What Can Bouncing Oil Droplets Tell Us About Quantum Mechanics?
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Quantum Biology: an Update and Perspective
quantum reports Review Quantum Biology: An Update and Perspective Youngchan Kim 1,2,3 , Federico Bertagna 1,4, Edeline M. D’Souza 1,2, Derren J. Heyes 5 , Linus O. Johannissen 5 , Eveliny T. Nery 1,2 , Antonio Pantelias 1,2 , Alejandro Sanchez-Pedreño Jimenez 1,2 , Louie Slocombe 1,6 , Michael G. Spencer 1,3 , Jim Al-Khalili 1,6 , Gregory S. Engel 7 , Sam Hay 5 , Suzanne M. Hingley-Wilson 2, Kamalan Jeevaratnam 4, Alex R. Jones 8 , Daniel R. Kattnig 9 , Rebecca Lewis 4 , Marco Sacchi 10 , Nigel S. Scrutton 5 , S. Ravi P. Silva 3 and Johnjoe McFadden 1,2,* 1 Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (F.B.); e.d’[email protected] (E.M.D.); [email protected] (E.T.N.); [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (A.S.-P.J.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (M.G.S.); [email protected] (J.A.-K.) 2 Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] 3 Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] 4 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (R.L.) 5 Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, -
The Theory of (Exclusively) Local Beables
The Theory of (Exclusively) Local Beables Travis Norsen Marlboro College Marlboro, VT 05344 (Dated: June 17, 2010) Abstract It is shown how, starting with the de Broglie - Bohm pilot-wave theory, one can construct a new theory of the sort envisioned by several of QM’s founders: a Theory of Exclusively Local Beables (TELB). In particular, the usual quantum mechanical wave function (a function on a high-dimensional configuration space) is not among the beables posited by the new theory. Instead, each particle has an associated “pilot- wave” field (living in physical space). A number of additional fields (also fields on physical space) maintain what is described, in ordinary quantum theory, as “entanglement.” The theory allows some interesting new perspective on the kind of causation involved in pilot-wave theories in general. And it provides also a concrete example of an empirically viable quantum theory in whose formulation the wave function (on configuration space) does not appear – i.e., it is a theory according to which nothing corresponding to the configuration space wave function need actually exist. That is the theory’s raison d’etre and perhaps its only virtue. Its vices include the fact that it only reproduces the empirical predictions of the ordinary pilot-wave theory (equivalent, of course, to the predictions of ordinary quantum theory) for spinless non-relativistic particles, and only then for wave functions that are everywhere analytic. The goal is thus not to recommend the TELB proposed here as a replacement for ordinary pilot-wave theory (or ordinary quantum theory), but is rather to illustrate (with a crude first stab) that it might be possible to construct a plausible, empirically arXiv:0909.4553v3 [quant-ph] 17 Jun 2010 viable TELB, and to recommend this as an interesting and perhaps-fruitful program for future research. -
On the Foundations of Eurhythmic Physics: a Brief Non Technical Survey
International Journal of Philosophy 2017; 5(6): 50-53 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijp doi: 10.11648/j.ijp.20170506.11 ISSN: 2330-7439 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7455 (Online) On the Foundations of Eurhythmic Physics: A Brief Non Technical Survey Paulo Castro 1, José Ramalho Croca 1, 2, Rui Moreira 1, Mário Gatta 1, 3 1Center for Philosophy of Sciences of the University of Lisbon (CFCUL), Lisbon, Portugal 2Department of Physics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 3Centro de Investigação Naval (CINAV), Portuguese Naval Academy, Almada, Portugal Email address: To cite this article: Paulo Castro, José Ramalho Croca, Rui Moreira, Mário Gatta. On the Foundations of Eurhythmic Physics: A Brief Non Technical Survey. International Journal of Philosophy . Vol. 5, No. 6, 2017, pp. 50-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijp.20170506.11 Received : October 9, 2017; Accepted : November 13, 2017; Published : February 3, 2018 Abstract: Eurhythmic Physics is a new approach to describe physical systems, where the concepts of rhythm, synchronization, inter-relational influence and non-linear emergence stand out as major concepts. The theory, still under development, is based on the Principle of Eurhythmy, the assertion that all systems follow, on average, the behaviors that extend their existence, preserving and reinforcing their structural stability. The Principle of Eurhythmy implies that all systems in Nature tend to harmonize or cooperate between themselves in order to persist, giving rise to more complex structures. This paper provides a brief non-technical introduction to the subject. Keywords: Eurhythmic Physics, Principle of Eurhythmy, Non-Linearity, Emergence, Complex Systems, Cooperative Evolution among a wider range of interactions. -
Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and the Physical Interpretation of the Wave Function
Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and the Physical Interpretation of the Wave Function Shuming Wen ( [email protected] ) Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology. Research Article Keywords: probability origin, wave-function collapse, uncertainty principle, quantum tunnelling, double-slit and single-slit experiments Posted Date: November 16th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-95171/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and the Physical Interpretation of the Wave Function Shuming Wen Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093 Abstract The theoretical calculation of quantum mechanics has been accurately verified by experiments, but Copenhagen interpretation with probability is still controversial. To find the source of the probability, we revised the definition of the energy quantum and reconstructed the wave function of the physical particle. Here, we found that the energy quantum ê is 6.62606896 ×10-34J instead of hν as proposed by Planck. Additionally, the value of the quality quantum ô is 7.372496 × 10-51 kg. This discontinuity of energy leads to a periodic non-uniform spatial distribution of the particles that transmit energy. A quantum objective system (QOS) consists of many physical particles whose wave function is the superposition of the wave functions of all physical particles. The probability of quantum mechanics originates from the distribution rate of the particles in the QOS per unit volume at time t and near position r. Based on the revision of the energy quantum assumption and the origin of the probability, we proposed new certainty and uncertainty relationships, explained the physical mechanism of wave-function collapse and the quantum tunnelling effect, derived the quantum theoretical expression of double-slit and single-slit experiments. -
Many Physicists Believe That Entanglement Is The
NEWS FEATURE SPACE. TIME. ENTANGLEMENT. n early 2009, determined to make the most annual essay contest run by the Gravity Many physicists believe of his first sabbatical from teaching, Mark Research Foundation in Wellesley, Massachu- Van Raamsdonk decided to tackle one of setts. Not only did he win first prize, but he also that entanglement is Ithe deepest mysteries in physics: the relation- got to savour a particularly satisfying irony: the the essence of quantum ship between quantum mechanics and gravity. honour included guaranteed publication in After a year of work and consultation with col- General Relativity and Gravitation. The journal PICTURES PARAMOUNT weirdness — and some now leagues, he submitted a paper on the topic to published the shorter essay1 in June 2010. suspect that it may also be the Journal of High Energy Physics. Still, the editors had good reason to be BROS. ENTERTAINMENT/ WARNER In April 2010, the journal sent him a rejec- cautious. A successful unification of quantum the essence of space-time. tion — with a referee’s report implying that mechanics and gravity has eluded physicists Van Raamsdonk, a physicist at the University of for nearly a century. Quantum mechanics gov- British Columbia in Vancouver, was a crackpot. erns the world of the small — the weird realm His next submission, to General Relativity in which an atom or particle can be in many BY RON COWEN and Gravitation, fared little better: the referee’s places at the same time, and can simultaneously report was scathing, and the journal’s editor spin both clockwise and anticlockwise. Gravity asked for a complete rewrite. -
Pilot-Wave Hydrodynamics
FL47CH12-Bush ARI 1 December 2014 20:26 Pilot-Wave Hydrodynamics John W.M. Bush Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2015. 47:269–92 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on walking drops, Faraday waves, quantum analogs September 10, 2014 The Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is online at Abstract fluid.annualreviews.org Yves Couder, Emmanuel Fort, and coworkers recently discovered that a This article’s doi: millimetric droplet sustained on the surface of a vibrating fluid bath may 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010814-014506 self-propel through a resonant interaction with its own wave field. This ar- Copyright c 2015 by Annual Reviews. ticle reviews experimental evidence indicating that the walking droplets ex- All rights reserved hibit certain features previously thought to be exclusive to the microscopic, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2015.47:269-292. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org quantum realm. It then reviews theoretical descriptions of this hydrody- namic pilot-wave system that yield insight into the origins of its quantum- Access provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on 01/07/15. For personal use only. like behavior. Quantization arises from the dynamic constraint imposed on the droplet by its pilot-wave field, and multimodal statistics appear to be a feature of chaotic pilot-wave dynamics. I attempt to assess the po- tential and limitations of this hydrodynamic system as a quantum analog. This fluid system is compared to quantum pilot-wave theories, shown to be markedly different from Bohmian mechanics and more closely related to de Broglie’s original conception of quantum dynamics, his double-solution theory, and its relatively recent extensions through researchers in stochastic electrodynamics. -
Pilot-Wave Theory, Bohmian Metaphysics, and the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Lecture 8 Bohmian Metaphysics: the Implicate Order and Other Arcana
Pilot-wave theory, Bohmian metaphysics, and the foundations of quantum mechanics Lecture 8 Bohmian metaphysics: the implicate order and other arcana Mike Towler TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/∼mdt26 and www.vallico.net/tti/tti.html [email protected] – Typeset by FoilTEX – 1 Acknowledgements The material in this lecture is largely derived from books and articles by David Bohm, Basil Hiley, Paavo Pylkk¨annen, F. David Peat, Marcello Guarini, Jack Sarfatti, Lee Nichol, Andrew Whitaker, and Constantine Pagonis. The text of an interview between Simeon Alev and Peat is extensively quoted. Other sources used and many other interesting papers are listed on the course web page: www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/∼mdt26/pilot waves.html MDT – Typeset by FoilTEX – 2 More philosophical preliminaries Positivism: Observed phenomena are all that require discussion or scientific analysis; consideration of other questions, such as what the underlying mechanism may be, or what ‘real entities’ produce the phenomena, is dismissed as meaningless. Truth begins in sense experience, but does not end there. Positivism fails to prove that there are not abstract ideas, laws, and principles, beyond particular observable facts and relationships and necessary principles, or that we cannot know them. Nor does it prove that material and corporeal things constitute the whole order of existing beings, and that our knowledge is limited to them. Positivism ignores all humanly significant and interesting problems, citing its refusal to engage in reflection; it gives to a particular methodology an absolutist status and can do this only because it has partly forgotten, partly repressed its knowledge of the roots of this methodology in human concerns. -
Hamiltonian Formulation of the Pilot-Wave Theory Has Also Been Developed by Holland [9]
Hamiltonian Formulation of the Pilot-Wave Theory Dan N. Vollick Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan 3333 University Way Kelowna, B.C. Canada V1V 1V7 Abstract In the pilot-wave theory of quantum mechanics particles have definite positions and velocities and the system evolves deterministically. The velocity of a particle is deter- mined by the wave function of the system (the guidance equation) and the wave function evolves according to Schrodinger’s equation. In this paper I first construct a Hamiltonian that gives Schrodinger’s equation and the guidance equation for the particle. I then find the Hamiltonian for a relativistic particle in Dirac’s theory and for a quantum scalar field. arXiv:2101.10117v1 [quant-ph] 21 Jan 2021 1 1 Introduction In the standard approach to quantum mechanics the wave function provides a complete description of any system and is used to calculate probability distributions for observ- ables associated with the system. In the pilot-wave theory pioneered by de Broglie [1, 2] in the 1920’s, particles have definite positions and velocities and are “guided” by the wave function, which satisfies Schrodinger’s equation. A similar approach was developed by Bohm [3, 4] in the early 1950’s (see [5] and [6] for extensive reviews). For a single particle in the non-relativistic theory the velocity of the particle is given by dX~ = J~(X,~ t) , (1) dt where X~ is the particle’s position and h¯ J~ = ψ∗ ~ ψ ψ ~ ψ∗ . (2) 2im ψ 2 ∇ − ∇ | | h i Particle trajectories are, therefore, integral curves to the vector field J~. -
A Live Alternative to Quantum Spooks
International Journal of Quantum Foundations 6 (2020) 1-8 Original Paper A live alternative to quantum spooks Huw Price1;∗ and Ken Wharton2 1. Trinity College, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, UK 2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0106, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:[email protected] Received: 14 December 2019 / Accepted: 21 December 2019 / Published: 31 December 2019 Abstract: Quantum weirdness has been in the news recently, thanks to an ingenious new experiment by a team led by Roland Hanson, at the Delft University of Technology. Much of the coverage presents the experiment as good (even conclusive) news for spooky action-at-a-distance, and bad news for local realism. We point out that this interpretation ignores an alternative, namely that the quantum world is retrocausal. We conjecture that this loophole is missed because it is confused for superdeterminism on one side, or action-at-a-distance itself on the other. We explain why it is different from these options, and why it has clear advantages, in both cases. Keywords: Quantum Entanglement; Retrocausality; Superdeterminism Quantum weirdness has been getting a lot of attention recently, thanks to a clever new experiment by a team led by Roland Hanson, at the Delft University of Technology.[1] Much of the coverage has presented the experiment as good news for spooky action-at-a-distance, and bad news for Einstein: “The most rigorous test of quantum theory ever carried out has confirmed that the ‘spooky action-at-a-distance’ that [Einstein] famously hated . -
Hydrodynamic Quantum Field Theory: the Free Particle
Comptes Rendus Mécanique Yuval Dagan and John W. M. Bush Hydrodynamic quantum field theory: the free particle Volume 348, issue 6-7 (2020), p. 555-571. <https://doi.org/10.5802/crmeca.34> Part of the Thematic Issue: Tribute to an exemplary man: Yves Couder Guest editors: Martine Ben Amar (Paris Sciences & Lettres, LPENS, Paris, France), Laurent Limat (Paris-Diderot University, CNRS, MSC, Paris, France), Olivier Pouliquen (Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI, Marseille, France) and Emmanuel Villermaux (Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, France) © Académie des sciences, Paris and the authors, 2020. Some rights reserved. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Les Comptes Rendus. Mécanique sont membres du Centre Mersenne pour l’édition scientifique ouverte www.centre-mersenne.org Comptes Rendus Mécanique 2020, 348, nO 6-7, p. 555-571 https://doi.org/10.5802/crmeca.34 Tribute to an exemplary man: Yves Couder Bouncing drops, memory / Bouncing drops, memory Hydrodynamic quantum field theory: the free particle a b,* Yuval Dagan and John W. M. Bush a Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel b Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA E-mails: [email protected] (Y. Dagan), [email protected] (J. W. M. Bush) Abstract. We revisit de Broglie’s double-solution pilot-wave theory in light of insights gained from the hy- drodynamic pilot-wave system discovered by Couder and Fort [1]. de Broglie proposed that quantum parti- cles are characterized by an internal oscillation at the Compton frequency, at which rest mass energy is ex- changed with field energy. -
Pilot-Wave Theory, Bohmian Metaphysics, and the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Lecture 6 Calculating Things with Quantum Trajectories
Pilot-wave theory, Bohmian metaphysics, and the foundations of quantum mechanics Lecture 6 Calculating things with quantum trajectories Mike Towler TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/∼mdt26 and www.vallico.net/tti/tti.html [email protected] – Typeset by FoilTEX – 1 Acknowledgements The material in this lecture is to a large extent a summary of publications by Peter Holland, R.E. Wyatt, D.A. Deckert, R. Tumulka, D.J. Tannor, D. Bohm, B.J. Hiley, I.P. Christov and J.D. Watson. Other sources used and many other interesting papers are listed on the course web page: www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/∼mdt26/pilot waves.html MDT – Typeset by FoilTEX – 2 On anticlimaxes.. Up to now we have enjoyed ourselves freewheeling through the highs and lows of fundamental quantum and relativistic physics whilst slagging off Bohr, Heisenberg, Pauli, Wheeler, Oppenheimer, Born, Feynman and other physics heroes (last week we even disagreed with Einstein - an attitude that since the dawn of the 20th century has been the ultimate sign of gibbering insanity). All tremendous fun. This week - we shall learn about finite differencing and least squares fitting..! Cough. “Dr. Towler, please. You’re not allowed to use the sprinkler system to keep the audience awake.” – Typeset by FoilTEX – 3 QM computations with trajectories Computing the wavefunction from trajectories: particle and wave pictures in quantum mechanics and their relation P. Holland (2004) “The notion that the concept of a continuous material orbit is incompatible with a full wave theory of microphysical systems was central to the genesis of wave mechanics. -
Quantum Entanglement and Bell's Inequality
Quantum Entanglement and Bell’s Inequality Christopher Marsh, Graham Jensen, and Samantha To University of Rochester, Rochester, NY Abstract – Christopher Marsh: Entanglement is a phenomenon where two particles are linked by some sort of characteristic. A particle such as an electron can be entangled by its spin. Photons can be entangled through its polarization. The aim of this lab is to generate and detect photon entanglement. This was accomplished by subjecting an incident beam to spontaneous parametric down conversion, a process where one photon produces two daughter polarization entangled photons. Entangled photons were sent to polarizers which were placed in front of two avalanche photodiodes; by changing the angles of these polarizers we observed how the orientation of the polarizers was linked to the number of photons coincident on the photodiodes. We dabbled into how aligning and misaligning a phase correcting quartz plate affected data. We also set the polarizers to specific angles to have the maximum S value for the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality. This inequality states that S is no greater than 2 for a system obeying classical physics. In our experiment a S value of 2.5 ± 0.1 was calculated and therefore in violation of classical mechanics. 1. Introduction – Graham Jensen We report on an effort to verify quantum nonlocality through a violation of Bell’s inequality using polarization-entangled photons. When light is directed through a type 1 Beta Barium Borate (BBO) crystal, a small fraction of the incident photons (on the order of ) undergo spontaneous parametric downconversion. In spontaneous parametric downconversion, a single pump photon is split into two new photons called the signal and idler photons.