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(Diptera: Bombyliidae), K Other Than the Anthrax Albofasciatus Group MORMAX MARSTON Revision of New World * Species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae), k Other than the Anthrax albofasciatus Group SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1970 NUMBER 43 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to ^oology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each publica- tion is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smith- sonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 43 Norman Marston Revision of New World Species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae), Other Than the Anthrax albofasciatus Group SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON I97O ABSTRACT Marston, Norman. Revision of New World Species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyli- idae) other than the Anthrax albofasciatus Group. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 43:1-148. 1970. A key is given to the species groups of Anthrax in North and South America. Four of the five groups are described and keys are given for included taxa. Each taxon is fully described, its synonymy is compiled, and its dis- tribution is illustrated or summarized. Important taxonomic characters are illustrated. Sixteen taxa comprise the oedipus group, including peruvianus, cordillerensis, and insulanus, new species; and irroratus striatipennis, oedipus aquilus, and pluto nigriven- tris, new subspecies. Twenty-nine taxa comprise the cephus group, including innubilipennis, inaquosum, nitidus, xanthomeros, hylaios, cathetodaithmos, snowi, costaricensis, koebelei, austrinus, clinopictus, and laticellus, new species; and argyropy- gus painteri, new subspecies. Nine species comprise the trimaculatus group, including baliopteros, latibasis, and caatingensis, new species. Five taxa comprise the tigrinus group, including xylocopae, new species, and simson habrosus, new subspecies. Evolution of the cephus and tigrinus groups is discussed. Contribution Nos. 897, 898, and 931, Department of Entomology, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1970 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.75 (paper cover) Norman Marston Revision of New World Species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) 3 Other Than the Anthrax albofasciatus Group Introduction Thanks are also due to Prof. R. Defretin of the The genus Anthrax is one of many poorly known taxa Musee d'Histoire Naturellc, Ville de Lille, for search- of Bombyliidae (Diptera) in the New World. Most ing for the type of Spogostylum mystaceum Macquart, of the species are based on inadequate descriptions, to Mr. Luis Pena of Santiago, Chile, for searching which resulted in misconceptions of the species and for the types of Philippi's species, to Dr. Karl-Johan in many synonyms. It often has been impossible to Hedqvist of the Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, determine identities of species except by studying the Sweden, for furnishing information on types of types (Painter and Painter, 1962). Additionally, Nemotelus tigrinus DeGeer, and especially to Dr. R. H. many undescribed species have confused later authors Painter for supplying notes on type specimens in attempting to determine identities of named species. European museums. The genus is separated into five species groups for I am grateful to the following institutions and indi- convenience in treatment. The albofasciatus group was viduals for lending material on which the major por- revised earlier (Marston, 1963), leaving the cephus, tion of this study was based (abbreviations used in the oedipus, trimaculatus, and tigrinus groups to be text follow the name of each institution or individual): treated here. A future study will deal with the known Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), pupae. A description and the synonymy of the genus American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Brit- were given in the previous paper, while the key to the ish Museum (Natural History) (BM), California species groups is given herein. Academy of Sciences (CAS), Canadian National Col- The author wishes to thank the many people who lection (CNC), Chicago Museum of Natural History have given advice and encouragement during the (CMNH), Cornell University (CNLL), Florida State course of this study. Particular thanks are due to the Plant Board (FSPB), Illinois Natural History Survey late Dr. Reginald H. Painter of Kansas State Univer- (INHS), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Museu de sity, whose enthusiasm and patient guidance were a la Plata (MLP), Museu de Historia Natural de San- continuous source of inspiration throughout the study. tiago (MHNS), Museum of Comparative Zoology In addition, much of the basic taxonomic work was (MCZ), Oregon State University (OSU), Riksmu- done with specimens in Dr. Painter's collection. Valu- seum of Stockholm (RIKS), Secretaria da Agricultura able assistance also was given by my wife, Barbara, do Sao Paulo (SASP), Staatliches Museum fur and by Dr. Carl W. Rettenmeyer of Kansas State Naturkunde of Stuttgart (STUT), United States Na- University. tional Museum (USNM), Universidad de Tucuman (TUC), Universidade do Parana (PAR), University Norman Marston, Biological Control of Insects Research of Arizona (ARIZ), University of California at Davis, Laboratory, USDA ARS ENT, P.O. Box A, Research Park, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Berkeley, and Riverside (UCAL), Snow Entomolog- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ical Museum at the University of Kansas (KANS), Anthrax Species Groups University of Michigan (MICH), University of Ne- The species groups segregated in this paper are poorly braska (NEBR), Washington State University denned and may be polyphyletic in some cases, or at (WSU), Messrs. Lawrence R. Ertle (ERTLE), Jack least with some different species complexes arising C. Hall (HALL), Karol Lenko (LENKO), R. H. from different Old World ancestors. No good diagnos- Painter (RHP), Luis Pefia (PENA), John Poorbaugh tic characters have been found to fit all species in a (JP), and Wolfgang K. Weyrauch (WEYRAUCH). given group and the limits of some of the groups are The author's collection is designated (NLM). open to question. The groups are used here only for In addition to support from the Kansas Agricultural convenience in separating the bulk of species in the Experiment Station, portions of this study were sup- genus into workable units and should not be construed ported by National Science Foundation Grant G-21291 as being equivalent to subgenera. A worldwide revision (Dr. Painter, principal investigator), a Fulbright Fel- of the genus would be required to ascertain the rela- lowship for study in Brazil, and National Science tionships between Old World and New World species, Foundation Cooperative Graduate Fellowships. and to learn the true identity and limits of the higher The maps were made on Goode Base Map series taxa for which some names have been proposed. The No. 2, published by the University of Chicago, which following key separates the groups of the genus present owns the copyright. in North and South America. Key to the Species Groups of the Genus Anthrax in North and South America 1. Pigmentation of wings solid, not broken into spots (Plate 2r); if wings nearly hyaline then setae on face extending almost to antenna (Plate lm) cephus group Wings with isolated or coalesced spots or with bands along veins; if mostly hyaline, then setae on face restricted to lower half and lateral margins (Plate In) 2 2(1). Cell 2Ma divided by a crossvein between m crossvein and vein Cui, wing veins margined with brown, discs of cells mostly hyaline (Plate 2p) tigrinus group Cell 2Ms not divided by a crossvein; wings without bands along veins 3 3(2). Medial angle of m crossvein with a short spur and usually with a distinct spot, vein R« with a sharp medial angle and short spur (except in A. cybele Coq.); numerous spots usually present besides those at bases of cells
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