne Entschaedigungsbehoerden auf Grund der vorliegenden •c-ntwuerfe der 3. DV Entscheidungen gefaellt haben, sich aber vorbehalten haben, diese Entscheidungen nach Erlass der 3. DV zu ueber- Pniefen. In der Einleitung zur Durchfuehrungsverordnung ist bestimmt, dass, soweit vor ihrer Verkuendung Ansprueche von Berechtigten ^urch Bescheid oder rechtskraeftige gerichtliche Entscheidung vorbehalilos festgesetzt worden sind, es hierbei zu Gunsten des Berechtigten ^in Bewenden behaelt. Es ist femer bestimmt, dass die 3. DV nicht im Saarland gilt. Diese Bestimmung war notwendig, da auch das BEG 1956 vorlaeufig im Saarland keine Geltung hat. Die in der folgenden Darstellung gewaehlten Ueberschriften sind aus der Verordnung selbst entnommen. I. SELBSTAENDIGE BERUFE Der selbstaendige Beruf steht im Gegensatz zum unselbstaendigen Beruf. Der Unterschied zwischen selbstaendiger und unselbstaendiger iaetigkeit ist wichtig, da fuer beide verschiedene Bestimmungen bezueghch der Entschaedigung gelten. Bei der Entscheidung dieser Frage ann als Anhaltspunkt gelten, ob Einkommen-oder Lohnsteuei gezahlt wurde oder ob Beitraege zur Sozialversicherung geleistet worden sind. 1. BESONDERE Praxis kann einen selbstaendigen Vermoegenswert darstellen (siehe ANSPRUCHSVORAUSSETZUNGEN Entscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofes vom 12.12.1956, Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, Rechtsprechung zur Wiedergutmachung, ^''irenzung gegenueber dem Schaden in der Nutvtng del Eigentums Heft 3, 1957, S.83). ^nd Vermoegens (§ 1 Z)K, § 65 BEG) Das BEG bestimmt, dass ein Schaden im berufiichen Fortkommen Selbstaendige Erwerbstaetigkeit (§ 2 DF, § 66 BEG) °rliegt, wenn der \'erfolgte in der Nutzung seiner Arheitskraji Selbstaendige Erwerbstaetigkeit ist jede berufsmaessig ausgeuebte Seschaedigt worden ist. und auf Erzielung von Einkuenften gerichtete Taetigkeit von nicht Die DV erlaeutert dies dahin, dass der Ausfall an Einkommen aus nur voruebergehender Dauer, die nicht auf Grund eines Dienst—oder er Land—und Forstwirtschaft und aus Gewerbebetrieb insoweit Arbeitsverhaeltnisses ausgeuebt worden ist. " Schaden in der Nutzung der Arbeitskraft gilt, als es sich um Es faellt unter diese Bestimmung jede Art von Taetigkeit, die ^sfall fuer die Taetigkeit des Verfolgten als Betriebsinhaber handelt. beruflich ausgeuebt worden ist, also auch Nebentaetigkeit. Der vom Gesetzgeber gemachte Unterschied zwischen Einkommen Us der Arbeit des Verfolgten und Einkommen aus der Betriebssub- Verdraengung aus selbstaendiger Taetigkeit (§ 3 D F, § 66 BEG) tanz ist von grosser Bedeutung. Es sei daher die Begruendung des Eine Verdraengung aus selbstaendiger Erwerbstaetigkeit liegt vor, Ent^rf s zu dieser Bestimmung im Wortlaut wiedergegeben. wenn dem Verfolgten die Fortsetzung dieser Taetigkeit durch national­ Die Bestimmung ergaenzt § 65 BEG insoweit, als sie den Schaden in der sozialistische Gewaltmassnahmen unmoeglich gemacht worden ist. rjutzung der Arbeitskraft gegenueber dem Schaden in der Nutzung des Die Ausuebung eines gegen den Verfolgten selbst gerichteten Zwanges 5-'Sentums und des Vermoegens abgrenzt. Diese .\bgrenzung ist vor allem 'ni HinbUck auf die Neuregelung des § 56 BEG notwendig geworden, nach ist nicht erforderlich. Oer dem Verfolgten auch eine Entschaedigung fuer die Beeintraechtigung in Voraussetzung ist nach § 64 BEG, dass die Schaedigung nicht nur ^er Nutzung seines Eigentums oder seines Verraoegens geleistet werden geringfuegig ist. Die vollkommene Verdraengung aus der beruf­ sann. lichen Taetigkeit ist aber nie geringfuegig, da sie die Vernichtung der . Die Bestimmung des § 1 DV geht davon aus, dass ein Unternehmer, der gesamten Lebensgrundlage des Verfolgten herbeifuehrt. Durch die ^•nen Betrieb der Land—-und Forstwirtschaft oder einen Gewerbebetrieb "Streibt, Einkuenfte nicht nur aus der Nutzung seiner Arbeitskraft, sondem Verdraengung ist der Schadenstatbestand des Schadens im beruf­ uch aus der Nutzung seines Geschaeftsvermoegens erzielt. Da der Unter- lichen Fortkommen gegeben. ?eomer fuer den Schaden, den er durch den Ausfall an Einkuenften aus der ^itzung seines Geschaeftsvermoegens erlitten hat, bereits eine Entschaedi- Beschraenkung in der Ausuebung der selbstaendigen Erwerbstaetigkeit Sung wegen eines Vermoegensschadens nach § 56 BEG erhaelt, bestimmt § 1, (§4Z)F, §66 5f:G) Qass er als Berufsschaden nur den Ausfall an Entgelt fuer seine Taetigkeit Nach § 66 BEG wird nicht nur die Verdraengung, sondern auch die *. Betriebsinhaber geltend machen kann. Eine strenge Abgrenzung zwischen ^lesen beiden Xutzungsschaeden kann in der Praxis zwar zu Schwierigkeiten wesentliche Beschraenkung in der Ausuebung der selbstaendigen '^ehren. Es ist aber davon auszugehen, dass als Nutzungswert des Geschaefts- Erwerbstaetigkeit entschaedigt. Nach der DV ist diese Beschraenkung ^ertnoegens der fiktive Pachtwert des Unternehmens gilt, so dass der Diffe- jede Behinderung der Taetigkeit nach Art und Umfang durch enzbetrag zwischen diesem Pachtwert und den gesamten Einkuenften aus nationalsozialistische Gewaltmassnahmen. Wesentlich ist in der fri"^ Untemehmen das Entgelt fuer die Taetigkeit als Betriebsinhaber (Untemehmerlofm) darstellt. Bei der Regelung des § 1 ist bewusst nicht auf Regel die Beschraenkung, wenn sie in der Gesamtzeit der Schaedigung ^s fiktive Geschaeftsfuehrergehalt abgesteUt worden, da dieses kein ange- zu einer Einkommensminderung von mehr als 25% gefuehrt hat. "lessenes Entgelt fuer die Unternehmertaetigkeit ist. .^ Aus der Regelung des § 1 folgt, dass das Tragen der unternehmerischen Mehrere selbstaendige Erwerbstaetigkeiten (§ 5 D F) ^rantwortlichkeit und die .\usuebung der Unternehmerinitiative von der Hat der Verfolgte gleichzeitig mehrere selbstaendige Erwerbs­ -• utzung der Arbeitskrait mitumfasst wird. War daher der Unternehmer taetigkeiten ausgeuebt, und ist er nicht aus jeder dieser Taetigkeiten urch die Verfolgung nur gehindert. In seinem Betrieb selbst mitzuarbeiten, ^ehrend er die untemehmerische VerantwortUchkeit getragen hat, indem verdraengt worden, so liegt eine Beschraenkung in der Ausuebung r Seinen Betrieb durch Angestellte oder seinen Ehegatten weiterfuehren der selbstaendigen Erwerbstaetigkeit vor. Diese Bestimmung hat ess, so Uegt insoweit nur ein Beschraenkungsschaden und kein Verdraen- fuer verfolgte Juden nur sehr geringe Bedeutung, da sie in der Regel sj^ogsschaden vor. War der Unternehmer dagegen genoetigt, auch die aus alien ihren Taetigkeiten verdraengt worden sind. Es kann sich erantwortUchkeit fuer die Fuehrung des Unternehmens aufzugeben, z.B. t^v* Betrieb zu verpachten, so handelt es sich um einen Verdraengungs- hier nur um einen sehr kurzen Zeitraum handeln, wenn die Ver­ 7?haden." draengung aus einer Taetigkeit spaeter als aus der anderen erfolgt ist. ^^u der Substanz eines Untemehmens gehoeren z.B. die Aus- Wenn jemand aus mehreren selbstaendigen Taetigkeiten gleich­ »-^^Unp*uung' pinAeiner TTIinil/KUnik- , rioder \fQcr.|iinonT^Qrl/Maschinenpark- MT\e.r-einer Fabrik der GoOd zeitig verdraengt ist, so muss seine gesamte Taetigkeit als eine ^^- Patente und Lizenzen eines Untemehmens. Auch die aerztliche einheitliche angesehen werden. 2. DIE GESETZLICHEN ANSPRUECHE Die Entschaedigung betraegt also vom 30.6.1938 bis zum 30.6.1948 (a) Darlehen 10 Jahre je 3.600—: 36.000.—, dividiert durch 5 DM 7.200, vom 1.7.1948 bis zum 30.6.1956 Nach §§ 67—73 BEG kann der Verfolgte ein Darlehen erhalten, 8 Jahre je 3.600.- DM 28.800. wenn er dies zur Wiederaufnahme seiner frueheren Taetigkeit benoetigt. Die Hoechstgrenze ist DM 30 000; wenn die Aufnahme Gesamtentschaedigung DM 36.000.— unter besonders erschwerten Bedingungen erfolgt, so kann ein Zusatzdarlehen bis DM 20 000 gegeben werden. Die Durchfuehrungsverordnung bringt hierzu erlaeuternde Bestim­ Auf diese Gesamtentschaedigung wird das Arbeitseinkommen seit mungen. Diese Bestimmungen haben aus tatsaechlichen Gruenden dem 1.7.1948 angerechnet, wobei a\s Freigrenze verbleibt die Differenz fuer im Ausland lebende Verfolgte nur geringes Interesse. zwischen dem in der Tabelle 3 angegebenen erreichbaren Dienst­ einkommen und der Gesamtentschaedigung (§77 BEG, ^7 DV).

(b) Kapitalentschaedigung Ausreichende Lebensgrundlage (§ 12 £) F, § 75 BEG) Die Bestimmungen ueber Kapitalentschaedigung und die spaeter Die Kapitalentschaedigung wird nach § 75 BEG nicht ueber den eroerterten Bestimmungen ueber Rente sind der Kernpunkt der Zeitpunkt hinaus geleistet, in dem der Verfolgte eine Erwerbstaetig­ Regelung des Schadens im berufiichen Fortkommen. keit aufgenommen hat, die ihm nachhaltig eine ausreichende Lebens­ Diese Regelung ist so kompliziert, dass es notwendig erscheint, mit grundlage bietet. einer zusammenfassenden Darstellung zu beginnen und erst dann die Nach dem klaren Wortlaut des Gesetzes kommt es nur auf die einzelnen Bestimmungen der 3. DV (Ausreichende Lebensgrundlage, eigene Erwerbstaetigkeit des Verfolgten an. Es kommt nicht darauf Berechnung der Kapitalentschaedigung, Einreihung in eine vergleich­ an, ob eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage auf andere Weise gesichert bare Beamtengruppe, erreichbare Dienstbezuege eines vergleich­ ist, z.B. durch Einkommen aus Vermoegen oder Verdienste von baren Bundesbeamten, Alters—und Hinterbliebenenversorgung, Familienangehoerigen. Es wird daher auch durch Heirat ein Ende Beruecksichtigung anderweitigen Arbeitseinkommens, Umrechnung des Entschaedigungszeitraums nicht herbeigefuehrt. Es gilt hier der Kapitalentschaedigung) zu erlaeutem. der gleiche Grundsatz, wie er im § 1 der 3. DV zum Ausdruck gekom- Die Kapitalentschaedigung wird fuer die Zeit des Entschaedigungs- men ist (siehe die Ausfuehrungen zu dieser Bestimmung). zeitraums gezahlt. Der Entschaedigungszeitraum beginnt bei einem Selbstaendigen mit der Schaedigung, also mit der Beschraenkung in Die nachhaltige Lebensgrundlage muss zur Zeit der Entscheidung der Ausuebung des Berufs, bei einem Angestellten mit der Entlassung noch vorhanden sein. Dies ergibt sich daraus, dass in § 75 Abs. 1 oder Aufgabe seiner Stellung oder mit dem Zeitpunkt, in dem er aus BEG gesagt ist " die ihm eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage bietet." Verfolgungsgruenden keine Beschaeftigung finden konnte. Nur wenn der Verfolgte seine Taetigkeit mutwillig aufgegeben hat, koennte nach allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsaetzen eine andere Beurtei­ Der Entschaedigungszeitraum endet mit dem Zeitpunkt, in dem lung gerechtfertigt sein. Nach § 75 Abs. 2 BEG ist ausreichend " eine der Verfolgte eine Erwerbstaetigkeit aufgenommen hat, die ihm Lebensgrundlage, die dem Verfolgten und seinen unterhaltsberech­ eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage bietet. Auf jeden Fall endet tigten Familienangehoerigen nachhaltig eine solche Lebensfuehrung der Zeitraum der Kapitalentschaedigung mit dem Zeitpunkt, in dem einschliesslich einer angemessenen Vorsorge fuer sein Alter und seine der Verfolgte tatsaechlich nicht mehr arbeitsfaehig ist. Es wird Hinterbliebenen ermoeglicht, die Personen mit gleicher oder aehn­ vermutet, dass dies der F'all ist, wenn der Verfolgte das 70. Lebens­ licher Berufsausbildung in der Regel haben." jahr vollendet hat. Die Arbeitsunfaehigkeit fuehrt das Ende des Entschaedigungszeitraumes nicht herbei, wenn sie um mindestens Die Auslegung dieser Bestimmung hat den Entschaedigungs­ 50% verfolgungsbedingt ist. behoerden grosse Schwierigkeiten bereitet. Um die Grundlage fuer Die Hoehe der Entschaedigung ergibt sich nicht unmittelbar aus eine einheitliche Praxis zu schaffen,hat die 3. DV daher eine Tabelle dem Einkommen vor der Verfolgung. Dieses Einkommen unter aufgestellt (Tabelle 1), in der gesagt ist, was als eine ausreichende Beruecksichtigung der vorberuflichen Ausbildung und Weiterbildung Lebensgrundlage in der Regel anzusehen ist. Die in der Tabelle bildet lediglich die Grundlage fuer die Einreihung in die Tabelle genannten Saetze muessen als Mindestsaetze angesehen werden und 2. Der Verfolgte wird auf Grund seines Einkommens unter Berueck­ muessen auch dann gelten, wenn das fruehere Einkommen unter sichtigung der vorberuflichen Ausbildung und Weiterbildung in die diesen Saetzen gelegen hat. Eine Abweichung von diesen Saetzen ist Gruppe des einfachen, mittleren, gehobenen oder hoeheren Dienstes aber zu Gunsten des Verfolgten moeglich, wenn sich aus der An­ eingereiht, und zwar entsprechend seinem Lebensalter. wendung der Tabelle Haerten ergeben, z.B. bei kinderreichen Familien, Fuer die Lebensaltersstufen ist massgebend der Zeitpunkt der da in der Tabelle der Familienstand nicht beruecksichtigt ist. Die Schaedigung. fruehere Fassung des BEG (BEG 53) sah ein Zurueckgreifen aui die fruehere Taetigkeit in dem Falle vor, in dem der Verfolgte sie Die Berechnung der Kapitalentschaedigung auf Grund der ge­ wieder aufgenommen hatte. Diese Bestimmung ist fortgefallen- schilderten Regelung sei an folgendem Beispiel erlaeutert: Auch hieraus folgt, dass es nur darauf ankommt, ob die jetzige Ein Verfolgter war zum Zeitpunkt der Schaedigung am 30.6.1938 Taetigkeit objektiv eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage bietet. 38 Jahre alt und hatte ein Jahreseinkommen von RM 4.500. Er hat eine Erwerbstaetigkeit, die ihm nachhaltig eine ausreichende Le­ Besondere Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich, wenn das anzurechnende bensgrundlage bietet, am 1.7.1956 aufgenommen. Dann ist seine Einkommen im Ausland verdient ist. Eine Umrechnung nach den Kapitalentschaedigung auf der Gnindlage von Tabelle 2 auf folgende amtlichen Devisenkursen vorzunehmen, kann zu keiner zufrieden- Weise zu berechnen: steUenden Regelung fuehren, da in diesen Kursen die verschiedett^ Zunaechst erfolgt seine Einordnung in eine vergleichbare Beamten­ innere Kaufkraft und die verscliiedene I.ebenshaltung der einzelnen gruppe. Es sei unterstellt, dass in unserm Falle die Einreihung in Laender nicht zum Ausdruck kommt. die Gmppe des mittleren Dienstes erfolgt. Seine Entschaedigung ist Die 3. DV erkennt dies auch in § 12 Abs. 3 an und bestimmt: demnach, da er zur Zeit der Schaedigung zwischen 35 und 45 Jahre alt war, auf der Grundlage eines vergleichbaren Beamten mit einem " Ergibt sich aus der Umrechnung der Einkuenfte nach den Diensteinkommen von jaehriich 4.000.—zu errechnen (Tabelle 2, amtlichen Devisenkursen waehrend des gesamten Zeitraums, fuer Nr. 2a, Spalte 2). Der jaehrliche Entschaedigungsbetrag belaeuft sich den die Einkuenfte zu beruecksichtigen sind, zu Ungunsten des auf f dieser Summe, also 3.000.—(Tabelle 2, Nr. 2b, Spalte 2). Verfolgten eine Abweichung von mindestens 10% gegenueber der Soweit fehlende Altersversorgung zu beruecksichtigen ist, tritt ein Umrechnung der Einkuenfte nach der Kaufkraft der auslaen­ Zuschlag von 20% hinzu. Dies ergibt einen jaehrlichen Entschaedi­ dischen Waehrung, so soil die Kaufkraft angemessen berueck­ gungsbetrag von 3.600.—(TabeOe 2, Nr. 2c, Spalte 2). Zur Errech­ sichtigt werden." nung der Gesamtentschaedigung ist dieser Betrag fuer die Zeit vor dem 1.7.1948 im Verhaeltnis von 10:2 umzurechnen, d.h. durch 5 zu Eine dem Sinne der Wiedergutmachung entsprechende Regelung dividieren; vom 1.7.1948 gilt der Betrag als DM. muss den besonderen \'erhaeltnissen Rechnung tragen, in denen Sich die im Ausland lebenden Verfolgten des Nationalsozialismus Fuer die Bewertung eines im .'\usland erzielten Emkommens befinden. Es sind vom Statistischen Bundesamt in Deutschland gelten gemaess § 17 Abs. 2 die gleichen Grundsaetze wie bei der ^tatistiken ueber das Verhaeltnis der Kaufkraft in den einzelnen Erreichung einer ausreichenden Lebensgrundlage. ^aendem aufgestellt. In diesen auf allgemeiner Grundlage gefuehrten Wie hoch das erreichbare Einkommen ist, ergibt sich aus der ^tatistiken kann aber die besondere Lage der Refugees nicht zum Tabelle 3. Fuer die Einreihung in die Lebensaltersstufen isi mass­ Ausdruck kommen. So sagt auch das Statistische Bundesamt in der gebend das Ende des Entschaedigungszeitraums, und wenn dieser ^inleitung zu Nr. 9 seiner Schriftenreihe " Einzelhandelspreise im noch fortbesteht, der Zeitpunkt der Entscheidung. Ausland" (Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart-Koeln), dass die von ihm Es wird also nicht angerechnet die Differenz zwdschen der Ent­ ^echneten Preisrelationen nach der Verteilung der Ausgaben im schaedigung und dem erreichbaren Diensteinkommen. aushalt einer bestimmten Verbraucherschicht zusammengewogen Hieraus ergibt sich der eigenartige Zustand, dass der Zuschlag *orden sind. Die Ergebnisse seien deshalb streng genommen nur von 20% wegen fehlender Altersversorgung wieder weggenommen ,ner diese Verbraucherschicht zutreffend. Es bliebe zu pruefen, wird, da er in die Entschaedigungssumme eingerechnet ist. Das inwieweit eine analoge Anwendung fuer andere Schichten vertretbar Gesetz laesst aber keine andere Auslegung zu. Es handelt sich hier sei. um einen offenbaren Fehler in der Formulierung des Gesetzes. Einen Anhaltspunkt fuer die Umrechnung koennen die Zuschlaege Umrechnung der Kapitalentschaedigung (§ 18 DF, § 80 BEG) leten, die Beamte der Deutschen Bundesrepublik im Ausland ^fhalten. Diese betragen in England 50%. Auch die Bundesver- Fuer die Zeit vor dem 1.7.1948 ist der Betrag der Kapitalent­ ^icherungsanstalt beruecksichtigt bei Zahlung von freiwilligen schaedigung in Reichsmark zu berechnen und im Verhaeltnis von ^itraegen von im Ausland lebenden Verfolgten die verschiedene 10 zu 2 in Deutsche Mark umzurechnen. "^aufkraft; fuer England ist sie damit einverstanden, dass das Weiterleistung der Kapitalentschaedigung (§ 19 DF, § 80 BEG) ^usche Pfund mit DM 6.20 berechnet wird. Bestehen nach Festsetzung oder nach rechtskraeftiger gericht- Waehrend bisher nach der 3. DV 1953 die Umrechnung nach der licher Entscheidung die Voraussetzungen fuer die Leistung der ^aufkraft nur auf Antrag vorgenommen wurde, ist jetzt von Amts Kapitalentschaedigung fort, so wird der der Berechnung zugrunde ^egen zu pruefen, ob sich bei der Umrechnung nach der Kaufkraft gelegte Jahresbetrag in monatlichen Teilbetraegen solange weiter- eine fuer den Verfolgten guenstigere Regelung ergibt. Die Entschaedi- gezahlt, bis der Hoechstbetrag der Kapitalentschaedigung von toUngsorgane werden sich also in jedem Fall mit der Frage der Um- DM 40 000 erreicht ist oder der Entschaedigungszeitraum endet. •^nnung nach der Kaufkraft auseinanderzusetzen haben. Da das Gesetz hierueber nichts sagt, ist auf diese Teilbetracge anderweitiger Verdienst nicht anzurechnen. ^I^chnung der Kapitalentschaedigung und Einreihung in eine vergleich- bare Beaintengruppe (§§ 13 und 14 DF, § 76 BEG) Anzeigepflicht (§ 20 DF, § 80 BEG) ^ach § 76 BEG erfolgt die Berechnung des jaehrlichen Betrages Der Verfolgte ist verpflichtet, der zustaendigen Entschaedigungs­ er Kapitalentschaedigung auf der Grundlage von drei Vierteln des behoerde die Tatsachen unverzueglich mitzuteilen, die zu einer 'ensteinkommens eines vergleichbaren Bundesbeamten. Hierbei Beendigung der Weiterzahlung der monathchen Teilbetraege fuehren p gemaess § 13 DV die der DV beigefuegte Tabelle 2 zugrunde zu wuerden. ^?w, die das durchschnitthche Diensteinkommen dieser Beamten- (c) Rente f^Ppen, nach Lebensaltersstufen, ausweist. Fuer die Einreihung j^t die Berufsausbildung des \'erfolgten und seine wirtschaftliche Nach § 81 BEG kann der Verfolgte an Stelle der Kapitalent­ j^tellung vor der ^'erfolgung massgebend. Auf seine soziale Stellung schaedigung eine Rente waehlen. Die Rente wird ohne Ruecksicht onimt es nicht mehr an. Berufliche Entwicklungsmoeglicjikeiten auf die Hoehe der Kapitalentschaedigung auf Lebenszeit geleistet. es Verfolgten, der erst am Anfang seiner Laufbahn steht, sind Nach dem Tode des Verfolgten steht der Witwe unter den im Gesetz 'igemessen zu beruecksichtigen. Es ist in diesem Falle das Einkommen angegebenen Voraussetzungen eine Witwenrente und den Kindern, ^"^grunde zu legen, das der Verfolgte voraussichtlich erreicht haette. solange fuer sie nach Beamtenrecht Kinderzuschlaege gewaehrt aesst sich dieses nicht feststellen, so bemisst sich die wirtschaftliche werden, eine Kinderrente zu (§§ 85, 86 BEG). tellung nach dem Durchschnittseinkommen, das im gleichen Bemf ^-rwerbstaetige in der Regel erzielt haben. Voraussetzung fuer das Rentenwahlrecht (§ 21 DF, § 82 BEG) t, Voraussetzung fuer das Wahlrecht ist, dass der Verfolgte im ''^eichbare Dienstbezuege eines vergleichbaren Beamten (^15DF, Zeitpunkt der Entscheidung keine Erwerbstaetigkeit ausuebt, die ^ 76 Abs. 2 Satz 2 BEG) ihm eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage bietet, und dass ihm die Diese Bestimmung bezieht sich nur auf verfolgungsbedingte Aufnahme einer solchen Erwerbstaetigkeit nicht zuzumuten ist. ^^chraenkting der frueheren Erwerbstaetigkeit, ist also fuer Juden Die Aufnahme einer solchen Erwerbstaetigkeit ist dem Verfolgten nr von geringem Interesse, da diese aus alien ihren Taetigkeiten insbesondere dann nicht zuzumuten, wenn er im Zeitpunkt der erdraengt worden sind. Die Bestimmung ist aber von Bedeutung Entscheidung das 65. Lebensjahr vollendet hat; bei Frauen tritt "^er die Beruecksichtigung des anderweitigen Arbeitseinkommens. an Stelle des 65. das 60. Lebensjahr. Der Ausuebung einer Erwerbs­ taetigkeit, die dem Verfolgten eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage "^Iters—und Hinterbliebenenversorgung (§ 16 DF, § 76 Abs. 3 BEG) bietet, ist eine Versorgung aus einer frueher ausgeuebten Erwerbs­ /Ou der auf der Grundlage von J der Dienstbezuege des vergleich- taetigkeit gleichzuachten (§ 82 BEG). aren Beamten errechneten Entschaedigung tritt als Ausgleich fuer Bei der Bestimmung ueber das Ende des Entschaedigungszeitraums 2no Altersversorgung nach § 76 Abs. 3 BEG ein Zuschlag von war alleinige Voraussetzung, dass der Verfolgte eine ausreichende /o- Bei vorgeruecktem Alter des Verfolgten kann dieser Zuschlag Lebensgrundlage erreicht hat. Bei der Rente tritt als weitere Vor­ Von 20% erhoeht werden. aussetzung hinzu, dass er eine zumutbare Taetigkeit nicht ausuebt. Der Zuschlag nach § 16 DV wird nicht gewaehrt, wenn der Verfolgte Fuer die ausreichende Lebensgrundlage gelten die gleichen Vor­ , nspruch oder Anwartschaft auf lebenslaengliche Versorgung nach aussetzungen wie bei der Kapitalentschaedigung. eamtenrechtlichen Vorschriften oder Grundsaetzen oder auf Ruhe- Fuer die fehlende Altersversorgung ist zu dem Durchschnittsein­ nn sowie auf HinterbUebenenversorgung hat. kommen der in der Tabelle 1 vorgesehene Zuschlag von 20% hinzu- zurechnen. Eine Erhoehung dieses Zuschlages bei vorgeruecktem l^ecksichtigung des anderweitigen Arbeitseinkommens nach ^ 77 BEG Alter, wie es bei der Kapitalentschaedigung vorgesehen ist, findet Is 17 DF) nicht statt. Als Versorgung aus einer fraeher ausgeuebten Erwerbs­ Von dem fuer den gesamten Entschaedigungszeitraum errechneten taetigkeit gelten die laufenden Leistungen einschliessUch der Leistung etrag ist das waehrend des gesamten Entschaedigungszeitraums aus der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung, die der \'erfolgte auf ,'^'^n anderweitige Verwertung der Arbeitskraft erzielte Einkommen Grund eines Dienst—oder Arbeitsverhaeltnisses erhaelt, sofem sie zuziehen, soweit es zusammen mit der Entschaedigungssumme nicht ausschliesslich auf seinen eigenen Geldleistungen beruhen. le erreichbaren Verdienste eines vergleichbaren Beamten ueber- Der Ausuebung einer Erwerbstaetigkeit, die dem Verfolgten eine ^'gt. Dabei ist das Einkommen, das vor dem 1. Juh 1948 erzielt ausreichende Lebensgrandlage bietet, ist eine Vcrsorgung dann ^Orden ist, nicht zu beraecksichtigen (§ 77 BEG). Es sind das seit jjleichzuachten, wenn die laufenden Leistungen den nach § 83 BEG em 1. jy^ ]^94g erzielte Einkommen und die Entschaedigungs- zu errechnenden Rentenbetraegen entsprechen. .'^nie fuer den gesamten Entschaedigungszeitraum gegenueberzu- Die Bestimmung bei Kapitalentschaedigung fuer Bewertung von Verdienst im Ausland findet entsprechende Anwendung. Berechnung der Rente (§ 22 DF, § 83 BEG) (2) Versorgungsbezuege aus oeffentUchen Mitteln im Sinne des § 85 Abs. 2 Satz 2 BEG sind insbesondere Die Rente wird auf der Grundlage von zwei Diitteln der Ver­ 1. Versorgungsbezuege nach beamtenrechtUchen Vorschriften oder sorgungsbezuege eines vergleichbaren Bundesbeamten en-echnet. Grundsaetzen oder Ruhelohn, Der monatliche Hoechstbetrag der Rente betraegt DM 600. Hat der 2. Leistungen aus der gesetzUchen Rentenversicherung, sofern diese Verfolgte die Rente gewaehlt, so erhaelt er fuer die Zeit vor dem nicht ausschliesslich auf eigenen Geldleistungen des Verfolgten oder Berechtigten beruhen, 1.11.1953 eine Entschaedigung in Hoehe der Rentenbezuege eines 3. Leistungen nach dem Bundesversorgungsgesetz, Jahres. 4. Rentenleistungen nach BEG, sofern diese Leistungen nicht bereits Die Berechnung der Rente ergibt sich aus der der DV beigefuegten nach §§ 120, 121 BEG beruecksichtigt werden. Tabelle 4. Die Einreihung ist die gleiche wie bei der Errechnung der (3) Steht mehreren Berechtigten eine Rente zu, so wird die Rente des emzelnen Berechtigten nach § 85 Abs. 2 BEG nur insoweit gekuerzt, als er Kapitalentschaedigung mit der Massgabe, dass fuer die Einreihung selbst Versorgungsbezuege von mehr als 150 Deutsche Mark im Monat in die Altersstufen von dem Lebensalter des Verfolgten am 1.11.1953 erhaet. (Inkrafttreten des BEG) auszugehen ist. Die Renten sehen entspre­ Beginn der Rentenzahlung fuer den ueberlebenden Ehegatten und die chend der inzwischen erfolgten Erhoehung der Gehaelter der Bundes­ Kinder (§ 25 DF, § 85 BEG) beamten vom 1.1.1956 eine Erhoehung von 12% vor. Die Umrechnung Ist der Verfolgte nach Ausuebung des Wahlrechts verstorben, so bisher festgesetzter Renten erfolgt von Amts wegen. beginnt die Zahlung der Rente an die Witwe und die Kinder mit dem Ersten des Monats, der dem Monat folgt, in dem der Verfolgte Entschaedigung vor dem 1.11.1953 (§ 23 DV, § 83 Abs. 3 BEG) gestorben ist. Im uebrigen wird die Rente vom Ersten des Monats Hat der Verfolgte die Rente gewaehlt, so erhaelt er, wie schon an gezahlt, in dem der Verfolgte gestorben ist. gesagt, fuer die Zeit vor dem 1.11.1953 eine Entschaedigung in Hoehe Anzeigepflicht (§ 26 DV) der Rentenbezuege eines Jahres. Diese Entschaedigung wird in Deutscher Mark berechnet. Der Anspruch auf diese ist im Rahmen Der Berechtigte ist verpflichtet, der zustaendigen Entschae­ der allgemeinen Bestimmungen des BEG vererblich und uebertragbar digungsbehoerde die Tatsachen unverzueglich anzuzeigen, die ('"§ 13 U.14 BEG). gemaess § 85 und 86 BEG zu einer Beendigung der Rentenzahlung oder zu einer Minderung der Rente fuehren (Verheiratung, Wegfall Rente fuer den ueberlebenden Ehegatten und die Kinder (§ 24 DV, der Voraussetzungen der Kinderrente, Anrechnung von anderen § 85 BEG) Versorgungsbezuegen aus deutschen oeffentlichen Mitteln). Nach § 85 BEG steht der Witwe bis zu ihrer Wiederverheiratung Aenderung der Verhaeltnisse (§ 27 D F) und den Kindem, solange fuer sie nach Beamtenrecht Kinderzu­ Die Rente wird, wenn eine nachtraegliche Aenderung der Ver­ schlaege gewaehrt werden koennen, der Anspruch auf Rente zu. haeltnisse eintritt, vom Ersten des Monats neu festgesetzt, der dem Kinder sind die ehelichen Kinder und die diesen nach den Vorschriften Monat folgt, in dem die Verhaeltnisse sich geaendert haben. des buergerlichen Rechts gleichgestellten Kinder. Es sei bemerkt, dass sich diese Bestimmung nur auf die im § 26 Die Rente der Witwe betraegt 60% und die Rente fuer jedes DV erwaehnten Aenderungen der Verhaeltnisse der Hinterbliebenen Kind 30% der Rente, die dem Verfolgten zugestanden hat. bezieht. Dafuer, ob die Voraussetzung der Rente beim Verfolgten Auf die Rente sind andere Versorgungsbezuege aus deutschen gegeben ist, ist lediglich der Zeitpunkt der Entscheidung massgebend. oeffentlichen Mitteln anzurechnen, soweit diese den Betrag von Wenn der Verfolgte nach der Entscheidung eine ausreichende Lebens­ DM 150 uebersteigen. grundlage erlangt oder eine ihm zumutbare Taetigkeit nicht ausuebt, Hierzu sagt § 24 Abs. 2 und 3 DV: so ist dies ohne Einfluss auf den Anspruch auf Rente.

II. UNSELBSTAENDIGE BERUFE Die Durchfuehrungsverordnung erlaeutert die Bestimmungen des BEG ueber privaten Dienst, Angestellte und .^rbeiter des oeffentlichen Dienstes, die keinen Anspruch auf Versorgung haben, und ueber Schaden in der Berufsausbildung.

1. PRIVATER DIENST Entlassung oder das vorzeitige Ausscheiden und der wesentlichen Beschraenkung die Versetzung in eine erheblich geringer entlohnte Der Verfolgte hat Anspruch auf Entschaedigung, wenn er im Beschaeftigung gleichzusetzen ist. privaten Dienst, also als Angestellter oder Arbeiter in der Privatwirt­ schaft, durch Entlassung, vorzeitiges Ausscheiden oder durch Einreihung in eine vergleichbare Beamtengruppe (§ 30 DF, § 92 BEG) Versetzung in eine erheblich geringer entlohnte Beschaeftigung geschaedigt worden ist (§ 87 BEG). Auch hier gilt die gleiche Regelung wie beim selbstaendigen Beruf. Als Leistungen sind hier, wie bei den selbstaendigen Erwerbs­ War der Verfolgte mit Ruecksicht auf seine familienrechthchen taetigen, Darlehen, Kapitalentschaedigung und Rente vorgesehen. Beziehungen zum Untemehmer nicht gegen Entgelt oder gegen ein unverhaeltnismaessig geringes Entgelt taetig, so ist die tarifliche oder sonst uebhche Verguetung zu Grunde zu legen. (a) Darlehen (§ 28 DV, § 90 BEG) In der 3. DV 1953 war nicht von familienrechtlichen, sondern von Hat der Verfolgte eine selbstaendige Erwerbstaetigkeit aufge­ verwandtschafthchen Beziehungen gesprochen. Durch die.se Aende­ nommen oder weist er nach, dass er die Voraussetzungen fuer die rung ist klargestellt, dass auch die Taetigkeit des einen Ehegatten im erfolgreiche Aufnahme einer solchen Taetigkeit erfuellt, so kann ihin Unternehmen des anderen Ehegatten zu beruecksichtigen ist. ein Darlehen gewaehrt werden. Die Bestimmungen fuer Darlehen fuer frueher selbstaendige Erwerbstaetige finclen entsprechende Alters—und Hinterbliebenenversorgung (^ 31 DF) Anwendung. Hier bestimmt die DV im Gegensatz zu der Regelung fuer selb­ Diese Entschaedigungsleistung hat fuer im Ausland Lebende aus staendige Berufe: tatsaechlichen Gruenden nur geringes Interesse. Hat der Verfolgte Ansprach oder Anwartschaft auf lebenslaeng­ liche Versorgung nach beamtenrechtlichen Vorschriften oder Grund­ (b) Kapitalentschaedigung saetzen oder auf Ruhelohn sowie auf Hinterbliebenenversorgung, so entfaellt der Zuschlag von 20%. Fuer die Berechnung und die Einreihung in eine vergleichbare Ansprueche auf Rente aus der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung Beamtengruppe gelten im wesentlichen die gleichen Bestimmungen wegen Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres bleiben insoweit ausser wie fuer die in einer selbstaendigen Erwerbstaetigkeit Geschaedigten. Betracht, als sie ausschliesslich auf eigenen Geldleistungen des Dagegen ist fuer den Zuschlag von 20% fuer die fehlende Alters-und Verfolgten beruhen. Hinterbliebenenversorgung eine abweichende Regelung getroffen. Berechnung (§ 29 DF, § 92 BEG) Beruecksichtigung anderweitigen Einkommens (§ 32 D F, § 92 BEG) Es gelten die gleichen Bestimmungen wie fuer den selbstaendigen Es gilt die gleiche Regelung, wie sie fuer den in seiner selbstaendigen Erwerbstaetigen mit der Massgabe, dass der Verdraengung die Erwerbstaetigkeit Geschaedigten getroffen ist. (c) Rente Nach § 95 BEG wird der monatliche Mindestbetrag insoweit gekuerzt, als er zusammen mit Versorgungsbezuegen und wieder­ Die Rente ist abweichend von den Bestimmungen ueber Verlust kehrenden Leistungen aus deutschen oeffentlichen Mitteln den Betrag eines selbstaendigen Berufes geregelt. von DM 300 im Monat uebersteigt. Dieser Betrag erhoeht sich bei . Voraussetzung fuer das \^^ahlrecht ist lediglich, dass der Verfolgte verheirateten Verfolgten um DM 60 und fuer Kinder, denen nach ini Zeitpunkt der Entscheidung das 65. Lebensjahr vollendet hat Beamtenrecht Kinderzuschlaege gewaehrt werden koennen, um je Oder in seinem Beruf nicht mehr als 50% arbeitsfaehig ist; bei DM 20. Hierzu sagt die Durchfuehrungsverordnung, dass Versor­ ^'rauen tritt an Stelle des 65. das 60. Lebensjahr. Es kommt also gungsbezuege aus oeffentlichen Mitteln die gleichen sind, wie die in nicht darauf an, ob der Verfolgte eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage § 24 der DV aufgefuehrten. Hierauf sei verwiesen. gefunden hat. Waehrend beim selbstaendigen Beruf die Hoehe der Rente Rente fuer den ueberlebenden Ehegatten und die Kinder (§ 35 DV, nnabhaengig von der Hoehe der Kapitalentschaedigung ist, ist die §§ 97, 98 BEG) Hoehe der Rente bei dem Verfolgten, der in einer unselbstaendigen Es gelten die gleichen Bestimmungen wie bei den selbstaendigen faetigkeit geschaedigt ist, von der Hoehe der Kapitalentschaedigung Berafen. abhaengig. Die Tabelle 4 findet hier keine Anwendung. Ferner Wenn Versorgungsbezuege oder wiederkehrende Leistungen aus erhalten die in einem unselbstaendigen Beruf Geschaedigten nicht oeffentlichen Mitteln bezogen werden, bestimmt § 35 DV folgendes: ^e Entschaedigung fuer die rueckliegende Zeit in Hoehe eines " Der monatliche Mindestbetrag der Rente fuer die Witwe oder Jahresbetrages der Rente. den Witwer wird im Falle des § 97 Abs. 2 BEG insoweit gekuerzt als er zusammen mit den Versorgungsbezuegen oder wiederkehrenden ^erechnung der Rente (§ 33 DF, § 93 BEG) Leistungen aus deutschen oeffentlichen Mitteln im Sinne von § 95 (1) Die Rente, die der \'erfolgte anstelle einer Kapitalentschaedi- Abs. 3 Satz 1 BEG den Betrag von 260 Deutsche Mark im Monat gnng waehlen kann, wird als Jahresrente durch Teilung der fest­ uebersteigt. Der Betrag von 260 Deutsche Mark erhoeht sich fuer gesetzten Kapitalentschaedigung unter Anwendung der in Absatz 2 jedes Kind, fuer das nach Beamtenrecht Kinderzuschlaege gewaehrt 'Uer die jeweihge Lebensaltersstufe bestimmten Teilungszahl errechnet. werden koennen, um 20 Deutsche Mark im Monat. Haben nur die -^.(2) Lebensaltersstufe: Teilungszahl: Kinder Anspruch auf Rente, so wird der monatUche Mindestbetrag ^•s zum voUendeten 55. Lebensjahr 6 der Rente fuer jedes Kind insoweit gekuerzt, als er zusammen mit den ab vollendetem 55. Lebensjahr 4. Versorgungsbezuegen oder wiederkehrenden Leistungen aus deutschen (3) Fuer die Einreihung in die Lebensaltersstufen ist das Lebcns- oeffentlichen Mitteln den Betrag von 120 Deutsche Mark im Monat alter des Verfolgten in dem Zeitpunkt massgebend, in dem die uebersteigt." ''^oraussetzungen fuer den Ansprach auf Rente erfuellt waren. 2. ANGESTELLTE UND ARBEITER IM ('^) Die Rente wird mit Wirkung vom Ersten des Monats an gezahlt, in dem der \'erfolgte das 65. Lebensjahr vollendet hat oder OEFFENTLICHEN DIENST "1 seinem Beruf nicht mehr als 50 vom Hundert arbeitsfaehig ist, § 110 BEG bestimmt, dass auf AngesteUte und Arbeiter im truehestens jedoch vom 1. November 1953 an. Bei Frauen tritt an oeffentUchen Dienst ohne vertraglichen Anspruch auf Versorgung die ^telle des 65. das 60. Lebensjahr." Bestimmungen ueber unselbstaendige Taetigkeit in der Privatwirt­ Die Regelung sieht eine Verbesserang gegenueber der DV 1953 schaft Anwendung finden. ^or, bei der Teilungszahlen von 8, 7, 6, 5 und 4 vorgesehen waren. Die 3. DV definiert in § 36 den vertragUchen Anspruch auf Versor­ gung wie folgt: ^indestrente {§ 34 DF, § 95 BEG) " Ein vertraglicher Anspruch auf Versorgung nach beamten­ Da sich bei der Division durch die Teilungszahlen bei einer hohen rechtlichen Grundsaetzen oder auf Ruhelohn liegt vor, wenn dem K'^apitalentschaedigun g ein sehr hoher Betrag, und bei einer sehr Angestellten oder Arbeiter durch Dienstordnung, Ruhelohnordnung, niedrigen Kapitalentschaedigung ein sehr geringer Betrag ergeben Satzung (Statut) oder Einzelvertrag eine Anwartschaft auf eine vom •^oennen, sieht das BEG Hoechst^und Mindestrenten vor. Dienstherrn zu gewaehrende lebenslaengliche Versorgung bei Dienst- Fuer den Geschaedigten ist der Hoechstbetrag DM 600 und der unfaehigkeit oder bei Erreichen einer Altersgrenze oder auf Hinter­ l^indestbetrag DM 100 monatlich. Fuer die Witwe oder den Witwer bliebenenversorgung auf der Grundlage des Arbeitsentgelts und der 1st der Mindestbetrag DM 60 und fuer jedes Kind DM 30 monatlich. Dauer der Dienstzeit zugesichert war."

III. SCHAEDIGUNG IN SELBSTAENDIGER UND UNSELBSTAENDIGER ERWERBSTAETIGKEIT

. Das Gesetz (§ 113 BEG) und die 3. DV (§§ 37 und 5) regeln sehr schaedigung das Gesamteinkommen aus beiden Taetigkeiten zugrunde ^ingehend den Fall, in dem ein Verfolgter mehrere Taetigkeiten zu legen. ^Usgeuebt hat und nur in einer dieser Taetigkeiten geschaedigt Ist die Verdraengung aus einer selbstaendigen und einer unselb­ orden ist. Diese Regelung ist fuer Juden nur von geringem Interesse, staendigen Taetigkeit erfolgt, die nebeneinander ausgeuebt wurden, a diese aus aUen Taetigkeiten, die sie ausgeuebt haben, verdraengt so ist von der Taetigkeit auszugehen, aus der nicht nur vorueber­ orden sind. Die Verdraengung aus mehreren selbstaendigen gehend das hoehere Einkommen erzielt wurde. Bei gleichem Ein­ aetigkeiten und die Verdraengung aus einer selbstaendigen und kommen kommen die Bestimmungen ueber selbstaendige Taetigkeit J^er unselbstaendigen Taetigkeit ist dahin geregelt, dass fuer zur Anwendung. Als Einkommen ist das Gesamteinkommen aus beiden erechnung der Kapitalentschaedigung und der Rente die Taetigkeit Taetigkeiten zugrunde zu legen. Ist die Verdraengung nacheinander niassgebend ist, aus der nicht nur v^oruebergehend das hoehere erfolgt, so ist die Taetigkeit massgebend, aus der das hoehere Ein­ mkommen bezogen wurde. Ist das Einkommen aus einer selb- kommen erzielt wurde. Bei gleichem Einkommen ist die selbstaendige taendigen und unselbstaendigen Taetigkeit gleich, so finden die Taetigkeit zugrunde zu legen. estimmungen ueber selbstaendige Taetigkeit Anwendung. Dies Snt auch, wenn die Verdraengung nacheinander erfolgt ist. Bei der Verdraengung aus mehreren unselbstaendigen Taetigkeiten .^ ^uer den Fall, dass die Verdraengung aus zwei unselbstaendigen muss das gleiche gelten wie bei der Verdraengung aus mehreren aetigkeiten erfolgt ist, trifft das Gesetz keine ausdrueckliche selbstaendigen Taetigkeiten. egelung. Um zu einer zufriedenstellenden Regelung zu kommen, Die 3. DV bestimmt in § 37 Abs. 1, dass unselbstaendig auch die uss auf den Grandgedanken des Gesetzes zuraeckgegangen werden. Taetigkeit im oeffentlichen Dienst und bei Religionsgesellschaften Das Gesetz und die T)X gehen von folgendem aus: Es soil vermieden ist. Hat ein unter diese Vorschrift fallender Verfolgter eine Neben­ erden, dass bei mehreren Taetigkeiten verschiedene Schadenstat- taetigkeit ausgeuebt, so wird das Einkommen hieraus immer geringer estaende zur Anwendung kommen. Die gesamte Taetigkeit des gewesen sein als das aus der Haupttaetigkeit. Es kommen also die erfolgten ist als eine einheitUche Taetigkeit anzusehen. Bestimmungen ueber oeffentlichen Dienst oder den Dienst bei Hieraus folgt: ReUgionsgesellschaften zur Anwendung. Als Diensteinkommen muss rf^ Verdraengung aus mehreren selbstaendigen Taetigkeiten, die in diesem Fall das gesamte Einkommen aus beiden Taetigkeiten ^beneinander ausgeuebt wurden, ist fuer Berechnung der Ent­ gelten. .mssmssssB^mi^^

IV. SCHADEN IN DER AUSBILDUNG

Der Schaden in der Ausbildung ist im BEG in den Paragraphen 115- soweit die Eltern wegen der Verfolgung nicht in der Lage sind, die 119 geregelt. Die §§ 115-118 BEG behandeln den FaU, in dem das Kosten der Ausbildung aus eigenen Mitteln zu bestreiten." Kind selbst Verfolgter gewesen ist. § 119 BEG behandelt den Fall, Hierzu sagt § 38 DV: in dem nur die Eltern, nicht aber auch das Kind verfolgt worden ist. " Die Voraussetzung, dass fuer die Kinder nach Beamtenrecht Die DV erlaeutert nur den § 119 BEG, der wie folgt lautet:— Kinderzuschlaege gewaehrt werden koennen, gilt auch dann als " Kinder, die wegen der Verfolgung ihrer Eltern ihre erstrebte erfuellt, wenn sich der Abschluss der Schul—oder BerufsausbUdung Berafsausbildung oder ihre vorberufliche Ausbildung nicht haben infolge der gegen die Eltern gerichteten nationalsozialistischen aufnehmen oder beenden koennen, haben, solange fuer sie nach Verfolgungs-oder Unterdrueckungsmassnahmen verzoegert hat." Beamtenrecht Kinderzuschlaege gewaehrt werden koennen, An­ Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass sich diese Bestimmung nur auf spruch auf Beihilfe zu den notwendigen Aufwendungen, die bei der dtfii FaU bezieht, in dem die Eltern verfolgt und die Kinder nicht Nachholung ihrer Ausbildung erwachsen. Der Ansprach besteht nur. veifolgt worden sind.

V. ZUSAMMENTREFFEN VON BERUFSSCHADEN UND KOERPERSCHADEN

§ 121 BEG bestimmt: Hierzu sagt die DV in § 39, dass Renten fuer Schaden im beraflichen " Hat der Verfolgte fuer denselben Entschaedigungszeitraum Fortkommen auch die Renten der Witwe, des Witwers und der Kinder Anspruch auf Kapitalentschaedigung oder auf Rente fuer Schaden sind. im beruflichen Fortkommen, sowie Ansprach auf Rente und auf Nach § 83 BEG hat der aus einem selbstaendigen Beruf verdraengte Kapitalentschaedigung fuer Schaden an Koerper oder Gesundheit, so ^'erfolgte, der die Rente gewaehlt hat, einen Anspruch auf eine erhaelt er die Entschaedigung fuer den Schaden, auf den sich der Entschaedigung fuer die Zeit vor dem 1.11.1953 in der Hoehe der Rentenbezuege eines Jahres. Diese Entschaedigung ist nach der DV hoehere Anspruch gruendet, in voUer Hoehe und 25 vom Hundert der nur mit der Kapitalentschaedigung fuer Schaden an Koerper oder Entschaedigung fuer den Schaden, auf den sich der niedrigere An­ Gesundheit zu verrechnen, die auf die Zeit vom 1.11.1952 bis 31.10.1953 spruch gruendet." entfaellt.

VI. SCHLUSSBESTIMMUNGEN

§ 10 BEG bestimmt, dass auf die Entschaedigung aus deutschen Die Auszahlungsbetraege der Kapitalentschaedigungen und der oeffentlichen Mitteln gewaehrte Leistungen anzurechnen sind, die im Rente sind auf voUe Deutsche Mark aufzurunden (§ 41 DV). Zuge der Entschaedigung fuer Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Verfolgung bewirkt worden sind. Nach der DV (§ 40) soil der an­ Die DV schliesst mit der sogenannten Berlin-Klausel und der zurechnende Betrag derart verteilt werden, dass dem Berechtigten Bestimmung, dass die 3. DV mit Wirkung vom 1.10.1953 in Kraft mindestens die Haelfte des Monatsbetrages der Rente verbleibt. tritt (§§ 42 und 43 DV).

Fuer Schaden im beruflichen Fortkommen, den im Ausland lebende Verfolgte erlitten haben, ist es von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung, dass die Umrechnung des auslaendischen Einkommens in Deutsche Mark in einer Weise erfolgt, die den besonderen Lebensverhaeltnissen dieser Verfolgten Rechnung traegt. Die Umrechnung ist von Bedeutung 1. fuer die Bestimmung des Endes des Entschaedigungszeitraums, 2. fuer die Moeglichkeit der Rentenwahl bei selbstaendigen Berufen und 3. fuer die Hoehe der Entschaedigung bei einem anzurechnenden .\rbeitseinkommen. Nur wenn hierbei den besonderen Lebensverhaeltnissen Rechnung getragen wird, ist eine angemessene Wiedergutmachung im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen moeglich. TabeUe1 (zu §§ 12 und 21)

EINKOMMENSUEBERSICHT 1. Einfacher Dienst

Bis zum Bis zum Bis zum Lebensalter voUendeten voUendeten voUendeten Ab vollendetem 35. Lebensjahr 45. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr

+20% +20% + 20% + 20%

Jahreseinkommen 3 000,— 3 600,— 3 300,— 3 960,— 3 600,— 4 320,— 3 900,— 4 680,— bis 30. 9. 1953 Monatseinkommen 250,— 300,— 275,— 330,— 300,— 360,— 325,— 390,— Jahreseinkommen 3 600,— 4 320,— 3 900,— 4 680,— 4 200,— 5 040,— 4 500,— 5 400,— ab 1. 10. 1953 Monatseinkommen 300,— 360,— 325,— 390,— 350,— 420,— 375,— 450,—

2. Mittlerer Dienst

Bis zum Bis zum Bis zum Lebensalter vollendeten vollendeten vollendeten Ab voUendetem 35. Lebensjahr 45. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr

+20% +20% + 20% +20% Jahreseinkommen 3 600,. 4 320.- 4 050,— 4 860,- 4 500,- 5 400,- 4 950,— 5 940,- bis 30. 9. 1953 Monatseinkommen 300,- 360,- 337,50 405,- 375,- 450,- 412,50 495,-

Jahreseinkommen 4 500,. 5 400,- 4 950,— 5 940.- 5 400,- 6 480,- 5 850,— 7 020,. ab 1. 10. 1953 Monatseinkommen 375,- 450,- 412,50 495,- 450,- 540,- 487,50 585,.

3. Gehobener Dienst

Bis zum Bis zum Bis zum Lebensalter vollendeten vollendeten vollendeten Ab vollendetem 35. Lebensjahr 45. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr

+20% +20% +20% +20%

J ahreseinkommen 4 800,- 5 760, 5 700,- 6 840,- 6 600,- 7 920,- 7 500,- 9 000, bis 30. 9. 1953 Monatseinkommen 400,- 480,- 475,- 570,- 550,- 660.- 625,- 750,- J ahreseinkommen 6 000.- 7 200,- 6 900,- 8 280,- 7 800,- 9 360,- 8 700.- 10 440.- ab 1. 10. 1953 Monatseinkommen 500,- 600,- 575,- 690,- 650,- 780,- 725,- 870,-

4. Hoeherer Dienst

Bis zum Bis zum Bis zum Lebensalter vollendeten vollendeten vollendeten Ab vollendetem 35. Lebensjahr 45. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr

+20% +20% + 20% +20%

Jahreseinkommen 7 200,- 8 640,- 8 400,- 10 080,- 9 600,- 11 520,- 10 800,- 12 960,- bis 30. 9. 1953 Monatseinkommen 600,- 720,- 700,- 840,- 800,- 960,- 900,- 1 080,- Jahreseinkommen 8 400,- 10 080,- 9 600,- 11 520,- 10 800.- 12 960,- 12 000,- 14 400,- ab 1. 10. 1953 Monatseinkommen 700,- 840,- 800,- 960,- 900,- 1 808,- 1 000,- 1 200,- la

TabeUe 2 (zu S 13) Besoldungsuebersicht KAPITALENTSCHAEDIGUNG 1. Einfacher Dienst

Bis zura Bis zum Bis zum Ab Lebensalter im Zeitpunkt der Schaedigung vollendeten vollendeten vollendeten vollendetem 35. Lebensjahr 45. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr

a) Diensteinkommen 2 700,— 3 000,— 3 300,— 3 450,—

b) } des Diensteinkommens j aehrlich 2 028,— 2 256,— 2 484,— 2 592,— (169,-) (188,—) (207,—) (216,-)

c) Kapitalentschaedigung zuzueglich Zuschlag nach §§ 76 Abs. 3. 92 Abs. 2 BEG jaehrlich ... 2 436,— 2 712,— 2 976,— 3 108,— (203,—) (226,—) (248,-) (259,-)

k 2. Mittlerer Dienst

a) Diensteinkommen 3 400,— 4 000,— 4 600,— 4 900,—

b) } des Diensteinkommens jaehrlich 2 556,— 3 000,— 3 456,— 3 684,— (monatUch) (213,-) (250,-) (288.—) (307,-)

c) Kapitalentschaedigung zuzueglich Zuschlag nach $§ 76 Abs. 3, 92 Abs. 2 BEG jaehrlich ... 3 072,— 3 600,— 4 152.— 4 416,— (256,-) (300,—) (346,-) (368,—)

3. Gehobener Dienst

a) Diensteinkommen 4 800,— 6 000,— 7 200,— 7 800,—

3 600,— 4 500,— 5 400,— 5 856,— (monatlich) (300,—) (375,—) (450,-) (488,—)

c) Kapitalentschaedigung zuzueglich Zuschlag nach S§ 76 Abs. 3, 92 Abs. 2 BEG jaehrlich ... 4 320,— 5 400,— 6 480,— 7 032,— (360,-) (450,—) (540,-) (586,-)

4. Hoeherer Dienst

a) Diensteinkommen 7 100,— 9 300,— 11 500,— 12 600,—

b) i des Diensteinkommens j aehrhch 5 328,— 6 984,— 8 628,— 9 456.— (444,—) (582,-) (719,—) (788,—)

c) Kapitalentschaedigung zuzuegUch Zuschlag nach $§ 76 Abs. 3, 92 Abs. 2 BEG jaehrUch ... 6 396,— 8 376,— 10 356,— 11 352,— (533,-) (698,-) (863,-) (946,—) 11

Tabelle 3 (zu §§ 15 und 17) BESOLDUNGSUEBERSICHT 1. Einfacher Dienst

Bis zum Bis zum Bis zura Ab Lebensalter vollendeten voUendeten vollendeten vollendetem 35. Lebensjahr 45. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr

bis 30. 9. 1951 2 700,— 3 000,— 3 300,— 3 450,—

bis 31. 3. 1953 3 132,— 3 480,— 3 828,— 4 002,— Erreichbare Dienstbezuege bis 31. 12. 1955 3 564,— 3 960,— 4 356,— 4 554,—

ab 1. 1. 1956 3 888,— 4 320,— 4 752,— 4 968,—

2. Mittlerer Dienst

bis 30. 9. 1951 3 400,— 4 000,— 4 600,— 4 900,—

bis 31. 3. 1953 3 944,— 4 640,— 5 336,— 5 684,— Erreichbare Dienstbezuege bis 31. 12. 1955 4 488,— 5 280,— 6 072,— 6 468,—

ab 1. 1. 1956 4 896,— 5 760,— 6 624,— 7 056,—

3. Gehobener Dienst

bis 30. 9. 1951 4 800,— 6 000,— 7 200.— 7 800,—

bis 31. 3. 1953 5 568,— 6 960,— 8 352.— 9 048.— Erreichbare Dienstbezuege bis 31. 12. 1955 6 336,— 7 920,— 9 504.— 10 296,—

ab 1. 1. 1956 6 912,— 8 640,— 10 368,— 11 232,—

4. Hoeherer Dienst

bis 30. 9. 1951 7 100,— 9 300,— 11 500,— 12 600,—

bis 31. 3. 1953 8 236,— 10 788,— 13 340,— 14 616,— Erreichbare Dienstbezuege bis 31. 12. 1955 9 372.— 12 276.— 15 180,— 16 632,—

ab 1. 1. 1956 10 224,— 13 392.— 16 560,— 18 144,— 12

TabeUe 4 (ru § 22) j|

Besoldungsuebersicht RENTE % 1. Einfacher Dienst

Bis zum Bis zum Bis zum Ab Lebensalter vollendeten vollendeten vollendeten vollendetem am 1. 10. 1953 35. Lebensjahr 45. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr 55. Lebensjahr

1. Diensteinkommen bis 31. 12. 1955 3 564,— 3 960,— 4 356,— 4 554,— jaehrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 3 888,— 4 320.— 4 752.— 4 968,—

2. Versorgungsbezuege bis 31. 12. 1955 1 604,— 2 574,— 3 267,— 3 416,— jaehrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 1 750,— 2 808,— 3 564,— 3 726,—

3. Jahresrente bis 31. 12. 1955 1 080,— 1 716,— 2 184 — 2 280 — (J aus Nr. 2) ab 1. 1. 1956 1 164,— 1 872,— 2 376,— 2 484,—

4. Monatsrente bis 31. 12. 1955 90,— 143,— 182,— 190,— ab 1. 1. 1956 97,— 156,— 198,— 207,—

2. Mittlerer Dienst

1. Diensteinkommen bis 31. 12. 1955 4 488.— 5 280,— 6 072.— 6 468,— jaehrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 4 896.— 5 760,— 6 624,— 7 056,—

2. Versorgungsbezuege bis 31. 12. 1955 2 020.— 3 432,— 4 554.— 4 851.— jaebrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 2 203,— 3 744,— 4 968.— 5 292,—

3. Jahresrente bis 31. 12. 1955 1 356,— 2 292,— 3 036.— 3 240.— (f aus Nr. 2) ab 1. 1. 1956 1464,— 2 496,— 3 312,— 3 528,—

4. Monatsrente bis 31. 12. 1955 113.— 191,— 253,— 270.— ab 1. 1. 1956 122,— 208,— 276,— 294,—

3. Gehobener Dienst

1. Dietjsteinkommen bis 31. 12. 1953 6 336.— 7 920.— 9 504,— 10 296— jaehrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 6 912.— 8 640,— 10 368.— 11 232,—

2. Versorgungsberuege bis 31. 12. 1955 2 851.— 5 148,— 7 128,— 7 722,— jaehrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 3 110,— 5 616,— 7 776,— 8 424,—

3. Jahresrente bis 31. 12. 1955 1 908.— 3 432.— 4 752,— 5 148,— (} aus Nr. 2) ab 1. 1. 1956 2 076,— 3 744,— 5 184.— 5 616.—

4. Monatsrente bis 31. 12. 1955 159,— 286,— 396,— 429,— ab 1. 1. 1956 173.— 312,— 432,— 468,—

4. Hoeberer Dienst

1. Diensteinkommen bis 31. 12. 1955 9 372,— 12 276.— 15 180,— 16 632,— jaehrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 10 224.— 13 392.— 16 560,— . 18 144.—

2. Versorgungsbezuege bis 31. 12. 1955 3 280,— 6 752.— 10 626,— 12 474.— jaehrlich ab 1. 1. 1956 3 578.— 7 366.— 11 592,— 13 608,—

3. Jahresrente bis 31. 12. 1955 2 196,— 4 512,— 7 092,— 7 200.— (} aus Nr. 2) ab 1. 1. 1956 2 388,— 4 908,— 7 200.— 7 200.—

4. Monatsrente bis 31. 12. 1955 183,— 376,— 591.— 600.— ab 1. 1. 1956 199,— 409,— 600,— 600.—

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