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The Official Middle-earth™ PBM Newsletter Issue 31, August ‘06

“Strange as News from Picture This: Bree…” Middle-earth Circa T.A. 1650 The Lord of the Rings Chapter 9 Middle-earth Circa T.A. 1650

By Michael Martinez

The Talk at the Preamble The Book of Lost Tales, was set in an Prancing Pony… Only J.R.R. Tolkien knew what he thought imaginary prehistoric England, where the fairies had built a great civilization that was Featured Articles Middle-earth should look like. Most people associate Middle-earth with medieval to be destroyed. The fairies would flee as Picture This: Middle- Page 1 Europe, but there is little agreement on Men arrived and colonized the British Isles, earth Circa T.A. 1650 which part of Europe at what period of time. or they would diminish and become smallish This series of articles suggests some ways creatures of legend and folklore. From out West: Page 3 Tolkien might have depicted his Middle- Editorial earth Circa T.A. 1650. Think of the horizontal (X-axis) number line Maiden Voyage: Page 3 as representing all the years of history and Part I Tolkien often described himself as a culture of which Tolkien was aware. He Classicist, but in his view a Classicist was studied the ancient past and read Greek and Gunboat Strategies: Page 7 anyone concerned with history and literature Roman books in their original languages. Some Thoughts from before the modern era (which began He studied (and later taught) medieval J. R. R. Tolkien Part I: Page 8 around the time Columbus reached English language and literature, as well as Biography America). By his own admission, Tolkien other languages including Gothic. He grew drew inspiration for Middle-earth from The up in post Victorian England, served during Game Summary: Page 13 the First World War, and began writing The Rules of War Bible, ancient Egypt, Greek mythology, Anglo-Saxon poetry, Finnish poetry, Norse Lord of the Rings just before World War II mythology, and events from his own broke out. Tolkien had laid the foundations Regular Columns lifetime. As numerous researchers have of Middle-earth prior to December 1937, but shown, Tolkien was probably also he never wholly stopped writing about it Games Starting Soon & Page 3 influenced by Babylonian traditions, Greek until just a few months before he died in Face to Face News history, French history, Celtic history and 1973. Hall of Fame: Page 5 folklore, and American ethnology. Game Winners In a very liberal sense, we can say that the "By wisdom the LORD laid the earth's upper left-hand quadrant of our Cartesian A-Z: Page 8 foundations, by understanding he set the plane of Tolkien influences represents his Balrogs heavens in place." earliest years of development and the very Player Ratings Page 12 --Proverbs 3:19, NIV ancient traditions that most heavily influenced his work. The lower right-hand If you have learned anything about algebra, quadrant of our Cartesian plane represents A-Z: Page 13 you should recall what a Cartesian both Tolkien's later writings and the late Glorfindel & Glorfindel coordinate system is. Two number lines, influences upon them. Many of those Echoes from the Past: Page 14 running from Infinity to Negative (or influences consist of Tolkien's own earlier Tolkien and D&D Opposite) Infinity, are laid cross each other literature. to form four quadrants. The vertical Middle-earth, as depicted in the first edition number line is called the Y-axis and the horizontal number line is the X-axis. They of The Lord of the Rings, begins at the What is Middle-earth cross at their zero points and that coordinate Cartesian point (0,0). To picture the Middle- PBM? PBM? is denoted as (0,0). Many types of data are earth of Third Age 1650, we must therefore Middle-earth PBM is a turn-based confine our speculations largely to the lower strategic game set in the world of measured on these coordinate systems. Tolkien’s Middle-earth. For more Tolkien's development of Middle-earth can right-hand quadrant. That is, Tolkien really details, please take a look at our also be measured such a coordinate graph. did not write much about this time period, website: www.middleearthgames.com but all that he wrote concerning it was Think of the vertical (Y-axis) number line composed after 1940. Most likely, it was Featured Artist as representing all the years that Tolkien composed after 1950, when Tolkien began Stuart Anderson. spent writing stories about imaginary working on the historical materials Visit his site at: peoples and times. He didn't set out to write summarized in The Lord of the Rings www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Meadows/2667/ about Middle-earth. His first mythology, appendices.

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By 1950, Tolkien had moved on from the beloved Greek expansionistic imperial phase. While growth was slow and myths of his youth and had already spent 25 years of his life gradual, it would have discouraged the formation of feudal teaching Old English, Gothic, and related topics to his estates. By the time Gondor began its long decline, its students. By 1950, Tom Bombadil had evolved from a silly economic system would have been rooted in other poem about one of his children's toys into a serious pair of arrangements. chapters in The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien in 1950 no longer wrote about tiny goblin feet pitter-pattering down a dusky Hence, the Great Plague (like the 1918 Influenza Epidemic in road; instead, his Orcs clamoured to slaughter whomever England) did not alter the way Middle-earth did business, or stood in their way. And by 1950 Tolkien had lived through Tolkien at least neglected to say as much. We can infer that two wars more dreadful and deadly than any other wars in whatever systems were in place survived, undoubtedly human history. weakened but not to the point of collapse. Hence, even though some portions of countryside -- once well populated -- He was the wise Noldo of his own stories, old and wise were emptied of occupants, the basic infrastructures remained beyond mortal years, burdened with the griefs of ancient intact. In Arnor, the kings maintained their armies, roads, and losses of kith and kin, saddened by unending years of conflict most importantly their laws. Their practical borders most between mortal enemies, pained by the encroaching paths of likely shrank. They controlled less territory if only because so civilizations he did not fully appreciate. few people were left to govern.

Tolkien chose the year Third Age 1636 to inflict a devastating One fact Tolkien doesn't mention, but which we can infer, is plague upon Middle-earth. Many readers assume that Tolkien that the Orcs (and not simply the Easterlings and Southrons) modelled his Great Plague on the Black Death, which by some must also have suffered from the Great Plague. Otherwise, estimates killed 1 in every 3 or 4 Europeans. However, he even though the Easterlings were too weak to overrun their could just as easily have had in mind the Great Influenza enemies, the Orcs should have risen up to take advantage of Epidemic of 1918, which is believed to have killed between the Dunedain's weakness. No such arising occurred. The 20 and 80 million people across the world. The 1918 Orcs therefore lacked the numbers to reassert themselves as a epidemic killed more people than died of the Black Death. threat, and that is probably why Sauron only had them creep stealthily back into Mordor. Tales of the 1918 epidemic include accounts of people contracting the illness and dying from it within a day; of One consequence of the Great Plague -- and of the Kin-Strife bodies piled high in morgues for lack of undertakers to bury in Gondor -- would have been the loss (to the Dunedain) of them; of towns isolating themselves from the outside world; much ancient lore. Plagues and wars have a way of killing off of hospitals being overwhelmed while they lacked doctors generations indiscriminately. Arnor and Gondor's cultures (who had either died or been drawn into the war in Europe). would therefore have been diminished. By Third Age 1650, Spain is thought to have lost 8 million people to the flu. there were probably many scrolls stored in Minas Tirith's Britain lost about 250,000 people. The United States lost libraries that could no longer be read except by the most around 500,000 people. India lost about 16 million people. learned of loremasters. And in Arnor, many old documents The 1951 Influenza Epidemic is said to have been even more and libraries may simply have been left to rot in now-empty deadly in some parts of England than the 1918 epidemic. estates and villages. Tolkien was still working on the LoTR appendices in 1951. The care and upkeep of roads and bridges should have Unlike the historical epidemics, Tolkien's plague wiped out at declined. Remote outposts would have been abandoned or left least one nation or tribal group: the Stoors of Dunland. The to become self-sufficient communities like the Bree-land had only other significant impact of the Great Plague that Tolkien become by the end of the Third Age. But Arnor would have noted was the withdrawal of Gondorian forces from its retained one advantage over Gondor: there were still many frontier outposts, "for fewness of men". The forts in Mordor High Elves living in northern Middle-earth. The last great were abandoned, according to Appendix B. A few years later, exodus of the Noldor would not occur until the final years of Tolkien wrote in a subsequent text that Gondor withdrew its the Third Age, when they would slip through the Shire troops from the fort at Tharbad, where it had jointly used and without so much as bidding the Hobbits fare well and good guarded the great bridge with Arnor. luck in the coming war.

Arnor had, by 1636, become divided into three kingdoms Three great centres of Mannish culture survived the Great (Arthedain, Rhudaur, and Cardolan), of which two had Plague: Arnor (led by the kings at Fornost Erain), Gondor (led vanished. Arthedain now claimed rule over all of former by the kings at Minas Anor), and Rhovanion (led by the Arnor and effectively controlled portions of Cardolan. Tyrn descendants of Vidugavia). All three regions suffered terrible Gorthad (the Barrow-downs) was so dangerous that when losses in the Great Plague, but they did not vanish or lose their Arnor attempted to recolonize the region 200 years later, the monarchies. Their governments intact, they would last attempt failed. another 200 to 400 years before substantial changes altered their fates irrevocably. One consequence of the Black Death was the hastened breakdown of Europe's feudal manor system. There is no In the next article, we'll examine southern Arnor and Dunland such manorial system in Middle-earth. Tolkien never more closely. mentions serfs or feudal estates in either Arnor or Gondor. Arnor had already suffered great loss in the War of the Last Michael Martinez is a recognised authority on Tolkien and Alliance of Elves and Men. As in 14th century Europe, Middle-earth, and a published author on the subject. Arnor's labour force probably flourished for lack of manpower. Gondor, on the other hand, went into an

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Games Starting Soon The following new games are filling From Out West: up, so if you wish to play, get in touch! [Bracketed dates give the date Editorial the game started filling up.] Apologies for the long hiatus with Bree, but In addition, we hope to bring you articles 1650 2wk Gunboat [Game 34]: we're now back on schedule and hope to not just about Middle-earth PBM, but all 8 duos available. [5/7/2006] bring it out at least once every two months, aspects of Tolkien’s world. And we are if not more regularly. proud to have secured an original series of 1650 2wk [Game 35]: articles by Michael Martinez, whose writing 20 nations available. [13/7/2006] New features include the latest Player is never less than controversial! 2950 2wk [Game 23]: Ratings, news on forthcoming games and 3 nations available. [1/3/2006] events, and Gaming Tips. These latter are But as this is a newsletter for you, we would short pieces of advice on playing Middle- like to know what you want to see in it. So 1000 2wk [Game 49]: earth PBM. They are divided into three please feel free to send us your comments Third Test game - character and PC categories – simple, medium and complex. and suggestions. And of course, if you have set-up updated. Ask for rules. We hope you find them useful, and if you anything you wish to submit for publication, 10 nations available. [9/4/2006] have any similar advice you think others from gaming advice to pieces of fiction,

may benefit from, please send them in. from artwork to essays on the nature of

Tolkien’s reality, from game reports to, Grudge Games Scott Moyes: playing all 12 Free We will also be re-publishing articles from well, whatever takes your fancy, please send People nations in a 1650 game and the Mouth of Sauron (an earlier Middle- them in. looking for opposition. earth PBM newsletter), which have been languishing unread for too long. I think that is it for now, so until next time,

Face to Face Games The A-Z of Middle-earth will be continued, Good Gaming, UK Face to Face Game with information taken from the Tolkien We are trying to get a feel for how Gateway, the net’s fastest growing Middle- many people might be interested in earth wiki site. As will other semi-regular Clint playing in a UK FTF in a few months' features such as Shelob’s Web. time. Preferably around the beginning of September before UK term-time starts again, provisionally the weekend of the 1st-3rd September. We could run one in late August, but that's quite near in terms of planning. Maiden Voyage So how does that fit with those who by Heidi Wolters would like to come? If you are interested, as ever, please get in The first part of a two-part article, originally Age, circa 1650, well before Hobbits made touch. printed in Shadis Magazine. the larger political scene. Other Face to Face Games We are able to organise Face to Face Maiden Voyage describes the first PBM The rulebook itself is fairly straightforward, Games between teams in separate gaming experience of someone who has which is important those of us who, like locations. So if you live outside the never participated in a Play-By-Mail game myself, panic at the sight of anything more UK, and have a group of friends before. Readers should remember that the complex than a manual can opener. interested in playing in a Face to Face impressions of a seasoned gamer may differ. Sequence of events and character orders are Game, please get in touch and we will neatly laid out, and there is a separate list of see if we can organise a game, orders listed by skill type, number, and perhaps against a team in the UK. Part I I was delighted when I was offered the code. I have found this to be extremely A Face to Face What?! chance to participate in Game Systems, helpful as it saves me the time and Face to Face Events are weekend- Inc.'s Middle-Earth Play-By-Mail, and even aggravation of rooting through the rulebook long games of Middle-earth which more so when I received the start-up kit. for every little thing. take place, as the name suggests, at a single location. Turns are run at The first thing that impressed me was the There was only one problem: according to regular intervals through the art. On its cover, the rulebook sports an my nation's victory conditions, I am weekend, and teams are assigned impressive rendition by Angus McBride of supposed to hold, at game's end, a their own private areas to plan and the scene at Minas Tirith when the gates population center belonging to an ally of write orders. mine. This bothered me somewhat, simply A fixed cost is paid for the entire have fallen and Gandalf stands face to face weekend instead of per turn, the pace with the Witch-king. I also received a because the player in control of the nation to is hectic, and it is great fun - virtually poster-quality terrain map of Middle-earth, everyone who has played one of these with all of the pertinent regions. The only Simple Tip games is dying to play another one as one missing was Eriador, the region which Having an army commander with lots of soon as they can. It's a great way to contains the Shire and Bree. The events characters with command skill in their learn a lot about the game, to chat to covered in the game take place in the Third army issue order 435 is a quick way to fellow players, and to meet us. enable all the characters to gain command Sleeping space is always available, rank. Useful for all-important tax changes, but don't expect much sleep. relationship downgrades and posting Page 3 of 16 camps. which that population center belongs is quite a pleasant fellow. There are twenty-five nations active in the game, which fall it would have taken too long to anchor the ships and march into three categories: Free Peoples, Neutrals, and Dark those troops overland. My first thought was, "great, these Servants. The Free Peoples are self-governing, as are the navies are just going to end up as Sauron's chew toys." It took Neutrals. Sauron, Tolkien's Dark Lord of Mordor, holds sway some time of worrying over my navies and literally chasing over all of the nations of Dark Servants. Each side seeks to shadows in Mirkwood for me to realize that, "hey, those little crush the other either by military, espionage, or the finding of index cards with the funny writing on them that appear with the One Ring, an artifact that Sauron created and infused with every turn are not just strange props, but actual his own power. Typically, the Free peoples try to find and communications from possible allies!" destroy it, while the Dark Servants strive to return it to their Master and see the Free Peoples defeated. To the Neutrals It's important, especially for players, who, like myself, are (who cannot win on their own, and must choose a side before new to Play-By-Mail, to contact fellow players. I spent a long game's end) it can be a powerful bargaining tool if the player time being lazy and shy and suffered for it. Strong alliances handles his or her position correctly and very carefully. and trade agreements can be formed and it is possible to pick up some useful information and strategies from more As in The Lord of the Rings, the Ring can only be destroyed experienced players. My contact with two of the other players in the fire of Mount Doom, in the very heart of Mordor. To (the Woodmen and the Noldo Elves) has benefited me greatly. accomplish this, a single character must find his or her way to The player controlling the nation of the Woodmen is relatively Mount Doom. The order for the Ring's destruction/transferal new, but he was able to clue me in on where the good battles must be given twice in the same turn, so the character cannot were going on, and we are supporting each other both with perform any other action that turn. They certainly don't make advice, and military aid. With his greater experience, the it easy. player controlling the Noldo Elves has been giving me advise on tactics and game diplomacy. Without his help, I would not My favorite nation is that of the Sinda Elves, and I was have realized how important is to officially downgrade fortunate to be placed into a game where that position was relations with enemy nations. open. GSI does their best to give each player his or her first choice in positions, but it's always best to have a second in Armies tend to fight harder against opponents that they hate mind, since there are no guarantees. than against opponents they merely dislike. It's also nice to know that just because my armies are scattered, doesn't mean My first turn found me with several they'll end up as cannon fodder characters who are quite famous In due to inferior numbers. I have Tolkien's realm, chief among them friends to watch my back. being Amroth, Nimrodel, and Thranduil. I have eight characters; Finally, my turn sheets, three army commanders, two navy straightforward though they commanders, and two characters are, made much more sense to who are primarily mages but can me after I was made aware of also act as agents or emissaries. My the 'sequence of events' sheets. forces were quite scattered at first, with my armies at the four corners As the game stands now, I of Mirkwood and my unattached have an army under characters frolicking in the fields Commander Thranduil joining by themselves. The armies I was the Woodmen and Noldo given seemed a bit on the small Elves in the Siege of Goblin side. Gate, and one army in the south under Regent Amroth Among my first actions, of course, was the recruiting of a few about to engage the forces of the Dragon Lord near Dol hundred light and heavy infantry and some archers. I had my Guldur, where I hope to meet up with my ally, Captain mage characters 'prentice magery,' an order which increases Waulfa of the Woodmen. Two mages are with Amroth's army. mage rank (a measure of how potent the mage is). Due to a One of them is casting Barriers, a protection spell, and the lack of available revenue, I had the fellow defending my other is summoning a wind storm. Nimrodel has just capital attempt to raise taxes to 50%. The population, of succeeded in slaying a Werewolf who'd been harassing one of course, did not support this, so the attempt failed on several my cities, and is moving to join one of the armies. One navy is turns. Luckily, the rule is that if your nation's revenue fall guarding my nation's southernmost port city, and the other, below a viable level, taxes are automatically raised. It is, under Commander Ohtar, is anchored at Ilanin, a city however, still possible to go bankrupt, once the tax rate belonging to the Easterlings. The Easterlings are a Neutral reaches 100%, which will put you out of the game. nation, and as such must choose a side by the end of the game. It seems now that the Northmen are trying to aid in that As I mentioned before, my forces were quite scattered. I had attempt. These are my first experiences with combat and three armies in Mirkwood, one navy many miles east in diplomacy, and I feel like I'm in a roller coaster car, poised at Rhovanion, and one many miles southwest in Southern the top of the very first hill! My next result sheet should be Gondor. At first, I decided to try to gather my forces together very interesting indeed.... in Mirkwood, but the rivers aren't navigable that far north and

Page 4 of 16 Hall of Fame: Game Winners

Game 239 Game 104 Game 52 2950 module, 11vs11 format, Grudge BOFA module, Beginners’ Game 1650 module, Gunboat Variant game. Ended on turn 30, 16/06/06 Ended on turn 10, 04/07/06 Ended on turn 46, 12/04/06 Victory went to the Dark Servants Victory went to the Free Peoples Victory went to the Free Peoples

Witch-King John Briggs Elves Jeff Glover Eothraim Paul Leard Dragon Lord Chris Meyer Dwarves Alicia Jenkins Cardolan William Frankenhoff Dog Lord Drew Carson Men David Jenkins Northern Gondor George Martinez Cloud Lord Laurence Tilley Sinda Elves Paul Leard Blind Sorcerer Jim Carson Noldo Elves Paul Leard Ice King Drew Carson Game 102 Haradwaith George Martinez Quiet Avenger Laurence Tilley BOFA module, Beginners’ Game Dunlendings George Martinez Fire King Jim Carson Ended on the 18/04/06 Long Rider Martin Cinke Victory was divided among the Dark Lieutenants James Howl following Game 41 Corsairs John Briggs Fourth-age module, 3-way Grudge game Elves Glen Mayfield Ended on 09/05/06 Dwarves Chris Shurtz Victory went to the following Game 221 Men Winston Shurtz 2950 module, Grudge game Warg Riders John Knight South Kingdom Ernest Hakey Ended on turn 15, 20/03/06 Raggers Matt Ashley Victory went to the Free Peoples Nameless Kyle Ford Game 86 Black Mask Ernest Hakey Woodmen Steven Mcabee 1650 module, Gunboat variant Rhun Easterlings Desiree Ford Northmen Jason Mele Ended on turn 30, 29/06/06 Akallabeth Cabal Paul Sacco Riders of Rohan Jason Mele Victory went to the Dark Servants Sons of Owain Dave Griffiths Dunadan RangersSteven Mcabee Ash Pit Goblins Gregory Bair Silvan Elves Steven Mcabee Witch-King Ulrik Bisgaard Northern Gondor Jason Mele Dragon Lord John Folz Southern Gondor Steven Mcabee Dog Lord Michael Seneca Game 24 Dwarves Steven Mcabee Cloud Lord Michael Seneca 2950 module, Gunboat game Sinda Elves Jason Mele Blind Sorcerer Michael Seneca Ended on turn 44, 07/04/06 Noldo Elves Jason Mele Ice King Darrell Swoap Victory went to the Dark Servants Corsairs Jason Mele Quiet Avenger Phillip Vogel Dunlendings Steven Mcabee Fire King Phillip Vogel Dragon Lord Matt Ashley Long Rider Darrell Swoap Dog Lord Matt Lincoln Dark Lieutenants John Folz Cloud Lord Jeremy Ford Game 220 Corsairs John Folz Blind Sorcerer Jeremy Ford 2950 module, Gunboat game Rhudaur Phillip Vogel Ice King David Bronaugh Ended on 19/04/06 Quiet Avenger Russell Floyd Victory went to the Dark Servants Fire King Jeremy Ford Game 70 Long Rider Matt Lincoln Dragon Lord Bradford Fisher 1650 module, Gunboat variant Dark Lieutenants Matt Ashley Dog Lord Ken Shannon Ended on turn 34, 26/04/06 Corsairs Matt Ashley Cloud Lord Michael Joyce Victory went to the Dark Servants White Wizard Russell Floyd Blind Sorcerer Steven Mcabee Ice King Alan Jeffrey Witch-King Mike Barber Medium Tip Quiet Avenger Frederick Young Dragon Lord Kevin Ingram Army commanders at your capital Fire King Frederick Young Dog Lord Bernie Gaider (or elsewhere where they can Long Rider Darren Frechette Cloud Lord Kevin Ingram issue a 320 order) are ideal for Dark Lieutenants Darren Frechette Blind Sorcerer Javier Maqua doing those very important orders Corsairs Kevan Mull Ice King Javier Maqua such as Natsells. I always make Quiet Avenger Bernie Gaider sure it's my army commander at Fire King Bernie Gaider my capital doing the 325 order Long Rider Javier Maqua (or 315 order if we're doing a Dark Lieutenants Mike Barber buy-out), so that they can't be Corsairs Kevin Ingram affected by any enemy characters Rhudaur Mike Barber and are relatively immune to agents as well.

Page 5 of 16 Game 22 Game 11 Game 63 2950 module, Individual variant 1650 module, 12 vs 12, Grudge game 1650 module, Individual variant Ended on turn 9, 05/05/06 Ended on turn 11, 22/06/06 Ended on turn 45, 22/05/06 Victory went to the Dark Servants Victory went to the Free Peoples Victory went to the Dark Servants

Witch-King Glen Mayfield Woodmen Bernd Luehrsen Witch-King Derek Livingston Dragon Lord John Briggs Northmen R Kevin Given Dragon Lord Stephen Allen Dog Lord Eugene Dunkley Eothraim Drew Carson Dog Lord Richard Wilson Cloud Lord Darren Beyer Arthedain Timothy Huiatt Cloud Lord Michael Welsch Blind Sorcerer Paul Ledakowich Cardolan Tony Huiatt Blind Sorcerer Piergiorgio Della Porta Ice King Chris Shurtz Northern Gondor David Holt Rodiani Quiet Avenger Winston Shurtz Southern Gondor Martin Cinke Ice King Nick Blanchard Fire King Robert Shurtz Dwarves Tony Huiatt Quiet Avenger Michael Absolom Long Rider John Knight Sinda Elves Bernd Luehrsen Fire King Brian Medus Dark Lieutenants Scott Hart Noldo Elves James Howl Long Rider Michael Welsch Corsairs Jason Mele Corsairs David Holt Dark Lieutenants Jeffrey Horne Khand Easterlings Miles Fagrie Dunlendings Timothy Huiatt Dunlendings David Lovett Rhudaur Michae, Welsch Easterlings Ian Etchells Game 16 Game 1 1650 module, Individual Power variant 1650 module, 12 vs 12, Grudge game Ended on 20/04/06 Ended on turn 18, 20/06/06 Victory went to the Dark Servants Victory went to the Dark Servants

Witch-King John Lamulle Witch-King Mark Jeffries Dragon Lord John Lamulle Dragon Lord Sam Roads Dog Lord Mike Barber Dog Lord Ed Lane Cloud Lord David Holt Cloud Lord Mark Jeffries Blind Sorcerer Timofey Dvoskin Blind Sorcerer Clint Oldridge Ice King Jeff Glover Ice King Tim Jones Quiet Avenger Kevin O'keefe Quiet Avenger Clint Oldridge Fire King Keith Bowen Fire King Tim Jones Long Rider Anders Stockmarr Long Rider Sam Roads Dark Lieutenants Steven Mcabee Dark Lieutenants Ed Lane Haradwaith Wade Buhr Haradwaith Clint Oldridge Rhudaur Otis David Pearson Rhudaur Sam Roads

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Gunboat Strategies: Some thoughts By Clint Oldridge

I’ve played a fair bit of Gunboat now (and so far have been worth the odd 428 later on in the game, even if you’re the lucky enough to be on the winning team each time, though I Dwarf/Northmen combo. don’t hold out much hope for one of my games at present!). So I thought I’d pass on some of my experience with the Aggression format. Note this isn’t anything official, just some random Remember that the best form of defence is attack. meanderings of my twisted mind. Joining together Have a goal Two heads are better than one. The latest format of GB It’s all too easy to get into a process of running turns without a allows you to join with an ally to share the load of the turns – plan. If you have two nations that are close together on the seems like a good idea to me. I sometimes get lost in the map then clearly it is worth organising them so that any turns, and an insight from another player is very useful… military, economic (inf-othering) or agent/curse hit all combine together for maximum impact. Ideally you can plan Information gathering it so that you get all the various bits and pieces to impact all at Sometimes you can double characters if they turn up on a PC the same time. Although this advice is appropriate for all you control (and enemy characters all of the time). Palantirs games, I think in GB it’s particularly important as you can’t and information gathering spells are much more useful, and I rely on allies to help out (other than through pure luck). often throw out a 925 just to check what’s going on. Then there’s the diplos… Talking about allies… Help them wherever you can. If they ask for assistance give it! Diplomacy If you’ve got a curses item then pass it on if you’ve finished If there is a limited form of diplomacy allowed (50 words per with it, or if you’ve picked up a particularly juicy item then 5 turns), then I advise you to take advantage of it. Even if you pass it on if it’s going to be better used elsewhere. Monetary don’t find the information that you gain from other players’ aid is clearly the biggest form of help. I’ve heard so many diplos to be very useful, it can give others an insight into Rhudaur players complain that they’ve had no assistance, and what’s going on, and help to plan appropriately. If nothing that seems pure foolishness on the other players’ part – else, just listing your PCs will give others a good insight into Rhudaur is the best buffer zone in the game! your economy, and saves on guesswork. Plans for military/ agent/emissary attacks seem particularly appropriate as well – Regional play you can then join in… The variant is very different to normal games, where you can ask for help from others – “I just need another 1000 HI to My favourite duo come and help take 2715….”. It’s very unlikely that you’re 1650 FP: it has to be the Cardolan/Sinda, although playing going to be able to pull together enough of a hit to take out an North Gondor/Dunlendings is a an interesting challenge – just opposing player, but you can generally control an area. I’ve how many troops can you put out? 1650 DS: WitchKing/ found that you can control the economy of opposing players Dark Lieu – just incredibly strong with massive amounts of much more efficiently than you can in other games. options for play, but Corsair/Dragon Lord is a big challenge Economies are very restricted – most games see the market and lots of fun. drop and stay low, so be prepared. 2950: Riders/Rhun – well, I am a military man after all, and Long term vs short term gain for DS: Ice King/Dark Lieu, although I think I like the My general style in normal games is to go for a quicker style challenge of the WW/QA combo as well – how to keep the of play. But I’ve found that although that can work in GB as WW alive seems the hardest question to answer there. well (1000, 1650, 2950), it’s generally better to play for a slightly longer game and therefore develop your nation 1000: one agent and one conjure mount nation – they work accordingly. Multi-class characters are therefore much more very well together in my opinion. interesting to me in this format. Same goes for economic development. I’d probably still say that it’s not important for Have your own opinion some nations – they’ve got more economy than they can ever These are just my thoughts on the subject. Part of the beauty handle, but even so, each camp you create is one the enemy of GB is that you can do your own thing… I’ve had dwarves doesn’t. conjuring mounts naming Mages as fast as I could for example – great fun. Seen some beautiful and weird play and Camps especially so in this format. Create them. It seems stupid, but I’ve been in so many games where come turn 20 there are still camp locations out there. The ultimate GB experience 12v12 format – I’m presently on turn 17 of my Grudge game Big artifacts and my, is it fun. Much, much harder than a normal game, In a similar vein to my camp comment, it’s surprising how and I’m playing against Brad and Wade (sharing their 12 long some of the bigger items take to be picked up. Well nations between them). I think I’m my own worse enemy and have learnt my limits in this format…next time FP though…

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A-Z of Tolkien... Taken from tolkiengateway.net J.R.R. Tolkien: Part I - Biography Taken from tolkiengateway.net Balrogs Balrogs (Sindarin for "Demon of Might"; the Quenya form is Part II – His Writing, to follow next issue English translation would be "dull-keen", a Valarauko or Valarauco) were literal translation of "oxymoron". The menacing creatures about twice the character of Professor Rashbold in The height of a man, made equally of fire Notion Club Papers is a pun on the name. and shadow and with a fiery whip of many thongs. They induced great terror in allies and foes alike and Childhood could shroud themselves in darkness Childhood and shadow. Gandalf defeated a Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892, in Balrog while the Fellowship of the Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State (now Ring escaped Moria in The Free State), South Africa, to Arthur Reuel Fellowship of the Ring. Tolkien (1857 – 1896), an English bank manager, and his wife Mabel née Suffield (1870 – 1904). Tolkien had one sibling, his History younger brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel, who The Balrogs were originally Maiar, of J.R.R. Tolkien in 1972, in his study at was born on February 17, 1894. the same order as Sauron and Gandalf, but they became seduced by Merton Street Morgoth, who corrupted them to his While living in Africa he developed a severe service in the days of his splendour fear of spiders after being bitten by a large before the coming of the Elves. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (January 3, tarantula out in their garden. When he was During the First Age, they were 1892 – September 2, 1973) is an author best three, Tolkien went to England with his among the most feared of Morgoth's known for The Hobbit and its sequel trilogy mother and brother on what was intended to forces. When his fortress of Utumno The Lord of the Rings. He worked as reader be a lengthy family visit. His father, was destroyed by the Valar, many however, died in South Africa of a severe were destroyed, but some fled and and professor in English language at the University of Leeds from 1920 to 1925; as brain haemorrhage before he could join lurked in the pits of Angband or them. This left the family without an escaped across the Blue Mountains to professor of Anglo-Saxon language at eastern Middle-earth. In the Third Oxford from 1925 to 1945; and of English income, so Tolkien's mother took him to live Age the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm language and literature from 1945 to 1959. with her parents in Birmingham, England. awakened a Balrog while mining for A strongly committed Catholic, Tolkien was Soon after in 1896, they moved to Sarehole mithril, and were cast out. a close friend of C.S. Lewis, and a member (now in Hall Green), then a Worcestershire of the Inklings, a literary discussion group village, later annexed to Birmingham. He The Balrogs were first encountered by to which both Lewis and Owen Barfield enjoyed exploring Sarehole Mill, Moseley the Elves during the Dagor-nuin- Bog, and the Clent and Lickey Hills, which Giliath ("Battle under the Stars") in belonged. would later inspire scenes in his books, the First Age. After the great victory along with other Worcestershire towns and of the Noldor over Morgoth's Orcs, In addition to The Hobbit and The Lord of Fëanor pressed on towards Angband, the Rings, Tolkien's published fiction villages such as Bromsgrove, Alcester and but the Balrogs came against him. He includes The Silmarillion and other Alvechurch, and places such as his aunt's was mortally wounded by Gothmog, posthumous books about what he called a farm of Bag End, the name of which would Lord of Balrogs (the only Balrog legendarium, a fictional mythology of the be used in his fiction. known by his name). Though his sons remote past of Earth, called Arda, and fought off the demons of fire, Fëanor Middle-earth (from middangeard, the lands died of his wounds soon after, and his spirit departed for the Halls of inhabitable by Men) in particular. Most of Mandos. these posthumously published works were compiled from Tolkien's notes by his son Balrogs have been very elusive since Christopher Reuel Tolkien. The enduring the First Age; if Sauron had any in his popularity and influence of Tolkien's works service during the Second Age or the have established him as the "father of the War of the Ring, they were never modern high fantasy genre". Tolkien's other revealed. Tolkien described only one published fiction includes adaptations of Balrog after the War of Wrath: stories originally told to his children and not Durin's Bane. It is believed to have directly related to the legendarium. Ronald and Hilary Tolkien in 1905 been the last Balrog in Middle-earth, and is certainly the best known. Mabel tutored her two sons, and Ronald, as he was known in the family, was a keen The Tolkien Family pupil. She taught him a great deal of botany, Do Balrogs Have Wings? Although records are unclear, many of and she awoke in her son the enjoyment of Discussion has arisen as to whether Tolkien's paternal ancestors were craftsmen. the look and feel of plants. Young Tolkien the Balrogs had wings. The debate The Tolkien family had its roots in Saxony liked to draw landscapes and trees. But his mainly arises from the "The Bridge of (present-day Germany), but had been living Khazad-dûm", the fifth chapter in The favourite lessons were those concerning in England since the 18th century, becoming Fellowship of the Ring. There are two languages, and his mother taught him the "quickly and intensely English (not British)" references in this chapter. The first: rudiments of Latin very early. He could read (Letters, 165). The surname Tolkien is "His enemy halted again, facing him, by the age of four, and could write fluently anglicised from Tollkiehn, German: and the shadow about it reached out soon afterwards. He attended King Edward's like two vast wings." tollkühn, "foolhardy". The etymological

Page 8 of 16 There is nothing special in this on its School, Birmingham and, while a student stayed in touch, and in December 1914, they own. The Balrog carried with itself a there helped "line the route" for the held a "Council" in London, at Wiseman's shadow that assumed a wing like coronation parade of King George V, being home. For Tolkien, the result of this meeting form. The next reference is what posted just outside the gates of Buckingham was a strong dedication to writing poetry. forms the debate. Palace. He later attended St Philip's School "...suddenly it drew itself up to a great and Exeter College, Oxford. In the summer of 1911, Tolkien went on height, and its wings were spread holiday in Switzerland, a trip that he from wall to wall..." His mother converted to Roman recollects vividly in a 1968 letter (Letters,

Readers usually make their own Catholicism in 1900, despite vehement no. 306), noting that Bilbo's journey across interpretation of this, and feel it to be protests by her Baptist family. She died of the Misty Mountains ("including the quite obvious. However, it can be diabetes in 1904, when Tolkien was twelve, glissade down the slithering stones into the seen in two possible ways. For some, at Fern Cottage, Rednal, which they were pine woods") is directly based on his the Balrog has a shadow that assumes then renting. For the rest of his life, Tolkien adventures as their party of twelve hiked a wing-like form. Later, this shadow felt that she had become a martyr for her from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen, and on to is spread from wall to wall. Others, faith; this had a profound effect on his own camp in the moraines beyond Mürren. Fifty- however, think that the Balrog has Catholic beliefs. Tolkien's devout faith was seven years later, Tolkien remembers his actual wings that are spread from wall significant in the conversion of C.S. Lewis regret at leaving the view of the eternal to wall. There is no real conclusion to the debate, and it will probably to Anglicanism. snows of Jungfrau and Silberhorn ("the continue as long as Tolkien has Silvertine (Celebdil) of my dreams"). They readers. During his subsequent orphan hood he was went across the Kleine Scheidegg on to brought up by Father Francis Xavier Grindelwald and across the Grosse Arguments For Balrog Wings Morgan of the Birmingham Oratory, in the Scheidegg to Meiringen. They continued The most common argument for those Edgbaston area of Birmingham. He lived across the Grimsel Pass and through the supporting Balrog wings is the second there in the shadow of Perrott's Folly and upper Valais to Brig, and on to the Aletsch reference in "The Bridge of Khazad- the Victorian tower of Edgbaston glacier and Zermatt. dûm". The people supporting Balrog waterworks, which may have influenced the wings believe the sentence to mean that the Balrog had literal wings images of the dark towers within his works. spreading from wall to wall. There are Other strong influences were the Romantic also other references that may be medievalist paintings of Edward Burne- taken as evidence of Balrog wings. Jones and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood; These usually involve discussions the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery about references to speed of travel: has a large and world-renowned collection "Swiftly they arose, and they passed of works and had put it on free public with winged speed over Hithlum, and display from around 1908. they came to Lammoth as a tempest of fire." – Morgoth's Ring, The Later Quenta Silmarillion: “Of the Rape of the Silmarils”

Here, the Balrogs are said to move "with winged speed". This is usually Tolkien in 1916, wearing his British Army taken as a metaphor for moving very uniform in a photograph from the middle quickly, but there are people who years of WW1 believe this is a strong argument for Balrog wings. On the evening of his twenty-first birthday,

Tolkien wrote to Edith a declaration of his Arguments Against Balrog Wings love and asked her to marry him. She replied The first reference to the Balrog is J.R.R. Tolkien in 1911 one of the main arguments against saying that she was already engaged, but had wings, as it explicitly refers to "wings done so because she had believed Tolkien of shadow" instead of physical wings. Youth had forgotten her. The two met up, and Another common argument is that Tolkien met and fell in love with Edith beneath a railway viaduct renewed their Balrogs are never exactly described as Mary Bratt, three years his senior, at the age love, with Edith returning her ring and flying, unless one assumes "winged of sixteen. Father Francis forbade him from choosing to marry Tolkien instead. A speed" means flying. There are also meeting, talking, or even corresponding condition of their engagement was that she numerous situations where a Balrog with her until he was twenty-one. He was to convert to Catholicism for him. They could have either saved or helped obeyed this prohibition to the letter. itself by flying but didn't do so: were engaged in Birmingham, in January

"Many are the songs that have been 1913, and married in Warwick, England, on sung of the duel of Glorfindel with In 1911, while they were at King Edward's March 22, 1916. the Balrog upon a pinnacle of rock in School, Birmingham, Tolkien and three that high place; and both fell to ruin in friends, Rob Gilson, Geoffrey Smith and With his childhood love of landscape, he the abyss." Christopher Wiseman, formed a semi-secret visited Cornwall in 1914 and he was said to – Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter 23, society which they called "the T.C.B.S.", have been deeply impressed by the singular "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin" the initials standing for "Tea Club and Cornish coastline and sea. After graduating And: Barrovian Society", alluding to their from the University of Oxford (Exeter "I threw down my enemy, and he fell fondness of drinking tea in Barrow's Stores from the high place, and broke the College, Oxford) with a first-class degree in near the school and, illegally, in the school mountain-side where he smote it in English language in 1915, Tolkien joined his ruin." library. After leaving school, the members the British Army effort in World War I, and – The Two Towers, Chapter 5, "The White Rider" Page 9 of 16 In both the duel with Glorfindel and served as a second lieutenant in the eleventh bicycle. This attitude is perceptible from with Gandalf, the Balrog fell from a battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers. His some parts of his work, such as the forced great height and did not use its wings. battalion was moved to France in 1916, industrialisation of The Shire in The Lord of Obviously, it is possible that the where Tolkien served as a communications the Rings. wings could not be used for flying. officer during the Battle of the Somme, until This could be due to its size or its he came down with trench fever on October current physical condition (injury or 27, and was moved back to England on exhaustion as a result of combat). November 8. Many of his fellow However, even the size of Balrogs are a matter of dispute. Tolkien gives a servicemen, as well as many of his closest few statements of the Balrog's size. friends, were killed in the war. During his "[The Balrog] strode to the fissure, no recovery in a cottage in Great Haywood, more than man-high yet terror seemed Staffordshire, England, he began to work on to go before it." what he called The Book of Lost Tales, – “The Treason of Isengard”, Chapter beginning with The Fall of Gondolin. 10, "The Mines of Moria II: The Throughout 1917 and 1918 his illness kept Bridge" recurring, but he had recovered enough to

do home service at various camps, and was This does not appear in the published version of The Lord of the Rings, so it promoted to lieutenant. When he was may or may not be taken as a proof. stationed at Kingston upon Hull, one day he But when the Balrog does engage the and Edith went walking in the woods at The last known photograph of Tolkien, taken Fellowship, it passes through an nearby Roos, and Edith began to dance for 9 October 1972, next to one of his favourite entrance. him in a thick grove of hemlock. This trees (a Pinus nigra) in the Botanic Garden, incident inspired the account of the meeting Oxford The entrance is sized so that "...orcs of Beren and Lúthien, and Tolkien often one after another leaped into the referred to Edith as his Lúthien. W.H. Auden was a frequent correspondent chamber." and "...clustered in the and long-time friend of Tolkien's, initiated doorway." (The Fellowship of the by Auden's fascination with The Lord of the Ring, Chapter 5, "The Bridge of Oxford Khazad-dûm"). Though these Tolkien's first civilian job after World War I Rings: Auden was among the most statements are open to interpretation, was at the Oxford English Dictionary prominent early critics to praise the work. it is conjectured that Balrogs cannot (among others, he initiated the entries Tolkien wrote in a 1971 letter, be very large (clearly not as large as "wasp" and "walrus"). In 1920 he took up a portrayed in Peter Jackson's movie) to post as Reader in English language at the "I am [...] very deeply in Auden's debt in fit through such an entrance. The University of Leeds, and in 1924 was made recent years. His support of me and interest Balrog's size matters both because a a professor there, but in 1925 he returned to in my work has been one of my chief large size would make it unlikely that Oxford as a professor of Anglo-Saxon at encouragements. He gave me very good its wings were functional, and also reviews, notices and letters from the because during the confrontation with Pembroke College. Gandalf, its wings were said to span beginning when it was by no means a the width of the chasm. Physical Tolkien and Edith had four children: John popular thing to do. He was, in fact, sneered wings on such a small creature could Francis Reuel (November 17, 1917 - at for it." not possibly do this, thus the belief January 22, 2003), Michael Hilary Reuel – The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, #327 that they are metaphorical wings of (October 1920–1984), Christopher John shadow. Reuel (1924) and Priscilla Anne Reuel

(1929). Tolkien assisted Sir Mortimer Retirement and Old Age Some think the strongest objection is During his life in retirement, from 1959 up the simplest: that taking references Wheeler in the unearthing of a Roman like the second statement seriously Asclepieion at Lydney Park, to his death in 1973, Tolkien increasingly mean that all lines must be taken Gloucestershire, in 1928. During his time at turned into a figure of public attention and literally. For example, shortly before Pembroke, Tolkien wrote The Hobbit and literary fame. The sale of his books was so the Balrog's appearance, "Gandalf the first two volumes of The Lord of the profitable that Tolkien regretted he had not came flying down the steps and fell to Rings. Of Tolkien's academic publications, taken early retirement. While at first he the ground in the midst of the the 1936 lecture "Beowulf: the Monsters wrote enthusiastic answers to reader Company". But few would believe and the Critics" had a lasting influence on inquiries, he became more and more that Gandalf literally flew. Beowulf research. suspicious of emerging Tolkien fandom, especially among the hippy movement in the

USA. Already in 1944, he made a somewhat Are There Any Balrogs Left in In 1945, he moved to Merton College, Middle-earth? Oxford, becoming the Merton Professor of sarcastic comment about a fan letter by a Yes, there is still a possibility that English Language and Literature, in which twelve-year-old American reader ("It's nice Balrogs are still lurking out there. post he remained until his retirement in to find that little American boys do really After the last battle of the First Age 1959. Tolkien completed The Lord of the still say 'Gee Whiz'.", Letters no. 87). In a some Balrogs escaped the Valar's Rings in 1948, close to a decade after the 1972 letter he deplores having become a wrath and hid deep underground. The first sketches. During the 1950s, Tolkien cult-figure, but admits that Silmarillion tells us that: spent many of his long academic holidays at "The Balrogs were destroyed, save "Even the nose of a very modest idol some few that fled and hid themselves the home of his son John Francis in Stoke- in caverns inaccessible at the roots of on-Trent. Tolkien had an intense dislike for (younger than Chu-Bu and not much older the earth..." the side effects of industrialisation, which than Sheemish) cannot remain entirely he considered a devouring of the English untickled by the sweet smell of incense!" countryside. For most of his adult life he – The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, #336. eschewed automobiles, preferring to ride a

Page 10 of 16 How Many Balrogs Were There? Fan attention became so intense that Edith Mary Tolkien, In one of Tolkien's early Middle-earth Tolkien had to take his phone number out of Lúthien, writings, Lay of the Children of the public directory, and eventually he and 1889 – 1971 Húrin, "Lungothrin, Lord of Balrogs" Edith moved to Bournemouth, on the south is mentioned. It is not, however, coast. Tolkien was awarded a CBE John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, certain if it was another name for ("Commander of the British Empire") by Beren, Gothmog, or it simply meant "a Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace 1892 – 1973 Balrog lord". According to on March 28, 1972. Christopher Tolkien, the latter is more probable, as the name Gothmog was Posthumously named after Tolkien are the mentioned in the earliest Middle-earth Edith Tolkien died on November 29, 1971, Tolkien Road in Eastbourne, East Sussex, writings, as well as the final version at the age of eighty-two, and Tolkien had and the asteroid 2675 Tolkien. Tolkien Way of Tolkien's mythology. the name Lúthien engraved on the stone at in Stoke-On-Trent is named after J.R.R.'s Wolvercote Cemetery, Oxford. When son Father John Francis Tolkien, who used The Balrogs were originally Tolkien died 21 months later on September to be the priest in charge at the nearby envisioned as being immense in 2, 1973, at the age of 81, he was buried in Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of the number: the same grave, with Beren added to his Angels and St. Peter in Chains. "The early conception of Balrogs name, so that the engraving now reads: makes them less terrible, and certainly more destructible, than they afterwards became: they existed in 'hundreds' (p. 170), and were slain by Tuor and the Gondothlim in large numbers: "thus five fell before Tuor's great axe Dramborleg, three before Ecthelion's sword, and two score were slain by the warrior's of the king's house." – The Book of Lost Tales 2, commentary by Christopher Tolkien on "The Fall of Gondolin"

"There came wolves and serpents and there came Balrogs one thousand, and there came Glomund the Father of Dragons." – “The Lost Road and Other Writings”, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter 16, §15

As the legendarium became more formidable and internally consistent, and the Balrogs more terrible, this number was much reduced. In the end Tolkien stated that there were probably "at most" seven Balrogs: "In the margin my father wrote: 'There should not be supposed more than say 3 or at most 7 ever existed.'" – “Morgoth's Ring”, Section 2 (AAm): note 50

It should however be noted that these texts postdate the published The Lord of the Rings, but predate the materials from which the published The Silmarillion was drawn. The exact number of Balrogs is therefore very uncertain, but Tolkien's note above The grave of J.R.R. and Edith Tolkien seems to have been his final word. However, the number of 3 would require the rewriting of much of The Silmarillion, and even the number of 7 causes conflicts. At least two Your Tip Balrogs were killed at Gondolin, part of a group of more. All others save Have some advice to offer? one were destroyed during the War of Wrath, and yet there were still enough If so, your tip could be here! there to allow Durin's Bane to flee from the battle unnoticed. While "thousands" clearly is not according Email it to [email protected] to the author’s intent, a more probable number, taking into account the writings, is that there were at least a dozen.

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Player Ratings For more information on how these ratings are calculated, and what each means, please take a look at our website: www.middleearthgames.com

Valar Rating Ainur Rating Council of the Wise – Ranking Rating Player Ranking Rating Team Name Or Individual Player 1 2080 John Seals Captain Ranking Votes Player 2 1826 Mike Sankey 1 1853 David Ruzic 1 26 Ernest Hakey 3 1760 Robert Turkot 2 1799 Us 2 2 21 Ricard Pitarque =4 1730 David Ruzic 3 1786 Aussie 3 14 David Holt =4 1730 James Adams 4 1777 Gm 4 12 Harry 6 1714 Mike Barber 5 1743 Andraste Nikokavouras 7 1709 Rick Halvorsen 6 1740 The Sarumen 5 11 Steven Mcabee 8 1707 David Holt 7 1735 Us 1 =5 11 John Lamulle 9 1685 Joel Mason 8 1732 John Simpson =5 11 John Gates 10 1684 Anders 9 1716 Jerry Mellerick =5 11 Chris Guise Stockmarr 10 1703 Marc =9 10 Gareth Pinsonneault Gillingham Maia Rating =9 10 Ian Etchells Ranking Rating Player Council of the Wise – =9 10 Tonia 1 2019 Ernest Hakey Enemy Player Hartofylaka 2 1878 Michael Mulka Ranking Votes Player =9 10 Brad Stephens 3 1868 Alan Jeffrey 1 11 Michael Reisfeld 4 1860 Jeff Glover 2 8 Ricard Pitarque Council Of the Wise – 5 1853 Mike Barber 3 6 John Briggs Team Player 6 1851 Randall Brady =4 5 David Holt Ranking Votes Player 7 1847 Chris Guise =4 5 Harry 1 22 Ricard Pitarque 8 1841 David Holt Nikokavouras =1 22 Ernest Hakey =9 1839 David Crane =4 5 Ernest Hakey =3 16 David Holt =9 1839 John Briggs 7 4 Alan Jeffrey =3 16 Manolis Perakis =7 4 Guy Roppa =3 14 Mike Barber Istari Rating =9 3 Skage Hem =3 14 John Briggs Ranking Rating Player =9 3 Gary Hood =3 14 Ian Etchells 1 2346 Steven Mcabee =9 3 Michael Kamine 8 13 Chris Guise 2 2136 Ernest Hakey =9 3 M Joyce 9 11 Steven Mcabee 3 2024 Phillip Vogel =9 3 David Crane =9 11 Bradford Fisher 4 1996 Chesley =9 3 David Ruzic =9 11 John Lamulle Coughlin =9 3 Caleb Hudelson =9 11 Kevin O'keefe 5 1846 Mike Sankey =9 3 Joseph Williams 6 1788 Thomas =9 3 Steven Mcabee Maccabe Iii =9 3 Bettina Wagner 7 1759 Ricard Pitarque =9 3 John Lamulle 8 1746 David Ruzic 9 1716 Bradford Fisher 10 1708 Joel Mason

Nazgul Rating Ranking Nazgul Player Games Games Games Played Won Dropped =1 100% Robert Turkot 7 7 =1 100% James Adams 7 7 =1 100% David Ruzic 7 7 =4 100% Joel Mason 6 6 =4 100% Rick Halvorsen 6 6 =4 100% David Pearson 6 6 7 91% Mike Sankey 11 10 8 90% Chris Guise 10 9 9 90% David Holt 10 9 1 10 88% Marian Ewell 8 7 1

Page 12 of 16 A-Z of Tolkien... Rules of War Taken from tolkiengateway.net Rules of War

This game summary has sadly become unattached from its game, and indeed its author. We Glorfindel of Rivendell Glorfindel of Rivendell apologise for this, and if you recognise either the game or you are its author, please get in A noble Elf of Rivendell, he fought at the Battle of Fornost, where he touch so that this can be remedied in the next issue. confronted the Witch-king of However, Evil Bradley pulled out the rules Angmar. Following the battle, The realm of Middle-earth was once free. The of war and pointed out that a strategic Glorfindel persuaded King Earnur of Lords and Ladies of the lands were a proud victory had occurred. The leaders of the Gondor not to pursue the Witch-king, people; before the fall, before their great Free People were outraged. Gareon had saying of him, "not by the hand of defeat. It all started when Gareon III hosted promised a war of glory. A long military man will he fall". This prophecy came the Evil Hobbit Bradley. Bradley and Gareon battle to the end. Generation upon true centuries later when the Witch- spoke of Glory. They spoke of battle; a long generation had always negotiated away the king was killed by Eowyn. glorious war. If only assassins, poisons and strategic victory. But Gareon’s foul guest

In The Lord of the Rings, Glorfindel such ill-noble artifices were not part of the had left this detail out, and the Free Peoples helped Frodo Baggins and his war. Bradley’s poison tongue flickered as he had never bothered to ask. companions to reach the House of spoke, “We could war without assassins. No Elrond and evade the pursuit of the +20!” The seeds of demise had been planted. Gareon descended upon Bradley with an Black Riders. He was one of a few army of rules lawyers. They argued, Elves sent out by Elrond, being one Gareon III wrote to his cousin, Good King moaned, and spoke of intent. However, the who could "ride openly against the David II of North Kingdom, that the Dark Rules of War were clear on this matter. The Nine". Referring to this ability, Servants desired a fair and open contest. fate of the Free Peoples was sealed. Gandalf later tells Frodo that "those Gareon continued that this was the war they Bradley’s twisted hobbits won. Gareon, who have dwelt in the Blessed Realm live at once in both worlds, and had been seeking. That this war was their disgusted, decided to leave Middle-earth against both the Seen and Unseen legacy. The battle was to be largely a military altogether. they have great power". This clearly contest. suggests that Glorfindel has spent time in Aman. Moreover, Gandalf Good King David thought long and hard…. identifies Glorfindel as "an Elf-lord of He wrote to the leaders of the Free Peoples. a house of princes". Glorfindel was a “Rally your levies! Glorious war is upon us.” participant in the Council of Elrond, The spy masters and assassins were also where he suggested the possibility of ready, but the leaders of the Free peoples were throwing the One Ring into the sea. not interested in their council. It is possible, and indeed frequently argued, that Glorfindel of Rivendell The war started in earnest. Exchanges were was the reincarnation of Glorfindel of made on both sides. While King David’s son Gondolin. If that is the case, then he is Prince Edward IV was raising troops at Moria, the only known reincarnated Elf to he was struck down by an assassin’s blade. have returned from Aman to Middle- First there was shock, then dismay that a 50 earth. This is consistent with commander with 30 points of mage skill could Glorfindel's powers against the be struck down so early in the war. Had evil Ringwraiths, as well as with the statement that he is an Elf-lord Bradley lied?! It must be a fluke. But next (Glorfindel of Gondolin was known month two more commanders were slain. as the Chief of the House of the Then two more, and more… Golden Flower). Tolkien himself stated this possibility to be true in an After several months the North Kingdom was essay written late in life (found in The under siege. All of their starting pop. centres Peoples of Middle-earth): had been captured except the capital, Annuminas. The Free Peoples felt safe behind "An Elf who had. . . fought in the their walls. Furthermore, while the loss of the long wars against Melkor would be an eminently suitable companion for capital would be a moral blow, strategically Gandalf. We could then reasonably the Free Peoples were fine. They could suppose that Glorfindel. . . landed continue the glorious war till the Dark with Gandalf-Olórin about Third Age Servants had been vanquished from Middle- 1000. This supposition would indeed earth. explain the air of special power and sanctity that surrounds Glorfindel - But then the unthinkable happened, and the note how the Witch-king flies from walls of Annuminas gave way. Evil Bradley’s him, although all others. . . however host of malformed hobbits broke the walls. brave could not induce their horses to face him. . . [A long discussion of The capital fell… reincarnation follows here] . . . At any rate what at first sight may seem the The Free Peoples were angry that their capital simplest solution must be abandoned; had been taken. They ranted and raved. sc. that we have merely a While a few cowards spoke of surrender, the reduplication of names, and that Free Peoples’ Alliance was not broken. Their Glorfindel of Gondolin and Glorfindel resolve intact, they were ready for more. of Rivendell were different persons. This repetition of so striking a name, though possible, would not be Page 13 of 16 credible. . . [A telling of Glorfindel's tale follows here] . . . We may then Echoes of the Past: suppose that Glorfindel returned during the Second Age, before the Tolkien and D&D 'shadow' fell on Númenor. . ." – The Peoples of Middle-earth, Last This article was taken from the Mouth of Sauron, Issue 14. Author unknown. Writings, "Glorfindel" To see the whole of this issue of Mouth of Sauron, and indeed other issues, please visit our forum: http://mepbm.com, or view them directly here: http://mepbm.com/info/mouth/ However, it is unlikely that Tolkien believed this at the time he wrote The Lord of the Rings, since at that point Many people have noticed that Tolkien's novel Smeagol. He's brought his essay for the nice he frequently used names from his The Lord of the Rings bears an uncanny Mr Professor. unpublished Silmarillion for resemblance to the game of Dungeons and characters in the newer work, without Dragons, in that it contains elves, dwarves, [Tolkien goes over to open the door, doing implying that the two characters were orcs and so forth. Clearly Tolkien was much his best to block the view of the dice, the same. influenced by D&D, and a recently unearthed counters and miniature monsters on the recording, probably made by MI5, shows him floor. Meanwhile the rest of the party playing Dungeons and Dragons on the floor of hurriedly leap into chairs and pretend to be Glorfindel of Gondolin his rooms in Merton College, Oxford, one having a deep discussion.] Glorfindel was a noble Noldorin Elf evening, with C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, of Gondolin, chief of the House of the Golden Flower. He was described as and various other luminaries. Lewis: Yes but we all remember what St wearing a mantle so broidered in Paul says about the Numinous in his Epistle threads of gold that it was diapered Here is part of the transcript of the recording, to the Confusions... with celandine as a field in spring, which all will agree is of great historical and his arms were damascened with interest. cunning gold. He was said to be much Tolkien: Well, Smeagol, where this essay? loved by all, and during the Fall of Can't you see I'm busy discussing the Gondolin fought Orcs and Balrogs in C.S. Lewis: Well, Tom, it's really good of you Numinous? the Great Market. to come along and act as Dungeon Master for the evening. I Haven't enjoyed myself so Smeagol: Don't be hard on poor Smeagol, he During the retreat of the last survivors much since I played in G.K. Chesterton's couldn't find his precious elvish dictionary. across the city, he guarded their rear dungeon and slew Father Brown. That nasty Baggins had borrowed it. Oooh, from fierce Fire-drakes. Later, in the flight across the Encircling what's that on the floor? Mountains, he still guarded the rear, T.S. Eliot (for it is he): Thanks. Anyway, is and when Morgoth sprung his trap Father Aslan going to go and explore the Tolkien: Er, nothing. My son must have left slew many Orcs. The falling of rocks Waste Land further yet, or will he have his toys there. from above near destroyed them, and another drink? all would have perished, but Smeagol: Can Smeagol be an orc? Thorondor descended, and for a while Lewis: That depends on the rest of the party. they were saved. But then a Balrog Radagast? leaped among the women and Bertrand Russell: Certainly not. We don't children, swinging its whip of flame. want any orcs. I've come over specially to Glorfindel leaped forward, and in Tolkien: Yes, I want to go and see Madame play White Head the dwarf. long combat high on the rock he Sosostris the clairvoyant and see what she has fought. After a fierce fight Glorfindel to say. cut off the creature's whip-arm at the Lewis: You mean, 'to argue the non- elbow, and the Balrog sprang existence of God', don't you? forward. Then Glorfindel drew a (Murmurs of assent from Dorothy L. Sayers, Charles Williams, Bertrand Russell (visiting), knife, and stabbed the Balrog in the Russell: Er, yes. Sorry. belly. But as the Balrog fell it grasped etc. etc.) Glorfindel's golden locks, and both descended into the abyss. Thorondor Eliot: O.K. Radagast I want you to roll a D20 Tolkien: Off you go boy and hand your went down and bore back up his at this stage to see what happens as you walk essay in on time in future. [Door slams]. body, and he was mourned. across the Waste Land. Now, my character Radagast threw a 12. What happens to him? Some have speculated that Glorfindel of Rivendell was him resurrected, as [LOUD BANGING ON THE DOOR.] writings in Morgoth's Ring indicate this was possible, and writings in The Tolkien: Who is it? Peoples of Middle-earth seem to confirm the theory. Voice outside: Iss only me, Professor Tolkien. Juss poor Complex Tip Moving armies fed can be tricky. Having a small army at that same location so that you can 780 (transfer command), can mean that army moves off fed. If the small army has lots of food you can very likely move off fed next turn.

Page 14 of 16

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Page 15 of 16 Adanedhel, Adelard Took, Adorn, Adrahil captain to Ondoher, Adrahil father of Imrahil, Aduial, Adûnaic, Adûnakhôr, Adurant, Aeglos, Aeglos, Aegnor, Aelin-uial, Aeluin, Aerandir, Aerin, Afterborn, Aftercomers, Afterlithe, Afteryule, Agarwaen, Aghan, Aglarond, Aglon, Aiglos, Ailinel, Ainulindalë, Ainur, Music of the Ainur, Aiwendil, Akallabêth, Akallabêth, Alatar, Alatáriel, Alcarin, Alcarin, Alcarinquë, Alcarondas, Aldamir, Aldarion, Aldarion, Erendis, Aldaron, Aldburg, Aldëa, Aldor, Alfirin, Algund, Almaida, Almaren, Almarian, Almiel, Alqualondë, Altáriel, Aman, Mountains of Aman, Amandil, Amarië, Amdír, Amlach, Amlaith of Fornost, Amon Amarth, Amon Anwar, Amon Darthir, Amon Dîn, Amon Ereb, Amon Ethir, Amon Gwareth, Amon Hen, Amon Lanc, Amon Lhaw, Amon Obel, Amon Rûdh, Amon Sûl, Tower of Amon Sûl, Amon Uilos, Amras, Amrod, Amroth, Cerin Amroth, Anach, Pass of Anach, Anadûnê, Anar, Anardil of Gondor, Anardil of Númenor, Anárion son of Elendil, Anárion son of Ancalimë, 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Felagund, Felaróf, Fell Winter of the Third Age, Fellowship of the Ring, Fen Hollen, Fen of Serech, Fengel, Fenmarch, Fens of Sirion, Ferny, Bill Ferny, Ferumbras Took II, Ferumbras Took III, Field of Celebrant, Battle of the Field of Celebrant, Field of Cormallen, Fiery Mountain, Fíli, Filibert Bolger, Fimbrethil, Finarfin, House of Finarfin, Findegil, Finduilas of Dol Amroth, Finduilas of Nargothrond, Finglas, Fingolfin, Fall of Fingolfin, House of Fingolfin, Fingon, Finrod Felagund, Finwë, Fire of Ilúvatar, Fire-drakes, Firefoot, Fire-mountain, Fíriel, Firien Wood, Firienholt, Fírimar, Firith, First Age, First Battle, First Battle of the Fords of Isen, First Eastfarthing Troop, First Homely House, First House of the Edain, First Marshal of the Riddermark, Firstborn, Firth of Drengist, Fladrif, Flambard Took, Flame Imperishable, Flame of Anor, Flame of the West, Flame of Udûn, Flets, Flight of the Noldor, Floating Log, Foam-flower, Foe-hammer, Folca, Folco Boffin, Folcred, Folcwine, Folde, Folk of Haleth, Followers, Ford of Brithiach, Ford of Bruinen, Fords of Aros, Fords of Isen, Battles of the Fords of Isen, First Battle of the Fords of Isen, Second Battle of the Fords of Isen, Fords of Poros, Forelithe, Forest, Forest of Brethil, Forest of Fangorn, Forest of Neldoreth, Forest of Region, Forest River, Forest Road, Foreyule, Forgoil, Forlindon, Forlond, Forlong, Formenos, Forn, Fornost, Amlaith of Fornost, Battle of Fornost, Forochel, Icebay of Forochel, Snowmen of Forochel, Forodwaith lands, Forodwaith people, Forostar, Forsaken Inn, Fortinbras Took I, Fortinbras Took II, Forweg, Fosco Baggins, Fourth Age, Fram, Frár, Fréa, Fréaláf Hildeson, Fréawine, Freca, Fredegar Bolger, Free Peoples, Frerin, Friend-of-Men, Frodo Baggins, Frodo Gardner, Frogmorton, Front Gate, Frór, Frumgar, Fuinur, Fundin, Gabilgathol, Gaffer Gamgee, Galadhon, Galadhriel, Galadhrim, Lady of the Galadhrim, Galador, Galadriel, Mirror of Galadriel, Phial of Galadriel, Galathil, Galathilion, Galdor of Dor-lómin, Galdor of the Havens, Galenas, Galion, Gálmód, Galvorn, Gamgee, Daisy Gamgee, Gaffer Gamgee, Halfast Gamgee, Halfred Gamgee, Hamfast Gamgee, Hamson Gamgee, Marigold Gamgee, May Gamgee, Roper Gamgee, Sam Gamgee, Samwise Gamgee, Gamil Zirak, Gamling, Gammidge, Hob Gammidge, Gammidgy, Gamwich family, Wiseman Gamwich, Gamwich village, Gandalf, Gap of Rohan, Gardner, Bilbo Gardner, Daisy Gardner, Elanor Gardner, Frodo Gardner, Goldilocks Gardner, Hamfast Gardner, Merry Gardner, Pippin Gardner, Primrose Gardner, Robin Gardner, Rose Gardner, Ruby Gardner, Tolman Gardner, Gasping Dust, Gate of Erebor, Gate of Isengard, Gate of Steel, Gate of the Noldor, Gates of Argonath, Gates of Mordor, Gates of Sirion, Gaurwaith, Gelion, Greater Gelion, Gelmir of Angrod's People, Gelmir of Nargothrond, Gerontius Took, Gethron, Ghân, Ghân-buri-Ghân, Giants, Stone-giants, Gift of Men, Gildor Inglorion, Gildor of Dorthonion, Gil-galad, Fall of Gil-galad, Spear of Gil-galad, Gilly Brownlock, Gilraen, Gilrain, Gilthoniel, Gimilkhâd, Gimilzagar, Gimli Elf-friend, Ginglith, Girdle of Melian, Girion, Girithron, Giver of Fruits, Gladden Fields, Gladden River, Glamdring, Glamhoth, Glanduin, Glaurung, Dagnir Glaurunga, Glingal, Glithui, Glittering Caves, Lord of the Glittering Caves, Glóin son of Gróin, Glóin son of Thorin I, Glóredhel, Glorfindel of Gondolin, Glorfindel of Rivendell, Gnats, Goatleaf, Harry Goatleaf, Goblin-cleaver, Goblin-men, Goblins, Goblin-town, Gods, Golasgil, Goldberry, Golden, Golden Hall, Golden Perch, Golden Wood, Lady of the Golden Wood, Goldenbed, Golden-haired, Goldenhead, Goldfather, Goldilocks Gardner, Goldwine, Golfimbul, Gollum, Golodhrim, Golug, Gondolin, Exiles of Gondolin, Fall of Gondolin, Great Gate of Gondolin, King of Gondolin, White Lady of Gondolin, Gondolindrim, Gondor, Beacons of Gondor, Citadel of Gondor, City of Gondor, Council of Gondor, Crown of Gondor, Guard of the Tower of Gondor, King of Gondor, King of Gondor and Arnor, Lord of Gondor, Men of Gondor, Queen of Gondor, Regent of Gondor, Royal House of Gondor, South Gondor, Gondorians, Gonnhirrim, Goodbody, Togo Goodbody, Goodchild, Bell Goodchild, Gorbadoc Brandybuck, Gorbag, Gore, Gorgoroth, Gorgûn, Gorhendad Oldbuck, Gorlim the Unhappy, Gormadoc Brandybuck, Gorthaur, Gorthol, Gothmog Lieutenant of Morgul, Gothmog Lord of Balrogs, Gram King of Rohan, Gram Mount, Great Armament, Great Battle, Great Darkness, Great Gate of Gondolin, Great Gate of Minas Tirith, Great Gates, Great Goblin, Great Gulf, Great Hall of Feasts, Great Hall of Thráin, Great House, Great Jewel, Great Jewels, Great Journey, Great Lake, Great Music, Great Ones, Great Orcs, Great Plague, Great Ring, Great Rings, Great River, Great Sea of the West, Great Siege, Great Smials, Great War of the Ring, Great Worm, Greater Gelion, Green Dragon, Green Hill Country, Green Hills of Gondor, Green Hills of the Shire, Green Mound, Green-elves, Greenhand, Halfred Greenhand, Holman Greenhand, Greenhanded, Greenholm, Fastred of Greenholm, Greenleaf, Greenway, Greenwood the Great, Grey Company, Grey Havens, Grey Mountains, Grey Pilgrim, Grey Wanderer, Greycloak, Grey-elven, Grey-elves, Greyflood, Greyhame, Greylin, Greymantle, Gríma Wormtongue, Grimbeorn the Old, Grimbold of Westfold, Grip, Grishnákh, Grithnir, Gróin, Grond battering-ram, Grond Hammer of the Underworld, Grór, Grubb, Laura Grubb, Guard of the Tower of Gondor, Guarded Plain, Guards of the Citadel, Guild of Venturers, Guild of Weaponsmiths, Guilin, Gulls, Gundabad, Gundor, Gurthang, Guthláf, Gúthwinë, Gwaeron, Gwaihir, Gwaith-i-Mírdain, Gwathir, Gwathló, Gwindor, Hadhodrond, Hador Lórindol, Helm of Hador, House of Hador, People of Hador, Hador of Gondor, Hal Gamgee, Haladin, Halbarad, Haldad, Haldan, Haldar, Haldir of Lórien, Haldir of the Haladin, Haleth daughter of Haldad, Folk of Haleth, House of Haleth, People of Haleth, Haleth son of Helm, Halethrim, Halfast Gamgee, Half-elven, Half-elven Elrond and Elros, Halfling, Halflings, Land of the Halflings, Prince of the Halflings, Halflings' Leaf, Half-orcs, Halfred Gamgee, Halfred Greenhand, Halifirien, Halimath, Hall of Fire, Hallacar, Hallas, Hallatan, Halls of Mandos, Halls of Waiting, Halmir, Háma, Hamfast 'Gaffer' Gamgee, Hamfast Gardner, Hammer of the Underworld, Hammerhand, Hamson Gamgee, Handir, Harad, Far Harad, Men of Harad, Near Harad, Harad Road, Haradrim, Haradwaith, Hardbottle, Hareth, Harfoots, Harlindon, Harlond in Gondor, Harlond in Lindon, Harnen, Harrowdale, Harry Goatleaf, Hasufel, Hathaldir, Hathol, Haudh in Gwanur, Haudh-en-Arwen, Haudh-en-Elleth, Haudh-en-Ndengin, Haudh-en-Nirnaeth, Haven of the Swans, Haven of Umbar, Haven-finder, Havens of Sirion, Havens of the Falas, Elves of the Havens, Hay Gate, Haysend, Hayward, Hob Hayward, Headstrong, Malva Headstrong, Heart of Fire, Heart of the Mountain, Heathertoes, Mat Heathertoes, Heavy-handed, Hedge, Heir of Elendil, Heir of Isildur, Helcar, Helcaraxë, Helevorn, Hells of Iron, Helluin, Helm Hammerhand, Helm of Hador, Land of Bow and Helm, Helm's Deep, Helm's Dike, Helm's Gate, Henderch, Henneth Annûn, Her Ladyship, Herblore of the Shire, Herion, Herucalmo, Herugrim, Herumor, Hewer of Caves, Hidden City, Hidden King, Hidden Kingdom, Hidden Realm, Hidden Rock, High Elves, High Faroth, High Hay, High King, High King of Arda, High King of the Elves, High King of the Noldor, High Ones of Arda, High Pass, High-captain of Angband, Highday, High-elven, Hildeson, Hildifons Took, Hildigrim Took, Hildor, Hildórien, Hill of Erech, Hill of Himring, Hill of Sight, Hill of Spies, Hill of the Eye, Hill-men, Hills of Evendim, Hill-trolls, Himlad, Himling, Himring, Hill of Himring, Hirgon, Hirilondë, Hírilorn, Hirluin, Hísilómë, Hísimë, Hithaeglir, Hither Lands, Hither Shore, Hithlain, Hithlum, Hithui, Hoarwell, Hob Gammidge, Hob Hayward, Hobbit-holes, Hobbiton, Hobbiton Hill, Hobbits, Hobbits of Bree, Hobbits of the Shire, Hobgoblins, Hobson, Holbytlan, Holdwine, Hollin, Holman Cotton, Holman Greenhand, Holman the greenhanded, Holy Mountain: Meneltarma, Holy Mountain: Taniquetil, Holy Ones, Hornblower, Old Toby Hornblower, Tanta Hornblower, Tobold Hornblower, Hornburg, Battle of the Hornburg, Horn-call of Buckland, Hornrock, Horsebreeders, Horse-lords, White Horse, Hound of Valinor, House of Bëor, House of Durin, House of Elendil, House of Elrond, House of Elros, House of Eorl, House of Fëanor, House of Finarfin, House of Fingolfin, House of Hador, House of Haleth, House of Húrin, House of Isildur, House of Ransom, House of the Golden Flower, House of the Mírdain, House of the Stewards, Houses of Healing, Houses of the Dead, Hrívë, Huan, Huggins, William Huggins, Hugo Bracegirdle, Hunter (Creature of Morgoth), Hunter (Title), Hunthor, Hunting of the Wolf, Huntsman of the Valar, Huor, Huorns, Húrin I, Húrin II, Húrin of Emyn Arnen, House of Húrin, Húrin Thalion, Children of Húrin, Narn i Hîn Húrin, Tale of the Children of Húrin, Húrin the Tall, Hyarastorni, Hyarmendacil I, Hyarmendacil II, Hyarmentir, Hyarnustar, Hyarrostar, Iarwain Ben-adar, Iavas, Îbal, Ibun, Icebay of Forochel, Idril Celebrindal, Illuin, Ilmarë, Ilmarin, Ilmen, Ilúvatar, Children of Ilúvatar, Vision of Ilúvatar, Younger Children of Ilúvatar, Imlach, Imlad Morgul, Imladris, Imloth Melui, Imrahil, Imrazôr, Incánus, Indis, Inglorion, Ingold, Ingwë, Inscrutable, Inziladûn, Inzilbêth, Ioreth, Írimon, Iris, Irmo, Iron Crown, Iron Hills, Dwarves of the Iron Hills, Iron Mountains, Iron of Death, Ironfoot, Isen, Battles of the Fords of Isen, First Battle of the Fords of Isen, Fords of Isen, Second Battle of the Fords of Isen, Isengar Took, Isengard, Gate of Isengard, Isengarders, Isengrim Took II, Isengrim Took III, Isenmouthe, Isil, Isildur, Heir of Isildur, House of Isildur, Scroll of Isildur, Isildur's Bane, Isildur's Heir, Isilmë, Isilmo, Island of Númenor, Isle of Almaren, Isle of Balar, Isle of Númenor, Isle of Werewolves, Istar, Istari, Isumbras Took I, Isumbras Took III, Isumbras Took IV, Ithil, Ithildin, Ithilien, Prince of Ithilien, South Ithilien, Ithil-stone, Ithryn, Ithryn Luin, Ivanneth, Ivorwen, Ivrin, Eithel Ivrin, Pools of Ivrin, Jewels of Fëanor, Jolly Cotton, Kalimac Brandagamba, Karningul, Keepers of the Three Rings, Last Riding of the Keepers, Kelos, Kelvar, Kementári, Key of Orthanc, Khamûl, Khand, Khazâd, Khazad-dûm, Dwarves of Khazad-dûm, King of Khazad-dûm, Kheled-zâram, Khîm, Khuzdul, Kibil-nâla, Kíli, Kindler, Kine of Araw, King of Arda, King of Arnor, King of Arthedain, King of Dale, King of Doriath, King of Durin's Folk, King of Eagles, King of Gondolin, Tower of the King, King of Gondor, City of the Kings, King of Gondor and Arnor, King of Khazad-dûm, King of Lórien, King of Nargothrond, King of Númenor, City of the Kings, King of Númenórë, King of Rhovanion, King of Rohan, King of the Dead, King of the Mark, King of the Noldor, King of the Sea, King of the West, King under the Mountain, King's Archers, King's Company, King's Court, King's Heir, King's House, King's Men, King's Reckoning, King's Riders, King's Writer, Kingdom of the South, Kingdom under the Mountain, Kingdoms of the Dúnedain, Kings of Men, Kingsfoil, Kingsland, Kinslaying, Kin-strife, Kiril, Kirinki, Kuduk, Labadal, Ladros, Lady of Dor-lómin, Lady of Lórien, Lady of Rohan, Lady of the Galadhrim, Lady of the Golden Wood, Lady of the Seas, Lady of the Shield-arm, Lady of the Star-brow, Lady of the Stars, Laer, Lagduf, Laiquendi, Lairë, Lake Evendim, Lake Mithrim, Lake-men, Lake-town, Master of Lake-town, Lalaith, Lalia Clayhanger, Lamedon, Lammoth, Lamps of the Valar, Land of Bow and Helm, Land of Gift, Land of Seven Rivers, Land of the Dead that Live, Land of the Halflings, Land of Willows, Landroval, Langflood, Langstrand, Langwell, Lanthir Lamath, Largo Baggins, Larnach, Lasse-lanta, Last Alliance of Elves and Men, War of the Last Alliance, Last Battle, Last Bridge, Last Desert, Last Gate, Last Homely House, Last Riding of the Keepers, Láthspell, Laura Grubb, Laurelin, Laurelindórenan, Lay of Leithian, Leaflock, Lebennin, Lebethron, Lefnui, Legolas Greenleaf, Legolin, Lembas, Lenwë, Léod, Léofa, Lhûn Gulf of, Lhûn River, Lidless Eye, Lieutenant of the Tower of Barad-dûr, Light-elves, Lilies, Water-lilies, Lily Baggins, Lily Brown, Limlaith, Limlight, Linaewen, Linda Baggins, Lindar, Lindens, Lindir, Lindon, Elves of Lindon, Ered Lindon, Lindórië, Lindórinand, Line of Elros, Linhir, Lithe, Lithlad, Little Delving, Little Folk, Little Gelion, Little People, Loa, Lobelia Sackville-Baggins, Lockholes, Loeg Ningloron, Loëndë, Lómion, Lond Daer, Lone-lands, Lonely Isle, Lonely Mountain, Heart of the Mountain, King under the Mountain, Kingdom under the Mountain, Long Cleeve, Diamond of Long Cleeve, Long Horn, Long Horn Cotton, Long Lake, Long Wall, Long Winter, Longbeards, Longbottom, Longbottom Leaf, Longholes, Longo Baggins, Long-worms, Lóni, Lord and Lady, Lord of Andúnië, Lord of Balrogs, Lord of Barad-dûr, Lord of Dale, Lord of Dol Amroth, Lord of Dor-lómin, Lord of Eagles, Lord of Emyn Arnen, Lord of Eregion, Lord of Forests, Lord of Gifts, Lord of Gondor, Lord of Lórien, Lord of Lossarnach, Lord of Minas Tirith, Lord of Mordor, Lord of Morgul, Lord of Moria, Lord of Nargothrond, Lord of Rivendell, Lord of Rohan, Lord of the Breath of Arda, Lord of the Éothéod, Lord of the Glittering Caves, Lord of the Mark, Lord of the Nazgûl, Lord of the Nine Riders, Lord of the Ring, Lord of the Rings, Lord of the West, Lord of Waters, Lords of the Valar, Lords of the West, Lórellin, Lorgan, Lórien in Middle-earth, Elves of Lórien, King of Lórien, Lord of Lórien, Lórien in Valinor, Lórien Vala, Lórinand, Lórindol, Losgar, Lossarnach, Lord of Lossarnach, Morwen of Lossarnach, Lossoth, Lótessë, Lothíriel, Lothlann, Lothlórien, Lotho Sackville-Baggins, Lothron, Loudwater, Luckwearer, Lugbúrz, Lugdush, Luinil, Lumpkin, Lune, Lúthien Tinúviel, Lúva, Mablung of Ithilien, Mablung of the Heavy Hand, Mad Baggins, Maedhros, Union of Maedhros, Maeglin, Maglor, Maglor's Gap, Magnificent, Magor, Mahal, Máhanaxar, Mahtan, Maia, Maiar, Malach Aradan, Malantur, Malbeth the Seer, Malduin, Malgalad, Mallor, Mallorns, Mallos, Malva Headstrong, Malvegil, Mámandil, Man of the West, Mandos, Doom of Mandos, Halls of Mandos, Man-hearted, Mannish, Manwë, Manwendil, Many Colours, Marach, March of Maedhros, Marchbuck, Marcho, Mardil Voronwë, Marhari, Marhwini, Marigold Gamgee, Mariner, Mariner's Wife, Marish, East-mark, King of the Mark, Lord of the Mark, Marshal of the Mark, Men of the Mark, Riders of the Mark, West-mark, Marmadas Brandybuck, Mar-nu-Falmar, Marshal of the East-mark, Marshal of the Mark, First Marshal, Second Marshal, Third Marshal, Master of Buckland, Master of Doom, Master of Lake-town, Master of the Hall, Masters of Spirits, Masters of Stone, Masterstone, Mat Heathertoes, Mathom-house, Mathoms, Mauhúr, May Gamgee, Mayor of Michel Delving, Mayor of the Shire, Mazarbul, Book of Mazarbul, Chamber of Mazarbul, Mearas, Meduseld, Melian, Girdle of Melian, Melilot Brandybuck, Melkor, Mellyrn, Awakening of Men, Dead Men, Doom of Men, Gift of Men, Goblin-men, Westfold- men, Men of Bree, Men of Brethil, Men of Dale, Men of Darkness, Men of Dor-lómin, Men of Dorthonion, Men of Gondor, Men of Harad, Men of Middle-earth, Men of Minas Tirith, Men of Númenor, Men of Old, Men of Rohan, Men of the Éothéod, Men of the Mark, Men of the North (First Age), Men of the North (Third Age), Men of the Vales of Anduin, Men of the West, Men of Westernesse, Menegroth, Menel, Meneldil, Meneldor, Meneldur, Menelmacar, Meneltarma, Menelvagor, Men-i-Naugrim, Mentha Brandybuck, Meres of Twilight, Mereth Aderthad, Meriadoc Brandybuck, Merimas Brandybuck, Mering Stream, Merry Brandybuck, Merry Gardner, Messenger of Mordor, Methedras, Mettarë, Michel Delving, Mayor of Michel Delving, Mickleburg, Middle-earth, Elves of Middle-earth, Midgewater Marshes, Midyear's Day, Mighty of the West, Milo Burrows, Mîm, Mimosa Bunce, Minalcar, Minardil, Minas Anor, Minas Ithil, Minas Morgul, Lord of Morgul, Minas Tirith Beleriand, Minas Tirith Gondor, Great Gate of Minas Tirith, Lord of Minas Tirith, Men of Minas Tirith, White Tree of Minas Tirith, Minastan, Minastir, Mindeb, Mindolluin, Mindon Eldaliéva, Minhiriath, Minohtar, Min-Rimmon, Minto Burrows, Minuial, Mirabella Took, Mírdain, House of the Mírdain, Míriel of Númenor, Míriel Serindë, Mirkwood, Elves of Mirkwood, Mountains of Mirkwood, Mirror of Galadriel, Mirrormere, Miruvor, Misty Mountains, Mitheithel, Bridge of Mitheithel, Mithlond, Mithrandir, Mithrellas, Mithril, Mithrim, Mithrim Lake, Mittalmar, Moon, Tower of the Moon, Tower of the Rising Moon, Moon-letters, Moontower, Morannon, Mordor, Eye of Mordor, Gates of Mordor, Lord of Mordor, Messenger of Mordor, Orcs of Mordor, Morgai, Morgoth, Morgul Vale, Morgulduin, Morgul-wounds, Moria, Dwarves of Moria, East-gate of Moria, Lord of Moria, Mountains of Moria, Walls of Moria, West-gate of Moria, Moria Gate, Moriquendi, Mormegil, Morrowdim, Mortals, Morthond, Morwen, Tol Morwen, Morwen of Lossarnach, Morwen Steelsheen, Mosco Burrows, Moths, Moto Burrows, Mound of Elendil, Mount Dolmed, Mount Doom, Quest of Mount Doom, Mount Fang, Mount Gram, Mount Gundabad, Mount Rerir, Mount Taras, Mountain of Fire, Mountain Wall, Mountains of Aman, Mountains of Defence, Mountains of Mirkwood, Mountains of Mist, Mountains of Moria, Mountains of Shadow, Ephel Dúath, Mountains of Shadow, Ered Wethrin, Mountains of Terror, Mountain-trolls, Mouth of Sauron, Mouths of Anduin, Mouths of Entwash, Mouths of Sirion, Mrs. Cotton, Mugwort, Mûmakil, Mundburg, Mungo Baggins, Mushrooms, Music of the Ainur, Muster of Edoras, Muzgash, Myrtle Burrows, Nahar, Náin I, Náin II, Náin son of Grór, Naith, Náli, Nameless Things, Námo, Nan Curunír, Nan Dungortheb, Nan Elmoth, Nandor, Nandorin, Nanduhirion, Battle of Nanduhirion, Nan-tasarion, Nan-tathren, Nár, Narbeleth, Narchost, Nardol, 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