Beaufort Sea Oil and Gas Development/Liberty Development and Production Plan Environmental Impact Statement 2001
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Alaska Outer Continental Shelf OCS EIS/EA MMS 2001-002 Liberty Development and Production Plan Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary w o r r a B B t e in a o u P fort Sea Cape Halkett T EC OJ Harri R son B P ay TY ER LIB B Colville Delta arte Bay r Isl dhoe and Pru C A U N . A S D . A Liberty Development and Production Plan, Draft Environmental Impact Statement, OCS EIS/EA, MMS 2001-001, in 3 volumes: Volume I, Executive Summary, Sections I through IX, Bibliography, Index Volume II, Tables, Figures, and Maps for Volume I Volume III, Appendices The summary is also available as a separate document: Executive Summary, MMS 2001-002. The complete EIS is available on CD-ROM (MMS 2001-001 CD) and on the Internet (http://www.mms.gov/alaska/cproject/liberty/). This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is not intended, nor should it be used, as a local planning document by potentially affected communities. The exploration, development and production, and transportation scenarios described in this EIS represent best-estimate assumptions that serve as a basis for identifying characteristic activities and any resulting environmental effects. Several years will elapse before enough is known about potential local details of development to permit estimates suitable for local planning. These assumptions do not represent a Minerals Management Service recommendation, preference, or endorsement of any facility, site, or development plan. Local control of events may be exercised through planning, zoning, land ownership, and applicable State and local laws and regulations. With reference to the extent of the Federal Government’s jurisdiction of the offshore regions, the United States has not yet resolved some of its offshore boundaries with neighboring jurisdictions. For the purposes of the EIS, certain assumptions were made about the extent of areas believed subject to United States’ jurisdiction. The offshore-boundary lines shown in the figures and graphics of this EIS are for purposes of illustration only; they do not necessarily reflect the position or views of the United States with respect to the location of international boundaries, convention lines, or the offshore boundaries between the United States and coastal states concerned. The United States expressly reserves its rights, and those of its nationals, in all areas in which the offshore-boundary dispute has not been resolved; and these illustrative lines are used without prejudice to such rights. Alaska Outer Continental Shelf OCS EIS/EA Liberty Development and Production Plan Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Author Minerals Management Service Alaska OCS Region Cooperating Agencies U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District Office U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 2001 COVER SHEET Beaufort Sea Oil and Gas Development/Liberty Development and Production Plan Environmental Impact Statement 2001 Draft (X) Final ( ) Type of Action: Administrative (X) Legislative ( ) Area of Proposed Effect: Offshore Beaufort Sea marine environment and onshore North Slope of Alaska Coastal Plain Lead Agency: Cooperating Agencies: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Minerals Management Service Alaska District Office U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Regional Contact: Washington Contact: Mr. Fred King Mr. George Valiulis U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service Minerals Management Service Alaska OCS Region 381 Elden Street (MS 4320) 949 East 36th Avenue Herndon, VA 20170 Anchorage, Alaska 99508 (703) 787-1662 1-800-478-2712 (Toll Free) (907) 271-6652 ABSTRACT An Interagency EIS Team was created to assist MMS in preparing this EIS. The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency are cooperating agencies. Participating agencies include the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service; State of Alaska, Pipeline Coordinator's Office; State of Alaska, Division of Governmental Coordination; and the North Slope Borough. BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. (BPXA) proposes to produce oil from the Liberty Prospect (OCS Lease Y- 01650) located approximately 5 miles offshore and 1.5 miles west of the abandoned Tern Exploration Island in Foggy Island Bay in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. BPXA's proposed action for the Liberty Prospect is to construct a self-contained offshore drilling operation (development) with processing (production) facilities located on a man-made artificial gravel island in 22 feet of water in Foggy Island Bay. BPXA proposes to construct a 12-inch common-carrier oil pipeline buried in an undersea trench (approximately 6.1 miles long) from offshore Liberty Island to an onshore landfall and then connected by an elevated onshore pipeline to a tie in with the existing onshore Badami oil pipeline (approximately 1.5 miles long). This infrastructure will, in turn, transport sales quality oil (hydrocarbons) to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Buried with this pipeline in the offshore portion of this project will be an external detection system capable of detecting the presence of leaking hydrocarbons, this is in addition to two internal monitoring systems the length of the project. BPXA determined that the Liberty Prospect contains approximately 120 million barrels of recoverable crude oil. Production facilities on Liberty Island would be designed to produce up to 65,000 barrels of crude oil per day and 120 million standard cubic feet of natural gas per day. There would be producing wells, gas-injection wells, water-injection wells, and either one or two Class I industrial waste-disposal wells. The life of the proposed Liberty Prospect development is anticipated to be approximately 15-20 years. This draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) covers the proposed Beaufort Sea Oil and Gas Development/Liberty Development and Production Plan. This document includes the purpose and background of the proposed action, alternatives, description of the affected environment, and the predicted environmental effects of the proposed action and the alternatives. The alternative analysis evaluates five sets of component alternatives (island location and pipeline route, pipeline design, upper slope protection system, gravel mine site, and pipeline burial depth) that focus on the different effects to modifying major project elements. The EIS also evaluate the range of alternatives that could be chosen by combining the different options from the component alternatives. In addition to the mitigation required by MMS in the lease and those built into the BPXA Proposal, two proposed mitigating measures and their potential effects are evaluated. The EIS also evaluates potential cumulative effects resulting from the BPXA Proposal and alternatives. TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents–1 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: LIBERTY DEVELOPMENT AND l. Archaeological Resources, ExSum-14 PRODUCTION PLAN, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT m. Economics, ExSum-15 n. Water Quality, ExSum-15 A. LIBERTY PROJECT, PLAN, AND o. Air Quality, ExSum-15 SCHEDULES, ExSum-1 2. Effects Summary for a Large Oil Spill, ExSum-16 1. Environmental Impact Statement Schedule, ExSum-1 a. Bowhead Whales, ExSum-16 2. The Need and Purpose for the Liberty Project, ExSum-2 b. Spectacled Eiders, ExSum-16 3. Description of the Plan, ExSum-2 c. Seals and Polar Bears, ExSum-17 4. Development Schedule, ExSum-2 d. Marine and Coastal Birds, ExSum-17 B. COLLABORATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES, ExSum-2 e. Terrestrial Mammals, ExSum-18 1. Interagency Team Meetings, ExSum-2 f. Lower Trophic-Level Organisms, ExSum-18 2. EIS Partnerships, ExSum-2 g. Fishes, ExSum-18 h. Essential Fish Habitat, ExSum-18 C. ISSUES, ExSum-3 i. Vegetation-Wetland Habitats, ExSum-19 1. Scoping, ExSum-3 j. Subsistence-Harvest Patterns, ExSum-19 2. Traditional Knowledge, ExSum-4 k. Sociocultural Systems, ExSum-19 3. Environmental Justice, Indian Trust Resources, and l. Archaeological Resources, ExSum-19 Government-to-Government Coordination, ExSum-4 m. Economics, ExSum-20 4. Major Issues, ExSum-5 n. Water Quality, ExSum-20 a. Disturbances, ExSum-5 o. Air Quality, ExSum-20 b. Large Offshore Oil Spills, ExSum-6 (1) Spill Assumptions and Sizes, ExSum-6 E. ALTERNATIVES AND MITIGATION, ExSum-20 (2) Oil-Spill-Trajectory Analysis, ExSum-6 1. Decision Options, ExSum-20 (3) The Chance of a Large Spill 2. Alternative II – No Action, ExSum-21 Occurring, ExSum-6 3. Component and Combination Alternatives and Their c. Cumulative Effects of Past, Present, and Future Effects, ExSum-21 Development, ExSum-7 a. Effects of Component Alternatives, ExSum-23 5. Other Issues, ExSum-8 (1) Effects of Alternative Drilling and Production a. Discharges (Water Discharges and Air Island Locations and Pipeline Emissions), ExSum-8 Routes, ExSum-23 b. Gravel Mining, ExSum-8 (a) Alternative I – Use Liberty Island c. Small Oil Spills from Liberty Facilities, ExSum-8 Location and Pipeline Route (Liberty d. Seawater Intake, ExSum-8 Development and Production e. Economic Effects, ExSum-9 Plan), ExSum-23 f. Abandonment of the Project, ExSum-9 (b) Alternative III.A – Use the Southern g. Global Climate Change and Alternative Energy Island Location and Eastern Pipeline Sources, ExSum-9 Route, ExSum-25 6. Alternatives to the Proposed Plan, ExSum-9 (c) Alternative III.B - Use the Tern Island 7. Significance Thresholds, ExSum-9 Location and Tern Pipeline Route, ExSum-26 D. EFFECTS SUMMARIES, ExSum-10 (2) Effects of Alternative Pipeline 1. Effects Summary from Construction and Routine Designs, ExSum-27 Operations from the BPXA Proposal, ExSum-11 (a) Alternative I – Use Single-Wall Pipe a. Bowhead Whales, ExSum-11 System (Liberty Development and b. Spectacled Eiders, ExSum-11 Production Plan), ExSum-28 c. Seals and Polar Bears, ExSum-12 (b) Alternative IV.A – Use Pipe-in-Pipe d. Marine and Coastal Birds, ExSum-12 System, ExSum-29 e. Terrestrial Mammals, ExSum-13 (c) Alternative IV.B – Use Pipe-in-HDPE f. Lower Trophic-Level Organisms, ExSum-13 System, ExSum-30 g. Fishes, ExSum-13 (d) Alternative IV.C – Use Flexible Pipe h.