La Wehrmacht a Encore Des Dents

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La Wehrmacht a Encore Des Dents Janvier 1943 1 – La guerre en Méditerranée La Wehrmacht a encore des dents 1 er janvier Requiescat in pace pour un guerrier Alger, 03h45 – Une nouvelle crise cardiaque emporte le général Delestraint. Sa mort est largement due à l’accumulation de l’épuisement et de la tension après les deux années et demie d’un travail acharné à reconstituer l’Arme Blindée de la France, dont il a pu personnellement voir les premiers fruits lors de la campagne de Sicile. Il sera nommé à titre posthume Compagnon de la Libération. La campagne d’Italie Front italien – La 14e DI Française laisse ses positions à la 46e DI britannique et vient renforcer le flanc est de la 3e DB. Le corps d’armée franco-américain commandé par le général Jean de Lattre comprend donc la 1ère Brigade Blindée belge (sur la côte), le groupe de combat réuni autour de la 102e Division motorisée italienne Trento, la 34e DI-US, la 3e DB française et la 14e DI française, appuyés par les 17e et 36e Régiments d’Artillerie US et la 12e Brigade d’Artillerie de Corps d’Armée française. Ce corps d’armée doit lancer une offensive le long de la côte, et la journée se passe en préparations destinées à débusquer et détruire les 88 mm allemands. À cet effet, des attaques localisées menées par des éléments blindés sont lancées sur toute la largeur du front, sous le couvert de l’artillerie qui cherche à engager les canons allemands dès que ces derniers se démasquent. L’artillerie de campagne allemande subit de lourdes pertes, elle est assez rapidement muselée. L’aviation tactique intervient également pour préparer le terrain, ce qui provoque des combats violents avec des éléments du Xe FK, qui, à peine reconstitué, a dû supporter tout le poids des combats aériens depuis huit jours et où les I/JG77 et II/JG77 ont dû être amalgamés. On ne note qu’une attaque de Jabos, menée par des appareils de la II/JG2 et qui se solde par trois appareils abattus par la DCA alliée. Le Xe CA britannique (Ritchie), qui occupe maintenant la position centrale, passe la journée à se réorganiser avant d’affronter la Das Reich et la brigade motorisée GrossDeutschland, renforcées par les hommes de la 162. ID. Quant au Ve CA (Allfrey), ses unités d’avant-garde engagent les 69. et 112. ID allemandes, renforcées dans la journée par deux bataillons indépendants de Panzers, détachés des écoles qui se trouvent dans le sud de l’Autriche. Reggio de Calabre (résidence du Roi et du gouvernement Badoglio) – Les informations transmises par le duc d’Acquarone sont reçues plutôt fraîchement par l’entourage du Roi. Il faut plus de trois heures au maréchal Badoglio et au général Ambrosio, accouru de Rome, pour expliquer à Sa Majesté que ces nouvelles ne sont pas aussi désastreuses qu’il semblerait et que les Alliés laissent une porte ouverte à l’Italie pour s’intégrer progressivement dans leur coalition. Le général Ambrosio en profite pour réclamer que le plus possible de forces italiennes puissent reprendre le combat au plus vite, puisque de leur comportement au combat dépendra le statut de l’Italie. Le point le plus critiqué par l’entourage du souverain est la clause de dé-fascisation des administrations, qui est vue comme une attaque masquée contre la monarchie. Quant aux militaires, ce sont plutôt les conditions du rééquipement italien qui les font grincer des dents. Il est cependant convenu que le général Ambrosio et un collaborateur du ministre des Finances se rendront à Alger dès le lendemain pour négocier le rachat du matériel italien capturé (ils ignorent que le matériel saisi en Afrique a en grande partie été expédié aux Chinois) et l’achat des chars que les Français semblent disposés à céder, car le rééquipement des troupes italiennes est une nécessité urgente. Le Roi et ses ministres font alors le point sur la situation des troupes italiennes dans les Balkans. Le sort le plus tragique semble avoir été réservé au XVIIe Corps d’Armée : les officiers de la 131e Division cuirassée Centauro et de la 14e DI Isonzo ont été massacrés. Une tentative de résistance du 7e Régiment de Cavalerie Lanciere di Milano a abouti au massacre de la totalité des officiers et de la plupart des hommes. Les hommes de la 1 ère Division Rapide Eugenio di Savoia ont eux aussi tenté de résister et beaucoup d’entre eux ont été exécutés ; en revanche, une partie de l’encadrement s’est ralliée aux Allemands. Les nouvelles sont meilleures à l’ouest du Péloponnèse : la 4e DI Alpine Cuneense et la 53e DI de Montagne Arezzo ont réussi à faire leur jonction avec les troupes alliées et peuvent être considérées en sécurité, même si les pertes en équipement ont été importantes. En revanche, la moitié seulement de la 18e DI Messina (qui se trouvait en retrait du front) a pu se sauver, le reste a été capturé. Le repli des troupes allemandes du Péloponnèse est, semble-t-il, en cours. Certaines des divisions d’occupation de la Yougoslavie et la plupart des troupes stationnées en Albanie semblent être en mesure de résister aux Allemands. D’autres se sont ralliées au nouveau gouvernement national-fasciste. Les autres ont été désarmées sans trop de mal par leurs anciens alliés. La plus grande confusion règne encore en bien des points. Le Conseil des ministres envisage alors quel soutien aérien peut être accordé, avec l’accord des Alliés, aux troupes qui résistent aux Allemands. Dans ce but, les éléments de la Regia Aeronautica qui ont pu échapper à la destruction ou à la capture sont en voie de concentration sur les aéroports de Cosenza, Monserrato et Tarente. L’ordre est donné d’effacer toutes les marques fascistes des appareils, qui devront désormais adopter les couleurs nationales et la Croix de Savoie. Enfin, pour soutenir les troupes d’Albanie, le Conseil décide de demander aux Alliés d’autoriser certains des navires de la Regia Marina à reprendre les opérations en Adriatique. ……… Alors que le Conseil s’achève, une bonne nouvelle vient mettre un peu de baume au cœur des participants (ou au moins de certains d’entre eux) : la princesse Marie-José et ses trois enfants sont arrivés à Reggio. La libération de la Corse Corse – Des avions de transports français font la navette entre Alger et Ajaccio pour conduire en Corse des hommes et du matériel (dont un radar). On comptera ainsi 67 rotations de DC-3, 5 de C-60 (Lodestar), 4 de DC-2 et 14 de LeO-451. Pendant que ces renforts arrivent, les Mustang II du groupe II/7 se desserrent sur Calvi-Sainte Catherine, et les avions du I/7 montent des vols de reconnaissance armée sur la côte toscane. Les B-25 de la 31e EB montent des missions de surveillance sur l’île d’Elbe. Dans l’après- midi enfin, ce sont 5 Hudson III de l’escadrille E5 qui se posent à leur tour à Ajaccio pour organiser des vols de patrouille anti-sous-marine sur le trajet Alger-Ajaccio. La campagne des Balkans Dalmatie – La plupart des trois mille déportés juifs de l’île de Rab, libérés quelques jours plus tôt par les Partisans titistes, ont pu être évacués vers le continent à bord de barques de pêche et de petits caboteurs réquisitionnés, ébauche d’une marine des Partisans. Trop affaiblis, 204 déportés resteront sur place. Aucun ne survivra. Parmi ceux qui ont pu rejoindre le continent, trois cents, les moins épuisés, ont rejoint les rangs des Partisans, mais que faire des autres ? L’officier de liaison français, le capitaine Malec (dans le civil, le Père Natlacen) envoie à Alger un message demandant des moyens exceptionnels pour les mettre hors de portée des Allemands et de leurs auxiliaires oustachis, tout aussi partisans de la « solution finale du problème juif ». Paramythia (Epire) – Le général Umberto Ricagno, chef de la 3e Division Alpine Julia, est furieux. Il a quitté précipitamment sa garnison d’Igoumenitsa pour se porter au secours des Chams (Albanais d’Epire) prétendument menacés de massacre par les Grecs, et il se rend compte que cette menace a été inventée de toutes pièces par deux chefs de milice locale, les frères Nuri et Mazar Dino, désireux d’obtenir des armes et du ravitaillement. « Je devrais vous faire fusiller, mais les Grecs s’en chargeront ! » lance-t-il aux deux frères. Pour ne rien arranger, la neige se met à tomber et son unique poste de radio est en panne : il n’arrive à joindre ni Igoumenitsa, ni l’état-major du XXVIe Corps d’Armée à Ioaninna. Salonique – Le général d’aviation Löhr, commandant en chef du secteur Sud-est, prépare sa reconquête des Balkans. Sur sa carte s’étalent de vastes territoires insoumis : en Bosnie, au Monténégro, en Grèce centrale… Le plus gênant est l’Albanie avec Tirana : après la perte de Rome, il n’est pas acceptable qu’une autre capitale européenne, même d’un petit pays obscur, échappe à la domination du Reich. La 173. Jäger-Division du lieutenant-général Heinrich von Behr est à Graz (Autriche), prête à partir pour l’Albanie dès que possible. Le 329e Rgt d’Infanterie, formé de transfuges musulmans de l’armée soviétique, la rejoindra dès qu’il aura enlevé le château de Trujak, en Slovénie 1. Pour transporter ces deux unités, Behr hésite encore entre la voie terrestre, pleine de dangers, et la voie maritime, qui ne vaut pas mieux. La campagne de Grèce Opération Tent Samothrace – L’aimable major-général Frederick Browning, qui avait commandé les troupes aéroportées britanniques en Sicile, a été victime de son succès : le général Clark l’a appelé auprès de lui comme chef d’état-major des forces aéroportées alliées.
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