324 AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 325

The Thysanoptera fauna of Brazil

Renata Chiarini Monteiro E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: A brief overview of the Thysanoptera of Brazil is given, with an account of the recorded and available information on their habitat, distribution and pest status.

Introduction schottii (Heeger, 1852) (Phaeothripidae, About 520 Thysanoptera species, in 139 genera ). Very few species of the and six families are known from Brazil. About one- Brazilian fauna were described up to 1930, third of these species are grouped in the suborder and most of the work was done by European Terebrantia and two-thirds in the Tubulifera, and researchers (E. Bergroth, K. Schmutz, R. S. these total about 10% of the known world fauna. Bagnall, H. Priesner, O John and A.C. Morgan). Of these species 370 were described originally A significant contribution to our knowledge from Brazil (Table 1). Changes in classification of of the thrips fauna from Brazil was from North Thysanoptera, as well as species misidentifications American entomologists during 1930 to 1960 and synonymies are also considered. (J.C Crawford, D. Moulton and J.D. Hood). Hood and Moulton described approximately 77% and History of taxonomic studies 12 % of the known species, respectively, this Most taxonomic studies on Thysanoptera comprising almost 90 % of the known valid species in Brazil were carried out by entomologists described originally from Brazil. Although Hood from abroad. Their studies emphasized leaf- did most of the work, he did not publish keys litter species, and descriptions of species from for the identification of the species nor provide Brazil lacked or had little biological data, information on their biology. Moulton included providing little or no information at all on some biological information with his descriptions the habitat and/or geographical distribution. and records, and presented some keys. But the The first species described from Brazil character states that he used to distinguish species was Thrips schottii, now are now outdated (Mound & Marullo, 1996).

Suborder Family Subfamily Species Species (total) (described from Brazil) Terebrantia Uzelothripidae 1 1 1 2 9 4 3 8 6 4 16 16 10 17 1+1* Sericothripinae 2 16 12 Dendrothripinae 2 5 3 32 103 45+2* Tubulifera Idolothripinae 17 64 51 66 283 230+1* TOTAL 139 522 370+4*

* = new species being described.

Table1. Number of valid genera and species of Thysanoptera recorded from Brazil. 326 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 327

Also during this period (1924 to 1956), São Paulo. Studies focused on the recognition and Gregório de Bondar and Ângelo Moreira da determination of species particularly associated Costa Lima were the first Brazilian entomologists with cultivated , and on the organization to dedicate part of their studies to thrips, and of our first collection. However, since there between them described 12 species. However, was no reference collection from which to neither worker was exclusively dedicated to start, and there was no active thysanopterist Thysanoptera and only four of the species in Brazil, the research leader (R.A. Zucchi they described are now considered valid. – ESALQ/USP) invited L.A. Mound to join After 1960, a new and diverse group of his group and help to train new students in this entomologists was formed. This group included L. field. This collaboration has been fruitful, and De Santis and Galego de Sureda from Argentina, has led to new researchers on thrips and the R. zur Strassen from Germany, L. A. Mound establishment of a small reference collection at and J. M. Palmer from England, K. Sakimura, the Department of Entomology, ESALQ/USP. K. O’Neill, C.F. Gerdes and S. Nakahara from Besides L.A. Mound, S. Nakahara, United States, and S. Okajima from Japan. De R. zur Strassen and R.M. Johansen have Santis was the most prominent South American been constantly supporting us to achieve entomologist to work on thrips . He a better understanding of our fauna. described eight species, five of them still valid, and assisted students with identifications, such as the major pest on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Brazilian Thysanoptera fauna in Brazil, Enneothrips flavens Moulton. Despite the considerable number of species, Until recently, almost one and a half century our fauna is largely unknown not only in regard after the first description, Brazilian institutions had to the entities still to be collected or described, no organized Thysanoptera reference collection. but also to those already named. No extensive The species described and recorded were collecting has been done in Brazil (Tables 2 and deposited in foreign countries, Hood’s collection 3). Most of these species are known only from at the United States Natural History Museum the specimens on which they were described. (USNH) in Washington D.C., Maryland, and It is not uncommon to find field collecting data Moulton’s collection at the California Academy of these species either incomplete or inaccurate, of Science (CAS) in San Francisco, California. if not absent. The diversity recorded so far is Studies on taxonomy of these were re- undoubtedly not representative of the Brazilian initiated by the middle of the 1990’s at the Escola thrips fauna, because of the lack of sampling Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, in extensive areas of our country, the diversity University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, State of of our flora and vegetational ecosystems.

Brazilian Terebrantia Tubulifera Regions Number of localities or Number of localities or counties counties Total Known (Distinct) Total Known (Distinct) North 15 11 (5) 77 61 (7) Northeast 36 17 (13) 13 1 (1) Center-West 26 22 (16) 6 4 (2) Southeast 266 204 (68) 287 250 (36) South 102 80 (32) 144 129 (16) 343 331 (134) 522 445 (62)

Table 2. Thysanoptera recorded from different regions of Brazil. 326 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 327

BRAZIL TEREBRANTIA TUBULIFERA Number of localities or Number of localities or counties counties Region State Known Unknown Known Unknown (Distinct) (Distinct) Acre 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 Amazonas 2 (1) 0 12 (4) 3 Rondônia 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 NORTH Roraima 2 (2) 0 0 (0) 0 Amapá 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 Pará 7 (2) 4 49 (3) 8 Tocantins 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 11 (5) 4 61 (7) 11 Maranhão 1 (1) 0 0 (0) 0 Piauí 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 Ceará 0 (0) 1 0 (0) 1 Rio Grande do Norte 1 (1) 0 0 (0) 0 NORTHEAST Paraíba 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 Pernambuco 8 (4) 0 1 (1) 1 Alagoas 1 (1) 0 0 (0) 0 Sergipe 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 Bahia 6 (6) 18 0 (0) 10 17 (13) 19 1 (1) 12 Goiás 8(5) 0 1 (1) 0 CENTER- Mato Grosso 0 (0) 0 0 (0) 0 WEST Mato Grosso do Sul 10 (10) 4 3 (1) 2 Distrito Federal 2 (1) 0 0 (0) 0 22 (16) 4 4 (2) 2 Espírito Santo 23 (2) 1 4 (2) 6 Rio de Janeiro 20 (8) 18 102 (10) 10 SOUTHEAST Minas Gerais 14 (10) 24 7 (3) 11 São Paulo 147 (48) 19 137 (21) 10 204 (68) 62 250 (36) 37 Paraná 31 (22) 5 10 (5) 6 SOUTH Santa Catarina 43 (5) 2 113 (5) 4 Rio Grande do Sul 6 (5) 15 6 (6) 5 80 (32) 22 129 (16) 15 331 (134) 112 445 (62) 77

Table 3. Thysanoptera records from different regions and States in Brazil.

The geographical records of species where these crops are grown. Some of the described originally from Brazil are usually early records in the Brazilian literature are not associated with places visited by those reliable because they lack any taxonomic basis, taxonomists working on this group, or to species being named after the particular crop on localities where they had established contact with which they were found using the international collectors or Brazilian institutions. For example, literature on pests (Monteiro et al., 1998). about 25% of the records of Tubulifera and 10% Thysanoptera as pest of crops in Brazil of the Terebrantia are from Nova Teutônia (Santa About 24 species are considered to damage Catarina State), hometown of Fritz Plaumann, cultivated plants in Brazil, and 22 out of them the most active collector in our country. are Terebrantia. However, not all of these Because the emphasis in Brazil has been are considered to cause significant economic given to agriculture, records of thrips are more losses to agriculture as a whole (Table 4) extensive for species that are associated with (Monteiro et al., 1995, 1998, 1999a,b, 2001a,b, or are pests of crops, and to localities or areas Monteiro, 2001, Nakahara & Monteiro, 1999). 328 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 329 owers and owers), soybean (leaves) and mango

spp. (leaves) PLANTS orchid (flowers) banana (fruits) kidney bean (leaves), cucumber soybean (leaves) citrus (fruits) cassava (leaves) soybean (leaves) groundnut (leaves) banana (fruits) and fruits), citrus nectarine (young flowers carnation (flowers), chrysanthemum (flowers and alstroemeria (flowers), african violet (flowers), leaves), rose (flowers), solidaster, sunfl ower, peach (fruits and sweet pepper (flowers and fruits), melon cotton (fl owers and leaves), eggplant (leaves), lettuce melon flowers), watermelon (leaves) (leaves), rose (flowers), tobacco tomato (leaves and maize (leaves) zucchini squash (leaves and flowers) Ficus and leaves), citrus (leaves), vine rubber tree (leaves) macadamia (flowers guaraná (flowers, leaves and shoots) marigold (leaves and flowers) eucalyptus (leaves), vine (leaves) cassava (leaves) cacao (leaves), eucaliptus sugarcane (leaves), sweet pepper (leaves) and leaves), cucumber (leaves), eggplant (fruits potato chrysanthemum (flowers and leaves), catjang bean fruits and leaves), tomato (flowers (leaves), sweet pepper (flowers, (leaves), watermelon melon (flowers and leaves) onion (leaves), garlic asparagus welsh soybean (fl leaves) (Kudô, 1995) (Bouché, 1833) (Moulton, 1907) (Bondar, 1931) (Giard, 1901) (Pergande, 1895) Williams, 1913 (Deventer, 1906) Hood, 1937 (Marchal, 1908) Hood, 1915 (Trybom, 1910) Nakahara & Monteiro, (Hood, 1956) (Bondar, 1924) (Hood, 1912) John, 1927 Moulton, 1941 Mayet, 1890 (Morison, 1930) zur Strassen, 1977 sp. Lindeman, 1888 Karny, 1925 THYSANOPTERA SPECIES Aurantothrips orchidearum Bradinothrips musae Caliothrips phaseoli Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Corynothrips stenopterus Echinothrips Enneothrips flavens Frankliniella brevicaulis Frankliniella condei Frankliniella occidentalis Frankliniella schultzei Frankliniella williamsi Frankliniella zucchini 1999 ficorum Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis adisi Neohydatothrips samayunkur Retithrips syriacus Scirtothrips manihot Selenothrips rubrocinctus Stenchaetothrips minutus Thrips palmi Thrips simplex Thrips tabaci Table 4. Thysanoptera species and records in Brazil. 328 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 329

Thysanoptera as vectors of tospovirus in & Monteiro, 1999), was found damaging Brazil Cucurbitaceae, particularly zucchini squash. About half of the known vector species of Preliminary tests indicated that F. zucchini is Tospoviruses are recorded in Brazil: Frankliniella a vector of ZLCV (zucchini lethal chlorosis occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella virus) (Rezende et al., 1997), a new Tospovirus zucchini, Thrips tabaci and Thrips palmi (Monteiro described from Brazil (Bezerra et al., 1999). et al., 2000) (Table 5). Although another vector species, Frankliniella fusca, was also recorded on Habitats - “finding-places” groundnut in Brazil (Almeida & Arruda, 1962), it Although thrips can be found in a wide range of was not included because of the lack of taxonomic habitats, from living plants and dead branches support or reference to voucher specimens in this or twigs to leaf litter and lichens, these habitats study. Besides the transmission of the virus do not always represent a true host in which (indirect damage), all five species cause damage thrips feed, lay their eggs and develop (Mound by feeding (direct damage). Diseases caused & Teulon, 1995). Thus, plants on which thrips by Tospoviruses are severe and responsible for are found are sometimes better referred to as significant crop losses. Up to date, six Tospovirus the “finding place”, because recognition of a species (TSWV, TCSV, GRSV, IYSV, CSNV particular plant as a host is not always possible. and ZLCV) have been identified in Brazil, Thrips have been found in Brazil on representing half of the genus diversity (Costa & approximately 287 species of plants in 218 genera Foster, 1941; De Ávila et al., 1990, Pozzer et al., and 84 families. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms 1999, Resende et al., 1997, Rezende et al., 1997, are represented by only one species, and there is Bezerra et al., 1999). Only the larvae, in which at least one plant species in each one of the other virus replication occurs, can acquire the virus, plant divisions. In Angiosperms, thrips have been which will be later transmitted by second instar taken from about 66 species and 50 genera in 14 larvae and/or adults. Thus, identification of these families of Monocotyledoneae, and 218 species species both during the adult and larval stages is and 165 genera in 67 families of Dicotyledoneae essential for the establishment of host range and (Table 6). Among the , Poaceae, geographical distribution, effective quarantine, Orchidaceae, Arecaceae and Liliaceae are the studies on the virus-vector-host interactions, and families with the largest number of species effective management of the vector and/or disease. Some information on plant-thrips associations in which thrips have been recorded, while in has been established in Brazil (Table 5). dicotyledons more species are found in Asteraceae, Frankliniella schultzei and Thrips tabaci Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, have been recorded in Brazil for a long time. F. Cucurbitaceae and Rosaceae (Table 7). schultzei was mainly recorded damaging tomato Uzelothripidae and Merothripidae and tobacco, while T. tabaci was related to species are found associated with dead onion and garlic crops. However, both species branches, although no information is are now recorded attacking a variety of plants available for half of the Merothrips species. (Table 5). Until recently, T. tabaci was recorded Habitats for some genera in as the main thrips pest of cotton in Brazil, but Aeolothripidae are Monocotyledoneae a survey has shown F. schultzei as the species (Stomatothrips spp.), Dicotyledoneae damaging this crop instead (Monteiro et al., ( spp.) or both (Erithrothrips 1998). Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips spp.). Franklinothrips vespiformis was also palmi were recorded in the 1990’s, and since then reported preying on Selenothrips rubrocinctus. they have been causing severe damage to many Heterothripidae were usually found in crops (Monteiro et al., 1995, 2001a,b, Monteiro, dicotyledons. Two species of Heterothrips were 2001). F. occidentalis infests ornamentals and found in habitats with ants; H. semiflavus was peach, whilst T. palmi causes damage to eggplant, collected in nests of Camponotus rufipis, and sweet pepper, potato, watermelon, and melon. F. H. peixotoa was recorded coexisting with ants zucchini, a species recently described (Nakahara in Peixotoa tomentosa (Del Claro et al., 1997). 330 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 331 * * * * T. tabaci * * * T. palmi * * * * F. zucchini F. SPECIES * * F. schultzei F. ? * * * F. occidentalis F. tropical white weed white tropical hairy beggarsticks chrysanthemum lilac tasselflower gerbera sunflower lettuce cabbage wild radish radish charlock mustard carnation morning glory watermelon melon cucumber zucchini squash pumpkin pillpod sandmat Common name onion green onion garlic alstroemeria asparagus bur grass guinea grass sp. sp. PLANT sp. Ageratum conizoides Bidens pilosa morifolium Chrysanthemum Emilia sonchifolia Gerbera Helianthus annuus Lactuca sativa Brassica oleraceae Raphanus raphanistrum Raphanus sativus Sinapsis arvensis Dianthes caryophyllus Ipomoea grandifolia Citrulus lanatus Cucumis melo Cucumis sativus Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita Chamaesyce hyssopifolia Species Allium cepa Allium fistulosum Allim sativum Alstroemeria Asparagus officinalis Cenchrus echinatus Panicum maximum

Asteraceae Brassicaceae Caryophyllaceae Convolvulaceae Cucurbitaceae Euphorbiaceae Family Liliaceae Poaceae

Dicotyledoneae Monocotyledoneae Table 5. Tospovirus vectors and associated plants in Brazil 330 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 331 ? T. tabaci T. ? * * * * * T. palmi T. ? F. zucchini F. * * * * F. schultzei F. ? ? ? * * * * * F. occidentalis F. Common name groundnut shakeshake Florida beggarweed Florida soybean pea alfalfa kidney bean catjang bean African violet cotton prickly sida eggplant black nightshade potato grape tabacco purslane peach nectarina rose var. sp. sp. sp. Species Arachis hypogaea Crotalaria incana Desmodium tortuosum Glycine max Lathyrus Medicago sativa Phaseolus vulgaris Vigna unguiculata Saintpaulia ionantha Gossypium hirsutum Sida spinosa Solanum americanum Solanum gilo Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum tuberosum Wissadula subpeltata Vitis Nicandra physallodes Nicotiana tabacum Portulaca oleraceae Prunus persica Prunus persica nucipersica Lycopersicon esculentum Rosa Capsicum annuum

Family Fabaceae Gesneriaceae Malvaceae Vitaceae Portulacaceae Rosaceae Solanaceae Dicotyledoneae (cont.) Dicotyledoneae * = true-host ? = record with no taxonomic support Table 5. (cont.) Tospovirus vectors and associated plants in Brazil 332 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 333

Divisions Number of plant Families Genera Species Bryophytes 1 1 1 Pteridophytes 1 1 1 Gymnosperms 1 1 1 Angiosperms – Monocotyledoneae 14 50 66 Angiosperms – Dycotyledoneae 67 165 218 TOTAL 84 218 287

Table 6. Plants associated with Thysanoptera in Brazil.

FAMILIES SPECIES

MONOCOTYLEDONEAE Poaceae 16 Orquidaceae 15 Arecaceae 8 Liliaceae 6 Agavaceae 4 Musaceae, Araceae, Bromeliaceae 3 Commelinaceae, Heliconiaceae 2 Aloeaceae, Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Iridaceae 1

DICOTYLEDONEAE Asteraceae 31 Fabaceae 24 Solanaceae 18 Myrtaceae 15 Euphorbiaceae 13 Cucurbitaceae, Rosaceae 6 Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae 5 Anacardiaceae, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae, Moraceae 4 Amaranthaceae, Compositae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Sterculiaceae, 3 Verbenaceae Apiaceae, Bixaceae, Combretaceae, Malpighiaceae, Meliaceae, 2 Melostomataceae, Piperaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae Alistamataceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Araliaceae, ?Asclepiadaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Buddlejaceae, Cactaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caricaceae, Caryocariaceae, Caryophilaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Clusiaceae, Droseraceae, Ebemaceae, Ericaceae, 1 Flacourtiaceae, Gesneriaceae,Hydrangeaceae, Lauraceae, Lecythidaceae, Lythraceae, Myricaceae, Oxalidaceae, Passifloraceae, Pedaliaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Proteaceae, Punicaceae, ?Ranunculaceae, Theaceae, ?Urticaceae, Vitaceae

Table 7. Number of plant species within Monocotyledoneae and Dicotyledoneae associated with thrips in Brazil. 332 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 333

Thripidae-Panchaetothripinae genera were described based in a single or few specimens; commonly associated with dicotyledon leaves, the records for three species (F. fusca, F. minuta, although Oneilliella and Arachisothrips were F. tritici) are doubtful, and two species still need found in litter and Caliothrips cinctipennis, confirmation (F. australis, F. setipes). The other Caliothrips insularis, and Dinurothrips vezenyii species are mostly associated with dicotyledons on leaves. Dinurothrips hookeri (F. bertelsi, F. brunnea, F. desantisi, F. difficilis, was mainly associated with dicotyledons, F. distinguenda, F. fulvipes, F. gardenia, F. except for the record on Orchidaceae leaves. gemina, F. hemerocallis, F. rodeos, F. speciosa, Heliothrips zucchi and Hoodothrips constrictus F. varipes and F. zucchini) or both mono and were reported in dead branches; curiously, the dicocotyledons (F. brevicaulis, F. condei, F. genera they belong to were the only ones found insularis, F. occidentalis, F. oxyura, F. schultzei, in flowers. Retithrips and Selenothrips were F. simplex and F. williamsi). F. annulipes, F. particularly reported feeding on mature leaves. bondari, F. peruviana and F. trinidadensis were In Thripidae-Dendrothripinae, Leucothrips found in monocotyledons. Thrips australis and pictus was found in an unknown plant and T. simplex were associated with Myrtaceae and Leucothrips nigripennis was recorded in “wild Iridaceae (monocotyledons). T. tabaci was usually flowers”, although it is a pest of ferns elsewhere associated with Liliaceae, but also Fabaceae, (Mound, 1999). Species of Leucothrips were Asteraceae and Brassicaceae, while T. palmi was recorded recently in Phaseolus vulgaris recorded in various dicotyledons (Solanaceae, (Fabaceae). Pseudodendrothrips fulvus and Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae). Pseudodendrothrips stuardoi were found Phlaeothripidae-Idolothripinae was abundant in dicotyledons, and Pseudodendrothrips on dead branches and leaf litter (Accallurothips, alboniger in monocotyledons. Actinothrips, , Anactinothrips, Thripidae-Sericothripinae were Cyphothrips, Diplacothrips, Ethirothrips, found predominantly in dicotyledons, with Neosmerinthothrips, Phacothrips, Zactinothrips), Hydatothrips tricinctus and Neohydatothrips grasses (), or both (Diceratothrips, signifer also been recorded in monocotyledons. Pygothrips, Saurothrips, Zeugmatothrips). Species A species of Neohydatothrips has been found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max (Fabaceae). of Elaphrothrips and Gastrothrips were collected In Thripidae-Thripinae, there is a wide on open seed capsules of Sesbania sp. (Fabaceae). range of variation. Some genera as Arorathrips, Phlaeothripidae-Phlaeothripinae was mostly Aurantothrips, Bradinothrips, Bregmatothrips, found in dead branches and leaf-litter as well. Chirothrips, Plesiothrips, Stenchaetothrips Cartomothrips browni was found in open seed and Trichromothrips were found mainly in capsules of Eucalyptus sp., and Holopothrips monocotyledons. Others, as Aneristothrips, conducans was in plant galls. Gynaikothrips, Ceratothripoides, Chaetanaphothrips, , , Liothrips, Chaetisothrips, Charassothrips, Coremothrips, Pseudophilothrips and Trybomia were collected Corynothrips, Dendrothripoides, Echinothrips, in leaves, with some species causing rolling, Enneothrips and Microcephalothrips were found distortion and galls. Liothrips adisi damaged usually in dicotyledons. Scolothrips sexmaculatus young leaf and flower tissues of Paullinia was associated with dicotyledons, preying on cupana. Epomisothrips araucariae was found in mites. Within Frankliniella and Thrips, there leaves and branches of Araucaria brasiliensis. is a huge variation in habitat range. Usually, species that pose a threat to plants are found Acknowledgements in many families within Monocotyledonea and I thank Dr. R. zur Strassen for his invitation Dicotyledoneae. About 40 species of Frankliniella to attend this meeting, Dr. R. Marullo have been recorded in Brazil, 18 of them described for her support and Dr. L.A. Mound for originally from Brazil. Eight species were his critical review of the manuscript. 334 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 335

References Monteiro RC, Zawadneak MAC and Mound LA. Almeida PR. de and de Arruda HV. 1962. Controle 1999. Neohydatothrips samayunkur do tripes causador do prateamento das (Kudô) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) folhas de amendoinzeiro, por meio de infesting marigold (Tagetes patula, inseticidas. Bragantia 21(39), 679-687. Compositae) in Brazil. Anais da Sociedade Bezerra IC, Resende R de O, Pozzer L, Nagata T, Entomológica do Brasil 28(2), 323-326. Kormelink R and De Ávila AC. 1999. Monteiro RC, Mound LA and Zucchi RA. 2001a. Espécies de Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Increase of Tospoviral diversity in Brazil no Brasil. Neotropical Entomology 1, 61-63. with the identification of two new Tospovirus Monteiro RC, Mound LA and Zucchi RA. 2001b. species, one from chrysanthemum and one Espécies de Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: from zucchini. Virology 89(9), 823-830. Thripidae) de importância agrícola no Costa AS and Foster R. 1941. Identidade do vírus de Brasil. Neotropical Entomology 1, 65-71. vira-cabeça e sua inclusão no grupo do vírus Mound LA. 1999. Saltatorial leaf-feeding Thysanoptera de “spotted wilt”. Bragantia 1, 491-516. (Thripidae: Dendrothripinae) from Australia De Ávila AC, Huguenot C, Resende R de O, Kitajima and New Caledonia, with newly recorded EW, Goldback RW and Peters D. 1990. pests of ferns, figs and mulberries.Australian Serological differentiation of 20 isolates Journal of Entomology 38, 257-273. of tomato spotted wilt virus. Journal Mound LA and Teulon DAJ. 1995. Thysanoptera of General Virology 71, 2801-2807. as phytophagous opportunists, p. 3-19. In: Del-Claro K, Marullo R and Mound LA. 1997. A B.L. Parker, M. Skinner and T. Lewis (eds.) new Brazilian species of Heterothrips Thrips Biology and Management.636p. (Insecta: Thysanoptera) co-existing Mound LA and Marullo R. 1996. The thrips of with ants in the flowers of Peixotoa Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on tomentosa (Malpighiaceae). Journal Entomology International 6, 1-487. of Natural History 31, 1307-1312. Nakahara S and Monteiro RC. 1999. Frankliniella Jacot-Guillarmod CF. 1970-1979. Catalogue of zucchini (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a the Thysanoptera of the world (parts1- new species and vector of tospovirus in 4, Terebrantia; parts 5-6, Tubulifera). Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Annals of the Cape Provincial Society of Washington 101(2), 290-294. Museums (Natural History) 7, 1-1724. Pozzer L, Bezerra IC, Kormelink R, Prins M, Jacot-Guillarmod CF and Brothers DJ. 1986. Peters D, Resende R de O, de Ávila AC. Catalogue of the Thysanoptera of the world 1999. Characterization of a Tospovirus (part 7). Annals of the Cape Provincial isolate of Yellow Spot Virus Museums (Natural History) 17(1), 1-94. associated with a disease in onion fields Monteiro RC. 1995. Record of Thrips palmi Karny, in Brazil. Plant Disease, 83, 345-350. 1925 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in the Resende R de O, Pozzer L, Nagata T, Bezerra IC, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Revista de Lima MI, Giordano LB, Kitajima EW and Agricultura, Piracicaba 70(1), 53-55. De Ávila AC. 1997. New tospoviruses found Monteiro RC. 2001. Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: in Brazil. Acta Horticulturae 431, 78-79. Rezende JAM, Galleti SR, Pozzer L, Resende R Thripidae), p. 72-80. In: E.F. Vilella, R.A. de O, De Ávila AC and Scagluisi SMM. Zucchi & F. Cantor (eds.) Histórico e impacto 1997. Incidence, biological and serological das pragas introduzidas no Brasil. 173p. characteristics of a tospovirus in experimental Monteiro RC, Zucchi RA and Mound LA. 1998. Thrips fields of zucchini in São Paulo State, Brazil. tabaci Lind.: é realmente uma praga do Fitopatologia Brasileira 22(1), 92-95. algodoeiro no Brasil? Anais da Sociedade Silva AGA, Gonçalves CR, Galvão DM, Gonçalves Entomológica do Brasil 27(3), 489-494. AJL, Gomes J, Silva NN and Simoni Monteiro RC, Mound LA and Zucchi RA. 1999a. L. 1968. Ordem Thysanoptera. In: Thrips (Thysanoptera) as pests of plant Quarto catálogo de insetos que vivem production in Brazil. Revista Brasileira nas plantas do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, de Entomologia 43(3/4), 163-171. Ministério da Agricultura, t.1, p. 18-33. 334 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 335

Checklist of the Thysanoptera fauna of Brazil Heterothrips semiflavus De Santis, 1972 Heterothrips spinosus Moulton, 1932 This list is based on scattered information Heterothrips striatus Moulton, 1932 found in the international and national literature, Heterothrips varitibia Moulton, 1932 including descriptions and records, compilations Lenkothrips sensitivus (De Santis & Sureda, of species (Silva et al., 1968), world fauna 1970) catalogues (Jacot-Guillarmod, 1970-1979, Jacot- Scutothrips nudus (Moulton, 1932) Guillarmod & Brothers, 1986) and information on species from Central and South America THRIPIDAE – PANCHAETOTHRIPINAE. (Mound & Marullo, 1996), together with new data Arachisothrips millsi Stannard, 1952 from recent observations. Some European and Brachyurothrips anomalus Bagnall, 1921 African Haplothrips species listed by Moulton Caliothrips cinctipennis (Hood, 1912) (1933) are not included as they are considered Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande, 1895) misidentifications (Mound & Zapater, in press). Caliothrips insularis (Hood, 1927) Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912) UZELOTHRIPIDAE. Dinurothrips hookeri Hood, 1913 Uzelothrips scabrosus Hood, 1952 Dinurothrips vezenyii Bagnall, 1919 Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché, 1833) MEROTHRIPIDAE. Heliothrips zucchi Mound & Monteiro, 1997 Damerothrips gemmatus Hood, 1954 Hercinothrips bicinctus (Bagnall, 1919) Merothrips brevisetis Hood, 1954 Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter, 1891) Merothrips brunneus Ward, 1969 Hoodothrips constrictus (Hood, 1925) Merothrips floridensisWatson, 1927 Hoodothrips lineatus (Hood, 1927) Merothrips fusciceps Hood & Williams, 1915 Oneilliella n. sp. Merothrips mirus Crawford, 1942 Retithrips syriacus (Mayet, 1890) Merothrips morgani Hood, 1912 Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901) Merothrips tympanis Hood, 1954 Merothrips williamsi Priesner, 1921 THRIPIDAE – SERICOTHRIPINAE. Hydatothrips tricinctus (Hood, 1927) AEOLOTHRIPIDAE. Neohydatothrips daedalus (Hood, 1954) Erythrothrips brasiliensis Hood, 1952 Neohydatothrips fasciatus (Moulton, 1938) Erythrothrips loripes Hood, 1957 Neohydatothrips fimbriatus (Hood, 1954) Franklinothrips fulgidus Hood, 1949 Neohydatothrips flavens (Moulton, 1941) Franklinothrips lineatus Hood, 1949 Neohydatothrips flavicollis (Hood, 1954) Franklinothrips tenuicornis Hood, 1915 Neohydatothrips hemileucus (Hood, 1952) Franklinothrips vespiformis (Crawford, 1909) Neohydatothrips luculentus (Moulton, 1938) Stomatothrips angustipennis Hood, 1949 Neohydatothrips maculicollis (Hood, 1954) Stomatothrips rotundus Hood, 1949 Neohydatothrips paraensis (Hood, 1954) Neohydatothrips portoricensis (Morgan, 1925) HETEROTHRIPIDAE. Neohydatothrips ruginosus (Hood, 1954) Aulacothrips dictyotus Hood, 1952 Neohydatothrips samayunkur (Kudô, 1995) Heterothrips angusticeps Hood, 1954 Neohydatothrips sidae (Crawford, 1944) Heterothrips bicolor Hood, 1954 Neohydatothrips signifer (Priesner, 1932) Heterothrips brasiliensis Moulton, 1932 Neohydatothrips varius (Moulton, 1941) Heterothrips condei Moulton, 1932 Heterothrips decoratus Hood, 1954 THRIPIDAE – DENDROTHRIPINAE. Heterothrips flavidus Hood, 1954 Leucothrips pictus Hood, 1952 Heterothrips flavitibia Moulton, 1932 Leucothrips nigripennis Reuter, 1904 Heterothrips marginatus Hood, 1954 Pseudodendrothrips alboniger Hood, 1952 Heterothrips peixotoa Del-Claro, Marullo & Pseudodendrothrips fulvus Hood, 1952 Mound, 1997 Pseudodendrothrips stuardoi (Moulton, 1930) 336 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 337

THRIPIDAE – THRIPINAE. Frankliniella fuscicornis Moulton, 1948 Aneristothrips claripennis (Moulton, 1933) Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton, 1948 Arorathrips fulvus (Moulton, 1936) Frankliniella gemina Bagnall, 1919 Arorathrips mexicanus (Crawford, 1909) Frankliniella hemerocallis Crawford, 1948 Arorathrips nigriceps (Hood, 1952) Frankliniella insularis (Franklin, 1908) Arorathrips spiniceps (Hood, 1915) Frankliniella konoi Sakimura & O’Neill, 1979 Arorathrips xanthius (Hood, 1933) Frankliniella longipennis (Moulton, 1933) Aurantothrips orchidearum (Bondar, 1931) Frankliniella longispinosa Moulton, 1933 Bradinothrips musae (Hood, 1956) Frankliniella minor Moulton, 1948 Bregmatothrips venustus Hood, 1912 Frankliniella minuta (Moulton, 1907) Ceratothripoides lagoenacollus (Moulton, 1933) Frankliniella nakaharai Sakimura & O’Neill, Cercyothrips striatus Morgan, 1925 1979 Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) Chaetisothrips striatus (Hood, 1935) Frankliniella oxyura Bagnall, 1919 Chaetisothrips n. sp. Frankliniella peruviana Hood, 1937 Charassothrips incomparabilis (Johansen, 1983) Frankliniella rodeos Moulton, 1933 Charassothrips urospathae Hood, 1954 Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910) Chirothrips priesneri Hood, 1949 Frankliniella serrata Moulton, 1933 “Chirothrips” pubescens (Hood, 1949) Frankliniella setipes Bagnall, 1919 “Chirothrips” sericatus (Hood, 1949) Frankliniella simplex Priesner, 1924 “Chirothrips” texanus Andre, 1939 Frankliniella speciosa Moulton, 1933 Coremothrips nubilicus (Hood, 1954) Frankliniella trinidadensis Hood, 1941 Coremothrips pallidus Hood, 1925 Frankliniella tritici (Fitch, 1855) Corynothrips flavus Moulton, 1941 Frankliniella varipes Moulton, 1933 Corynothrips stenopterus Williams, 1913 Frankliniella williamsi Hood, 1915 Dendrothripoides innoxius (Karny, 1914) Frankliniella zucchini Nakahara & Monteiro, Echinothrips asperatus Hood, 1957 1999 Echinothrips mexicanus Moulton, 1911 Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford, Echinothrips pinnatus Hood, 1960 1909) Echinothrips n. sp. Nexothrips delclaroi Marullo & Mound, 2001 Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 Plesiothrips amblycauda Hood, 1925 Enneothrips fuscus Hood, 1954 Plesiothrips frequens (Moulton, 1948) Frankliniella annulipes Hood, 1915 Plesiothrips longicollis Hood, 1954 Frankliniella australis Morgan, 1925 Plesiothrips maculosus Hood, 1954 Frankliniella bertelsi (De Santis, 1967) Plesiothrips octarthrus Hood, 1925 Frankliniella bicolor Moulton, 1948 Plesiothrips sculpticollis Hood, 1950 Frankliniella bondari Hood, 1941 Plesiothrips setiventris Hood, 1950 Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937 Prionothrips procerus Hood, 1954 Frankliniella brunnea Priesner, 1932 Psectrothrips interruptus (Hood, 1957) Frankliniella caseariae Moulton, 1933 Psectrothrips longiceps (Hood, 1954) Frankliniella condei John, 1928 Pseudothrips quadratus (Hood, 1954) Frankliniella curta Hood, 1942 Rhamphothrips pandens Sakimura, 1983 Frankliniella desantisi Sakimura & O’Neill, Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935 1979 Salpingothrips sp. Frankliniella difficilis Hood, 1925 Scirtidothrips torquatus Hood, 1954 Frankliniella distinguenda Bagnall, 1919 Scirtothrips bondari Moulton, 1933 Frankliniella fulvipennis Moulton, 1933 Scirtothrips manihoti (Bondar, 1924) Frankliniella fulvipes Bagnall, 1919 Scirtothrips multistriatus Hood, 1954 Frankliniella fusca (Hinds, 1902) Scirtothrips panamensis Hood, 1935 336 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 337

Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande, 1894) Ethirothrips firmus (Hood, 1952) Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall, 1913) Gastrothrips abditus Hood, 1935 Stenchaetothrips brasiliensis (Hood, 1954) Gastrothrips fumipennis Hood, 1952 Stenchaetothrips minutus (Deventer, 1906) Gastrothrips mandiocae (Moulton, 1941) Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel, 1895) Gastrothrips procerus Hood, 1955 Thrips australis (Bagnall, 1915) Neosmerinthothrips annulipes (Hood, 1950) Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 Neosmerinthothrips diversicolor (Moulton, Thrips simplex (Morison, 1930) 1933) Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889. Neosmerinthothrips hamiltoni Mound & Palmer, Trichromothrips xanthius (Williams, 1917) 1983 Neosmerinthothrips paulistarum (Hood, 1950) PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE – IDOLOTHRIPINAE. Neosmerinthothrips picticornis (Hood, 1936) Acallurothrips conifer (Hood, 1925) Neosmerinthothrips plaumanni (Hood, 1950) Acallurothrips fasciolatus (Hood, 1952) Neosmerinthothrips variipes (Hood, 1950) Acallurothrips quadraticeps (Hood, 1952) Phacothrips ocelloides (Hood, 1950) Actinothrips bondari Hood, 1928 Pygothrips callipygus Hood, 1952 Actinothrips femoralis Hood, 1950 Pygothrips longiceps Hood, 1952 Actinothrips gargantua De Santis, 1960 Pygothrips magnicauda Hood, 1954 Actinothrips pedalis Hood, 1949 Saurothrips assai Hood, 1952 Allothrips brasilianus Hood, 1955 Zactinothrips elegans Hood, 1936 Anactinothrips fuscus Moulton, 1933 Zactinothrips modestus Hood, 1941 Anactinothrips gibbifer zur Strassen, 1980 Zeugmatothrips borgmeieri Hood, 1949 Anactinothrips gustaviae Mound & Palmer, 1983 Zeugmatothrips cinctus Hood, 1952 Anactinothrips handlirschii (Schmutz, 1909) Zeugmatothrips femoralis Hood, 1952 Anactinothrips nigricornis Hood, 1936 Zeugmatothrips gracilis Hood, 1952 Anactinothrips silvicola Hood, 1952 Zeugmatothrips mumbaca Hood, 1952 Compsothrips bicolor Priesner, 1921 Zeugmatothrips niger Hood, 1952 Compsothrips brasiliensis (Hood, 1952) Zeugmatothrips pallidulus Hood, 1958 Compsothrips graminis (Hood, 1936) Zeugmatothrips peltatus Hood, 1949 Cyphothrips dorsalis Hood, 1952 Diceratothrips bicornis Bagnall, 1908 PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE – PHLAEOTHRIPINAE. Diceratothrips cornutus Hood, 1952 amoenus Hood, 1949 Diceratothrips nigricauda (Hood, 1925) Acanthothrips palmi Hood, 1958 Diceratothrips robustus (Schmutz, 1909) Adraneothrips abdominalis Hood, 1925 Diplacothrips piceus Hood, 1952 Adraneothrips acutus Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips amazonicus Johansen, 1979 Adraneothrips alternatus Hood, 1925 Elaphrothrips angustifrons (Bergroth, 1888) Adraneothrips brasiliensis Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips borgmeieri Hood, 1955 Adraneothrips lepidus Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips brasiliensis Johansen, 1978 Adraneothrips obliquus Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips costalimai Hood, 1955 Adraneothrips pulchellus Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips gracilis Moulton, 1933 Adraneothrips septimanus Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips laevicollis (Bagnall, 1910) Adraneothrips silvaticus Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips macateei Hood, 1955 Adraneothrips spadix Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips nitidus (Bagnall, 1910) Adraneothrips stenocephalus Hood, 1938 Elaphrothrips palustris (Hood, 1952) Adraneothrips tibialis (Hood, 1914) Elaphrothrips propinquus (Bagnall, 1910) Adraneothrips transversus Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips schottii (Heeger, 1852) Adraneothrips tupi Hood, 1950 Elaphrothrips snodgrassi Hood, 1955 Adraneothrips uniformis Hood, 1925 Elaphrothrips unicolor Moulton, 1933 Adraneothrips vespicola De Santis, 1981 338 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 339

Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin, 1908) Eurythrips peccans Hood, 1957 andersoni O’Neill, 1968 Eurythrips pusillus Hood, 1957 Blepharidothrips sphaerops Hood, 1952 Eurythrips setosus Hood, 1950 Bradythrips hesperus Hood & Williams, 1925 Eurythrips simplex (Hood, 1954) Carathrips bandeirantium Hood, 1950 Eurythrips striolatus Hood, 1957 Carathrips delicatulus (Hood, 1939) Eurythrips subflavus Hood, 1950 Carathrips ferrugineus Hood, 1950 Eurythrips tarsalis Hood, 1925 Carathrips grandiceps Hood, 1950 Eurythrips trifasciatus (Hood, 1954) Carathrips impensus Hood, 1955 Glyptothrips bucca (Hood, 1957) Carathrips interruptus Hood, 1950 Glyptothrips divergens (Hood, 1957) Carathrips mediamericanus (Hood, 1933) Glyptothrips fuscipes (Hood, 1954) Carathrips pallidiventris Hood, 1950 Glyptothrips hylaeus (Hood, 1950) Carathrips plaumanni Hood, 1955 Glyptothrips longiceps (Hood, 1954) Cartomothrips browni Stannard, 1962 Glyptothrips saltuarius (Hood, 1957) Chamaeothrips jucundus Hood, 1954 Glyptothrips silvaticus (Hood, 1957) Chirothripoides sp. Glyptothrips subcalvus (Hood, 1954) Chorithrips heptatoma Hood, 1957 Gomphiothrips tibouchinae Moulton, 1933 Chorithrips octatoma Hood, 1957 (Marchal, 1908) Chortothrips valens (Hood, 1950) Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908) Chthonothrips nigrocinctus Hood, 1957 Holcothrips achmaeae Hood, 1954 Docessissophothrips brasiliensis (Schmutz, Holopothrips affinis (Bagnall, 1924) 1909) Holopothrips ananasi Costa Lima, 1935 Docessissophothrips dotatus (Hood, 1955) Holopothrips balteatus Hood, 1955 Docessissophothrips tenuiceps (Hood 1937) Holopothrips conducans (Priesner, 1921) Docessissophothrips travassosi (Hood, 1949) Holopothrips erianthi (Hood, 1954) Docessissophothrips villicornis (Hood, 1949) Holopothrips fulvus Morgan, 1929 Dolichothrips sp. Holopothrips graminis Hood, 1955 Dopothrips paraensis (Hood, 1952) Holopothrips hambletoni Hood, 1938 Epomisothrips araucariae Hood, 1954 Holopothrips hilaris Hood, 1938 Eschatothrips cerinus Hood, 1957 Holopothrips inversus Hood, 1955 Eschatothrips decoratus Hood, 1957 Holopothrips jaboticabae (Hood, 1954) Eschatothrips pachyurus (Hood, 1954) Holopothrips omercooperi (Bagnall , 1924) Eschatothrips variegatus (Hood, 1954) Holopothrips pennatus Moulton, 1938 Eupathithrips atripes Hood, 1950 Holopothrips pictus Hood, 1941 Eupathithrips meizon Hood, 1955 Holopothrips signatus Hood, 1914 Eupathithrips silvestrii (Buffa, 1908) Holopothrips tupi Hood, 1955 Eurythrips alarius Hood, 1957 aberrans (Hood, 1955) Eurythrips bifasciatus (Hood, 1954) Holothrips adelos (Mound, 1968) Eurythrips bisetosus (Hood, 1954) Holothrips amplus Hood, 1952 Eurythrips citricornis (Hood, 1954) Holothrips aspericaudus Hood, 1952 Eurythrips conformis Hood, 1957 Holothrips bellulus (Hood, 1955) Eurythrips costalimai Hood, 1950 Holothrips bucallis (Hood, 1955) Eurythrips cruralis Hood, 1957 Holothrips bursarius (Hood, 1957) Eurythrips elongatus Hood, 1957 Holothrips conicurus (Hood, 1942) Eurythrips hemimeres Hood, 1957 Holothrips cornutus (Hood, 1955) Eurythrips modestus (Bagnall, 1917) Holothrips eucharis (Hood, 1955) Eurythrips musivi Hood, 1957 Holothrips formosus (Hood, 1952) Eurythrips nigriceps Hood, 1957 Holothrips graminicolus (Hood, 1952) Eurythrips nigricornis Hood, 1960 Holothrips ingens Karny, 1911 338 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 339

Holothrips lanei (Hood, 1949) Liothrips salti Moulton, 1933 Holothrips palmarum (Hood, 1952) Liothrips satanas (Priesner, 1923) Holothrips procerus Hood, 1952 Liothrips seticollis Karny, 1912 Holothrips umbricola (Hood, 1952) Liothrips tropicus (Schmutz, 1909) affinis Hood, 1915 Liothrips unicolor Moulton, 1933 Hoplandrothrips albipes Hood, 1952 Liothrips vernoniae Moulton, 1933 Hoplandrothrips brasiliensis Hood, 1954 Lissothrips dispar Hood, 1954 Hoplandrothrips erythrinae (Priesner, 1925) Lissothrips eburifer Hood, 1954 Hoplandrothrips flavipes Bagnall, 1923 Lissothrips flavidus Hood, 1960 Hoplandrothrips fusciflavus Hood, 1952 Lissothrips obesus Hood, 1950 Hoplandrothrips longirostris Hood, 1954 Lonchothrips linearis Hood, 1957 Hoplandrothrips ommatus Hood, 1952 Macrophthalmothrips allops Hood, 1954 Hoplandrothrips sides (Moulton, 1933) Macrophthalmothrips diasi Hood, 1949 Hoplandrothrips variegatus Hood, 1952 Macrophthalmothrips femoralis Hood, 1941 Hoplandrothrips xanthopoides Bagnall, 1917 Macrophthalmothrips hemipteroides (Priesner, agrestis Hood, 1955 1921) Hoplothrips bahiaensis Moulton, 1933 Malacothrips fasciatus Hood, 1952 Hoplothrips calcaratus (Hood, 1925) Malacothrips mediater Hood, 1952 Hoplothrips dentiger Hood, 1949 Malacothrips vigilatus (Hood, 1957) Hoplothrips detector Hood, 1955 Menothrips ebriosus Hood, 1957 Hoplothrips dissonus Hood, 1955 Mystrothrips clavatoris Hood, 1954 Hoplothrips lacteus Hood, 1954 Neurothrips frontalis Hood, 1952 Hoplothrips orbiculatus Hood, 1954 Neurothrips n. sp. Hoplothrips palmarius Hood, 1955 Orthothrips angustus Hood, 1954 Hoplothrips psidii Moulton, 1933 Orthothrips exilis Hood, 1954 Hoplothrips spissicornis Hood, 1952 Orthothrips leptura Hood, 1952 Hoplothrips testaceus Hood, 1954 Orthothrips stilifer (Hood, 1957) Hyidiothrips nanellus Hood, 1957 Pedoeothrips nigritus Hood, 1954 Hyidiothrips tesselatus Hood, 1952 Plagiothrips eugeniae (Costa Lima, 1935) flavipes (Jones, 1912) Plectrothrips antennatus Hood, 1908 Karnyothrips franciscanus (Hood, 1949) Plectrothrips bicuspis Hood, 1957 Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall, 1911) Plectrothrips glaber Hood, 1954 Karnyothrips merrilli (Watson, 1920) Plectrothrips hoodi Okajima, 1981 Karnyothrips venustus (Moulton, 1941) Plectrothrips nigricornis Okajima, 1981 Leptothrips mali (Fitch, 1855) Plectrothrips rotundus Okajima, 1981 Leptothrips tenuiceps Hood, 1950 Plectrothrips thoracicus Hood, 1954 Leptothrips vittipennis Hood, 1938 Pleurothrips collaris (Hood, 1925) Liothrips adisi zur Strassen, 1978 bambusae Hood, 1949 Liothrips anonae Moulton, 1933 Podothrips brasiliensis Hood, 1949 Liothrips bondari Moulton, 1933 Preeriella discors Hood, 1957 Liothrips brasiliensis Moulton, 1933 Preeriella fumosa Hood, 1957 Liothrips capnodes (Hood, 1955) Preeriella macilenta Hood, 1957 Liothrips condei Moulton, 1933 Preeriella marginata Hood, 1957 Liothrips didymopanicis Del-Claro & Mound, Priesnerothrips amazonicus (Hood, 1954) 1996 Pristothrips aaptus Hood, 1925 Liothrips distinctus Moulton, 1938 Psalidothrips conciliatus Hood, 1955 Liothrips errabundus zur Strassen, 1975 Psalidothrips dissidens Hood, 1955 Liothrips mendesi Moulton, 1933 Psalidothrips longistylus Okajima, 1983 Liothrips nigriculus (Hood, 1955) Psalidothrips retifer Hood, 1955 340 THE THYSANOPTERA FAUNA OF BRAZIL THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 341

Psalidothrips umbraticus Hood, 1955 Tropothrips borgmeieri Hood, 1949 Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood, 1949) Trybomia gossypii (Hood, 1915) Schazothrips anadenus Hood, 1957 Trybomia intermedius (Bagnall, 1910) Sedulothrips tristis Hood, 1934 Trybomia mendesi Moulton, 1933 Sedulothrips vigilans (Hood, 1913) Trypanothrips coxalis Hood, 1957 Smicrothrips particula Hood, 1952 Tylothrips achaetus (Hood, 1957) Sophiothrips comptus Hood, 1955 Tylothrips brasiliensis (Hood, 1957) Sophiothrips politus Hood, 1955 Tylothrips caelatoris (Hood, 1954) Sophiothrips squamosus Hood, 1933 Tylothrips cochlearius (Hood, 1954) Sophiothrips verrucosus Hood, 1955 Tylothrips consobrinus (Hood, 1954) Strepterothrips brasilianus (Hood, 1952) Tylothrips crassus (Hood, 1954) Strepterothrips conradi Hood, 1933 Tylothrips flaviventris (Hood, 1957) Symphyothrips caliginosus Hood, 1952 Tylothrips forticauda (Hood, 1954) Terthrothrips balteatus Hood, 1957 Tylothrips fulvescens (Hood, 1957) Terthrothrips bicinctus Hood, 1954 Tylothrips fuscifrons (Hood, 1957) Terthrothrips brunneus Hood, 1957 Tylothrips gracilis (Hood, 1954) Terthrothrips bucculentus Hood, 1957 Tylothrips inuncatus (Hood, 1957) Terthrothrips bullifer Hood, 1957 Tylothrips longulus (Hood, 1954) Terthrothrips carens Hood, 1957 Tylothrips majusculus (Hood, 1957) Terthrothrips defectus (Hood, 1957) Tylothrips minor (Hood, 1954) Terthrothrips fuscatus Hood, 1954 Terthrothrips hebes Hood, 1957 Tylothrips paulus (Hood, 1957) Terthrothrips impolitus Hood, 1957 Tylothrips striaticeps (Hood, 1954) Terthrothrips irretitus Hood, 1957 Tylothrips subglaber (Hood, 1957) Terthrothrips luteolus Hood, 1957 Tylothrips ustulatus (Hood, 1957) Terthrothrips marginatus Gerdes, 1984 Williamsiella bicoloripes Hood, 1925 Terthrothrips peltatus Hood, 1957 Williamsiella brasiliensis Priesner, 1937 Terthrothrips percultus Hood, 1957 Williamsiella breviceps (Hood, 1925) Terthrothrips sanguinolentus (Bergroth, 1896) Williamsiella brevisetis (Hood, 1950) Terthrothrips serratus Hood, 1954 Williamsiella capitulatus (Hood, 1960) Terthrothrips unicinctus Hood, 1954 Williamsiella longiceps (Hood, 1960) Terthrothrips viduus Hood, 1957 Williamsiella nemoralis (Hood, 1954) Trachythrips epimeralis Hood, 1941 Williamsiella tricosus (Hood, 1960) Trichinothrips callypechys Hood, 1952 Williamsiella ventralis (Hood, 1954) Trichinothrips latifrons Hood, 1955 Zaliothrips imitator Hood, 1955 Trichinothrips panamensis Hood, 1935 Zaliothrips longisetosus Hood, 1955 Trichinothrips sensilis Hood, 1952 Zaliothrips luteolus Hood, 1955