MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 461

Stone, Bricks, Lime, etc., etc., from distant parts of the Settle- 1812. ment to Hobart Town, you are hereby authorized to build by Contract, or otherwise, as you may deem most adviseable, two Strong good Boats for the Service of Government, in addition to those already at Hobart Town. • 11. By this opportunity, I have directed Twenty Tons of good shipment of Salt Provisions to be Shipped for the use of the Settlement 01 clothing, and Hobart Town, and also Five Hundred Suits of Slop Clothing and bedding. Bedding for the use of the Norfolk Island Settlers, and Male and Female Convicts at the Settlement of the Derwent. The Slop Clothing and Bedding are to be issued to those Persons entitled (which the Deputy Commissary will be the best Judge of) to receive them, with as little delay as possible after your arrival at Hobart Town. The Eighty Convicts, now pro­ ceeding thither on board the Ship Ruby having received New Slop Clothing on their late arrival here from England, are not entitled to receive any at the Derwent from the. issue now ordered to be made there. 12. The Ship Ruby, now chartered by Government to convey Terms of yourself, the other Officers, Troops, Convicts, Provisions and shfpRuby. Stores to the Derwent, must be discharged of her Cargo within Six days from the date of her arrival at Hobart Town in terms of the Charter Party, otherwise to come on Demurrage, which will be a very heavy expence to Government. You must there­ fore take particular care that this Ship is completely delivered of the whole of the Cargo on board of her belonging to Govern­ ment, and that all the Troops and Convicts, with their Pro­ visions, Slops and Baggage, are landed at Hobart Town within Six days of the Ship's arrival there. Herewith you will receive a Copy of the Charter Party, to­ gether with Copies of the Invoices of the Provisions, Stores and Slops, shipped for the use of the Settlement. 13. By a Vessel to touch Shortly at the Derwent from Bengal, Cargo of and in which is Shipped a Cargo of Goods belonging to Messrs. Inspirits Lord and Williams of Sydney, you will receive for the use of the t0 arrive- Settlement under your Command, from Mr. Williams (who is on board the Vessel alluded to), Fifty Tons of good Storeable Ben­ gal Wheat, Ten Tons of Soft Sugar, and Fifteen Hundred Gallons of good Bengal Rum, being in part of the Wheat, Sugar and Spirits, contracted for by Government with the Firm of Lord and Williams some time since to be imported from Bengal for the use of the Crown; and for which quantities of Wheat, Sugar and Spirits, when safely landed at Hobart Town, you will direct the Depy. Commissary to grant Mr. Williams a Receipt. 462 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. 14. Messrs. Lord and Williams being permitted, by the terms 8 Feb. of the Contract above alluded to, to dispose of their Spirits and Cargo and other parts of their Cargo to the best advantage either at Port spirits for sale. Jackson or at the Out Settlements, as best suited their interest, you are hereby authorized to allow Mr. Williams to land and dispose of such parts of his Cargo at the Derwent as may be deemed useful and necessary for the Inhabitants of that Settle­ ment. But, as it would be highly improper and prejudicial to the Settlers in general to import, at any time, too large a Quan­ tity of Spirits into the Settlement, you are not to permit Mr. Williams to land more than Two Thousand Gallons of Spirits at farthest, on his own Private account and that of his Firm. Annual 15. The same Quantity of Spirits, as the Civil and Military allowance of Officers, and other Subordinate Officers in the Service of Govern­ spirits to officers and ment, are indulged with at Head Quarters Annually at the publicans. Government Price, will be allowed to Persons of similar descrip­ tions at the Settlement under your Command, including Licenced Publicans. You are therefore hereby authorized, when Ships or Vessels happen to touch at the Derwent, laden with Spirits, to permit to be landed from them annually as much Spirits (but not more on any account) as will Suffice to Serve out to each Person entitled to receive them, at the Government Price (ex­ clusive of the Duty), the Quantity Specified in the Schedule Price and duty herewith delivered to you for your guidance. The Government for spirits. Price for good Bengal or Jamaica Rum isfixed, till further orders, at Seven Shillings and Sixpence Pr. Gallon to the Im­ porter, the Purchaser paying the Duty of three Shillings Pr. Gallon which is to go to the Police Fund. The Officers, Civil and Military, and Publicans, are invariably to pay this Duty, in addition to the Government Price, thus established, for the Spirits issued to them in the foregoing Manner. Convicts to be 16. I must recommend to you in the Strongest manner to pay assigned to particular attention to the Distribution of the Eighty Male Con­ settlers from Norfolk island. victs now proceeding to the Derwent on board the Ruby. You are only to retain Twenty Men out of that number for the use of Government, including Mechanics; and you are to distribute the remaining Sixty Men amongst that Class of People called the Norfolk Island Settlers, in liquidation of their long standing Claims for Government Labourers. In making this Distri­ bution, the Strictest impartiality must be observed; and as it will be impossible to liquidate the whole of the Claims of the Norfolk Island Settlers for Men at present, the fairest way will be to make them draw by regular Ballot for the number now sent for their use, so as to do equal justice to all. The Depy. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 463 Commissary will be able to furnish you with the names of all the 1812. Norfolk Island Settlers, and with the number of Government s Feb- men due to them in liquidation of their Claims. 17. Having observed in my late Tour of Inspection to the Live stock Settlement of the Derwent, that the Land holders of the lower for settlers- Class are in general very inadequately supplied with Horned Cattle, and being anxious to render them every facility in my power towards their deriving the advantages of this Species of Live Stock, you are hereby authorized and directed to make known to them, that such Persons as do not already possess Horned Cattle may be supplied from the Government Herds with One Cow each on the following terms, namely, Payment to be made for the same in grain or Money—as may be most con­ venient for the Purchaser—in Eighteen Months after receiving her; but none are to receive this indulgence except such as can bring you unquestionable testimonials of their good characters for honesty and industry, and are ready and able to give good security for retaining such Cow and her Offspring in their Possession for the course of three Years from the time of re­ ceiving her. On these terms you are authorized to make an early Distribution of Cattle to the deserving Settlers at the Derwent, the Deputy Commissary taking their Bonds for the same, duly executed, as is the practice at Sydney on similar occasions. 18. There being a few of the Norfolk Island Settlers who have Liquidation still some small Claims on Government unadjusted, on account settierffrorn of Live Stock and Houses left at Norfolk Island at the period Norfolk island. of their leaving it, you are to inform them that an early reference will be made to the Commandant there on the Subject of their Claims, and that, as soon as I receive his answers thereto, all Claims justly due to them shall be liquidated in Money or in Stock at the Derwent. I herewith transmit to you the Names of the Persons who sent in Claims of the above mentioned descrip­ tion to me. 19. When at the Derwent, I received a great number of Peti- Petitions for tions and Memorials for Lands and Cattle and other indulgencies pardomfand from Free Persons there, and also a great many Petitions from emancipations. Convicts for Free Pardons and Emancipations. I had not then Sufficient leisure to examine and answer these Petitions and Memorials, but I have done so since my return to Head Quarters; and, after maturely considering their several Claims and Pre­ tensions to the indulgencies solicited in their Petitions and Memorials respectively, I have given my answers and decisions on the face of the several Memorials and Petitions in question. You will herewith receive these Petitions and Memorials which you will be so good as to return to the Persons therein named 464 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. respectively, fulfilling the Prayers of such of them as have been S Feb. granted by me in the manner directed, as soon as you con- Petitions for viently can do so. The Petitions for Free Pardons and Emanci­ pardons and emancipations. pations, now delivered to you, must be again returned to me after the Petitioners have answered the Queries, and have complied with the directions contained in the Memorandums made by me on the back of them, several essential Points having been omitted in these Petitions that I must necessarily be made acquainted with previous to my finally deciding upon their Merits. I have granted a few Free Pardons and Emancipations to Convicts now at the Derwent, which will be delivered to you herewith, accom­ panied by a List of the Names of the Persons to whom these Special favors have now been granted. Indents of 20. The Indents or Official List* from the Secretary of State of convicts per ships Calcutta the Male and Female Convicts who came out to the Derwent in and Ocean. the Ships Calcutta and Ocean, along with Lt. GOVT. Collins, on the original formation of that Colony, having been lost or mislaid by that Officer, has occasioned a good deal of trouble and diffi­ culty in ascertaining the real Sentences of the Convicts, who then came to the Country. I understand however that a Copy of the original Indents in question has been preserved and is now in the Possession of the present Commandant at the Derwent; and I have therefore to desire that you will transmit to me an attested Copy thereof by the earliest opportunity that may offer. Site for 21. Having deemed it adviseable, when lately at the Derwent town at New Norfolk. and on my visit of Inspection to the District of New Norfolk, to examine and mark out an eligible Situation for a Township for that District, which Township I have named "Elizabeth Town,"i I have to direct that you will afford every facility and encourage­ ment in your power to Sober, industrious Tradesmen and useful Mechanics to go to reside and Settle there, as soon as the Town­ ship has been subdivided into regular Allotments by the Sur­ veyor. Necessity for 22. From the Negligence or ignorance of the late Deputy Sur­ re-survey df veyor at the Derwent, great many disputes have arisen respecting farms. the real boundaries of the several Farms so inaccurately Measured and described by him at that Settlement. It will therefore be absolutely necessary that almost the whole of the Farms, hitherto granted or located at the Settlement of Hobart Town, should be remeasured and newly described. For this pur­ pose, it is my intention to send down Mr. Meehan, the Acting Surveyor General, in the Month of April next to Port Dalrymple, with Instructions^ to proceed from thence to the Derwent over­ land, as soon as he has executed the Duties that will be required of him at the former place. As there is no Surveyor at present

Note 235. • Note 22S. t Note 229. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 465 at the Derwent, you will not have it in your power to locate Lands • 1812. to the several Individuals who have made application to me for 8 Febl them until Mr. Meehan's arrival there. By him I shall transmit you a List of the Names of the several Persons to whom I have promised Lands, specifying the quantity intended for each Person. 23. Herewith you will receive a List of the Names of some settlers. Gentlemen and other Persons, who are already at the Derwent, or have obtained my permission to proceed thither by an early opportunity, and to become Settlers there. In this List is Specified the quantity of Land and indulgencies promised to these Persons respectively, and by which List you will be governed in your conduct towards them. 24. The number of Magistrates in the whole of the Settlement Magistrates for of Hobart Town and its Dependencies must be restricted to Five southern" including yourself, Four being deemed quite sufficient for Hobart Tasmania. Town, and one for the two Districts of Newton and New Norfolk. The present Magistrates are Capt. Murray, the Revd. Mr. Knop­ wood Chaplain, Mr. Fosbrook Depy. Commissary, Mr. Humphrey Mineralogist, and Lieut. Gunning Inspector of Public Works. The two latter gentlemen are only Acting and have never been confirmed or regularly appointed by me, which it is necessary they should be in case they were to be continued as permanent Magistrates. Lieut. Gunning however having other essential Civil and Military Public Duties to perform that must neces­ sarily occupy the greater part of his time, you are to direct his discontinuing to act as a Magistrate from the period of your assuming the Command of the Settlement, and the four Govern­ ment Men he has as a Magistrate are to be returned to the Public Working Gangs. I shall have no objection to confirm Mr. Hum­ phrey as one of the Five Magistrates at the Derwent, in the event of your finding him, on acquaintance, to be properly qualified for filling that Situation with credit, and on your recom­ mending him to me for it. I wish you to appoint Capt. Murray Magistrate of the two J. Murray to Districts of Newton and New Norfolk, permitting him to reside at Newtow^and generally at Newton, when his Military Duties can admit there- New Norfolk. of agreeably to a requisition he made to me to this effect when I was lately at the Derwent, on his being informed that he was to be Superseded in his present Command. 25. It is essentially necessary for the preservation of the Peace Weekly and tranquillity of the Settlement under your Command, as well bencifof0* as for establishing a good System of Police, and adjusting Petty magistrates. disputes and differences, and Settling Petty Debts, that a regu­ lar Bench of Magistrates should assemble Weekly at Hobart

SER. III. VOL. 1—2 G 466 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. Town. You will accordingly not fail to do so, presiding your­ 8 Feb. self invariably at the Bench of Magistrates thus ordered. Suppression of 26. A number of Male Convicts having at different times, bushrangers. within these few years last past, absconded from the Settlement of Hobart Town, and betaken themselves into the Woods or Bush, where they continually Molest the Natives of the Country, and pursue predatory and destructive courses, to the great loss and injury of the Peaceable Inhabitants, destroying their Pro­ perty and killing their Cattle, you are hereby directed to en­ deavour to ascertain the number and names of these Runaways and,Depredators, sending me a List of them by the first oppor­ tunity, in order that the necessary Measures may be adopted for apprehending or destroying them, in case they do not surrender themselves to Justice at the expiration of such period of time as may hereafter be fixed upon in a Proclamation to be issued for that purpose. Marine 27. Having in recent Dispatches from His Majesty's Min­ detachment isters received Orders to send Home the Detachment of the ordered to England. Royal Marines at present Stationed at Hobart Town by the first good opportunity to England, I am to desire you will, on receipt of this, inform Lieut. Breedon Commanding that Detachment that such Orders have been received, and that a Passage will be provided for himself and his Men by thefirst good opportunity that may occur for England at the Public expence, and that they are consequently to hold themselves in readiness to embark for Permission England at the Shortest Notice; directing Lieut. Breedon, at for married the same time, to acquaint the Noncommissioned Officers and marines to become settlers, Private Soldiers of the Detachment of Royal Marines that the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have been pleased to signify that they have no objection to Permission being granted to such of the Marines as are Married, have Families, and are Men of good Character, to remain in the Colony as Settlers; and that the same indulgencies, formerly promised to such Indi­ viduals of this Corps as might ultimately Settle in this Colony, will be. extended to them. You will be so good as to call for and transmit to me as soon as possible, a List of the Names of the Married Marines who are desirous of remaining in the Colony, Specifying the numbers their Families consist of. Passages for In the event of any good opportunity occurring by Whalers or marines. other Ships, that may happen to touch at the Derwent, bound direct for England, you are hereby authorized and directed, with­ out waiting for making a reference to me, to procure and engage a Passage, on the most reasonable terms you can obtain it, for Lieut. Breedon and such of the Soldiers of the Detachment of the Royal Marines now at Hobart Town, as may be desirous MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 467 of going Home; bearing in mind that this option is only confined 1812. to the Married Men; those who are not so not being permitted, 8Feb ' by the Orders of the Lords of the Admiralty, to remain in the Colony as Settlers. 28. In the event of a Lieut. Governor being appointed from instructions re Home for the Settlements on Van Diemen's Land, which there ,arIYal of a •n ii n-i n heut.-governor. is reason to expect will soon be the case; and in the event of his arrival at Hobart Town direct from England, withoutfirst touch ­ ing here, you are hereby authorized, as soon as you have delivered over charge to him of that Settlement, to proceed as soon after­ wards as you may find it convenient, either by Sea or by Land, to take the command and Charge of the Settlement of Port Dalrymple; the present Commandant of which will have Orders to deliver over Charge of it to you on your arrival there. 29. You will not fail to write me by every opportunity that Reports to be offers, to apprize me of the State of the Settlement under your submittedi Command. 30. The Major of Brigade will deliver you a Copy of the CMI_ General Orders* issued here by me since my return from Van appointments- Diemen's Land, containing some Civil appointments made in the Settlement under your Command. I have, kc, L. MACQUARIE, Govr. in Chief. [Enclosure No, 1.] INSTRUCTIONS for Major Andrew Geils of the 73d Regiment, Com- instructions to mandant of the Settlement of Hobart Town on the River Andrew Geils- Derwent in Van Diemen's Land. BY His Excellency Lachn. Macquarie, Esqr., Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Territory of New South Wales, and its Dependencies, etc., etc., etc. Sir, Having, in my Government and General Orders of the Appointment as 31st of last Month, appointed you to be Commandant of the commaric'a"t Settlement of Hobart Town in Van Diemen's Land, and re­ posing especial trust and confidence in your Zeal,fidelity, Judg­ ment, and abilities for discharging the Duties of that important Office, You are hereby directed to follow and be governed gen­ erally by the following Instructions, or such further orders and directions as you may from time to time receive from me, or from the Officer Commanding in Chief in this Territory for the time being, for your future guidance. 1st. You will embark immediately on receipt of these In- To embark on structions on board the Ship Ruby, Chartered by Government to shipRuby ' proceed with you, the Officers and Soldiers, and Convicts, Specified * Note 230. 168 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. in the Margin,* to Hobart Town on the River Derwent in Van 8 Feb. Diemen's Land, and set sail for that Port as soon after your Instructions to Embarkation as possible. Andrew Geils. Appointment 2. The Judge Advocate will deliver you a Precept, containing as magistrate. my appointment of you as Justice of Peace and Magistrate throughout the whole of Van Diemen's Land, in order to qualify you to act as such not only in the Settlement of Hobart Town, but also at that of Port Dalrymple should any occasion require it. Assumption 3. Immediately on your arrival at Hobart Town, you are to of command. announce your appointment to Capt. Murray, the present Com­ mandant, and assume the Command of that Settlement, in virtue of the powers with which you are hereby vested, pub­ lishing my General Orders of the 31st Ultimo, for the informa­ tion of the Civil and Military and other Inhabitants of the Settlement, appointing you Commandant thereof. Survey of 4. As soon as you have publickly announced yourself in Orders public property as Commandant of the Settlement, you are to order a Committee of Officers to be immediately assembled for the purpose of taking a regular and exact Account and Survey of all Naval and Mili­ tary Stores, Provisions, Spirits, Grain, and Cattle, belonging to the Crown, and now in the Settlement of Hobart Town or its Dependencies; of which Survey you are hereby directed to trans­ mit to me an attested Copy by the earliest opportunity. Accounts to be 5. You are to signify to the Officer whom you relieve at Hobart settled by J. Murray. Town, that he is to settle and close all his Public Accounts, of whatsoever description, up to the day of his delivering over to you the Charge of the Settlement; and you are consequently to give Public Notice to the Inhabitants, that you will not hold yourself responsible for any Debts, or Demands whatsoever, that they may have against Government for Grain, Meat, or other Articles delivered into the Stores, or for Work done for Govern­ ment, prior to the date of your assuming the Command of the Settlement. Stock and 6. As the increase of Stock and Grain are of the utmost im­ grain. portance to the Settlement over which you are to preside, you are to adopt and pursue such Measures as may appear to you best calculated for producing this effect, and particularly to restrain any wanton or extravagant destruction of Live Stock or Grain. Purchases of provisions. 7. For Such Purchases of Grain and Animal Food, as you may have occasion to make from the Settlers, or other Individuals residing within the Settlement, the Deputy Commissary is to

* Marginal note.—2 Ensigns, 1 Serjt., 1 Corpl. and 14 Soldiers; and Eighty Male Convicts, for the use of the Government and Settlers. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 469

grant his Receipts until the end of the Quarter, when they are 1812. to be consolidated and Bills drawn by him for their Amount on 8 Feb- the Commissary at Head Quarters; which Bills must be vouched instructions to and approved by you, after you have compared them with the Deputy Commissary's Accounts of Purchases. For the Grain and Animal Food, Purchased for the use of Government in the Settlement, you are not, on any account, to pay more than Ten pricest 0 be Shillings per Bushel for Wheat; nor more than Ninepence Pr. paid for 1. n -m- -ni i -r- provisions. Pound for Beef or Mutton or Pork; nor more than 1 our pence per Pound for Kangaroo Flesh, should you at any time be reduced to the necessity of Purchasing Meat of the description. 8. You are not to engage Shipping, or enter into any Contracts Contracts. for the Supply of Cattle, Grain, or Provisions, from any distant Place or Foreign Market, without previously submitting the same to me, and obtaining my approbation of such Engagements or Contracts, unless in cases of the utmost emergency, which it is expected will rarely occur, and then you are to take especial care to make such Contracts on fair and reasonable terms, and not for a larger supply than may be absolutely required. 9. You are on no account to draw Bills on the Lords of the Treasury at Home, nor to correspond with any of His Majesty's Ministers, on Public Business, without my Permission. Your Salaries. own Salary, as Commandant, will continue, till further orders, to be the same as hitherto allowed to the Officer Acting as Lieu­ tenant Governor of Hobart Town, namely, Four Hundred and Fifty Pounds per Annum, and which is only to commence from the day of your assuming the Command of that Settlement. Your Salary as Commandant will be included in the General Estimate of this Government, and will be paid to your order by the Commissary at Head Quarters Annually, Half Yearly, or Quarterly, as you may prefer drawing it. The other Civil Officers at Hobart Town, whose appointments have been made or con­ firmed from home, will continue to draw on the Colonial Agent in England for their Salaries in the same maimer as heretofore. 10. The Officer, commanding the Detachment of the Royal Subsistence Marines now at Hobart Town, will also continue to draw his own for tro°Ps- and the Men's Subsistence in the same Manner as heretofore by Bills on England. The Subsistence of the Detachment of the 73d Regt. now stationed at Hobart Town, you will of course direct to be drawn for Monthly on the Paymaster at the Head Quarters of the Regiment at Sydney. 11. You will not fail by all proper methods to enforce a due observance observance of Religion, Morality, and good order, throughout of religion. the Settlement under your Command; and you are to take the necessary steps to ensure the due and regular Celebration of 470 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. Public Worship on Sundays at Hobart Town, and also at the 8 Feb. Dependent Settlements as often as circumstances will permit, Instructions to the resident Chaplain to visit them; taking particular care to Andrew Geils. prevent, by every possible means, any profanation of the Sabbath Encouragement by idle and profligate People. You will give every encourage­ of marriages. ment and facility in your power to the Celebration of Marriages; and you are to direct the whole of the Mechanics and Labourers Muster of in the Service of Government to be regularly Paraded and mus­ convicts for tered (as at Head Quarters) every Sunday morning at Hobart church. Town, and marched to Church, under the direction of the In­ spector of Public Works, who must invariably attend these Musters, and report all absentees to you, in order that they may Vital be Punished. A Quarterly Return of all Marriages, Births, and statistics. Deaths, within the Settlements under your command, must be regularly transmitted to me; as also a Return of such Male or Female Convicts as may abscond or run away from the Settle­ ment. Conciliation 12. On your arrival at Hobart Town, and during the continu­ of natives. ance of your command, you are to use every means in your power to conciliate the good will and friendship of the Natives, en­ joining all Persons residing within your Jurisdiction to live in amity and kindness with them; and all acts of violence against them, or interruption given them, in the exercise of their several occupations, are to be Punished according to the degree of the offence. Public works. 13. You are to pay particular attention to the state of the Publick Works and Buildings, of whatsoever nature, belonging to the Crown, in the Settlement under your command, taking care to keep them in suitable good repair; And whenever any additional Works or Buildings shall, in your opinion, become absolutely necessary, you are immediately to report the same to me, with a full description of their use and extent and of the probable expence of erecting or constructing them; but you are on no account to commence erecting any Publick Buildings with­ out previously obtaining my Sanction for so doing. Applications 14. All applications made to you by Free Persons or Emanci­ for land pated Convicts, for Lands or Cattle, must be transmitted to me, and cattle. accompanied by your own observations on the Merits and Claims of the applicants, and Specifying the number of their Family or other well founded Claims they may have to indulgencies from the Crown. [Paragraph 15 was a repetition of paragraph 15 on page kk6.] Port 16. You are hereby strictly enjoined to pay due attention to regulations. the Standing Orders of Government, as expressed in the 33d and 34th Articles of the Port Regulations,* approved and confirmed by

* Note 231. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 471 me, under date the 1st day of October, 1810. It is highly neces- isi2. sary, and essential to the welfare and prosperity of the Colony in s _elj; ceneral, that the Orders contained in the two Articles of the Port instructions to , HIT iiii -i i • • n Andrew Geils. Regulations above alluded to should be strictly and rigidly en­ forced; and you are therefore particularly directed not to suffer p0rt or Sanction any departure or deviation from them by allowing resulatl0ns- any Ship or Vessel from India, China, Europe, America, or Affrica, to enter or discharge any part of her Cargo at the Settle­ ment under your Command, without previously having obtained my Sanction and authority for so doing, unless the Wants of the Settlement should be of so very urgent a nature as to render it absolutely necessary to make Purchases of Provisions for the immediate use of it. Herewith you will receive a Printed Copy of the Port Regulations for your further guidance and in­ formation. 17. Should any Ships or Vessels, belonging to Foreign Powers Relief for at amity with His Majesty, put into the River Derwent in distress1.11 distress, you will relieve their immediate wants as far as your means will admit of, so 'as to enable them to come to Port Jackson for such repairs and Supplies as they may stand in need of; but you are on no account whatever to spare them a greater quantity of the Provisions and Stores, which may be at your disposal than may be deemed sufficient for the above purpose. 18. You are to afford every assistance and Protection in your Encouragement power to the Private Colonial Vessels that have my permission to ofse a ing' Navigate in Basse's Straits, and on the Coasts of this Territory, including Van Diemen's Land, for the purpose of procuring Seal Skins and Oil. 19. In order to prevent by every possible means the escape of Precautions any of the Convicts from the Settlement under your command, convicts?° you are to take particular care that all Clandestine Communi­ cation with the Possessions of the East India Company, as well as with China and the Island? in the South Sea, to which any intercourse has been established by any European Nation, should be prevented as far as can be done. 20. You are also expressly commanded not to allow any Vessels Prohibition f 8 or Small Craft to be built in any part of the Settlement under °f ye^eis" your command, either by Indivduals residing in it, or by Foreigners, without a written Licence previously obtained from me for that purpose. 21. As there is no Patent* for holding Civil or Criminal Courts Criminals to be in the Settlement of Hobart Town, all Persons, who may be tTsVdney™1 guilty of serious Crimes or Misdemeanours, are to be sent to be tried by the Courts of Civil or Criminal Jurisdiction at Sydney, 'by such convenient opportunities as may offer for conveying them

* Note 186. 472 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. to Head Quarters, accompanied by the necessary Evidences. All 8 Feb. Crimes not Capital, and all Petty or Slight offences or Misde­ Instructions to meanours, will of course be tried and Punished by a Bench of Andrew Geils. Magistrates, which you are hereby authorized to assemble as often as you may see occasion for so doing. Courts martial. 22. You are authorized by the Articles of War to try Soldiers for Petty Offences, either by Garrison or Detachment Courts- Martial, approve the Sentences thereof, and carry the same into execution without any reference to me. But should any Officer or Soldier of your Detachment be guilty of a serious Crime or Capital Offence, and which you may deem afit Subject for the investigation of a General Court Martial, he must be sent by the first convenient opportunity to Head Quarters, accompanied by the necessary Evidences, to stand his Trial before a General Court Martial here. Police. 23. You are to establish and enforce as good a System of Police in the Settlement under your command as your Means will admit of, with the view to preserve the Peace and tranquillity of it; and you are to exert yourself to the utmost in exciting the Inhabitants to habits of Religion and Morality, honesty, Sobriety and in­ dustry. Returns to be 24. You are to send me regular Quarterly Returns and States transmitted. of the Settlement under your orders by such opportunities as may occur; in which must be specified the Quantities of Pro­ visions remaining in Store, the quantity and quality of all Pro­ visions Purchased during the preceding three Months, and the number and description of Persons Civil and Military, including Convicts, who are victualled at the expence of the Crown. Alienation of 25. On the Subject of the Horned Cattle and Sheep belonging government to the Crown at the Settlement of Hobart Town, I have only live stock. to observe, in addition to the orders contained in the 6th Para­ graph of these Instructions, that none can be alienated to Indi­ viduals without Permission from me being previously obtained, and that too much attention cannot be paid to the increase and Preservation of the Horned Cattle, especially as occasional Dis­ tributions will be made from them to such deserving Persons as may hereafter be permitted to become Settlers at the Derwent. The Stock of Government Sheep, however, at the Derwent being now reduced to so very small a number, it is useless to keep it up any longer; you are therefore hereby directed to abolish this Species of Stock entirely, distributing the few Sheep that now remain, belonging to Government, amongst such Settlers as may wish to Purchase them. You are to transmit me regular Quarterly Returns of the Horned Cattle belonging to the Crown with your other Publick Quarterly Accounts. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 473

26. In distributing the Slop Clothing to the Convicts in the 1812. Service of Government at Hobart Town, it must be clearly ex- s Feb' plained to them that they are liable to be Punished for giving instructions to away or selling any part of them, and that they must be particu- . . ' larly careful of such Clothing, Shoes, or Bedding, as may be to convicts. issued to them from time to time from the King's Stores. The same caution ought to be given them with regard to their Pro­ visions, and that they are equally liable to be Punished for selling any part of them. 27. You will take care to apprize the Deputy Commissary at commissary Hobart Town that he is not, on any account, to draw Bills, on withTydney?3*6 the Lords of the Treasury for any Purchases he may have occa­ sion to make on account of Government; neither is he to corre­ spond with them, nor with any of the other Public Officers at home on the subject of his Publick Accounts, all of which must be regularly transmitted to the Commissary at Head Quarters, conformably to the Instructions he has already received from that Officer. 28. I must recommend to you in the strongest manner to Economy to observe the strictest and most rigid economy in the expenditure be Practised- of the Publick Money, Stores, and Provisions, at the Settlement under your command; and that you will most carefully avoid putting Government to any useless or unnecessary Expence of any sort whatsoever. 29. All such Duties and Taxes as may be Collected and levied Police fund to on Goods, Merchandize, Spirits or Wines, regularly authorized be estaWlsned- to be imported and sold at the Derwent, are to be formed into a P.ublic Fund, and to be denominated " The Police Fund of Hobart Town"; a Quarterly Return and Account of which is to be made out and regularly transmitted to me, stating the Re­ ceipts and Disbursements during the preceding three Months. From this Fund is to be paid all fair expences incurred on Expenditure account of the Police Establishment, and also the Salaries of all fromiund ' such Colonial Offices and Appointments as are not provided for in the Parliamentary Estimate. But should the Police Fund thus established prove inadequate to pay these Salaries, they will be paid from the General Police Fund of the Territory, some time since established at Sydney. 30. On the death or suspension of any Civil Officer on the Appointment of Establishment of the Settlement under your command, you are oml offlcels- hereby authorized to appoint a proper Person to act and execute the Duties of such office until my pleasure shall be known, re­ porting to me with the least possible delay such death or Sus­ pension, and your reasons for resorting to the latter Measure. 474 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. 31. I have now only to add that, in case of your Death or 8 Feb. absence from the Command of the Settlement of Hobart Town, Instructions to it is my pleasure that the Command charge of the Settlement Andrew Geils. shall devolve on the_ Officer next in command and seniority to Provision for yourself, present on the Spot at the period of your death or vacancy in command. absence, until a regular Successor to you is appointed by me after the Vacancy has been officially notified to me; which the Officer next to you in rank is hereby directed to do with the least possible delay. I have, &c, L. MACQUARIE. Head Quarters, Government House, Sydney, 8th Feby., 1812. [Enclosure No. 2.] Schedule of SCHEDULE of Spirits to be allowed Annually, at Government annual allowance Price, to the following descriptions of Persons in the Service of spirits. of Government, and Licensed Publicans, in the Settlement of the Derwent: Vizt. To Officers Civil and Military, including Magistrates; Each Fifty Gallons. To Superintendants, Store-keepers, Principal Clerks, Head Constables, School-Masters, and Jailors; Each Twenty Gallons. To Overseers, Subordinate Clerks, and Constables; Each Ten Gallons. To Licenced Publicans; Each Thirty Gallons. L. MACQUARIE. Government House, Sydney, 8th Feby., 1812.

MAJOR GEILS TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. • May. 28th April, 4th, 5th, and 6th May, 1812. [Copies of these four despatches are not available.]

CAPTAIN MURRAY TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE.

5 May. 5th May, 1812. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

EARL OF LIVERPOOL TO CAPTAIN MURRAY OR THE OFFICER COMMANDING AT HOBART TOWN. IS May- Downing Street, 19th May, 1812. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page k89, volume VII, series I.] MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 175

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO CAPTAIN MURRAY. isi2. (Despatch marked " Private and Confidential," per brig Active.) 1 e' Sir, Sydney, 1st June, 1812. I have received your Letter dated the 5th of last Month, to Despatch which I have directed the Secretary to write you an answer, in aeknowle(Jsed- as far as it relates to Public business. I am sorry it is not in my power any longer to address you, Sir, in a familiar or friendly Manner. The late very extraordinary and highly unjustifiable Step you Criticism of have adopted, of taking back and living with your wife, after conducty S being yourself the Publisher to the World of her shameful and abandoned conduct justly forfeits the good opinion, respect, and friendship of not only myself, but also of all your Brother Officers and other Persons here, who were formerly acquainted with you; and it is therefore impossible they can ever receive you again into their Society; Neither can you expect that your Brother Officers can be inclined any longer to do Duty with you in the 73d Regiment. They have not yet made any application to me on this head, but I have no doubt they will soon do so, unless they should learn that you intend quitting the Regt. as soon as you can. I would therefore strongly recommend to you Resignation to lose no time in sending in your Resignation through the recommen e • regular channel of Lt. Colonel O'Connell, Soliciting Permission to sell your Company; which, tho' (I believe) you did not Pur­ chase, His Majesty may perhaps be graciously pleased to allow you to sell in consideration of your long Services. At all events, I promise you, that Lt. Col. O'Connell and myself will do all we can to move His Royal Highness the Com'r in Chief to grant you leave to sell your Company. In case you should afterwards prefer remaining in Van Die- men's Land, in preference to going Home, I shall have no objec­ tion to allow you to become a Settler there with ^some few in­ dulgencies. I am, kc, L. MACQUARIE.

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO MAJOR GEILS. (Despatch marked "Private and Confidential," per brig Active.) Dear Major, Govt. House, Sydney, 1st June, 1812. I have had the pleasure of receiving your several Letters, Despatches pr. the Cyclops and Atalanta Brigs, of dates 28th April and aok™wledscd- 4th, 5th and 6th May, and was sincerely glad tofind tha t your­ self and Family had arrived safe at the Derwent, and that you had had so quick and pleasant a Passage thither. I am extremely sorry that so very soon after your assuming the Command of the Settlement of Hobart Town, you should 476 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. prefer requests to me of so very unreasonable a nature as to 1 June. compel me, from a sense of Public Duty, not only to express my Refusal of disapprobation of, but likewise to reject and negative entirely. I request for cattle and land allude to your application for grants of Land and Cattle for your grants for Children, which, if I complied with, I should be most justly and children of severely censured for by His Majesty's Ministers, to whom I am A. Geils. obliged to render an annual account and Return of all Grants of Land and Cattle made to Individuals in the Territory subject to my Government, and assign my reasons for so doing; and surely. you must in common candour allow I could give no satisfactory reason for giving your Six Children 3,000 Acres of land with a liberal Proportion of Cattle! I certainly do. wish yourself and Family sincerely well, and would be happy to extend any reason­ able kindness or indulgence in my power to confer on them; but I have Public Duties, paramount to all considerations of Private friendship to perform, which I am bound in honor, and by my Oath, to discharge and rigidly adhere to, as long as I have the honor to govern this Territory. It is therefore quite impossible for me to comply with your request in behalf of your Children for Grants of Land and Cattle. You may remember we had a long conversation on this Subject, once we rode down together from Parramatta to Sydney, when I expressed my regret and inability to give or offer to yourself any Grant of Land, being precluded from so doing by my Instruc­ tions; but that I would have no objection to give Mrs. Geils or your Children, a Grant of Land with some Cattle, once you were settled in the Command of either Hobart Town or Port Dal­ rymple. I do not know whether I made myself perfectly under­ stood to you on that occasion; but I certainly never did mean to give Mrs. Geils herself, and also your Children Separate Grants of Land, and, on afterwards considering and turning this Subject in my mind, I conceived it would be the better plan and more conformable to my own Regulations to give Mrs. Geils a hand­ some Grant in her own name, which she might hereafter be­ queath, in any manner she thought proper, to her children; it being entirely contrary to the Rules I have laid down for my own conduct to give Grants of Land at all to Children excepting in very peculiar and particular cases, where humanity might dictate and warrant partial deviation from this Rule (as for in­ stance in the case of Capt. Murray's Son!); and to this Rule I have hitherto invariably adhered and shall continue to do so as Land grant for long as I govern this Country. I certainly did promise you a Mrs. Geils. Grant of 1,000 Acres of Land for Mrs. Geils, with a proportion of Cattle. Instead of 1,000, I have no objection to increase that Grant to 1,200 acres, which is equal to 200 acres for each of MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 477

your Children, in case she chuses to bequeath and divide it isi2. amongst them so, at her demise, or at any time previous thereto. xJune - With these 1,200 Acres of Land, I shall allow Mrs. Geils 12 Cows cattle for and 4 Working Oxen (including however the Two Cows you received at Sydney) from the Government Herds, on a credit of three years, and to be then paid for in kind or in Money; and for 'which you and Mrs. Geils must execute the usual Bond to the Commissary. This is in fact making Mrs. Geils a Present of the Caftle so assigned her. I have no objection to Mrs. Geils's Grant Land grant. of Land being divided, if you still wish it, in two or three distinct Places, but I should prefer her taking it in one Place; and it must be perfectly understood it is not in the least to interfere with any Lands Granted or located to other Persons by me or by any other regular constituted authority. There is another request you have made, which I am sorry to Request to say, is equally unreasonable with that already adverted to of ^rnment Grants of Land, etc., for your Children, which is your appli- house. cation to Purchase the present Government House at Hobart Town. This request is of course totally inadmissible. It will not perhaps be possible to build a proper new House for the Comdt. or Lt. Govr. at Hobart Town for these three years to come; and, even after such House is erected, the present one will be required for some Public Office, or for other Government Pur­ poses. At all events, I make it a rule not to sell or dispose of any Government Building, as long as it can be made useful for any Public Purpose. I think you have been rather premature in Purchasing Lands at Hobart Town, and wishing to have Mrs. Geils' Grant measured out at Reisden Cove, as it is highly probable you will not be Rumoured p f many months Commandant at the Derwent, there being a cur- T D^veTas' ° rent report (which I am afraid is well founded), received here.lieut.-governor. lately by the arrival of the Ships Clarkson and Mary from England, that a Major Davie* of the Marines has been appointed Lt. Govr. of Van Diemen's Land, and that he may be expected to arrive in this Country in the month of July or August next. In this case, you will of course have to proceed to Port Dal- Prospective rymple, and therefore I should certainly recommend to you to ^ofS.0' take Mrs. Geils's Land there in preference to Hobart Town. I think it is also highly probable that the 73d Regt. will be sent on to India in Twelve or Eighteen Months more, which will necessarily remove you at all events from every part of Van Diemen's Land, unless you should determine on quitting the Army entirely and becoming a permanent Settler there; but, in case you have no such intention, I really think it imprudent to lay out much Money in Improvements on any Lands you may

* Note 232. 47S HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. have already Purchased in the Country, or on those Mrs. Geils 1 June. is to receive a Grant of from me. I ought however to apologise for offering you any advice on such a Subject, as, you must of course be a much better Judge, than I am, of what is most con­ ducive to your own advantage and that of your Family. Cows given I am sorry you so easily acquiesced in Capt. Murray's demand to son of J. Murray. for the Six Cows for his Son, as I did not mean to give them to the Boy till after his Land wasfirst measure d out for him; and Trustee to be then I intended to appoint a Trustee for him to take charge of appointed for the Land and Cattle, so as to preclude the possibility of the land grant. Father's disposing of either, or appropriating them to his own use. This must however still be done before he gets the Grant of 600 Acres of Land I promised to give the Boy eventually; and I should wish to appoint Lt. Gunning Trustee for him, if he will be so good as to accept that Office. Settlement I am very glad to find you were able to accommodate the of dispute Differences between Capt. Murray and Mr. Fosbrook, without between J. Murray and bringing either to a Genl. Court Martial, before which Tribunal L. Fosbrook. I fear, a great deal of matter would come out not very creditable to either Party. I am much afraid they are both very deficient in Principles of honor and integrity, and am thence inclined to think the conduct of the Dy. Commissary requires to be strictly and narrowly watched. As to Capt. Murray, he has completely ruined himself by this last most disgraceful mean and low step of taking back his abandoned Wife, and for which must quit the Regt. immediately. I shall write him by this opportunity recommending to him to send in his Resignation without loss of time, soliciting Permission to sell out, which I shall recommend his being allowed to do in as strong a manner as I can, notwith­ standing his not having Purchased his Company. Mrs. Macquarie intends writing to Mrs. Geils by this oppor­ tunity if her Health will allow her to do so; but she has been so very ill and is still so exceedingly weak, that I am doubtful whether she will be able to execute her intention. She unites with me in the meantime in best regards to yourself, Mrs. Geils and the other Branches of your Family. I remain, Dear Major, Yours very truly, L. MACQUARIE.

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO MAJOR GEILS. (Despatch per brig Active.) Sir, Government House, Sydney, 1st June, 1812. Despatch 1. I have had the pleasure of receiving your Dispatch of acknowledged. date 5th May, with its several accompanyments, Pr. the Brig Atalanta, which arrived here on the 19th Ultimo. I had also MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 479 the pleasure, some few days before, of receiving your Letters of 1812. date 28th April, Pr. the Brig Cyclops, announcing your arrival : June- at Hobart Town on the 19th and your assumption of the Com- Despatch mand of that Settlement on the 20th February last. ' acknowledged. 2. The Several arrangements you made, and the Orders you issued on that occasion, appear well calculated to improve the present State of the Settlement, in pursuance of the Instruc­ tions you were furnished with by me. By these Instructions, Breaches of however, you were not authorized to permit any Ship or Vessel I11,tructlons- to enter or Sell any part of her Cargo at the Derwent; neither were you authorized to draw or make any requisition for any Government Cattle from Port Dalrymple. But, in consideration of your Motives being good in these two instances of departure from my Instructions, I approve now of both Measures on the grounds of their expediency; at the same time enjoining a Strict observance of my Instructions in future in regard to not per­ mitting any Vessels entering their Cargoes at the Port of Hobart Town but in Conformity to those Instructions. I must also strictly enjoin you not to make any more requisitions for Draughts of Cattle from the Government Herds at Port Dal­ rymple, withoutfirst applying to me and receiving my permission so to do. 3. As you state that there is much danger and difficulty in Protection of v e ment maintaining and preserving tho Herds of Government Cattle at f°t t ie" the Derwent from the Depredations of the Natives and European Bush Rangers, infesting that part of the Country the Cattle graze in, it becomes expedient to adopt immediate Measures to prevent their further destruction, and consequent loss to the Crown. I therefore authorize you to sell off and distribute Sale of cattle amongst such deserving Settlers, as may wish to receive them, the authorized- whole of the Government old Male and Female Cattle now at the Derwent, with the exception of two of the best Bulls, and the 40 Cows and 24 Working Oxen you lately received from Port Dalrymple, which I wish to be kept- and preserved for forming the foundation of a future Government Stock at Hobart Town, conceiving it will be an easy matter to take care of and prevent depredations from being made on so small a number. 4. The Cattle, thus Sold to the Settlers, are to be valued by a Fixation of Competent Committee, as was done on occasion of the last Dis- sale price' tribution that took place; but, as the Prices then fixed on the different Species of Cattle appear to be much under their real value, no more than Eighteen months' credit must be given to any Settler who may chuse to Purchase those now ordered to be Distributed, the Depy. Commissary taking their Bonds for the Cattle on the foregoing terms. I was well aware that the 480 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. Government Stock of Sheep was greatly reduced in number and 1 June. nearly extinct, as you will see by a reference to the 25th Paragraph of my Instructions, and on that account directed the few remain­ ing Sheep to be sold, and that Species of Stock entirely abolished as an useless Expense to the Crown. Supply ol 5. I do not think there is any reason for your being appre­ meat. hensive that Mr. Kent will not supply the King's Stores with Fresh Meat from the Herds and Flocks he has recently Pur­ chased from Individuals at the Derwenf, as his declining or for­ bearing to do so will Strongly militate against his own private interest, and be the means of his forfeiting all claim to his receiving any indulgence from Government for the time to come. At all events, I shall do all I can to send you Sufficient Supplies of Salt Meat from hence to preclude the necessity of your having recourse to that pernicious practice of Supplying the Stores at Hobart Town with Kangaroo Flesh, which bad Practice must never be revived if you can possibly avoid it. You must on no Prohibition of account permit Mr. Kent to erect or build a Slaughter House onifa^roo1156 on Kangaroo Point, as the Ground will be required hereafter for point. various Government Purposes, and cannot therefore be granted or Leased to any one. Condemnation 6. I was much concerned to learn that the Wheat, you found in store3^1" the King's Store at Hobart Town, was so much damaged and destroyed by the weavil as to occasion so great a quantity of it to be condemned; at the same time, I entirely approve of the mode you have adopted of appropriating the damaged and worst parts of it to the feeding of the Government Cattle, and of your having Sold the rest that was notfit to be kept any longer in wheat to be Store. I am glad tofind th e Settlers at Hobart Town have had storeVedlnt° suc^ goocl- an(* abundant Crops this last Harvest; I fear, how­ ever, it will be impossible for you. to receive into the King's Stores the quantities of Wheat they would wish you to receive from them, it being absolutely requisite to reserve room for that expected from Bengal by Mr. Williams, whose arrival at the Der­ went may now be daily expected. By him you will certainly receive a large Supply of Wheat, Sugar, and Spirits on account of Government. I was very much pleased with your having Persons struck Struck off the Stores so many bad Women and idle undeserving off victualling Persons lately, which was a very Salutary and necessary Measure, it being a gross imposition on Government to be at the enormous expence of Victualling such worthless characters; and I have to request that no Persons of the same description may be kept on the Victualling Books. 7. I approve, under the pressing circumstances of the case, of your issuing Bedding to the Detachment of Marines, tho MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 481 certainly no such indulgence was intended for them. It is neces- 1812. sary to be extremely cautious how you issue the Slops and Bedding 1June - sent down with you in the Ruby, which were entirely intended issue of for the Norfolk Settlers and the Convicts actually employed at bedding.an Hobart Town in the Service of Government, not including those Convicts you carried down with you, as they were completely clothed immediately previously to their Embarkation. As you then received full as large a proportion of Slops and Bedding for Hobart Town, as the Quantity sent out here for the use of the whole Territory would admit of, you must make what you have got go as far as you possibly can, as no further Supply can be sent you from hence for twelve months to come, none being ex­ pected to arrive here from England sooner, and perhaps not for 18 months. 8. It is equally impracticable to furnish you at present from scarcity of hence with more Male Convicts, or Artificers of any description, mechanics. the demand being so great at Head Quarters for all kinds of Mechanics as to render it impossible to Spare you any. A fair proportion of Mechanics was sent with you, which with those already at Hobart Town ought to be equal to carry on your Public Works there. I am sorry I cannot approve of your having retained so many of the Convicts, sent down with you in the Ruby, in the immediate Service of Government. I must Labouring therefore request that your Working Gangs of Labourers may be £a?ss *°be reduced, and that the whole of the Convicts then sent down (with the exception of the number Specified by me to be retained for Government) may be distributed amongst the Norfolk Island Settlers, in order that the long protracted promises of Govern­ ment to those People may be at length fulfilled. 9. The Several Articles of Stores, you have transmitted me a shipment of Demand for, in as far as the State of the Stores at Head Quarters p^fon! will admit of, together with a Supply of Salt Provisions for the use of the Settlement under your Command, will be sent you on board of the Brig Eagle, which leaves this in about a fortnight hence for Hobart Town, there being no room for them in the Brig Active now about to Sail for that Settlement. By the Lagle also, I shall endeavour to send you a Spy Glass, and Bunt­ ing to make Colours for the Signal Post of Mount Nelson; and- you will receive at the same time a Copy of our Signals at Sydney. 10. I shall with great pleasure transmit Home to the Lords of Memorial the Admiralty by the earliest opportunity the Memorial* from aXetaent?' the Detachmt. of Royal Marines now doing Duty at the Derwent, and who wish to remain as Settlers there, recommending in the strongest manner I can, that the Prayer of their Memorial may SER. III. VOL. 1—2 H * Note 233. 482 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. be granted. In the meantime, I shall take upon myself the 1 June. responsibility of allowing them to remain in the Country even after an opportunity may occur of sending Home those, who Marines to are so inclined. The few that are so, I am anxious to send to return to England as soon as possible under the Command of Lieut. England. Breedon; and, should any direct opportunity occur from the Derwent for this purpose, you will not fail to avail yourself of it, agreeably to my former Instructions on this head, referring the Comr. of whatever Ship you may send them Home in to the Commissioners of the Transport Board for their Freight or Passage Money. Barracks to 11. I hope you will not lose any time in setting about building be erected. the Barracks (on Barrack Hill) for the accommodation of the Detachment, with Kitchens and a Small Military Hospital, after youfinish the additions and repairs now making to the Church and the Government House for your own accommodation. By the Eagle, I shall transmit Elevations and Ground Plans for the New Barracks for both the Officers and Men of the Detachment. The Materials of the Barracks began by Lieut. Wright will serve in part for erecting the intended new ones. These Barracks, and also a new Civil Genl. Hospital and new Gaol, mustfirst be erected and completely finished before any new Government House is attempted to be built. When there is time and means Site for for doing so, "Macquarie Point" appears certainly the most government eligible Situation in the vicinity of Hobart Town; and I have house. no doubt Mr. Fosbrook will readily relinquish as much of his ground on that point as may be required for the use of Govern­ ment on receiving a fair and reasonable equivalent for the same. Revd. R. 12. I have received the Revd. Mr. Knopwood's Letter, Solicit­ Knopwood's ing an augmentation of Salary, which I shall transmit home to request for increased the Secry. of State by thefirst opportunity , recommending his salary. application to Lord Liverpool's favorable consideration. I have Resignation also received Mr. Humphrey's Letter* tendering his Resignation of A. W. H. as Mineralogist, which I have accepted; and he must therefore Humphrey. cease to draw any Pay or allowances as such from the 30th of the present Month, which ends the present Quarter, and to which effect he will be written by the Secretary by the present oppor­ tunity. I shall have no objection to allow Mr. Humphrey, and his Family, after he marries, to be Victualled as a Settler for 18 months from the 30th of the present month of June. Approval of I approve of your having accepted Mr. Clarke's Resignation, staff changes. and of your having appointed Mr. Nichols in his room as Super­ intendent. I also approve of your having dismissed John Gunn, and appointed Kelly (the free man) as Master Boat Builder in his room. I am very sorry it is not in my power at present to

* Note 234. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 483 send you from hence a good Tradesman of this last description, 1812. no such being to be spared. But until you can be provided with such a Person from hence, you have my permission to employ any Man in this Department that you can procure on reasonable terms. As you are in so much want of Convict Mechanics and Postponement Labourers at your Settlement, I shall postpone granting any more pardon*.0 Absolute or Conditional Pardons to Persons of this description now there till January next. Ref sa 13.1 have received the Memorial* of the Inhabitants of Hobart " ^*° t Town on the Subject of opening that Port, and I request you the Derwent will assure them that I shall have great pleasure in complying for trade- with their request as soon as circumstances will admit thereof; but at present it is entirely out of my power to do so to the extent they wish it, tho' I trust it may not be very long before I can grant their request in part. They however seem to forget that, if I were to grant their request to the full extent, that the Mother Colony of Port Jackson would become entirely dependant on the small subordinate Settlement of the Derwent for all their principal Supplies from England, India, etc., etc. 14. As soon as I receive from you and the Comdt. of Port Proclamation

Dalrymple the Lists of the Names, etc., of the Bush Bangers, or re bushrangers. absconded Europeans at both the Settlements, I shall issue a Proclamation on the Subject, and adopt such measures as may appear adviseable to induce them to surrender themselves to the Mercy of Government, or otherwise their being hunted down and extirpated by force of arms as the last alternative. 15. You have omitted to send me the copy of the Indents* of indents of the Convicts who originally arrived from England with Colonel ships'caieutta Collins at the Derwent, which Copy I understand is there, and and 0cean- the Original Never having been received here from Home; great inconvenience and perplexity have arisen therefrom; you will therefore not fail to transmit a Counter-part of the Copy you have got by thefirst good opportunity. 16. Capt. Murray has omitted to send me- the Accnt. of the Accounts oi Police Fund of Hobart Town up to the period of your assuming pollcefund ' that Command; you are therefore to call on him to do so immediately, and to transmit it by the earliest opportunity, accompanied by the necessary Vouchers in Support of the several charges therein stated. Until this Account shall be received and approved by me, no Bills of Capt. Murray's relative thereto will be honored here. I am greatly at a loss to conjecture how so very large a Balance as £500 can be due on that Account for Salaries, etc., as there was a Balance of £121 3s. 3d. of Credit in favor of the Fund after all Salaries, etc., had been paid on the 23d of

* Note 235. 484 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA..

1812. Novr. last, when I was down at the Derwent, to which period 1 June. the Account was regularly made out-and delivered to me agree­ ably to the Orders I issued on that occasion. Complaint of 17. Herewith I transmit you Copies of two Letters I lately R. W. Loane received from Mr. Loane, together with a Copy of the Proceed­ against J. Murray. ings of a Bench of Magistrates held at Hobart Town previous to your arrival there, relative to a night attack made by some of the Soldiers on Mr. Loane's House in the month of Deer. last. These Papers come to me in the form of a complaint against Capt. Murray, whose conduct certainly appears highly repre­ hensible in releasing the two Soldiers committed by the Bench of Magistrates without making any further inquiry into the Circumstances. Mr. Loane also complains of not having yet received Payment for some Meat he had turned into, or rather prepared to turn into the Store by orders of Capt. Murray, and which afterwards delivered to the Officers by desire of the Depy. Commissary, as Rations, and consequently became a Debt against the Crown. I request you will have these two Complaints in­ vestigated, and call on Capt7 Murray and the Commissary to afford immediate redress to Mr. Loane respecting the debt due to him from Government for the Fresh Meat alluded to, reporting to me the result of such investigation by thefirst opportunity. Censure of 18. I sent for Mr. Walker, the Master of the Cyclops, on his master of arrival here and reprimanded him for his highly improper con­ brig Cyclops. duct when last at the Derwent. He however denied having sanctioned the Woman mentioned in your Letter being Secreted on board the Cyclops, or her having gone on board with his knowledge. This assertion of Walker's was also corroborated by Mr. Mattinson himself, whom I sent for to speak to on this Subject, and he assured me that Walker was not to blame in this business at all. Surveyors to 19. The great pressure of Duty I have had to employ the Sur­ be sent to veyor on here for some time past, in consequence of the recent Tasmania. arrival of several new Settlers from England, has hitherto prevented my being able to send him down to Van Diemen's Land as I intended long since, in order to remeasure all the old Grants, and mark out the new ones intended to be given there now. But it is my intention to send down Mr. Meehan and his Dy. Mr. Evans, in about 8 or 10 days hence, on board the Lady Nelson to Port Dalrymple, where they are instructed to com­ mence their Surveys, and, when completed there, they will pro­ ceed overland to the Derwent, and in their progress thither they will be instructed to mark out the Road* for Travellers. 20. You will be apprized by the accompanying General Orders that I have placed the Settlement of Port Dalrymple as a

* Note 236. MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 48f>

Dependency on and subordinate to that of Hobart Town from the ™^. 30th of the present Month, agreeably to Instructions recently alr rm le received to that effect from His Majesty's Ministers. I have f0°£° ' P recalled Major Gordon and Capt. Kenny to Head Quarters in ^^^^l°f the same Orders, and have appointed Capt. Ritchie to command at Port Dalrymple after Major Gordon's departure. This arrangement, however, is not to alter the present mode of carrying on the various Civil and Military Duties at Port Dalrymple nor to interfere with the Returns and Accounts to be transmitted to Head Quarters by the Commanding Officer and Commissary Quarterly as heretofore; nor is it to entitle you to any additional Salary or allowance beyond what you now receive as Commandant of Hobart Town, there being no authority for so doing in the Instructions I have recently received; nor do I imagine it is intended to give the increased Salary to any one holding the temporary Command, but reserve it exclusively for the Lt. Governor to be appointed and commissioned by the King. You will, however, be at liberty to call on the Officer command­ ing at Port Dalrymple for such Reports and Returns of that Subordinate Settlement, as may be necessary for you to possess, in order to enable you to ascertain the resources and occasional wants of it. Capt. Ritchie will of course be directed, in my Instructions to him, to make Reports to you of all occurrences at the Settlement under his Command necessary for your in­ formation. 21. You will not fail to transmit me Quarterly Reports of the number and description of Mechanics and Labourers employed in the Service of Government at Hobart Town, specifying how employed during the Quarter, and the description and quantity of Work performed by them. I have, &c, L. MACQUARIE. [Enclosure.] [A copy of these orders will be found on page 623 et seq., volume VII, series I.]

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO MAJOR GEILS. (Despatch per brig Eagle.) Sir, Government House, Sydney, 20th June, 1812. 20 June. 1. By the Brig Active, which Sailed from hence for the Despatches Derwent on the 15th Instant, I sent you a Dispatch, dated the acknowledged. 1st of the present Month, replying fully to your Dispatches under dates 28th April and 5th of May; and I have therefore little more to add in this than to inform you that you will receive per the Brig Eagle, now under dispatch for the Derwent, the Several 486 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. Articles of Stores Tools and Implements, you transmitted to me 20 June. a Demand for in your last Dispatch, together with as large a Shipment of Supply of Salt Provisions for the use of your Settlement as the stores and Eagle could conveniently receive on board. The Commissary provisions. will transmit to you by this opportunity Returns and Bills of Lading of all the Stores, Provisions, etc., etc., now Shipped on board the Eagle on account of Government. Telescope and 2. You will receive, along with the other Stores, a very good signals for Telescope, or Spy-Glass, for the use of the New Signal Post use at Mount Nelson. ordered to be established on Mount Nelson at Hobart Town, together with a new Set of Colours, and a quantity of Bunting to make additional Signals, or other Colours that may be required for the use of the Settlement. Plans for 3. Agreeably to my promise in my last Dispatch, I now trans­ barracks. mit you herewith The Ground Plan and Elevation of the Bar­ racks, I have ordered to be built on Barrack-Hill, at Hobart Town, for the accommodation of the Officers and Men of the Military Detachment Stationed there, inclusive of a Small Mili­ tary Hospital to be built contiguous to the Barracks, either in their rear, or on the left Flank next the Rivulet. The Barracks for the Soldiers are intended to accommodate from 140 to 150 Men, and those for the Officers are calculated for 1 Captain, three Subalterns, and one Assistant Surgeon, having two distinct Kitchens and Necessaries, in case of some of the Officers being Married. Barracks to 4. I must request you will not lose a moment of time in be erected. commencing to build these Barracks for both Officers and Sol­ diers (but beginning andfinishing those of the latterfirst) a s soon as you havefinished the repairs of the Church, and the additions and repairs you are now making to the House of the Commandant. The Military Detachment, hitherto stationed at Hobart Town, have been long extremely badly and uncomfort­ ably lodged from want of regular Barracks, and it is now high time they should be better accommodated. Private of 5. By the Eagle, I send down Richard Rowell, Private, belong­ marines per ing to the Detachment of Royal Marines at Hobart Town, and brig Eagle. who had been Servt. to Lieut. Lord for some time past, but who now wishes to join his Detachment. The Commissary has Shipped Twenty one Days' Provisions for him on the Eagle; the Commander of which Vessel must return the overplus, if any, on his arrival at Hobart Town to the Dy. Commissary there. Marines to be 6. In case Lieut. Breedon and the few Men of the Detachment sent to Sydney. of R. Marines now at Hobart Town, who are desirous of return­ ing to England, prefer coming up to Sydney to wait here for an Opportunity of obtaining a Passage thither, to remaining at MACQUARIE TO GEILS. 487

Hobart Town for that purpose any longer, I authorize you to 1812. take a Passage for and send them hither on the Brig Eagle, 20June - on her return from the Derwent, which She intends doing im- Commissary mediately after disposing of her Cargo there. accounts™ 7. I omitted in my last Dispatch to direct you to call on Mr. Fosbrook, the Dy. Commissary, to Make out Regular Accounts from his Books of all Outstanding Debts owing to the Crown from Individuals, whether present, absent, or dead, during the time he has acted as Dy. Commissary at the Settlement of Hobart Town, under the administrations of the late Lt. Govr. Collins, Lieut. Lord, and Capt. Murray respectively. A Copy of this Account is to be delivered to and kept by you; another must be sent through you to me, and a third Copy by Mr. Fosbrook to the Actg. Commissary General here. From such Officers or other Persons as are now alive and residing at the Derwent, Mr. Fosbrook must be instructed to demand and recover Payment of their Accounts; and the accounts of those deceased, or who have returned to England, are to be transmitted Home by me to the Secretary of State to receive his orders thereon. I have, kc, L. MACQUARIE.

SECTION B. [In this section, the general and garrison orders issued by lieutenant- governor Collins between 8th August, 1804, and 1st January, 1810, are printed consecutively; see page 522 et seq. The summary of land grants and leases, 1804—1812, will be found on pages 567 and 568.]

MR. ROBERT BROWN* TO LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PATERSON. Sullivan Cove, R. Derwent, 1^04. My Dear Sir, 4th March, 1804. i March. It is now about two Months since I wrote you by the Frances, schooner, from Kent's Group, where we had the mis­ fortune of being detain'd three weeks by contrary winds; a very few days after the date of my letter we saild for Port Dalrymple, visit to Port which we reach'd on the 1st of Jan'y; there we remaind till the DalrymPle' 18th, which gave me sufficient time to examine its shores, and to make a few excursions into the country. The whole number of Plants observ'd in this Port did not much indigenous exceed 300, of which about 40 were new to me and I believe p an s nondescript. From Port Dalrymple we had a short passage to Port Phillip, where we staid but a few days. It being determin'd to remove the colony to the Derwent, and the Lady Nelson being detaind to carry the Settlers, I continued in her, and after a passage of ten days anchord in Risdon Cove. Arrival at Govr. Collins who arrivd in the Ocean a few days after, find- e erwen' ing Risdon not the most eligible place for a settlement, has encamp'd on the basks of a small, but apparently constant stream site selected of water, which empties itself into the second Cove below Stain- lor settlement. forth's on the same side-of the River; the settlement at Risdon remaining in every respect as he found it, till Govr. King's pleasure is known. The spot pitch'd upon by Govr. Collins — possesses some advantages over Risdon, especially in having a constant and ample supply of water and in the much greater facility with which goods can be landed or taken on board; as to the land capable of cultivation, it does not appear to be either better or more extensive. You may believe I am anxiously waiting for an opportunity to* carry me back to Port Jackson; for the season is so far advanc'd,

* Note 53. 490 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. and the ground in the vallies and even hills so much burnt, that i March. without ascending the more distant mountains I cannot hope to make many botanical acquisitions; on the highest Mountain in Plants collected the neighbourhood, which in height as well as form strongly re­ on Mount sembles the Table Mountain of the Cape, I have been twice, and Wellington. on it have observd upwards of 40 plants, which (except my friend Lechenault has anticipated me, and I have some reason to think he has not), are new, and some of them are very singular. Both at Port Dalrymple and here I have found the tree which produces the Winter's bark. In the animal kingdom I have made no acquisitions; the Pheasant is here, but I have not been able to shoot one; of the supposd Beasts of prey* of the French I have neither seen or heard anything. At present I live on board the Ocean, where I have every Proposed accomodation I could wish for; on her return to Port Phillip I residence at intend going to Risdon, where, by the politeness of Mess'rs Mount­ Risdon cove. garret and Moore, I can have a small house, and live much more retird than it is possible to do with the larger colony. On my return to Port Jackson I shall be able to give you more satisfactory information concerning the Natural History of this part of Van Diemans' Land. Preservation In the meantime, as my stay has already been protracted much of specimens. beyond what I expected, I begin to be very uneasy about my specimens! left at your Serj't-Major's, and take the liberty of re­ questing you will have the goodness to inspect one or two of the parcels, and to direct, if you think it necessary, frequent (tho' not very large)fires to be made in the room where they are, and that they may be occasionally mov'd and replac'd to prevent the depradations of Mice, etc. Regarding the plants to be sent in the Calcutta, I have nothing to add to the contents of my former letter, and, indeed, I have little hope of this reaching Port Jack­ son before her departure; on which account I have not sent to Sir Joseph, but have only inclos'd to your particular care one letter to my Mother, in case an opportunity should offer before my return. Remember me in the best manner to Mrs. Paterson, and believe me, etc., ROBERT BROWN. P.S.—Pray remember me kindly to Mr. Bauer,% tell him I often wish for him here, but at the same time cannot help envying him •his situation at Port Jackson. If there is any paper for me on board the Calcutta, I beg he may use it till my return. R.B.

Note 237. t Note 23 % Note 239. WARRANT FOR MAGISTRATE. 491

GENERAL ORDERS APPOINTING MAGISTRATES. 1804. 17 March. Sydney, 17th March, 1804. [A copy of these orders, appointing Reverend Robert Knop- Appointment wood, William Sladden, and George Prideaux Harris justices ofof magistrates. the peace, will be found on page 79, volume V, series I.]

ORDERS GIVEN BY LIEUT.-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO JOHN MERTHO.* 19th March and 28th July, 1804. 19 March. [Copies of these two orders will be found on pages 151 and 152, orders given , T7 • T i to J- Mertho. volume V, series l.\

GENERAL ORDERS ISSUED BY GOVERNOR KING CONTROLLING COMMUNICATION WITH TASMANIA. 24th March, 1804. 24 March. Ti. copy of these orders will be found on page 62k, volume IV, Regulation of L . T -, communication. series i.J

WARRANT APPOINTING WILLIAM SLADDENf A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. 26 March.

NEW SOUTH WALES. By His Excellency Phillip Gidley King, Capt. General and Appointment of Governor in Chief in and over His Majesty's Territory of magistrate. New South Wales and its dependencies, etc., etc., etc. KNOW you, by virtue of the powers vested in me, I have assigned you, Lieut. Wm. Sladden, Royal Marines, of this territory my Justice of the Peace, and for the preservation thereof and the quiet rule and Government of His Majesty's people within the Island of Van Diemen's Land and Islands of Bass Straits within the said territory. Given at Government House, Sydney, the 26th day of March in the year of our Lord, 1804. P. G. KING.

AGREEMENT FOR IMPORTATION OF CATTLE TO TASMANIA. 19th May, 1804. 19 May. [Copies of these papers will be found on pages 640 and 641, Agreement re volume IV, series I.] importation 3 J . __ of cattle. CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS RELATING TO THE CHARTERING OF THE SHIP LADY BARLOW. June-July, 1804. —June. [Copies of these papers will be found on pages 20 et seq., 153, charter of ship and 156, volume V, series I.] Lady Barlow-

* Note 18. t Note 65. 492 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. GENERAL ORDERS ON COURT MARTIAL OF MUTINOUS SOLDIERS FROM RISDON COVE. i Sept. 4th September, 1804. Court martial [A copy of these orders will be found on page 270, volume V, on privates. series I. J

WARRANT FOR BARTER OF MARE FROM LIEUTENANT BOWEN.

Barter of LIEUTENANT BOWEN, late Commander at Risdon Cove on Van mare with Dieman's Land, having represented that he left a veryfine Mare J. Bowen. in Charge of Lieutenant Governor Collins, which cost him £120 at this place previous to his taking her to the Derwent, and re­ questing me to allow him an equivalent for her, if necessary to be retained there for the purpose of breeding. And, as such an Animal will be a great Acquisition to Government at that place, You are hereby required and directed to cause Four Cows to be given Lieut. Bowen, One remove from the Bengal Breed, taking his specific receipts for the same, One of which You will transmit to Lt. Govr. Collins, For which this shall be Your Order. P.G.K.

LAND GRANT TO HENRY HAYES OF HENRIETTA FARM. 1805. 18 Dec. 18th December, 1805. Land grant [This document, and another dated 1806, were land grants by to H. Hayes. Governor King on the usual printed forms in use at that period. In Tasmania, the grant was endorsed, " Registered in the Lieut. Governor's Office, Sam'l Warriner, clerk." A summary of the land grants in Tasmania issued by the governors at Sydney will be found on page 568.]

1806. ESTIMATES FOR CIVIL ESTABLISHMENT FOR THE YEAR 1806. Civil [A copy of these estimates will be found on page 693, volume estimates. V, series I.]

INVOICE OF PROVISIONS ON SHIP SOPHIA. 4 Jan. Sydney, 4th Jany., 1806. Provisions per INVOICE of Provisions, Ship'd on board the Sophia, Mr. Willm. ship Sophia. Collins, Master, for the Use of H.M. Settlement at the Derwent. 1,350 bus. Nett Maize at 4s £270 0 0 J. PALMER, Corny. To His Honor Lt. Govr. Collins, etc., etc., etc. RETURN OF STORES, ETC. 493

ACCOUNT of Stores, Provision, Stock,* etc., furnished from His 1806. Majesty's Stores, Sydney, New South Wales and Norfolk 15 March. Account of Island for the Settling and Maintenance of the New Settle- stores, stock, ment at Hobart Town in the Derwent from 26th Novr., 1803, HobarUown. when Lieut't Govr. Collins took Command of that Settle­ ment, to 15th "March, 1806. £ s. d. Amount of Stores sent from Govt. Stores at Sydney. 66 17 Ii

Provisions supplied from Sydney. & s. d. Wheat 1,464 Bus'ls Government Stores @ 7/6 549 0 0 Maize 1,309 „ Do „4|- 261 16 0 Flour 143,786 lbs. Do came from England „6d 3,594 13 0 Biscuit .... 293 , Government Stores.. @ 35| cwt. 4 11 61 Pork 91,235 Do „ 8d. 3,041 3 4 Sugar. 20 , Do „ 6d. 0 10 0 3,540 , Bro't by Lady Barlow 4 6 4 Grain .. 592 •Do ... * 0 19 Spirits 433 Gallons purchased from Eliza 173 4 7,630 3 4|

Provisions supplied from Norfolk Island. Pork 46,812 lbs -) purchased from Settlers ( @ od. 975 17 6 Maize 200 Bushels V and supplied froni-1

Stock Supplied from Sydney. Sheep... 12 No From Government Stock. @ 40s. 24 0 Hogs ... .12 Do 18 0 Stallion . 1 from Calcutta by Buffalo. ,, 71 6 Mares ... Do £43 3s. 6d. 129 10 Bull 1. from Government Stock 40 0 Cows ... 140. from Calcutta by Lady Barlow @ £21 2,940 Bullocks „ Government Stock £40 240 Live Pigs .. 62 1 Do 8d. 237 4 8 Weighing 7,117 lbs. Rams 2 No.. Do 133s. 13. 6 0 3,430 10 8

Slock supplied from Norfolk Island Ewes 148 No. .. from Govt. Stock @ 40s. 296 0 0 Cows 4 Do .£28 112 0 2 Do .£40 80 0 0 488 0 0 * Note 240. 494 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. ACCOUNT of Stores, Provision, Stock, etc., furnished from His 15 March. Majesty's Stores, Sydney—continued. Account of stores, stock, Freight of Lady Barlow with Stock, Provisions, and Stotes to Hobart pr. £ 8. d. etc., sent to Agreement 800 0 0 Hobart town. Do of the Ship Ocean for removing the Settlement 3,896 2 0 Freight of the Pilgrim Schooner, vizt.— £ s. d. Wheat Meal 7,500 lbs Govt. Stores.. @ 2d. 62 10 0 Sugar 1,577 Do ....7£d. 49 5 Rice 1,985 Do ....3d. 24 16 3 Nails 10 in Do 3 13 3 One Set of Bills of Exchange on the Right Honble. the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury 259 14 10J 400 0 0 Lieut. Bowen in Exchange for his Mare, retained by Govr. Collins 4 cows. 120 0 0 Freight of Sophia for 26 women and 1 man to Hobart and Provisions, etc.. 199 9 9

In continuation Amount of Stores and Provisions sent to Hobart from the 15th March to 26th July, 1806. Pr. Venus To Pork 11,184 lbs @8d. 372 16 0 schooner which was „ Flour 1,400 „ .... „3d. 17 10 0 run away with pre­ ,, Do English. 2,016 „ .... „6d. 50 8 0 vious to the Delivery ,, Barley Meal ... 1,658 , 2id. 17 5 5 of her Cargo „ Rice 600 „ Id. 2 10 0 by her own Crew. ,, Iron Hoops.... 264 in No ,, Stock Lockes.. 2 „ No 2/6 0 5 0 460 14 5 I To Wine 4 Pipes and 5 Cases 396 15 0 18th April Do 1 Pipe and 1 Case for Hospital. 63 15 0 pr. King George. Pork 12,232 lbs 407 14 8 Iron Hoops .. 157 No

4 8

July 26,1806, pr. Pork 8,400 lbs,. 8d. 280 0 0 Estremina Schooner. Beef 8,400 lbs 8d. 280 0 0 Spanish Meal .... 3,850 8Jd. 132 6 lOi Wheat Do .... 3,507 6d. 87 13 6 Maize 144 Bushels.. 6s. 43 4 0 Bags 35 9d. 1 6 3 824 10 7|

£21,645 15 lOf WARRANTS. 495

WARRANT TO COMMANDER OF BRIG LADY NELSON. 1806. -r> j. 20 July. By, etc. __•' AN Exigency* of His Majesty's Service requiring that the foj^vmons promptest Measures should be adopted to Supply H.M. Settle­ ment at Hobart Town, Van dieman's Land, with provisions, And You havingfitted the Estremina Schooner with great Expedition, And it being necessary to insure the Safety of that Vessel and the certainty of the Supplies reaching Hobart Town, which the Superior Sailing and Stowage of the Estremina ensures; You will, therefore, procure all the running Rigging belonging to the Lady Nelson, and Secure that Vessel under the Care of His Majesty's Ship Buffalo, And consider Yourself and the Crew of His Majesty's Armed Tender Lady Nelson as lent to navigate the Estremina, and proceed without a Moment's loss of time to Hobart Town and deliver, to Lieutenant Govr. Collins's Orders, the provisions and Stores, You have on board for that Settle­ ment. But, should Supplies have arrived from England at Hobart Town, You will not deliver those Articles; On which Subject, I have wrote* to Lieutenant Governor Collins. But, if You deliver the Cargo, You will receive from the Agents of Henry Kable such quantities of Oil as the Vessel can stow with Convenience And without detention, when You have received Lieutenant Governor Collins's Dispatches. You will also receive on board such persons, as Lieutenant Governor Collins may wish to send and as the Vessel can take with Safety. And, on Your return, If it can be done without loss of time, Stop at Cape Barren, where You will receive on board Robert Charles, should he be inclined to come, with such Skins as the Vessel can stow belonging to him without causing any detention. On Your return to this port, You will send the Commissary an Account of the Oil and Skins that he may charge the proprietors with the Freight thereof by paying an equivalent in Oil into His Majesty's Stores at this place. Given, etc., 20th July, 1806. PHILIP GIDLEY KING.

MEMO, TO MR. COMMISSARY PALMER RE FREIGHT ON MAIZE. 12 Aug. e n for As the freight of the 1,350 Bushels of Maize put on board the ^™ t *n Sophia for the Use of the Settlem't at the Derwent, is not paid, ship Sophia. and it appears by the Master of that Vessell's Vouchers, and Lieut. Govr. Collins's acknowledgement of its receipt, that the Service was performed, You will liquidate the Claim for the said Freight Amount'g to £101 5s. Od. Sterl'g by deducting it from the Owner Mr. Robt. Campbell's Govt. Debt. 12th Aug., 1806. P. G. KING.

* Note 241. 496 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

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SEE. III. VOL. I—2 I 498 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. WARRANT FOR THE PURCHASE OF CAPTAIN SLADDEN'S HOUSE. 1 Sept. 1st September, 1806. Purchase [A copy of this warrant will be found on page 5k7, volume VII, of house of series I.] W. Sladden.

Expenditure STORE ACCOUNT* PAID BY CAPTAIN SLADDEN FOR MATERIALS FOR by W. Sladden ERECTING A HOUSE. on erection of house. Capt'n W. Sladden To Mr. Fosbrook, D'y Comm'y. Dr. 1804. £ 8. d. Novr. 2302 To 56 lbs. Yellow Soap (a) 12id. 2 18 6 JanyOct. . 3104 „ 19J Gallons Port Wine @ 12s. Id. 11 15 7 Feby. 20 12 do. „ 7 5 0 Apl. 19 14 do. „ 8 9 2 July 18 9 do. „ 5 8 9 » 23 8 do. American Rum lis. 4 8 0 Aug'st 26 4 do. Port Wine 12s. Id. 2 8 4 ?? It 10 do. East I. Rum 13s. 6 10 0 Sep. 28 Cash 100 0 0 JJ j> 10 Gallons E. I. Rum 13s. 6 10 0 Oct. 15 9 „ Port Wine 12s. Id. 5 8 9 Novr. 3 13 10 „ E. I. Rum 13s. 6 10 0 10 „ do „ 610 0 4 Pieces narrow Tape 2s. 2}d. 0 8 10 1 Piece Russia Duck 37 yds. .. 2s. 2d. 4 0 2 19 1 do. White Callico 28 do. .. 194d. 2 5 6 Deer. 4 3 do. Ferret as. 6d. 0 16 6 j? JJ 1 lb. Pins 0 3 10 ?? 22 16 Gallons E. I. Rum 13s. 10 8 0 ?? » 6 do. do. 3 18 0 1805. 9 do. Port Wine 12s. Id. 5 8 9 Jany. 4 3 do. E. I. Rum 13s. 1 19 0 J, 15 15 lbs. Yellow Soap 12Jd. 0 15 7* ti 22 1Feb Gallon. . 5 E. I. Rum 13s. 0 13 0 Mar. 1 1 lb. Stone Blue 2s. 6d. 0 2 6 ?j JJ 10 Gallons E. I. Rum 12s. 6 0 0 V JJ 44 do. do. 26 8 0 JJ JJ 6 yards Russian Duck 2s. 2d. 0 13 0 JJ 4 1 pr. Women's Shoes 0 4 6 15 i lb. White Thread 7s. OJd. 0 3 6J 1 lb. Pins 0 3 104 28 Gallons E. I. Rum 12s. 16 16 0 8 yards Russia Duck 2s. 2d. 0 17 4 >','J , „ „ 56 lbs. Yellow Soap 124d. 2 18 0 June „ „ „ 8 Gallons E. I. Rum 12s. 4 16 0 JulMay 14 „ 10 do. do 6 0 0 „ „ 2 lbs. Worsted 4s. lOJd. 0 9 9 9 „ 10* Gallons E.* NotI. eRu 243m . 12s. 6 6 0 25 „ 14 yards Common Blue Cloth 8s. 6d. 0 12 9 12 „ 1 lb. Stone Blue 0 2 6 WINDHAM TO BLIGH. 499

STORE ACCOUNT paid by Captain Sladden for Materials for 1806. erecting a house—continued. 1 Sept. Dr. Expenditure - 1805. £ s?. d. by W. Sladden Aug. 2 on erection To 12 yards Russia Duck 2s. 2d. 1 6 0 of house. JJ 3 „ 212 lbs. Sugar lOd. 8 16 8 23 JJ JJ „ 14 yards Calico Check Is. 9d. 1 4 6 Sep. 12 „ 336 lbs. Flour 6d. 8 8 0 JJ JJ „ 56 lbs. Mottled Soap Is. Id. 3 0 8 JJ 23 Oct. 21 „ Cash 10 0 0 Nov. 16 „ do 20 0 0 17 JJ „ do 35 0 0 Deer. 6 JJ JJ „ 100 lbs. Flour 6d. 2 10 0 J? 31 „ Cash 20 0 0 u JJ „ 50 lbs. Mottled Soap Is. Id. 2 14 2 1806. Jany. 16 „ Cash 38 0 0 April 19 „ 25 lbs. Mottled Soap Is. Id. 1 7 1 May 14 „ 2 Dozens Shirt Buttons 3f d. 0 0 7\ „ 56 lbs. Flour 6d. 1 8 0 „ Cash 20 0 0 July 8 „ do 102 17 0 „ 35 Gallons Port Wine 10s. 4Jd. 18 15 4 Cr. „ 12 Dozen do 33s. 7d. £74220 43 00 1804. „ 3 Cows £25 7£5 s0. d0. Feby. 23 By„ 118 2Gallon lbs. Fress Ruh mPor atk Port Phillip Is. 6d. 94 60 00 Aug. 21 Sep. 30 „ Cas54h4 lbs. Kangaroo Is. 7207 04 00 Oct. 31 „ 1,339 „ do 66 19 0 1806. „ 392 do 19 12 0 From Feby. (,,2,495 do 8d.") to May ) „ 318 do Is. \ 122 17 0 June 1 „ 478 do ) July JJ (. „ 1,781 do 89 1 0 Aug'st „ 951 do 47 11 0 JJ ,,1,560 do 78 0 0 Septr. „ 132 Fresh Pork Is. 6d. 9 18 0 „ 554 Kangaroo Is. 27 14 0 „ 197 do. .- 9 17 0 £742 4 0 By Order on Lt. Lord 21 9 6 LEONARD FOSBROOK, D'y Commissary. „ Cash 208 15 6 By Order on Lt. Lord 4 0 0 THE RIGHT HON. WILLIAM WINDHAM TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. 1807. — January, 1807. — Jan. [This despatch related entirely to the settlement under lieu­ tenant-governor Collins; see page 81, volume VI, series I.] 500 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. RETURN of the Quantity of Ground in Cultivation by Settlers and 14 July. Van Dieman's Land, and the quantity of Stock Return oi agriculture and ]No . of Acres in live stock.

a 0*

eS 5* 03 t £ a cc a. r. p. a. r. p. a. r. p. r. p. r. p. r. p. The Crown 23 2 0 13 0 0 1 0 The Lt. Governor .... J. M. Johnson, Capt...... 0 2 0 2 "2 0 20 0 0 0 Edwd. Lord, Lieut. 0 10 Revd. R. Knopwood, 5 0 0 Chap 10 0 Leond. Fosbrook,Corny. W. I'Anson, Surg 2' "l 0 2 0 1) 2 0 0 M. Bowden Wm. Hopley G. P. Harris, Surveyr.. A. Humphreys, Min't.. Samuel Bate, J. A Settlers, viz. 10 0 4 5 15 3 0 J. Blinkworth 7 2 29 6 0 25 2' 025 0 0 T. Hayes 4 0 5 4 15 0 30 1 20 W. Cockerell 2 22 0 2 0 8 0 13 10 200j 0 2 20 R. Pitt 2 0 21 0 2 32 Jno. Dacres 0 i 2 2 0! 0 3 33 1 1 27 0 1 10 1 8 T. Issell 0 10 1 2 13 0 3 26 n 30 W. Nicholls 1 2 14 1 0 32 0 2 16 2 28 0 0 T. R. Preston 2 1 28 1 C 33 0 0 3 3 2 1 3 H. Hayes 4 2 0 2 2 0 3 20 R. Clark '6 0 45 0 90 202 '1 303 2 0 0 E.Millar M. Power 4 3 34 W. Parish 3 0 0 l"6' 0 J. Fawkener 2 3 25 2 3 39 3 0, 1 0 0 M. Hayes 2 0 12 1 0 25 1 6l 2 0 020 R. Morgan 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0' 0 0 3 0 T. Peters 20 0 0 2 0 Jno. Hansen M. Mansfield Jno. Ingle 0' 3' 8 l'"i'28 Thos. Williams 0 1 0 R. Littlejohn 0 2 0 S. Kelley 13 0 J. Gunn Fr. Shipman Store K... a'T 0 l"i 39 0 0 20 0 2 0 D. McCarthy 99 2 356 3 3 2 7 0 19I 10 3 25 2 2 20 3 0 10 0 Jno. Manby R. ColemaIncreasn e since last M. Mii-hallreturns , 6th April 3 3 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 J. Littlefleld Decrease Do 12 0 0 26 0 0 RET CRN OF SETTLERS. 501 others in His Majesty's Settlement Hobart Town, Eiver Derwent, 1807. on each allotment, respectively, 14th July, 1807. 14 July. Rt urn of Victualled or not a^ culture and Homed Cattle. Horses. Sheep. Swine. Goats. Victd. live stock. by Government. u 1 o a 2 CD OJ 03 U a "E CD a S OJ 03 ca. 2 CD i 01 -a it GO ea o GO ri Slips . c > > C be en t. u C 00 O -z •z "a "3 c CD 3*= "S • 1 CD 3 o O X 2 d I [4 o t c t * it £ o Females . Kids . O Sucklings . Femal e Rams . Wethers . { O > iz 0 0 1 O > > > T, 7 26 65 D6 0 5 1 5 11 70 141 36 43 .. 3 2 4 .. 1 .. 2 . 6 . 2 1 6 6 6 .. . 2 .. 4 1.. 4 . 22 6 14 1 1 30 100 i 60 1 1 5 , 2 2 1 . 6 .. 1.. 4 1 3 40 5 8 2 5 16 7 1.. 3 . 1 1 1 29 14 i . 1 4 .. .. 1.. 3 3 25 . i 3 1 80 1 4 8.. 1.. 4 . 3 1.. 2 . 3 2 1 1 .. 1 .. 3 2 1 .. . 3 2 2 1 1.. 3 . 3 4 2

. 3 1 2 1 4 10 7.. . 1 . 1 1.. 1 3 3 . 2 1 2 2 .. 1 5 1! 12 ' 1 .. 1 9 1 . 2 1 1 2 1 1 . 3 .. 1 .. 1 2 1 1 1 1 .. 3 2 1 .. 1 . 2 1 2 1 1.. 1 . 2 1 3 41 2 12.. 1.. 1 4 2 1 1 .. .. 2 . 2 18 1 .. 1 . 1 1 1 1 .. . 5 .. 1.. 1 2 10 1 . 2 2 4 1 .. 1 1 2 2 35 1.. . 2 1 1 3 4 5 . 1 .. 3 .. 1.. 1 1 . 2 1 1 10 1.. 1 1 : 2 , 3 2 1 3 5 2 2 1 3 14 .. 1 2 2 1 .! 1 i 7 15 4 .. . 2 . 9 .. 1.. 2 I 2 .! 1 i 27 ii 4 .. 1.. 1 . 3 2 . 2 2 25 1.. 1.. 1 . 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 ..15 . 1 2 1 i.. 1

i.. 2 1 10 1 2 .. 2 3 3 20 7 .. 1 .. 2 .. 7 6 1 1 7 1 .. i.. 1 1 1 f 98 98 79 8 1 5 22 165 611 87 163 2 12 9 19 4 20 28 109 9 33 .. 12 30 51

5 1 63 79 51 99 .. 6 3 19 . 71 3 14 1

' 22 1 . 1.. LEONARD FOSBROOK, Depy. Commissary. 502 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. DEPUTY JUDGE-ADVOCATE BATE TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS. 6 Kov- Hobart Town, 6th November, 1807. Request for [A copy of this letter will be found on page 76, volume VII, LebasVeL°e. »**** *•] CONTRACT MADE BY LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS FOR THE

1808. IMPORTATION OF CATTLE. „ , , T 14 June. 14th June, 1808. Contract for [A copy of this contract will be found on page 6k5, volume VI, importation cpripv T 1 of cattle. series 1.] LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR COLLINS TO CAPTAIN PORTEOUS. 26 June. 28th and 27th June, 1808. Correspondence [Copies of these two letters will be found on pages 16k and Porpoise.' 165, volume VII, series I.] LAND GRANT* TO JONATHAN TAYLOR. 27 Sept. By his Honor David Collins, Esqr., Lieutenant Governor of Van Land grant to Dieman's Land, and Lieutenant Colonel of the Royal Marine J. Taylor. Forces, etc., etc., etc. BOUNDARIES and measurement of a Farm of one Hundred Acres of Land, situate on the Eastern Side of the first Rivulet on the Southern Banks of the River Derwent, in the district of New Norfolk, Van Dieman's Land. Bearings. Distee. Back and Front S. 49° E. 18 Chains Sides N. 35° E. 55, 50 links Bounded on the N.W. by the River Derwent, On the S.W. by the said Rivulet (leaving a road way of one chain broad round the Margin of each) and on the N.E. and S.E. by Ground hitherto unallotted, and which Farm is to be known by the Name of Smallborough Farm. I hereby Certify that the Farm of One Hundred Acres above described is from henceforth to be considered as demised and Granted to Mr. Jonathan Taylor, now Chief Mate of the Du Buc, south sea Whaler, his Heirs and Assigns, and to be held and enjoyed from the day of the Date hereof, until a regular Grant and demise can be procured from his Excellency the Governor in Chief, subject to the usual Restrictions and regulations attached to Grants of Land in these Settlements. Given under my Hand at Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land aforesaid, this twenty seventh Day of September, 1808. Witness :-SAML. WARRINER. DAVID COLLINS' Lt Govr- The above is a true and attested copy of the Original Grant. Witness:—GEO. PRIDEAUX HARRIS, Magistrate and Depy. Surveyor General. » Note 244. HOPLEY TO CAMPBELL. 503

ADDRESS OF SETTLERS AT THE DERWENT TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. 1809. 21 Mav 21st May, 1809. [A copy of this address will be found on page 159, volume VII,settlers Addres. s from series I.]

SPECIMEN COPY OF MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE AND SUMMARY* OF MARRIAGES, BAPTISMS, AND BURIALS, 1810—1812. 1810. Hobart Town, 1st January, 1810. l Jan. [These papers will be found on page 656, volume VII, series I.] Marriage certificate and vita] . statistics. INVOICE of Provisions, shipped by John Palmer, Esquire, Com- 16 Feb missary on board the Brig Cyclops, Mr. John Nicholls, invoice of Master, for the use of His Majesty's Settlement, Hobart gripCycTopf Town, River Derwent. Sydney, New South Wales, 16th February, 1810. vizt. Beef—Sixty Tierces 31 Contg. 351 lbs. each Twenty thousand five hundred and 29 „ 336 „ „ Ninety five Pounds. Pork—Sixty Tierces 24 „ 342 „ „ Nineteen thousand Six hundred and 36 „ 318 „ „ Fifty six Pounds. Rice — 72 Bags Contg. Eleven thousand and two hundred Do. VV-heat—209 Do. Do. Thirty three thousand and Six hundred Pounds. Sugar— 11 Do. Do. Two thousand, two hundred and forty Pounds. With 720 Iron Hoops on the Casks and 292 Bags. JNO. PALMER, Commissary. ASSIST.-SURGEON HOPLEY TO SECRETARY CAMPBELL. Sir, Sydney, 12th March, 1810. 12 March. I beg leave to request you will be pleased to submit The Transmission inclosed Memorial and Certificates for the concideration of His °f memorial. Excellency the Governor in Chief; and I would wish, if it does not appear to you improper, that His Excellency were acquainted with the Following circumstances; That, on leaving England, I brought out with me at my expence and under my protection Relatives of (my Wife's mother and her Family) the following circumstances,w - H°Plev- Mrs. Hobbs is the widow of Lieut. William Hobbs of the royal Navy, he died in actual service in consiquence of an injury he received by his zeal of H.M. Service, leaving a disconsolate widow and six Children, four Girls and two boys, with no other support than the Widow's pension of 30 pounds pr. annum; her eldest son was just appointed a Lieut, in the R.N.; his mother looked finaly up to him for assistance, but unhappily he was killed soon after in Egypt by a cannon Shot, whilst attacking a Fort. Just at this period, I was married to her eldest Daughter; and my Friends at the peace of Amiens advised my coming to New South Wales, and an application was made for an appoint­ ment; and, altho' they were allfitted up, yet in concideration of

* Note 245. 504 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. the services of my Family an additional Asst. Surgeon was 12 March. appointed to the establishment. I thought my mother in law Relatives of would be more comfortable with their small annuity in New W. Hopley. South Wales; consiquently I made application to Government, who readily consented and ordered her and her Family every attention and comfort agreeable to her deceased Husband's rank. I have the happiness to say her Daughters are all married to Officers of the Derwent establishment, and the mother comfort­ able and happy. I presume to mention these circumstances to shew that I have had a great deal of trouble and anxiety of mind, and I humbly trust His Excellency will concider these circumstances in my favour (Lt. Hobbs served with commodore Bligh); for my own Family, they have been in the public service for sixty years past. I have had two Brothers killed this war in the army, and the only remaining one now alive is serving in a Regt. of the Line as a Captain; for my own part, Sir, I have suffered every species of oppression, since I have been in New South Wales, tho' it is of all things most painfull to me to say anything to the prejudice of my superiors, it would be taking up to much time to recapitulate every circumstance that has involved me in this distress; but I have the satisfaction to feel I do not merit it. I have, &c, WILLIAM HOPLEY. [Enclosure No. 1.] THE HUMBLE MEMORIAL OF WILLIAM HOPLEY, Memorial of To His Excellency, Lachlan Macquarie, Esquire, Captain Gen­ W. Hopley tendering his eral, and Governor in Chief, of the Territory of New South resignation. Wales and its Dependances, etc., etc., etc., Respectffully Sheweth, That Memorialist humbly hopes your Excellency will be pleased to pardon the necessity for his again intruding and a second time troubling; but, from having fail'd in his application to be appointed to the first Assist't Surgeoncy, at Port Dal­ rymple, and his request otherwise to follow the purport of his Commission at this Settlement, his large Family obliging him to take immediate steps for their future support, most respectfully begs permission to state, That your Excellency's memorialist, from these circumstances. wishes to resign his appointment at the Derwent,finding it utterly impossible to support his large Family on his Salary. Therefore humbly and ernestly hopes your Excellency will be pleased to bring to remembrance memorialist services, prior to his appointment in New South Wales, The whole of which time in the most active Employment. Memorialist further presumes to hope your Excellency will be pleased to consider the many HOPLEY TO CAMPBELL. 505 difficulties, privations, and heavy expences, incident to the form- ISIO. ing an infant Colony, particularly in the case of the Settlement 12 March. em to which memorialist was attach'd. After remaining Twelve ^r °«aiof months at Port Philip, put to very great expences, the whole tendering his establishment was removed to van Dieman's Land. Those hard- resignatlon- ships fell particularly heavy on memorialist being the only Married Officer, and incumbered with a large Family, remaining near three years under damaged canvas, and at last obliged to build a House for his Family at a very great expence, no Bar­ racks being.even yet errected for Officers, nor any remuneration in lieu. That Memorialist, now wishing to become a settler, with the Request for greatest respect and submission, humbly solicits your Excel­ lency will allow him a grant of land (having never had any grant whatever), for himself and Children (as mentioned in the margin*), and such other indulgences, as your Excellency in your Wisdom and goodness may think proper to concider as a compensation for Memorialist services or otherwise, subject to such conditions, your Excellency may deem proper. Your Excellency's memorialist once more respectfully pre­ sumes to beg leave to call your attention to the concideration of his singularly distressed state, and humbly trusts your Excel­ lency, with your wonted benevolence and humanity, will graci­ ously be pleased to grant the prayer of his Memorial. And Memo­ rialist as, in Duty bound, will ever pray. WILLIAM HOPLEY, Assist. Surgeon. Sydney, 12th March, 1810. [Enclosure No. 2.] CERTIFICATES OF ASSIST.-SURGEON HOPLEY. Certificates cj;. -in favour of J IT * TT 1 We have examined Mr. William Hopley andfind hi m Qualified to act as Assistant Surgeon for the Territory of New South Wales. .We are, Sir, Your most Obedt. Servants, R. KEATE, Master; CHARLES BLICKE, Governors; Mr. CHANDLER, T. FORSTER, L. HOWARD, WM. LUCAS, J. EARLE, Examinrs. College of Surgeons, 2nd March, 1803. . Jno. Sullivan, Esqr., &c, &c, &c. . N.B.—A True Copy. The original was lost by the Clarke of the Gl. Hospital to whom I gave it to copy. COPY of Certificate from Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke, was given as a recommendation to the Secty. of State for Colonies. THESE are to certify to whom it may concern that Mr. William Hopley served on Board H.M. Ship Stag, under my Command, from April 1st, * Marginal nqte.—Age 9 years, Julia ; 6 Do., Richard ; 3 Do., William ; Hopley, Richard the First born Child in Settlement (see note 246). 506 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

isio. 1795, until the 2!>th of February, 1800, in the capacity of Surgeon's 12 March. Mate, during which period he conducted himself as a Zealous Good and Certificates able Officer in the Execution of the important duties committed to his in favour of rare, and is from ill health and other causes worthy the concideration W. Hopley. of those who have the good things of this life to bestow. Given under my hand, this 10th day of February, 1803. JOSEPH SYDNEY YORKE. THESE are to certify the Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Jvavy That Mr. William Hopley served as Surgeon on Board H.M.G.Y. Forester under my Command from March 1st, 1800, until March 3rd, 1S01; during which time, he conducted himself as became the duties of his situation and was discharged by order the Port Admiral into H.M. Brig Insolent, Given under my hand in Hammoze, this 3rd of March, 1801. THOS. CHAMBERS, Commander. A Copy. THESE are to certify the Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy That Mr. William Hopley served as Surgeon on Board H.M. Brig Insolent under my Command from March 3rd, 1801, until February 1st, 1S02; during which time he conducted himself as a good and worthy officer. Given under my hand in Plymouth Sound, this 11 of February, 1802. NICH'S KERTRIGHT, Lieut, and Commander. A Copy. N.B.ASSISTANT-SURGEO—The original CertificateN HOPLEs arY e TaOt alGOVERNOl times Rread MACOJARIEy of Inspection. . 21 April. Sir, Sydney, 21st April, 1810. Application I humbly presume to take the Liberty of informing your from W. Hopley to Excellency that I have by every means possible endeavoured resume duty. (both by myself and my Friends) to procure a passage in one of H.M. Ships, now about departing, without success; both Commodore Bligh and Captain Pasco observe that there is no provisions or room in the Ships for my Family, or every thing should be done to effect my wishes. The time, for which I had leave of absence (eighteen months), being almost expired, and no chance remaining now of my getting to England, likewise I find my health to have mended as not to prevent my doing Duty, I, therefore, respectfully beg leave to represent to your Excellency that I am now ready, with your Excellency's appro­ bation, to resume my situation at Hobart Town as second assist­ ant Surgeon to that Settlement whenever your Excellency may be pleased to direct my proceeding; and I feel a confidence that my conduct in the discharge of my duties will meet with the approbation of your Excellency and whom else I may have the Honour to serve under. I have, &c, WILLIAM HOPLEY. LEASE OF LAND. 507

LEASE OF LAND* TO JAMES GROVE. ISIO. BY Edward Lord Esquire, Commanding Officer of His Majesty's __!?' Settlement at Hobarttown, Kiver Derwent, Van Diemen's Lease ?f land 1 , ' to J. urove. Land, and first Lieutenant in the Royal Marine Forces, etc., etc., etc. I DO hereby acknowledge that the Allotment of Ground now in the occupation of Mr. James Grove at Hobarttown on the River Derwent, Van Diemen's Land, bounded on the front by a Public Road, on the Back by the Town Rivulet, on the East side by a Public Road, and on the West side by Catharine Kearney's Garden, containing — Acres, three Roods and 33 Perches, the Bearings and Measurement whereof are expressed in the Margin, is to be considered as demised and let unto the said Mr. James Grove for and during the Term of Fourteen years from the day of the date hereof, he paying or causing to be paid unto the Crown the Annual Quit Rent of Two Shillings and sixpence for the aforesaid piece of Ground. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and Sealf at Government House, Hobarttown, Van Diemen's Land, this 10th day of May, 1810. EDWARD LORD. Witness:—SAML. WARIUNER. Registered in the Commanding Officer's Office:—SAML. WARRINER. (Description in margin.) C. L. Front S. 70° W. 0 18 C. BacL. k S. 63° W. 2 44 East side ., N. 25° W. 1 30 N 0 W. 1 25 N. 32° W. 0.50 IN W. 140. West side.. 25°- W. 4 N. 00

ENDORSEMENTS ON BACK OF ORIGINAL. RECEIVED the 4 February, 1811, from Capt. Jno. Murray, One hundred Endorsements and thirty five pounds, Stg., in full consideration for the Premises on original. described in the within Lease, which I hereby make over to him with Every Advantage and Emolument appertaining to the same. Witness:—SAML. WARRINER. SUSANNAH GROVE. KNOW_ all Men by these Presents that I, John Murray, Captain in H.M. 73d Regiment, do hereby assign, transfer and set over unto Mr. Arnold Fisk, Master of the Brig Favourite, all my right, title, interest, claim and possession to the Land within, Leased for the term yet un­ expired, with every description of Building thereon erected and now in the occupation of Mr. Nathaniel Ayres, the said Arnold Fisk, his Heivs, Executors, Administrators or Assigns, to have and to hold the said Land and buildings, by virtue of the within Lease, he or they complying with the conditions thereof, I having received the Sum of One hundred and Sixty Pounds Sterling in full consideration for the same. As Witness my hand and Seal at Hobarttown, this 21st dav of January, 1812. j. MURRAY. Signed in presence of:—THOS* Note 244.. W. t BIRCHNote 247. . 508 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. LEASE OF LAND* TO MICHAEL LAWLER. 22 May. By Edward Lord, Esqre., Commanding Officer of His Majesty's Lease of land Settlement at Hobart town, Van Dieman's Land, and first to M. Lawler. Lieut, of His Majesty's Royal Marine Forces, etc., etc., etc. I DO hereby acknowledge that an Allotment of Ground, now in the Possession of Michael Lawler at Hobart Town on the River Derwent, Van Diemen's Land, Bounded on the South by the Public Road, on the Back by unallotted Ground, on the East by Thos. West. Crowder's Land, and on the West by George Hop- wood's Land, and containing two Acres, the Bearings and Measurement whereof are inserted in the Margin,f is to be con­ sidered demised and let to the said Michael Lawler for and during the term of Fourteen years from the day of the date hereof, he paying or causing to be paid unto the Crown the annual Quit Rent of Two Shillings and sixpence for the afore­ said piece of Ground. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and Seal at Government House, Hobart town, Van Diemen's Land, this 22d day of May, 1810. EDWARD LORD. Witness:—SAML. WARRINER. Registered in the Commanding Officer's Office:—SAML. WARRINER.

PORT REGULATION re landing of Cargo at Hobart Town. lOet. 1st October, 1810. Port [A copy of this regulation will be found on page 662, volume regulation. VII, series I.]

DEPUTY-COMMISSARY FOSBROOK TO CAPTAIN MURRAY. 25 Dee. Sir, Hobart Town, 25 Deer., 1810. Anonymous Several papers having appeared in different parts of the allegations Streets within these few days past, written in disguised Hands, against L. Fosbrook. ambiguously attacking my Public character^ as the Deputy Com­ missary serving under your Command, by insinuating that a Store Receipt had been drawn for a quantity of wheat that was not received into H.M. Stores; consequently if such a Trans­ action had taken place, there must be a deficiency to the amount of wheat remaining in Store, I enclose you the Storekeeper's return of what wheat should actually remain, and if you will be pleased to Order a Survey to be held on that Article of Provisions you will confer an Obligation on Sir, Your Most Obedient humble Servant, LEONARD FOSBROOK. * Note 244. t Marginal note.—Front and Back S. 15° W. 370; Sides N. 75° W. 570. % Note 248. FOSBROOK TO MURRAY. 509 [Enclosure No. 1.] 18!0. RETURN OF WHEAT RECEIVED INTO PUBLIC STORES. ""_ ec' From the 20th to the 30th September, 1810. wheTreLived Bs. into public Sept. 20th Reed, from Mrs. Ankers 180 Wheat Contd. in 70 Bags stores. „ 24 „ do. D. McCarty 86 do. 43 „ „ 26 „ do. do. 44 do. 22 „ „ 28 „ do." do. 30 do. 15 .., Total 340 do. COPY of Private Checks given to Ds. McCarty for the Receipt of the above on Mrs. Ankers' Account. B. V.D.L. Sept. 20th. Check for 180 Wheat „ 24 „ do. 86 do. „ 26 „ do. 44 do. ., 28 „ do. 30 do. 340 The Checks as above specified being cancelled on the Receipt for the above quantity of Wheat amounting to £204, being drawn in favor of Mrs. Frances Ankers and dated the 30th September, 1810. JOHN BROADHURST BOOTHMAN, Storekeeper. Hobarttown, V. D. Land. [Enclosure No. 2.J CERTIFICATE BY W. MAUM. I WM. MAUM, Assistant in the Stores at Hobarttown, do hereby certificate by certify that Dennis McCarty residing at New Norfolk, sent ^ •Maum- down to Hobart, a quantity of Wheat on account of Mrs. Ankers, amounting to upwards of Three hundred Bushels being payment for a Mare and other dealings, which Wheat was received into the King's Stores by the Storekeeper in the usual Manner in the month of Sept. last. W. MAUM. [Enclosure No. 3.] MRS. ANKERS TO * Sir, Hobart Town, 18 Sept., 1810. I received yours with thanks; I have spoken to Mr. Fos- instructions brook; he objects to your serving the Wheat at New Norfolk, and fp^nters. directs that the whole of the 340 Bushells may be sent down to the public store here, before the receipt is granted; if you will send it to the store this week, so that I may receive the Receipt in time before Capt. Bodid sails you will much oblige your Huml Sert., FANNY ANKERS.

* Note 249. 510 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. RETURN OF NOTES ISSUED BY CAPTAIN MURRAY. 1810-1813. Notes issued [A copy of this return will be found on page 41, volume IX, by J. Murray. series J ]

PAPERS RELATING TO THE PURCHASE OF MRS. GROVE'S HOUSE* 1811. — Feb. February, 1811. Purchase of [Copies of these papers will be found on pages UO and kl, house from volume IX, series I.] S. Grove.

RETURN of the Land in Cultivation, etc., the Quantities of Stock, etc. 21 March. Hobart Town, 21st March, 1811. Return of [A copy of this return will be found on page k2k, volume VII, agriculture and series J^ live stock.

CORRESPONDENCE RE INDEBTEDNESS OF LIEUTENANT LORD. — July. — July, 1811 indebtedness of [This correspondence will be found on page kk2 et seq., E. Lord to volume VII, series I.] government. ' J

GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ORDERS.-)- Head Quarters, at Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, 23 Nov. Saturday, 23d Novr., 1811. Parole Murray.—C. Sign Derwent. Returns and His Excellency the Governor and Commander in Chief, being arrived at accounts to be this Settlement for the purpose of inspecting it, directs that Captain L! Macquarie. Murray the Commandant will immediately call on the Heads of the Several Public Departments to make up and furnish His Excellency with the least possible delay, with the following Returns and Accounts: Vizt— 1st. A Return of all Public Buildings of whatever description, be­ longing to the Crown, already erected, or now in progress to be erected. 2d. A Return of small Craft and Boats of every description, the Property of the Crown. 3d. A Return of Ordnance, Ammunition, and Military Stores; and of Carts and Timber Carriages. 4th. A Return of the Government Live Stock of every description including Horses. 5th. A Return of the Quantity of Dry and Wet Provisions, of every description, now remaining in Store, inclusive of Spirits. 6th. A Return of the number of Persons now Victualled at the expence of the Crown in this Settlement; distinguishing the Free from * Note 250. fNote 291. those that are Convicts. GENERAL ORDERS. 511

7th. An Account of the Prices that have been paid since the 1st of 1S11 July last, up to the present date, for every description of Grain or 23 Nov. Animal Food, whether Fresh or Salt, as well as of Spirits, which have Eeturns pn(1 been Purchased on account of the Crown for the use of this Settlement, accounts to be 8th. An Account of the arrival of Vessels at, and Departures of i"bMaeqmiri0e Vessels from this Settlement, from the 1st of July last, up to the present date. 9th. An Account of the Duties and Customs collected at this Port from the 1st July last to this date, specifying the various receipts within those periods. 10th. An Account of the Police Fund of this Settlement, from the 1st of July last, up to this date inclusive; stating the various Receipts and Disbursements within those periods. The foregoing Returns and Accounts are, in thefirst instance , to be delivered to the Commandant, who will immediately on receipt of them submit them for the Governor's inspection. His Excellency the Governor and Commander of the Forces will Inspection of inspect the Troops on Monday next, the 25th Instant, at 11 O'Clock in p™^ and the forenoon on their usual Place of Parade. buildings. The Governor will on the same day inspect all the Public Buildings at Hobart Town belonging to the Crown. On Tuesday, the 26th Instant, His Excellency the Governor will visit Visit to the Several Farms at Newton and in the immediate vicinity of Hobart K^'s^Ak'5 Town; and on Thursday, the 28th Instant, he will visit and inspect the Several Farms in the District of New Norfolk. All Reports and Returns are to be continued to be made to Capt. Murray, Commandant of Hobart Town, as heretofore, during the in­ tended short stay of His Excellency the Governor at this Settlement, Captain Murray reporting to him such occurrences as he may deem necessary His Excellency should be made acquainted with. L. MACQUARIE, Govr. in Chief. By Command of His Excellency:—H. C. ANTILL, Major of Brigade.

GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ORDERS. Head Quarters at Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, Monday, 25th Novr., 1811. 25 Nov. Parole Ireland—C. Sign Dublin. His Excellency the Governor and Commander of the Forces has great Commendation pleasure in thus Publickly expressing his approbation of the clean and ot military. Soldierlike appearance of the Detachments of His Majesty's 73d Regi­ ment, and Royal Marine Corps, inspected by him this forenoon; and he requests Captain Murray will convey to the Officers and Soldiers his approbation of their appearance accordingly. His Excellency the Governor direct? the Deputy Commissary will issue of spirits. issue a Donation of Half a Pint of Spirits from the King's Stores, to each Noncommissioned Officer and Soldier of the 73 d Regt. and Corps of Royal Marines in this Garrison to drink His Majesty's and His Royal Highness the Prince Regent's Healths, on this occasion. _ „ L. MACQUARIE, Govr. in Chief. By Command of His Excellency:—H. C. ANTILL, Major of Brigade. 512 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1811. GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO DEPUTY COMMISSARY FOSBROOK. 29 Nov. 29th Novr., 1811. '

DEPUTY COMMISSARY FOSBROOK TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. 30 Nov. 30th November, 1811. Purchase of [Copies of these letters will be found on pages 5k6 and 5k7, house from volume VII, series I; see also page 850 in the same volume.] W. Sladden.

GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ORDERS. Head Quarters, Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, 1 Dec. Sunday, 1st Deer., 1811, Parole, Derwent.—Cr. Sign, Prosperity. General orders His Excellency the Governor, having observed with much regret, since re plan of and jjis arrival here, that the several Public and Private Buildings in buildings at Hobart Town have hitherto been erected in a very irregular manner Hobart town. and without any Plan whatever, has judged it expedient, and essentially necessary for the better appearance of the Town itself, and the accom­ modation of the Inhabitants, to frame and mark out a regular Plan* of it for the future guidance and observance of all such Persons as may be permitted to reside and build in it. The Acting Surveyor has accordingly, by His Excellency's direction, marked out with Stakes, in appropriate Places, the different divisions of the Town, whieh is for the present to consist of a large Square nearly in the Center of it, and Seven Streets, three of them running nearly Parallel the whole length of the Town, and the remaining four Crossing the three long Streets at Right Angles. The Governor has named the Square George's Square, in honor of our most Gracious Sovereign, and has given the following names to the Seven Streets: Vizt. Liverpool, Collins, and Macquarie are the names given to the three long Streets, Argyle, Eliza­ beth, Murray and Barrington being the names given to the four Cross Streets. Posts, having Finger Boards nailed on them, with the names of the Square and the several Streets, having been erected at their respective commencements and terminations to point out the more accurately the direction of the Square and Streets, they are in future to be known and called by the names given to them. On the Square it is intended at some future period to erect a Church and Court House or Town Hall and a Main Guard. It is also intended that a Public Market, under proper regulations, shall be held in the center of it every Saturday, as soon as it can be ascertained whether the Settlers are disposed to bring the Produce of their Farms for sale to this weekly Public Market, the Square likewise, as it con­ sists of an extensive Area, will answer for a Public Garrison Parade. No person in future is to presume to build a House of any descrip­ tion in Hobart Town without previously Submitting a Plan thereof to the Commandant, and receiving his Sanction for erecting the same. Such Persons as are able and willing to build Brick or Stone oi weather boarded Houses, of two Stories high, forty feet long by 16 feet broad in the Clear, tiled or Shingled and properly Glazed, will be entitled, on entering into security for erecting such a Building within two years, to receive a Town Allotment of 100 Feet in Front * Note 252. GENERAL ORDERS. 518

and 132 feet in depth, with 21 years Lease of the same from the i8n. Governor in Chief. Such Persons as are not able to build two Story i Dec. Houses but are willing and able to erect Houses of one Story High, General orders thirty six feet long by 14 feet broad in the clear, tiled or Shingled re plan of and and properly Glazed, on entering into security to erect the same ™'1.0I1-('f within two years, shall be entitled to receive a Fourteen years Lease i-iobart town. from the Governor in Chief of a Town Allotment consisting of Sixty feet in front and 132 feet in depth. His Excellency the Governor has delivered a Plan of the Town, as now subdivided and laid out, to the Commandant for his own guidance and also for that of such Persons as may wish to receive Town Allot­ ments and build Houses in Hobart Town, and to this Plan such Persons are accordingly referred, it being His Excellency's positive Orders that the new Plan in question shall be rigidly adhered and conformed to in every respect. His Excellency the Governor, deeming it expedient that a Signal Signal station Post should be established, in a conspicuous Situation in the Vicinity Nelson"* and within sight of Hobart Town, for announcing the appearance of all Ships and Vessels seen in the Offing and coming to this Port, has himself surveyed andfixed upo n a proper Hill for this purpose, within about four Miles South East of the Town; and which he has named Mount Nelson. The Governor accordingly directs that Captn. Murray the Commandant shall issue the necessary orders to the Actg. In­ spector of Public Works to erect a Flag Staff and Guard House on the Summit of Mount Nelson, cutting down and clearing away all such Trees as may obstruct the view towards the Sea and the Town; and the Commandant will be pleased to Station a Corporal's Guard at the Signal Post on Mount Nelson, with the necessary Flags and instructions for making Signals. His Excellency the Governor is under the necessity of setting out Departure for for Port Dalrymple to-morrow, and is sorry he cannot at present Polt Dalrymple. prolong his Stay at this Settlement; but he trusts he shall be able to visit it soon again, when he anticipates the pleasing hope of finding it greatly improved in every respect. L. MACQUARIE, Govr. and Comr. in Chief. By Command of His Excellency the Governor:—H. C. ANTILL, Major of Brigade. GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ORDERS. Sydney, 11th Jany., 1812. u Jan. [These orders, relating to the visit of Governor Macquarie to visit of Tasmania, will be found on page 618 et seq., volume T//r L. Macquarie , ' XO J. 3.SIT131118.. series I.]

GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ORDERS.

Sydney, 31st Jany., 1812. 81 Jan. [This order, appointing major Geils commandant at Hobart, Appointment will be found on page 625, volume VII, series I.] oiA- Geils-

SER. III. VOL. 1—2 K 514 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. INVOICE of Slop Clothing, Shipped on Board the Ship Euby by 6 Feb. Mr. William Broughton for the use of His Majesty's Settle­ Invoice of ment at Hobart Town, River derwent, Van dieman's Land. clothing per ship Ruby. Sydney, New South Wales, 6th February, 1812.

Vizt. Nos. £ s. d. 1,1*0, 1,148, 1,139, Fire Bales of Men's Blue Cloth Jackets con­ 1,138, 1,142. taining Five Hundred @ 4s. 8£d. each.. 117 14 2 1,159, 1,161, 1,174, Five Bales of Blue Cloth Trowsers containing 1,164, 1,172. Five Hundred <& 4s. 7d. each 114 11 8 15,524, 15,527, 15,535,Fiv e Bales of Cotton Shirts containing One 15,525, 15,538. Thousand @ 3s.-7d. each 1/9 3 4 1,212, 1,211, 1,195, Five Bales of duck Frocks containing Five 1,210, 1,199. Hundred @ 4s. 1J<1. each 103 2 6 1,186, 1,178, 1,177, Five Bales of duck Trowsers containing Five 1,191, 1,179. Hundred Pair @ 3s. lOd. each 95 16 8 211, 227, 236, 232,' 216, 206, 224, 230, Twenty Bales of Blankets containing One 226, 209, 238, 231, Thousand @ 6s. lid. each 345 16 6 215, 208, 241, 240, 237, 235, 210. 223.. 1,699, 1,695, 1,698, Ten Bales of Rugs containing Five Hundred 1,692, 1,706, 1,697, @ 4s. 5d. each 110 8 4 1,708, 1,700, 1,714, 1,710. 1,230, 1,221, 1,229,' Ten Casks of Men's Shoes containing One 1,224, 1,227, 1,216, thousand @ 5s. 6d. per pair 275 0 0 1,218, 1,238, 1,242, 1,247. 2,347, 2,353, 2,348,' Ten Bales of Palliasses containing Five Hun­ 1,287, 2,349, 1,285, dred @ 6s. 2d. each 154 3 4 1,304, 1,306, 2,366, 1,289. One Cask containing Four Hundred Leather 1,296. Caps @ Is. 8jd. each 34 3 4

£1,530 0 0 The whole of the above Slops have been put up by order of His Excellency the Governor for the use of the Convicts, who are actually in the employ of Government and Norfolk Island Settlers only. WILLIAM BROUGHTON, A. Commy.

Issue of PROPORTION of Slop Cloathing for One Man for Twelve Months. clothing per man per Summer's Issue, commencing 1st Jany.:—One duck Frock; One annum. Cotton Shirt; One pair duck Trowsers: One pair Shoes; One Leather Cap. Winter's Issue, commencing 1st July:-—One Blue Jacket; One pair Blue Trowsers; One Cotton Shirt; One pair Shoes. Proportion of Bedding for Three Tears:—One Palliasse; One Bug; Two Blankets. INVOICE OF PROVISIONS. 515

INVOICE of Provisions shipped by William Broughton, Esquire, is 12. Acting Commissary on board the Ship Ruby to Victual 6 Feb' Troops and Passengers on their passage to Hobart Town, invoices of Eiver derwent, Van dieman's Land Vizt:— ship Ruby. Sydney, New South Wales, 6th February, 1812. Pork—5 Tierces— 53 Six Pound pieces each or One Thousand Five hundred and ninety Pounds with Six Iron Hoops on each Cask. Biscuit—22 Bags—112 lbs. each,'or Two Thousand Four Hundred and Sixty four Pounds. Sugar— Two Hundred and Fifty Pounds. To Captn. John Murray, Commandant, Hobart Town, Van dieman's Land. INVOICE of Stores and Provisions, Shipped by William Broughton, Esquire, Acting Commissary, on board the Ship Ruby, con­ signed for the use of His Majesty's Settlement, Hobart Town, River Derwent, Van Dieman's Land, Viz:— Sydney, New South Wales, 6 February, 1812. Pork 100 Tierces, 53 Six Pound pieces each, or Thirty One Thousand Eight hundred pounds with Six Iron hoops on each Cask. Pork 20 Tieroes, 80 four pound pieces each, or Six thousand four hundred pounds with Six Iron hoops on each Cask. Lingers for Water Casks—Twenty in Number with 6 Iron hoops on each Cask. Bread bags (empty)—Twenty two in Number. RECEIPT. Sydney, New South Wales, 8th February, 1812. g Feb. RECEIVED from Mr. William Broughton, Acting Commissary, the under- Receipt for mentioned articles for the use of passengers, Troops, etc., on Passage stores. to Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, Vizt. One Iron Hearth with boilers compleat; Three Bars; One Shovel; One Spit; One reduced Poker; One Ladle; One ft. For- mentors, Belonging to the above cast Iron Boilers. A. AMBROSE. CIVIL ESTIMATES FOR THE YEAR 1812. 31St March, 1812. 31 March. [These estimates will be found on page k62, volume VII, CMI series I.] estimates.

MR. A. W. H. HUMPHREY TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. 7 . Hobart Town, 27th April, 1812. Resignation KEVEREND ROBERT KNOPWOOD TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. Hobart Town, 28 April, 1812. 28 April. [Copies of these two letters will be found on pages 622 and Request for 628, volume VII, series I.] ™£*se of 516 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. PAPERS RE ALLEGATIONS OF FRAUDULENT ADMINISTRATION AGAINST 2 May- DEP. COMMISSARY FOSBROOK. 2 May, 1812. Frauds alleged [Copies of these papers will be found on page k66 et seq., against volume VII, series I.] L. Fosbrook. ' J

MR. R. BROOKS TO GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. 9 June. Sir, Sydney, 9th June, 1812. Request for I have taken the liberty of enclosing the official copy of a Undent" °£ Grant* of Fifty two acres of land, received from Governor Collins, and solicit from Your Excellency a confirmation of the same; Shall further explain the manner in which the Grant was o •• tained, and doubt not but that Your Excellency will deem m„ request a fair one. In the Year 1808, I arrived at the Derwent in the Ship Eose from England via the Cape, at which last place I shipped a quantity of Horned Cattle, which were landed at the derwent in a good state and were esteemed as a great acquisition to the infant Colony. I also carried from England and presented to Governor Collins a large and valuable collection of Seeds of various Grasses, Clover and useful Vegetables. The Governor, in consideration of the Utility of these importations, proffered me without solicitation a Grant of One Hundred Acres of land, leaving me tofix th e Spot. I chose Cornelian Bay guessing it might be about that quantity, but, upon measurement, it proved only Fifty two Acres. On my arrival at Port Jackson, I found that Governor Bligh was deprived of his Command, and therefore did not think it proper to apply to the persons then in power for a confirmation of my Grant. Should Your Excellency be disposed to grant me the same number of Acres in this Settlement in lieu of the derwent Grant such an arrangement would be acceptable. I beg to return my thanks to Your Excellency for the lease of the House, formerly Sir H. B. Hayes's, which you have been pleased to order, and also to remind your Excellency of a promise made to give me a portion of land in lieu of that in Farm Cove formerly mine. I remain, &c, RICH. BROOKS. 10 June. Answr* Rft. sa l of •*•• ^e Governor is sorry he cannot comply with the request of Capt. request. Brooks to confirm the 52 Acres of Land located for him at the Derwent by Lt. Govr. Collins, it being contrary to his Instructions, and to the regulations he has deemed it adviseable to establish for his own guidance, to make or confirm any Grants of Land to Persons who do not actually reside as permanent Settlers in the Colony. * Note 253. INSTRUCTIONS TO J. MEEHAN. 517

2. At the time the Govr. promised Capt. Brooks a Town Allotment in 1812. Sydney, or a reasonable quantity of Land, as an equivalent for the 10 June. Lease he held at Farm Cove, he was not aware that that Lease was so GomD^^ion n very near being expired, otherwise he certainly should not have agreed for iease. to give Capt. Brooks any remuneration for it, as it would soon revert as a matter of course to the Crown. However, as the Govr. did make such a promise to Capt. B., he is willing to fulfil it by either giving him a small Town Allotment in Sydney, where it can conveniently be marked out, or double the number of acres of Land, in the neighbour­ hood of Sydney, of which the said Lease consisted. 3. The Location by Lt. Govr. Collins is herewith returned to Capt. Brooks. Sydney, 10 June, 1812. L.M. INSTRUCTIONS for Mr. James Meehan,* Acting Surveyor General 25 June. of Lands m the Territory of New South Wales. j^jfeeharT *° BY His Excellency Lachlan Macquarie, Esqr., Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, etc., etc. Sir, 1. On receipt of these Instructions, you will embark on board His Majesty's Colonial Brig Lady Nelson and proceed in her to Port Dalrymple in Van Diemen's Land, for the purpose of Farms to be Surveying and remeasuring the several Farms, already located re-measure • and now ordered to be located to the different Persons residing in the two Settlements of Port Dalrymple and the Derwent, and also to lay down and mark out the new Townships herein after mentioned, and a high Road between the two Settlements of Road from

Port Dalrymple and Hobart Town; and, in order to facilitate to°HobL?town. your Completing those various Duties in as short a time as possible, the Actg. Deputy Surveyor of Lands, Mr. G. W. Evans,+ has been directed to accompany you on board the Lady Nelson, and, as long as you may have occasion, to remain in Van Diemen's Land; And, in the prosecution of these Duties, you are hereby directed to be governed by the following Instructions. 2. On your arrival at Port Dalrymple, you are to wait on and report yourself to Major Gordon, or in his absence to the Senior Officer commanding at that Settlement, shew him your Instruc­ tions, and apply to him for such assistance in Men, Cattle, outfit to be Boats, or Carts, as may be necessary to enable you to carry the po°tDairvmple. object of these Instructions into complete effect, as speedily as possible; and the Officer commanding at Port Dalrymple is hereby authorized and directed to comply with your requisitions for such assistance, in as far as his means will conveniently admit of. 3. The Several Farms, hitherto granted or located at both the Settlements of Port Dalrymple and Hobart Town, having been

* Note 107. t Note 254. 5L8 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. erroneously described by the Several Persons, who measured 25 June. and marked them out, and consequently occasioning great con­ Instructions to fusion and endless disputes between the Proprietors respecting J. Meehan. their Boundaries, it is necessary that these Farms should all be All farms to be re-surveyed. remeasured and newly described by you, and which you are accordingly hereby directed to do immediately after your arrival at those two Settlements respectively; and, the better to enable you so to do, you will herewith receive a Return* of all the Grants and Leases hitherto made by former Governors and myself in Van Diemen's Laud, extracted from the Register and made up to the present time. New grants to 4. As soon as you have remeasured and newly described all be surveyed. the old Farms and Le ises at Port Dalrymple, you will proceed to measure and describe the new ones I have lately promised to different Persons residing within that Settlement, of whose names and the quantity of Land to be assigned them, you will receive herewith a List* for your guidance and observance, taking care not to assign more land to any one than is specified in the said List, and to be strictly impartial to all in assigning them their Farms respectively. Farms to be 5. When you have measured all the new Farms above alluded marked out at to, you will proceed to that Tract of Land in the Neighbourhood Norfolk plains. of Launceston on the Right Bank of the South Esk River, and which I have named "Norfolk Plains," and there measure and mark out Fifty separate Farms for that, number of Free Men now at Norfolk Island, but who are to be removed from thence to Port Dalrymple in January next, and there to become Settlers in the District of Norfolk Plains, measuring the said Fifty Farms of the following Proportions of Land: Vizt, Four of Eighty Acres each; Eight of Sixty Acres each; Sixteen of Fifty Acres each, and Twenty two of Forty Acres each. These Fifty Farms are to be distinctly numbered and accurately described, so as to render it easy and practicable to assign them to the Norfolk Island Settlers on their arrival at Port Dalrymple according to their respective Claims. Site of George 6. Having measured and described the Fifty Farms in Nor­ town to be folk Plains, you will proceed to York-Cove (formerly ealled surveyed. Outer Cove) and mark out the Scite for the new intended Town­ ship, named already by me " George-Town "f on that Point of Land which Ifixed on in Deer, last as the most eligible and most convenient Situation for the Chief Settlement of Port Dalrymple to be established at, on account of its numerous local advantages in regard to its safe Harbour and convenience for Trade and Shipping. In marking out the Town, you will be guided gen­ erally by the verbal Instructions I have already given you on this

* Note 255. f Note 256. INSTRUCTIONS TO J. MEEHAN. 519 head, and the Plan you drew of it in December last and approved 1812. by me, and which you have in your Possession. The Town may 2o June- extend round the Cove on both sides of it; but the Principal instructions to Square and all the Public Buildings must be marked out on the North East side of York Cove, as fixed on by me in December last. Each of the Town Allotments is to consist of one Acre only; but two of these Allotments may be united and assigned to one Person in some particular cases. 7. It having been reported to me that a very fine large River Clarence river has been discovered about Twenty Miles to the South East of tob e exPlored- George Town, which falls into the Sea near-the Entrance of Bass's Straits, and on the Banks of which there is a very fine Tract of Land fit for the purposes of Agriculture and Grazing, you are hereby directed, after having marked out George Town, to proceed to'explore and Survey the said River,* accom­ panied by such Guides as you can procure. It is left to your own discretion and Judgment how far to trace the course of this River; but you must be very particular in marking down the Nature and quality of the Soil and Timber on the Banks of it; and, as it is desirable to ascertain how near this River is to George Town, the distance between them must be chained 'either on your going to explore it, or on your return from it; perhaps the latter will be the easiest and consequently most adviseable. You will name this new River " The Clarence " in honor of His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence. 8. Having completed this last Duty, you will return to Laun- ceston and there make the necessary preparations for your Jour­ ney overland across the Country to Hobart Town, making as little delay as possible at the former. Previous to your de- Sign posts to parture from Launceston, you will not fail to see all the Finger beerected - Boards,f containing the names I have given to the different Dis­ tricts and Places, within the limits of that Settlement, erected on Posts in the proper, situations. A Case containing all the Finger Boards for the two Settlements of Port Dalrymple and Hobart Town, and for the intermediate Country, will be put on board the Lady Nelson, and placed under your care; a List of which you will receive herewith. The two Finger Boards for George Town and York Cove, you will take care to see erected on Strong Posts in proper situations at these two Places respec­ tively, when there. 9. On setting out from Launceston for the Derwent, you are Road between- hereby directed to travel by the same route across the Country Hobart town!n to Hobart Town by which you accompanied me in December last in my Journey from the latter to the former, Chaining the whole of the distance between the two Settlements, and making such

* Note 257. t Note 258. 520 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. remarks as may occur to you during the Journey, respecting the 25 June. Nature and quality of the Soil, the Timber growing thereon, Instructions to and the Rivers, Creeks, or Ponds you pass on your way; not J. Meehan. forgetting to erect, on Strong Posts or Trees, the Finger Boards containing the Names of the several Plains, Rivers, Mountains, Hills, etc., etc., in your route from Launceston to Hobart Town, agreeably to the List herewith delivered to you, taking care to erect the said Finger Boards in conspicuous Places. Military posts 10. As it is very desirable and highly necessary, for the purpose to be established of protecting Travellers and forwarding Expresses from one on road. Settlement to the other, to keep the intermediate country at all times open and unmolested by the Natives or by Banditti of Bush Rangers, it is my intention to establish four intermediate Mili­ tary Posts or Stations between Hobart Town and Port Dalrymple at the following Places; Vizt.—1st. At or near Honey Suckle Bush; 2d. At Elizabeth River; 3d. At or near Macquarie Springs; and 4th. At or near to Stanfield's Farm on the River Derwent. You are therefore hereby directed to examine and survey these several Places, and report to me on the eligibility of them for establishing the intended Military Posts at; and, if youfind i n your Route more eligible and more convenient Places in regard to distances, water and fertility of soil, you will mark them down in your Chart, with such observations as may occur to you for my information. Lands to be 11. On your arrival at Hobart Town, you will wait on and surveyed at report yourself to Major Geils, or the Officer then in command the Derwent. at that .Settlement and Communicate to him your Instructions, requiring from him such assistance as you may deem necessary to enable to prosecute and fulfil the several objects specified in these Instructions; commencing your Surveys of the old and new grants of Land as soon after your arrival at that Settlement as may be practicable; beginning and ending therewith in the same order as is laid down already for Port Dalrymple. 12. You will of course first remeasure and newly describe all the Old Grants and Leases at the Derwent, and afterwards mark out and describe all the New Farms and Leases that have been promised by me to different Persons residing at that Settlement, of whose names you will herewith receive a List,* specifying the extent of the Grants of Land or Leases of Town Allotments intended for them respectively. Town to be 13. You will mark out the new Township of Elizabeth-Town} laid out at New Norfolk. (named so by me when at the Derwent in November last) exactly on the same Ground I have already pointed out for it on the Right Bank of the River Derwent, opposite and adjoining to the District of New Norfolk; laying down the Scite of the Town

Note 255. • Note 228. INSTRUCTIONS TO J. MEEHAN. 521 exactly on the same Plan and Principle as that of George-Town 1812. with regard to the Center Square, Streets, and size of the several 25 June' Allotments, with the exception however of the few Allotments 1 instructions to have already promised to some few Individuals who have promised to come to reside there immediately, and whose Names are par­ ticularly specified in the accompanying List. 14. After you have planned and marked out Elizabeth Town Survey of and measured and newly described all the Farms in New Nor- ^^T^?k. folk, you will proceed to examine and survey a large Tract of Land in the Neighbourhood of New Norfolk, which I have named Macquarie District*; ascertaining the Quantity of Good Land there, the nature and quality of the Soil, the different kinds of Wood growing on it, and whether well or badly watered. You will be particular in writing down your remarks on those several Points, so as to enable me to judge, on receiving your Report, how far that Tract of Country is eligible for assigning Lands to small Settlers on. 15. In your progress in executing your Surveys at the Settle- Grants ment of the Derwent, you will call upon those Settlers, whose described to Grants or Leases you may find erroneously described therein, to be surrendered. deliver you up their old Grants and Leases in order that they may be Cancelled and that Correct new ones may be made out and given to them in lieu thereof. 16. You will not fail to have the several Finger Boards for the Erection of different Places at the Derwent, to which I gave names when S1 there in November last, erected on Posts or Trees in proper and conspicuous situations. Whatever part of Macquarie Point may site for be deemed necessary to be demanded from Mr. Fosbrook for g°™"lment erecting a Government House on, Major Geils will point out to you; and, on Mr. Fosbrook's relinquishing the same (which he has promised to do) you will measure and mark it out as part of the Government Domain, offering Mr. Fosbrook, as an Equiva­ lent, in any other unappropriated part of the Settlement, four acres for every one he relinquishes to Government on Macquarie Point. 17. Should I have omitted to mention any thing in these In­ structions, which you may find yourself at a loss how to act in, you will act according to your own discretion and to the best of your Judgment. As soon as you have completed all your surveys, and executed the various Duties specified and Pointed out in these Instructions, you will report the same to the Commandant at the Derwent, and request of him to furnish yourself and your Deputy, Mr. Evans, with a Passage on board thefirst Ship or Vessel that may.happen to touch at that Settlement bound for

* Note 260. 522 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1812. Sydney; whither you are directed to return with as little delay 25 June. as possible with your several Surveys and observations, reporting to me on your arrival here the result thereof. I am, &c, L. MACQUARIE. Government House, Sydney, N. S. Wales, 25th June, 1812.

GENERAL AND GARRISON ORDERS.^ [ The orders, dated prior to April, 1809, are copied from the order book of lieutenant- governor Collim, preserved in the Mitchell library, Sydney.} 1804. GENERAL AFTER ORDERS. A ugust. 8th Augt., 1804. Orders re THE Lt. Governor, having received the following official Paper by the Duty on and Lady Barlow from His Excellency the Governor in Chief, deems it selling price expedient to make the same public for the information of all Persons of spirits. o'hom it may concern. [Here followed a copy of the proclamation dated 28th May, 1804; see page 84,-volume V, series I.] GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 11th Augt., 1804. Prohibition of The Lt. Governor, understanding that a small Investmentt brought trading by hither by the Ship Lady Barlow is to be left in this Settlement for officers. Sale, thinks it necessary to publish the directions, which he has received from Governm't upon that Head, that no one may plead ignorance of the same, Viz. " You are to signify to every Officer under your command your deter­ mination to prevent any attempts that may be made by them to engage in any description of Commercial Pursuit for the purpose of Traffie in the intended Settlement; and. that, if contrary to Expectation any officer shall presume to act in defiance of this Intimation, he will not fail to incur His Majesty's Highest displeasure." The Lt. Governor therefore declares that, in pursuance of the above intimation, no Officer, Civil or Military under his Command, can engage in any description of Commercial Pursuit for the purpose of Traffic without subjecting himself to a representation from him that would infallibly draw on him His Majesty's highest displeasure, a W. Collins to embark for circumstance that would certainly be attended with the deprivation of Port Jackson. the Commission .with which he had been Honoured. Mr. William Collins will hold himself in readiness to proceed in the Lady Barlow on Service toGENERA Port JacksonL ORDERS. . Hobart Town, 16th Augt., 1804. Rations, The Commissary will issue to Civil, Military, Settlers and Male Prisoners on Saturday next, and until further Orders, 1 lb. of Flour, in addition to the present Ration of that Article, serving the usual Proportions to Women and Children. He will deduct, on Saturday next, 1 lb. of Flour from such Persons Landing places as have been this Day served with fresh Beef. for boats. It is again ordered that Boats are not to land any one from them after the Taptoo has beat but at the Public Landing Place in the Creek, except when, from thNotee lownes261. s ofNot thee 1S3 Water. , a Boat may not be GENERAL ORDERS. 523 able to get in; in such Cases, Officers may land at the Jetty on Hunter's x804. Island, when the Sentinel will see that the Boat puts off immediately August.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 23d Augt., 1804. The Major part of the Establishment having been now landed Six Servants for Months in this Settlement, the Lt. Governor thinks it necessary to officers. apprize the officers, Civil and Military, who landed with him, that he has received His Majesty's Commands to signify to them that they are not to be allowed Prisoners to wait upon them after the expiration of Six Months from their landing without paying for the Services of such as they may retain. This regulation is not intended to apply to the ease of those Officers, to whom the Labour of Prisoners may be assigned as a remuneration for the discharge of the Office of Magistrates or Superintendents, but is to apply to the Military who can have no claim of this kind beyond what is allowed to Military Officers serving in other Colonies. The Lieut. Governor therefore directs that those Officers, who are not exempted from the effects of the above regulation, either im­ mediately dismiss the Prisoners, whom they have been allowed, or make a return to the Commissary of the names of those whom they may be desirous of retaining on paying for their Services as above stated. This regulation will be carried into effect with regard to those Officers,* who last arrived from Port Phillip, when they shall have been Six Months in the Settlement.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 24th Augt., 1804. A General Muster of all the Prisoners will be taken on Sunday next General muster at Eleven O'Clock in the Forenoon, for which purpose they will assemble of convicts. at the Hut at the Landing Place. Every Person is expected to be present, those at the Government Farm excepted, who will be mustered at 1 o'Clock the same day. The Surgeon will attend the Lt. Governor at this Muster.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 28th Augt., 1804. The Commissary will, as directed on the 16th Inst., issue 1 lb. of Rations. Flour in addition to the present ration of that article, and, as it has been represented to the Lt. Governor that very few of the 4 lb. Peices of Pork weigh more than %\ lbs., he directs that until further orders the ration of Pork be served out by weight. As articles from the Public Stores for the accommodation of Indi- issue of stores. viduals are in future to be issued only on Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, they will on those days be opened until 12 o'Cloek, when the Commissary will attend for the Purpose of complying with such orders, as may have obtained the Lt. Governor's Signature.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 6th Sepr., 1804. September. The Lieut. Governor, altho' he trusts that none of the Prisoners under his Command would attempt to make their escape from the Settlement, yet he thinks it necessary to publish the following Extracts * Note 263. 524 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. from two London Newspapers, whereby they will see what must be the September. consequence of their being taken to England by any Ship, in which Orders re they might succeed in secreting themselves. Escape of Extract from the Morning Post of Monday, Deer. 19th, 1803. convicts from " On Friday Evening, Captain Musgrave of the Ship Atlas, that took colony. Convicts from Ireland to Port Jackson, applied to Mr. Bond at Bow Street concerning two Men supposed to be returned Transports. Cap­ tain M. stated that, in the month of January, 1803, he landed the whole of the Convicts, taken on board his Ship from Waterford, in good health at Port Jackson, and proceeded from thence to China, the Vessel being chartered by the East India Company; and that, after they had been five days at Sea, two Men were discovered, who must have secreted themselves in the Vessel while she lay at Port Jackson, and, although the Vessel was fumigated, had escaped detection; that, believing them to be convicts, he brought them Home in Confinement; and they were then on board his Ship at Deptford. Mr. Bond im­ mediately sent two of the Bow Street Officers with Captain M. to Deptford, who brought the Prisoners to Town, when they underwent an Examination before Mr. Bond, and confessed themselves convicts, who had escaped from Port Jackson. Their names are Anthony Raw- son and William Tucker; they were committed to Tothil-fields Bride­ well." Extract from the Morning Post of Wednesday, Deer. 28, 1803. " Yesterday Morning Anthony Rawson and William Tucker (the two Convicts who escaped from New South Wales and concealed them­ selves on board the Atlas, Captain Musgrave, in which they were brought to England) were sent off to Portsmouth under an escort from Bow Street in order to be put on board the Experiment Transport, now under sailing orders for Port Jackson." GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 10th Sepr., 1804. Issue of The number of Scorbutic Patients increasing daily, the Commissary kangaroo meat is directed to receive Kangaroo at 6d. per lb. from any person, who and soup. may deliver such at the Public Stores. And, in order to check the progress of this disorder by the only means at present in our power, the Lieut. Governor has caused two Boilers to be sat up at the General Hospital, whereat, under the inspection of the Surgeon, Soup boiled with rice will be issued at 12 o'Clock each day to all Persons, who may be afflicted with the above disease or who may be of a weakly Hours of Habit of Body. labour. Thefirst Bel l for Labour will, until further Orders, ring at 5 o'Clock in the Morning; at which Hour it is expected the several Artificers, Mechanics and Labourers repair to their respective Employments. During the remainder of the Day, the Bell will ring as before directed.

. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 13th Sepr., 1804. Damages Frequent Complaints having been made to the Lt. Governor of the caused by swine. damage done to the Property of Individuals by Swine, which are running loose in the Town, it is become necessary to direct that, if any GENERAL ORDERS. 525

Persons find it convenient to let their Hogs run loose, they will find it 1S0i, equally convenient to pay whatever damage they may commit. At the September. same time, it is necessary that every one should be careful to place their Property in the best possible state of Security, otherways they r eisre will not be entitled to any recompense for their Losses. If the Nuisance should continue to exist after this Notice, the order of the 19th of April will be put in force. The Lt. Governor finds it necessary to direct that in future all Legal agreements between Parties be reduced to writing,* signed by the agreements. Parties and subscribed by two Witnesses. Of such written Agreements only, the Magistrates are to take cognizance. To prevent some inconvenience from arising to the Settlers at Stain- issue of rations forth's Cove, the Commissary will forward their Provisions on the at Stainforth's Friday to the Superintendent at the Government Farm, where they will cove' attend to receive them. The Lt. Governor prohibits the falling of Timber in the Neighbour- Preservation hood of the Stream, which supplies the Settlement with Water, without of town , . • • water supply, his express permission. ^L ' No more Stone is to be taken from the Quarry for any private Quarrying purpose, until the Magazine t is in a greater state of forwardness. oi stone. The Commissary will issue \ lb. of Candles to the Civil and Military issue of Officers until further Orders. candles. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 19th Sepr., 1804. Mr. Nicholls, the Superintendent, is not to be interrupted in the Duties of Execution of his Duty by any one. He receives his orders from the ^'. Nicholls. Lt. Governor, and to him alone is he responsible for what he does in compliance with those Orders. Such Orders; as may be presented at the Stores on those days, when Issue of stores. by the late Order they are to be kept shut, are to be complied with, as none will be given but where the Public Service would stand still, if they were not attended to. The Guard at Hunter's Island is withdrawn until further orders. It Guard at will take Post at the Landing Place. Hunter's island.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 22d Sepr., 1804. When there is occasion to send a Prisoner to the Guard, the Magis- Arrest of trate, who commits him, will send a written Notice subscribed with his prisoners. name; and, if at any time the assistance of the Military should be requisite, the Magistrate is to make application to the Officer of thi* day for the same. The Lt. Governor having reason to apprehend that the permission of Payment of rewarding the Prisoners for extra Labour with Spirits may be abused convicts in (an instance, of which occurred in the two Men, William Wright and °pm s' John Jackson, who were punished for Drunkeness) finds it necessary to direct that not more than \ a pint of Spirits be ever given to a Prisoner in a Day; and, as it is his intention to make frequent enquiries upon this subject, %e will not fail to punish severely any Prisoner that may through Drunkeness be found incapable of Labour. Divine Service will be performed at the Farm to-morrow if the Divine service. Weather permits. * Note 264. t Note 13S. 526 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. GENERAL ORDERS. September. Hobart Town, 27 Sepr., 1804. Orders re The Principal Surgeon having stated to the Lt. Governor that the Effect of issue Scorbutic Patients under his care are considerably benefited by the of kangaroo Fresh Animal Food, which has been issued to them since the Order of on scurvy. the 10th Instant, and that the most probable method of wholly sub­ duing the Disease would be by persevering in a regimen that has already been attended with such salutary effect, he requests that all those Gentlemen, who have Dogs, will exert themselves in procuring an ample supply of Kangooroo for the Hospital. The numbers of this animal are at this Juncture fortunately for us abundant, and a Prospect is afforded that, by this means, several valuable and useful Men may be speedily recovered and restored to the different Classes of Mechanics and Artificers to which they belong. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 29 Sepr., 1804. Brick field. Croft, the Overseer of the Brickmakers' Gang, representing that several People wilfully cross over the Ground, which is prepared for making Bricks, whereby the necessary level thereof is destroyed, all Persons are hereby prohibited from walking over the said Grounds, and the Overseer is to report whoever he may find acting contrary to this Order. GENERAL ORDERS. October. Hobart Town, 8th Octr., 1804. Issue of flour The Deputy Commissary will until further orders issue to the Sick to hospital patients. at the General Hospital the Flour that came from England in the Ocean Store Ship. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 11th Octr., 1804. The Principal Surgeon will issue to the Sick during their Con­ tinuance in the General Hospital such Portion of Bread and Flour only, as they may be able to consume, drawing no more from the Public Stores from time to time than may be requisite for that Cleanliness Purpose. of huts. As nothing can more effectually tend to the Preservation of Health than cleanliness, the Prisoners are warned against suffering any Collection of Filth to remain in their Huts, which the Lieut. Governor has reason to think they do, and, to prevent the continuance of so great a nuisance, Wm. Stocker, assisted by others of the Night Watch, will frequently visit the Huts and cause the Inhabitants not only to keep them clean but to air their bedding and Cloathing occasionally, when the Weather will permit. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 13th Octr., 1804. Hours of The following Hours for Labour are appointed until further orders. labour. From 5 in the Moaning until 8. From 9 until 10. And from two in the afternoon until Sunset. This Regulation being calculated to p*revent the People working in the immediate Heat of the Day, the Lt. Governor directs that, all Public Labour of whatever description be suspended from twelve o'Clock at Noon until Two in the afternoon as above directed. GENERAL ORDERS. 527

GENERAL ORDERS. 1804 Hobart Town, 22d Octr., 1804. October. There will be a General Muster on Saturday next, the 27th Inst., of orders re all the Male Convicts in the Settlement (those at the Farm excepted, Gener l must who will be mustered on the preceding day) ; after which there will be and ^sueT/ e an Inspection of the Cloathing issued to them in May last, preparatory clothing. to a General Serving of that Article for the ensuing Six Months. The Taylors will be immediately employed in making up the Cloathing, which will be issued in May, 1805. Divine Service will in future be performed every Sunday that the Divine service. "Weather is fair. It is the Governor's positive order that no Person or Persons what- Trespass soever go within the lines of the Royal Marine Square,* those only forbidden excepted who belong thereto, in which exception Officers' Servants or "g1*"1 rnanne such as may have business with an Officer are included.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 28th Octr., 1804. The Commissary will issue to each Male Prisoner the following issue of Articles of Wearing Apparel, Vizt. clothing. 1 Pr. Shoes. 2 Shirts. 1 Jacket. 1 Pr. Drawers. 1 Waistcoat. 1 Pr. Stockings. 1 Pr. Duck Trowsers. 1 Hat. which are to serve for the ensuing 6 months. The Sawyers, being indulged in working for Individuals in their Labour of own Time, are not to do any other than Government work during the sawyers. Hours appointed for that Purpose.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 2d. Deer., 1804. December. Hobart Town, 5th Deer., 1804. [Copies of these two orders will be found on page 297.]

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 22d Deer., 1804. Tuesday next being Christmas Day, Divine Service will be performed Divine service. in the forenoon if the Weather will admit, when the Lieut. Governor expects the attendance of every one, Hut keepers and the Sick alone excepted. , The Commissary will this day issue one week's Provisions to each Issue of Person. provisions. Those Settlers, who now have or may hereafter have Boats, are not Regulation upon any account to employ or take with them in their Boats any of boats. Persons whatsoever belonging to the Settlement without a previous application for leave, which is to be made to the Lt. Governor; and, upon the arrival of any Ship or Vessel in the Cove, they are not to attempt having any Communication therewith, until they shall have obtained a General Permit for that Purpose. As the Preservation of the Swans in the Derwent is still an object Preservation of consequence, the Lt. Governor calls the attention of the Settlers to of swa,,s- the General Orderst of the 10th of March last, which prohibits their being destroyed or disturbed. * Note 138. t Note 265, 528 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. A General Muster will be held of all the Male Prisoners at Hobart December. Town at Eleven o'Clock on Tuesday, the 1st day of January. . The Sick will be accounted for by the Surgeon, and tho.se employed at the Orders re Farm by Mr. Clark.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 27th Deer., 1804. Prevention Some Gardens, belonging to Individuals at this Place, the Govern­ of thefts. ment Farm, and the Settlers at Stainforth's Cove, having been lately robbed, and some Thefts having also been committed in several of the Huts, the Lt. Governor has ordered the Watch to muster the Huts, both here and at the Farm, during the Night, and every Person, who may be absent therefrom without a sufficient reason, may depend on being Punished. In order likewise to prevent aU improper Com­ munication between this Town and the Farm, all Persons, who shall at any time be found in either without a Pass, will be also Punished. The Settlers are particularly cautioned against receiving any of the Prisoners at their Farms on any Day, particularly on a Sunday, without a Pass, if they wish to avoid the Imputation of being receivers of Stolen Goods. Reward for And whereas a Hut on the other side of the Water was the Night conviction of burglars. before last burglariously entered and parts of two Watches stolen thereout, the Lt. Governor is pleased to promise a Conditional Eman­ cipation to any Prisoner, who shall give such Information to a Magis­ trate as may tend to the recovery of the Property and the Conviction of the Person or Persons, who committed the said Burglary. Receipt of kangaroo to be The Number of Patients at the General Hospital being so reduced discontinued. as no longer to require the aid of fresh animal food, the Commissary will discontinue receiving Kangooroo into the Public Store after the last day of this Month.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 28th Deer., 1804. Hours for The Public Store on Hunter's Island will in future be opened on the opening of Issuing days, appointed by the General Orders of the 28th of August public stores. last, for supplying Individuals with such Articles, as they may be ordered to receive, from Nine in the Morning until Eleven o'Clock in the Forenoon of each day, instead of twelve as before ordered; and it is hereby directed that all Persons presenting Orders at the Stores do deliver them to the Commissary or Storekeeper, and wait without the Store Door unTil the Article they came for is delivered to them, when they will immediately quit the Island.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 29th Deer., 1804. Servants That part* of the Civil and Military Establishment of this Colony, for officers. which arrived from Port Phillip in the Ocean Transport on the 25th of June last, having been now landed Six Months, the Lt. Governor apprizes them that, as by His Majesty's Commands they are not to be allowed the Services of Prisoners after the expiration of Six Months from their landing without paying for the same, they will eithei dismiss such Prisoners, as they may have been allowed, or make a return to the Commissary of those whom they may be desirous of retaining on paying for their Services as above stated. * Note 263. GENERAL ORDERS. 529

One of the Night Watch will attend during the Time the Store is !go4. open on Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, to see that the Order of December. yesterday is complied with. OrderTTT The following alteration of the weekly ration will take place on Tuesday next until further Orders, Vizt. In lieu of 8 lbs. of Flour now served, the Commissary will issue Rations. 4 lb. of Flour and 6 lbs. of Wheat; for grinding of the Wheat, Mills will be erected on Monday. Divine Service will be performed at the Farm to-morrow at Eleven Divine service. o'Clock, if the Weather is fair.

GENERAL ORDERS. ,„._ 180o. Hobart Town, 3d January, 1805. January. His Excellency The Governor in Chief having in a Letter, bearing Emancipations date the 21st of October, 1804, acquainted the Lt. Governor that, in granted. consequence of his application, he had directed Warrants of Emanci­ pation to be made out and registered for the Persons recommended by him, the Commissary will therefore erase the names of Matthew Powers and Francis Shipman from the List of Prisoners and insert them in the class of free People.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 7th Jany., 1805. The Situation of the Prisoners belonging to this Settlement not status of seeming to be clearly understood, the Lieut. Governor finds it neees- convicts. sary to state that, while under Sentence of the Law, the Prisoners are to be considered as the Servants of the Crown, to be employed under the direction of the Person in whom His Majesty has been pleased to vest that Trust, the Lt. Governor of this Settlement. He has received it in command from His Majesty to place the Native Legal status Inhabitants of whatever place, he should settle at, in the King's Peace, of natives. and to afford their Persons and Property the Protection of the British Laws. It cannot then be doubted that the immediate Inhabitants of this Colony are equally entitled to the same Protection. Wherever Englishmen are settled, though there should be no regular Courts of Justice established in the Place, yet the Laws of England are there equally in force. The Inhabitants of this Settlement are therefore informed that they are under the Protection of the Laws of Great Britain, and that their Persons are not to be imprisoned but by the Authority of a Civil Magistrate, before whom any Person belonging to this Settlement and supposed guilty of an offence is to be taken, and by whose authority alone he can be confined. Persons, taken during the Night com­ mitting depredations, are excepted, in which case they will be appre­ hended by and remain in the custody of the Night Watch until the Morning. _ GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 11th Jany., 1805. The Surgeon will forthwith make up the Account of the Expendi- Returns of ture of all Medicines and Hospital Stores, received by him from the hospital stores. Deputy Commissary between the 16th October, 1803, and the 31st of December, 1804. The Deputy Commissary will issue the ration of Sugar monthly Sugar ration. until further Orders.

SER. III. VOL. 1—2 L 530 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. GENERAL ORDERS. January. Hobart Town, 26th Jany., 1805. Orders re The Lt. Governor finds it necessary again to caution the Prisoners Intoxication against rendering themselves incapable through Intoxication of per­ of prisoners. forming the Public Labour, which is required of them. Of this Offence, the Magistrates axe requested particularly to take Cognizance. Retailing of spirits. As the Spirits, which have been purchased for the use of the Settlement, have been under certain Regulations allowed to be given to the Convicts as a reward for the Performance of extra Labour, but not to be retailed or sold by them to others, it is hereby ordered that any Person, selling or retailing Spirituous Liquors without a Licence, shall on Conviction before a Magistrate forfeit the Sum of Five Pounds for any Quantity of Spirits so sold and retailed without a licence, half of which is to be paid to the Person giving the Informa­ Convicts to salute officers. tion, the other half to be applied to Public Use. The Convicts are ordered, whenever passing any of the Officers, Civil or Military now belonging or who may hereafter belong to this Settle­ ment, to pay them that respect which is due to the Commissions they respectively bear in His Majesty'GENERAsL ServiceORDERS.. February. Hobart Town, 8th Feby., 1805. Issue of spirits. Some Inconvenience being felt at the Public Store by the present mode of issuing Spirits, the Deputy Commissary will in future only issue Spirits upon Fridays between the hours of 9 and 11 in the fore­ noon, the daily allowance to the Military excepted. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 21st Feby., 1805.. Reward for A Quantity of Wearing Apparel, the Property of A. W. H. Humphrey, information Esq., having been stole out of that Gentleman's Marquee in the re robbery. Evening of the 19th Inst, by some Person or Persons at present unknown, the Lt. Govr. hereby promises to obtain from His Excellency The Governor in Chief a free Pardon for any Prisoner, whether Male or Female, who shall give such Information respecting the said Felony as shall tend to the recovery of the Property and the Conviction of the Offender or Offenders. The Lt. Governor further promises that, after the Delivery of the free Pardon, the Person shall be allowed to quit the Colony by the first Conveyance that may offer. GENERAL ORDERS. March. Hobart Town, 8th March, 1805. Issue of The Commissary will issue to-morrow Morning, previous to the clothing. serving of the Provisions, the undermentioned Articles of Cloathing to such of the Women, who arrived in the Sophia, as shall apply for the same, Vizt. 1 Jacket with Sleeves. 1 Cap. 1 Petticoat. 1 Pr. Shoes. 1 Shift. 1 Hat. Rations. 1 Pr. Stockings. He will also issue as before directed 4 lbs. of Flour. 6 lbs. of Wheat. in lieu of 8 lbs. of Flour, with the usual Proportions to Women and Children until further Orders. GENERAL ORDERS 531

GENERAL ORDERS. ISOS. Hobart Town, 16th March, 1805. March- Notwithstanding the Orders, which have been given to prevent all Orders ;< improper communication between this Town and the Settlement at control of New Town, it is known that the Prisoners frequently pass and repass intercourse to and from either without Permission; the Superintendent at New wlth Xew Town is therefore hereby directed to apprehend and send in for Punishment every Prisoner, whether Male or Female, who shall be found there without a Pass, and the Night Watch will be vigilant in detecting any of the Prisoners belonging to that Place, who shall come hither without a Pass signed by the Superintendent.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 23rd March, 1805. The Commissary having represented to the Lt. Governor that much Predatory hogs damage has been sustained at Hunter's Island by Hogs belonging to t0 be destroyed. Individuals, that are suffered to range about in quest of Food by Night as well as by day, the Proprietors of such Stock are hereby informed that a Watch will be kept on the Island with orders to shoot whatever Hogs may come over there during the Night, and that, in some measure to make good the damage which has been already incurred, each Hog so shot shall be forfeited to the Public. The Lt. Governor hopes that the Punishment, inflicted on three of Punishment the Prisoners on Thursday last at New Town for resisting the orders °f convicts at of the Superintendent, will convince the whole of that description of " People that such an offence will never pass unnoticed. The Night Watch on Duty at New Town will at all Times exert themselves in following the directions they may receive from the Superintendent; and they are to apprehend any Prisoner, whether Male or Female, who shall be found out of their Huts after 9 o'Clock at Night without some reasonable excuse. The Revd. Mr. Knopwood will perform Divine Service at that Settle- Divine service. ment to-morrow in the forenoon, if the Weather is fair.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 29th March, 1805. A General Muster of all the Male and Female Prisoners at this Muster of Place will be held on Sunday next, the 31st Instant, immediately convicts. after the performance of Divine Service, and in future an account of those, who do not attend whenever Divine Service is performed either here or at New Town, will be taken, and a Stoppage made from their Provisions on the ensuing day, unless some satisfactory reason can be assigned for their absence.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 26th April, 1805. April. The Commissary will on Tuesday next issue, until further Orders, Rations. the following ration weekly, Vizt. H lbs. of Beef. 6 lbs. of Wheat. 6 lbs. of Flour. 6 oz. of Sugar. with the several Proportions to Women and Children. 532 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. He will also issue to Male Prisoners the following Articles of April. Cloathing, Vizt. 1 Jacket. 2 Shirts. Orders re 1 Waistcoat. 2 Pr. Stockings. Issue of 1 Pr. Flannel Drawers. clothing. The Lieutenant Governor directs that in future the Door of the Inner Store be never opened but in the presence of the Commissary, or, in ease of his absence, of such Officers as the Lieutenant Governor may appoint.

GENERAL ORDERS. May. Hobart Town, 24th May, 1805. Issue of The Commissary will issue to each Male Prisoner one Pair of Duck clothing. Trowsers or 2J yds. of Duck, and, to such as did not receive Drawers at the last serving, li yds. of Flannel. As these Articles are intended for their comfort during the Winter Months, they are on no account to be put to any other than the above mentioned use. . Reduction From the non-arrival of the Supplies, which the Lieutenant Governor in rations. has for some time past been in daily expectation of receiving, he is under the necessity of reducing the ration of Salted Pork to j|rds of what is at present issued. The Commissary will therefore issue until further Orders, For one week Salted Pork 2 lb. 10 oz. Wheat 4 lb. Flour 6 lb. Sugar 6 oz. with the usual Proportion to Women and Children.

GENERAL ORDERS. June. Hobart Town, 3d June, 1805. Birthday To-morrow being the Anniversary of His Majesty's Birth, the Detach­ of H.M. ment of Royal Marines will in Honor of the Dayfire thre e rounds on the King. their Parade at 12 o'Clock,. after which 21 rounds will befired from the Ordnance.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 4th June, 1805. Issue of spirits. This day being the Anniversary of His Majesty's Birth, the Com­ missary will issue \ a pint of Spirits to each Male Prisoner in the Settlement.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 14th June, 1805. Prevention of As it appears from the Account given by Thomas Green and Richard escape by sea. Wright, who absconded from this Settlement in February last and have been sent hither by order of His Excellency Governor King in the ship Richard and Mary, lately arrived, that they were taken off by the Boats belonging to the Ship Myrtle, and secreted on board the said Ship, the Centinel at the Landing Place will be at all times careful in inspecting whatever Boat or Boats, whether belonging to Shipping or the Settlement, which may go therefrom, particularly after dark, to prevent not only unauthorized Persons being taken off in them, but Packages or Bundles which may contain Wearing Apparel or Provisions. GENERAL ORDERS. 533

GENERAL ORDERS. ISOS. Hobart Town, 5th July, 1805. Jul-V- The Supplies, which the Lt. Governor has been for some time in orders re expectation of receiving, not having arrived, and although they may j . at this moment be very near, yet it is necessary to make every possible kangaroo meat. saving of the Salted Provisions now remaining in Store; the Deputy Commissary will therefore receive Kangooroo at 8d. Per lb., if brought to the Store on Mondays and Fridays, and issue the same at the rate of 1 lb. of fresh for 1 lb. of Salted Meat.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 28th July, 1805. Th? Lt. Governor felt much satisfaction in witnessing the complete Commendation Execution of the Service,* which had been entrusted to Corp'l Cole of marines. and the small Party of Royal Marines under his Command; to whose conduct and the activity of Henry Hacking (who accompanied them), he ascribes the safety of the Governor Hunter Schooner, and the capture of the Six Convicts, who deserted from this Settlement in the night of the 22d Ulto. The failure of this last Attempt ought to convince every one, especially such People as may even now be so far infatuated as to meditate similar Schemes, how unlikely they are to succeed. To these more especially, the Lt. Governor would wish to point out the following Resuit of particulars of the several Convicts, who have at various times attempted attempts to to escape from the Settlement. Of 21 Convicts, who left the Public escaPe- Labour at Port Phillip in the full confidence of wholly effecting their escape thence, 7 perished miserably in the Woods, Vizt. James Taylor, Wm. Brown, George Lee, Jeremiah Buckley and Willm. Veospers.t It must be remembered that the three last were accompanied by Charles Shore, who, beingfired at and wounded, was brought back and is still suffering from the effect of the Shot, which he then received. The fate of these unfortunate Men was known by the return of David Gibson, who had accompanied but quitted them in. time to save his own Life. Six others returned to their Duty after an absence of a month, and to which they were induced by a conviction that the risk of Punishment at their return was preferable to a certainty of perishing if they went forward. Five others were pursued, and, being taken, received each a Corporal Punishment. And one other, an infirm old Man. John Jones, absconded on the 3d January, 1804, returned on the 23d of the same Month, and died through his fatigue on the 17th of the next, adding one more to the number of these unfortunate wretches, who perished through their own folly. Of the 14 Men, who deserted or attempted to desert from the Settle­ ment since its Establishment here, one James Price was- drowned while swimming on board the ship Myrtle; two others were detected and sent back in confinement from Port Jackson; 5 voluntarily returned, being fully convinced of the Impracticability of their Scheme; and 6 were recovered by the activity of the Corporal and his Party as already mentioned. The Lt. Governor therefore hopes that the. People in general will, from this view of these repeated attempts and failures, be at length persuaded that there is more difficulty in the way of their succeeding than they are able to overcome. * Note 266. t Note 267. 534 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. GENERAL ORDERS. August. Hobart Town, 2d Augt., 1805. Orders re The Deputy Surveyor General having reported to the Lt. Governor Bridge over that he had pointed out a proper Situation for a Bridge over the stream at rivulet, which divides the Farms at the Head of Stainsforth's Cove, Stainforth's and there appearing an unwillingness in the Settlers to assist each cove. other in a work so entirely calculated for their accommodation, the Lt. Governor is under the necessity of directing them to lose no time in beginning and constructing a Bridge over that part of the Rivulet, which has been marked out by the Surveyor; and, as he forbore issuing this order until their Seed Time should be over, so now he expects their ready compliance therewith. Issue of From the unexpected delay, which has taken place in the arrival of kangaroo meat. Supplies from England, as well as from the accident which deprived the Settlement of a large Proportion of the Provisions shipped on board the Sophia for the use thereof by order of the Governor in Chief, and from the necessity which consequently arises of making every possible saving of the Salted Meat yet remaining in the King's Stores, the Deputy Commissary will receive Kangooroo, for the purpose of issuing (in the proportion of 2 lb. of fresh meat for one of Salted), at Is. per lb. instead of 8d. as heretofore directed, that price being Rations. found in the present state of the Settlement insufficient." He will also issue the following weekly ration until further Orders, observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children:— Pork 2 lb. 10 oz. Wheat 2 lb. Flour 2 lb. Sugar 12 oz. Kangaroo meat Wheat Meal .... 2 lb. for public At the present season of the Year (and until further Orders), the ' stores. Kangooroo will be received into the Public Stores two days before the several serving Days, as well as on those days until 10 in the Morning, -which are at Hobart Town on Tuesdays and Saturdays, and at New Town Friday in each week.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart-town, 19th Augt., 1805. Rations. It. being necessary to make every possible saving in the Article of Flour, the Commissary will until further Orders issue the following ration, Viz. Pork 2 lb. 10 oz. Rice 2 lb. Wheat Meal 2 lb. Sugar 1 lb. Wheat 2 lb.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart-town, 23rd Augt., 1S05. Rations. The Wheat Meal being expended, one pound of Rice and one pound of Wheat will (until further Orders) be added to the ration of those Articles, ordered the 19th Instant. Payment for All Persons, who have received Breeding Sows from the Stock sows issued keeper, are forthwith to give in their names to the Commissary, pre­ from public paratory to their being called upon for Payment; and they are strictly stock. forbidden to kill, or sell any of the said Stock or their Produce to anyone without having obtained the Governor's permission for that purpose. GENERAL ORDERS. 535

GENERAL ORDERS: 1805I Hobart-town, 28th August, 1805. August. As the Health of the People is as much an object of Consideration , • as their sustenance in the present Substitution of Kangooroo for Salted ' ers re Meat, the Commissary will not receive any Kangooroo that appears v^no-aTo °f at green or at all tainted; and the Lt. Governor wishes the delivery of at stores. that Article at the Public Stores to be as near the several serving days as it can conveniently be made.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart-town, 4th Sepr., 1805. September. George Moss, a Sailor belonging to the Ship King George of Sydney, Escape of having broken out of the Watch house at this Place in the night of the G- Moss- 29th Ulto. and taken to the Woods to avoid being sent to his Ship, and he being known to be a very bad and dangerous Character, the Settlers and others possessing Stock are cautioned to be on their Guard against him, and on no account to suffer or harbour him near their Farms; and any Person, who shall be known to supply Mm, the said George Moss, with Provisions or give him. shelter in their Habitations after the Publication of this Order, will be prosecuted.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 7th Sepr., 1805. The Wheat being expended, the Commissary will issue the following Rations. ration this day, Vizt. Pork 2 lbs. 10 oz. Rice 3 lbs. Flour 3 lbs. Sugar 1 lb. and, on the Rice being expended, he will increase the allowance of Flour 1 lb.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 14th Sepr., 1805. The Lt. Governor having directed that a Quantity of Kangooroo Issue of soup. should be boiled into Soup at the General Hospital, one Quart thereof will be issued daily at the hour of Twelve to such Persons.as choose to apply for the same and until further Orders.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 21st Sepr., 1805. The Superintendant, charged with the Government Stock at New- care of hogs. town, being ordered to secure and send in to the Stock Yard at this Place whatever Hogs may be found trespassing in the Public Grounds, such Persons, residing there or who may own or keep for others any of these destructive Animals, are to prevent their getting amongst the Government Grain on pain of forfeiting them, if found there; and the Lt, Governor will not admit their inability to support them as an excuse for the mischief they may commit. It having been represented to the Lt. Governor that some of the Prohibition of People at present in the Employ of Mr. Campbell entertain an idea immigrants. that they will be readily received into this Settlement, he thinks it necessary to inform them that upon no account whatsoever will he suffer any one of them to be left here when the Ships are departing; and he requests the Person, who is Mr. Campbell's Agent here, to acquaint them that he will not allow any of them to come into this Town without they Produce a Pass signed by him, which is to be shewn to the Serjeant of the Guard at the Landing Place. 536 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. GENERAL ORDERS. October. Hobarttown, 2d Octr., 1805. Orders re A Calf having been stolen from the Stock Yard at Newtown and killed in the night of the 30th Ulto. by some Person or Persons at Reward for present unknown, the Lt. Governor, in order to discover the Per­ information re petrators of this Robbery, is pleased to offer and does hereby promise cattle stealing. to procure from His Excellency the Governor in Chief an uncon­ ditional Pardon for any Prisoner, whether Male or Female, who shall give him such Information as shall lead to the detection and Punish­ ment of the Person or Persons, who committed the same. Conduct And the Prisoners may rest assured that he shall very minutely of convicts. notice their conduct during the remainder of the Time, that the Settle­ ment must unavoidably be upon a reduced ration of Provisions, in order that he may know to whom it may be proper to grant Indul­ gences hereafter. Discontinuance A small supply of Provisions having been obtained from the Ship of issue of Richard and Mary, the Commissary will until further orders discontinue kangaroo meat. receiving Kangooroo into the Public Stores after Sunday, the 7th Instant. He will then settle the Account of what has been received from Individuals. On Saturday next he will issue Eight instead of 16 oz. of Sugar; the other Articles of the weekly ration will remain as before directed.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 27 Octr., 1805. Court martial The following Copy of a General Order, issued by His Excellency on J. Mileham. The Governor in Chief, has been transmitted to the Lieut. Governor for the purpose of being inserted in the General Orders of his Govern­ ment, Vizt. [Here followed a copy of the orders which will be found in enclosure No. 18, page 426, volume V, series I.]

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 29 Octr., 1805. Rations A small supply of Provisions having been received from Port Jackson in the Governor Hunter Schooner, the Commissary will issue the following ration weekly until further Orders. Ihe Civil, Military, and Free Settlers will continue at the ration now issued. To Male and Female Prisoners and Children. Beef 4 lb. 10 oz. Wheat 6 lb. or Pork 2 lb. Sugar 8 oz.

GENERAL ORDERS. November. Hobarttown, 1st Novr., 1805. Payment of All Persons, holding the Storekeeper's receipt for fresh Meat storekeeper's delivered at the Store, are required forthwith to present them to the receipts. Commissary for.Payment; and none will be attended to after the 8th Instant. Preservation The Overseers of the Timber Carriage Gangs, employed here and at of roadway. Newtown, are upon no account to leave any Limbs or Branches ot Trees upon the road; and it is the business of those Gangs to see that the Road is at all times kept free of Encumbrance. GENERAL ORDERS. 537

GENERAL ORDERS. 1305. Hobarttown, 8th Novr., 1805. November. The Commissary will issue the following ration weekly until further orders re Orders, Vizt. Rations. The Civil, Military and Free Settlers will continue at the ration before ordered. To Male Prisoners— Pork 4 lbs. Wheat 7 lbs. or Beef 4 lbs. Sugar 6 oz. observing the usual Proportion to Women and Children.

GENERAL ORDERS. "Hobarttown, 27 Novr., 1805. During the late reduced Ration of Provisions, the Lt. Governor did Hours of not insist upon a strict observance of the Hours, which had been labour. appointed in former orders for the performance of Public Labour; but, having lately been enabled to issue to each Person very nearly the full Ration directed by the Treasury, he had hoped it would have been unnecessary for him to have reminded them of the indulgence; but, understanding from the different Superintendents and Overseers that no alteration has been yet made in the Hours Of Labour, he directs that, until further Orders, the following be observed as such, Vizt. From 6 o'Clock in the Morning until 8. From 9 o'Clock until Noon. From -J past One o'Clock until 4 in the afternoon. And the Superintendents and Overseers, who have the direction of the Public Labour, will (when it may be necessary) allow Task work to be performed, proportion such Task work to the above Hours; and this is to be considered as a standing Regulation.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 14th Deer., 1805. December. Divine Service will be performed to-morrow and until further Orders Divine service. at 11 o'Clock, at which time the Lt. Governor expects the Prisoners will attend. Such of those, who may be desirous of sending Letters to England, Letters to may leave them with the Lt. Governor's Clerk until Wednesday Evening England. next.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 24th Deer., 1805. To-morrow being Christmas Day, the Commissary will issue 1 lb. of Christmas day. Flour to suck Persons only as receive Wheat. Divine Service will be performed to-morrow, if the Weather is Divine service. favourable, when the Lt. Governor expects a more numerous attendance than he has observed of late.

GENERAL ORDERS. .,„„. Hobarttown, 8 January, 1806. January. The Prisoners hereinafter named having absented themselves from Prisoners to be Public Labour and being now at large in the Woods, whence they outlawed. commit depredations on the Property of the Inhabitants of the Settle­ ment, the Lt. Governor hereby notifies that such of the said Prisoners, 538 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. as shall not have been taken or shall not have surrendered themselves January. on or before Saturday, the 18th Instant, shall be considered as Out­ laws, and dealt with accordingly. Vizt. Orders re John Rogers. Wm. Coalsworth. David Gibson. Adam Carmiehael. Edwd. Woolley. Mattw. Nelson. Augustus Morris.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 10th Jany., 1806. Harvest. The Commissary will issue during the Harvest to each Person em­ ployed therein at Newtown 1 lb. of Wheat Per Diem and 2 lb. of Salted Pork Per week extra; and, as it is necessary that no time should be lost in reaping and stacking the Grain, the People will con­ tinue working every day until the whole is secured. Labour on barn The Sawyers, Carpenters and Bricklayers, employed in erecting the at New town. Government Barn at Newtown, will continue working every day (Sun­ days not excepted), until it isfinished, for which extra work they shall be allowed time hereafter. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 17 Jany., 1806. Birthday To-morrow being the anniversary of the Day on which Her Majesty's of H.M. Birth is kept, the Detachment of Royal Marines willfire three rounds the Queen. on their parade at 12 o'Clock, after which 21 rounds will befired from the Ordnance in Honor of the Day.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 21st Jany., 1806. Emancipations His Excellency the Governor in Chief has been pleased, at the recom­ granted. mendation of the Lt. Governor, to grant a Conditional Emancipation,* bearing date the 18th of December, 1805, to each of thefive following Persons, ATizt. John Ronaldson. Christopher Forsha. Wm. Thomas. Urias Allender. David Wakefield. in consideration of their good Conduct, and for volunteering their Services by going in a Six Oar'd Cutter from Port Phillip to Port Jackson to announce the arrival of His Majesty's Ship Calcutta from England with an Establishment to form a Settlement at that Place under the direction of the Lt. Governor. Precautions The Lt. Governor deems it highly expedient at this particular Season against fires. to caution those who cultivate Ground within this Settlement against Fires, and to recommend the strictest attention in securing their Stacks of Corn therefrom. Bench of magistrates. A Bench of Magistrates will assemble to-morrow, the 22d Instant, at 11 o'Clock in the Forenoon, for the Trial of the several Prisoners who Collector of will be brought before them. quit rents. Mr. George Prideaux Harris is appointed Collector of the Quit Rents and Fees upon Grants and Leases of Landt within this Settlement, which he will remit from time to time as they are collected (retaining such as belong to himself in the Quality of Deputy Surveyor General) to the Governor's Secretary for the time being. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 31 Jany., 1806. There being at present a necessity for issuing Maize as part of the weekly ration in this Settlement, and a Quantity having been lately Note 26. Note 26S. GENERAL ORDERS. 539 received by the Ship Sophia from Port Jackson for that Purpose, the !so6. Deputy Commissary will issue to-morrow and until further orders the January. following Ration weekly, Vizt. OrdersTT" To the Superintendents and Non-Commission'd Officers and Privates of the Royal Marines. ' Ratlo^. Wheat 6 lb. Pork 4 lb. Flour 4 lb. Sugar 6 oz. To Settlers and Prisoners. Wheat 5 lb. Pork 4 lb. Maize 6 lb. Sugar 6 oz. observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children. James Lewis is appointed an Overseer of the. Gaol Gang. Overseer.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 10th March, 1806. March. A Body of People being expected from Sydney to be employed in Regulations for this River during the ensuing Fishing Season, and a part having bay whaling already arrived and taken a Station* in Relph's Bay under the direction stations. of Mr. Wm. Collins, that Gentleman is requested not to suffer any of his People to come into this Town without a Pass, signed by himself or by some one authorized thereto by him; and, as much interruption may be given to his Business, as well as a very improper intercourse carried on between the evil disposed of both places, by Boats belonging to Individuals here resorting thither without proper cause, the Lt. Gover­ nor hereby directs that no Person, who has the charge of a Boat belonging to any Inhabitant of this Settlement, presumes or attempts to land at any Place, where the business of the Fishery may be carrying on, or have any communication with any Ships or Vessels, which may be employed in this River or the adjacent Bays, without written authority and the knowledge of the Lt. Governor on pain (if a Private Boat) of being forfeited to the Crown. The Coxswains of the Government Boats and the People employed in burning Shells in Relph's Bay are equally prohibited from having communication with the People employed in the Fishery, and Mr. Collins will not fail to inform the Lt. Governor of all those who may be guilty of a Breach of this Order.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 18th March, 1806. The Flour being expended, the Commissary will until further Orders Rations. issue weekly the following Ration of Grain, Vizt. To the Non-Commission'd Officers and Privates of the Royal Marine Forces and Superintendents. Wheat 8 lbs. Maize 4 lbs. To Settlers and Prisoners. Maize 11 lbs. observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children. He will receive Wheat properly cleaned into His Majesty's Stores Purchase at Ten Shillings Per Bushel, which Article will be again issued, when °f wheat. a sufficient Quantity of the Produce of the last Season can be threshed •out; and the Lt. Governor, having had the gratification of proving that better Grain can no where be produced than that of the late Harvest, recommends it to all Persons holding Land to make every possible Progress in the Cultivation thereof that may be in their Power. * Note 156. 540 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. GENERAL ORDERS. April. Hobart Town, 13th April, 1806. His Excellency the Governor in Chief having directed the Execution Orders re of James Keating, capitally convicted by the Court of Criminal Judi­ Execution of cature, held at Sydney on the 1st day of February last, of robbing J. Keating. His Majesty's Stores at Port Dalrymple, to take place in this Settle­ ment, the Detachment of Royal Marines will attend the Execution of the Prisoner James Keating at 10 o'Clock to-morrow the 14th Instant. The Prisoners will attend at the same Hour, and the Lt. Governor hopes that the Governor's intentions, in placing this unhappy man before their Eyes as an Example of the awful end that awaits a Culprit of such magnitude, will have the proper and desired effect. Capture The Capture and arrival in His Majesty's Colonial Sehooner the of escaped Estremina of Robert Stewart and two of his deluded companions convicts. must convince the Prisoners of the extravagant Folly of endeavouring to effect their escape hence even in a Boat; and the Lt. Governor has no doubt that they will witness in the capture of the rest of his companions, which is certain, an consequent Punishment of the whole, the impossibility of their succeeding in such attempts.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 21st April, 1806. Issue of There being a necessity for making every possible saving of the kangaroo and Salted Meat remaining in His Majesty's Store, the Commissary will emu meat. receive Kangooroo or Emu at one Shilling per Pound, if brought to the Stores on Mondays and Fridays, taking in only the Hind Quarters perfectly sweet, and issuing the same at the rate of 2 lbs. of fresh for 1 lb. of Salted Meat.

GENERAL ORDERS. , May. Hobart Town, 2d May, 1S06. Payment of All Persons, holding the Storekeeper's Receipts for Kangooroo and storekeeper's fresh Pork, are to present them for Payment at the Commiss'y's Office receipts. on the 14th of July next. Emancipation His Excellency the Governor in Chief has been pleased, at the granted. request of the Lt. Governor, to grant a conditional emancipation to John Grove.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 19th May, 1806. Floods in New The Lieut. Governor, having received accounts from His Excellency South Wales. The Governor in Chief of great devastation having been recently occasioned by an unparalled Inundation* of the Settlers' Grounds at the Hawkesbury, the principal Agricultural district, by which on a rough estimate a loss of Property not less than £30,000 has been sustained, is compelled to recommend the strictest economy to every one in the Article of Grain; and, as from this untoward circumstance the Gover­ nor has not been enabled to furnish this Settlement with the Supply of Wheat that he designed for it, a part of which was to have arrived here in March last, and the remainder in the next ensuing Month of La nd to be June, it is become more than ever indispensably requisite to use every cultivated. exertion in Sowing the whole of the Public Grounds at New Town with wheat, a measure that, if our endeavours are blessed with success, will enable us less sensibly to feel either the delay that may attend the arrival of Supplies from England, or the accidents to which the resources from Port Jackson are liable. * Note 269. GENERAL ORDERS. 541

The Commissary is therefore directed to reduce the ration of Wheat, iso.6. at present issued to the Civil and Military Officers of the Settlement, May. 4 lbs., and that issued to the Detachment of Royal Marines, 2 lbs., a 0rders re deduction that shall continue no longer than until a sufficient quantity of Wheat is prepared for sowing the Public Grounds, if nothing should Katl°ns- in the mean time occur to render a continuance necessary. A small supply of Salted Pork having been received from Sydney, the Commissary will issue. weekly, until further orders, 2 lbs. of Salted Pork. 2 lbs. Fresh Pork. i lbs. Kangooroo or Emu. 4 lbs. Kangooroo or Emu. to each Person victualled from the Public Stores, observing the usual proportions to Women and Children; and, as the present supply of fresh Meat is greater than the Consumption, he will regulate his receipts thereof by his weekly expenditure. Samuel Bate, Esqr., the Deputy Judge Advocate of this Settlement, Appointment of having arrived in the ship King George, he is appointed a Magistrate S. Bate as for the County of Buckinghamshire and is to be observed as such. s

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 21st May, 1806. A few pair of Shoes having been forwarded from England in the Issue of shoes. Ship William Pitt, and received here by the King George, the Com­ missary will this day issue one pair of Shoes to each of the Drummers and Privates of the Royal Marines, and one pair to each of the Male Prisoners, whose names are contained in a List delivered to the Store­ keeper; as soon as more arrive, they will be issued to those who are not included in the present serving.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 27th May, 1806. From the great overplus of Kangooroo at present on Hand and the Kangaroo meat great loss that has already occurred from the impossibility of keeping delivered to it in a state of preservation by salting, the Commissary will discontinue s ores- generally receiving any fresh Meat until Friday, the 6th of next. Month, when he will be careful not to receive at any time a quantity greater than there is occasion for from one issuing day to another. He will issue Barley to those entitled to receive Wheat in the Issue of grain. proportion of 50 lbs. of Barley to 56 lbs. of Wheat, until further orders; and, as it is the Interest of every one, during the present scarcity of Grain, to apply it to no other use than that of forming that essential Article of Food, Bread, the Lt. Governor prohibits in the strictest manner all Persons whatever in the Settlement from applying prohibition it to the purpose of Brewing. Any Settler, who shall be convicted of brewing. before the Bench of Magistrates of acting in opposition to this order, will incur a Penalty of Twenty Pounds, and on repetition of the offence will be sent from the Settlement. Any of the Prisoners offend­ ing herein will be punished by the Magistrates, who are requested to pay particular attention to this order. The quantity of Maize remaining in the Settlement being very Ration of inconsiderable, the Lt. Governor is under the painful necessity of maize. reducing the ration of that article, as it is at' present issued, the Commissary being directed to issue only 6 lbs. to each Male Prisoner, observing the usual proportion to Women and Children; and the Lt. Governor trusts that it will be very shortly in his Power to put the Settlement upon a better ration. 542 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. GENERAL ORDERS. May. Hobart Town, 29th May, 1806. Orders re A Burglary having been committed in the House of Mr. Thomas Rewards for Clarke, the Superintendent at New Town, in the night of the 27th information re Inst., and Six Bushels of Wheat, the property of Government, having burglary and been stolen therefrom, the Lt. Governor is hereby pleased to offer to illicit brewing. procure a free Pardon for any Prisoner, who shall discover the offender or offenders herein, and to any one, who shall produce the said Six Bushels of Wheat or any part thereof, the half of whatever quantity of the said wheat, he may deliver to either Mr. Thomas Clarke at New Town, or to the Storekeeper at Hunter's Island; and whoever, in consequence of the General Order of the 27th Instant, shall give Information to the Bench of Magistrates of any Person incurring the Penalty of Twenty Pounds by a Breach of that part of the Order, which prohibits applying wheat or other Grain to the purposes of brewing, shall, upon his conviction, receive the whole of the aforesaid Penalty. Bench of A Bench of Magistrates will assemble to-morrow at Eleven o'Clock magistrates. in the Forenoon for the purpose of taking into consideration such circumstances respecting the present state of the Settlement as the Lt. Governor will submit to them. Thomas Hayes, the Settler, will attend the above Meeting.

GENERAL ORDERS. June. Hobart Town, 2d June, 1806. Birthdav Wednesday next being the Anniversary of His Majesty's Birth, the of H.M. the Detachment of Royal Marines will in honor of the dayfire thre e King. rounds on their Parade at 12 o'Clock, after which 21 rounds will be fired from the Ordnance.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 9th June, 1806. Public bakers. -A- Bench of Magistrates having been convened by the Lt. Governor on the 30th Ulto. to take into their consideration the present situation of the Colony, and having reported to him their Proceedings, it is hereby directed that, from and after the Publication of this Order, there shall not be within the Settlement more than four Public Bakers, who alone are to bake Bread for the Inhabitants during the Six next ensuing Calender Months; that no Bread shall be made during the present scarcity, which shall be of afiner qualit y than a sample House­ hold Bread, which was produced by Richard Coleman and approved by the Magistrates, and for which the Bakers are allowed to charge 8d. per lb., and 4£ per lb. for Bread of an inferior quality. That the Price of wheat, price of Wheat shall not be more than 25s. per Bushel, and that any Person, offering or giving more than the above mentioned Prices, shall upon Conviction before a Magistrate incur a Penalty of Ten Pounds. It is further ordered that no Grain whatever shall be removed from one Settlement to another (that for the Public Service excepted) with­ out a permit, signed by a Magistrate or by the Superintendent at New Town, who will be careful to ascertain that the Grain to be removed had been dishonestly obtained. GENERAL ORDERS. 543

And, as from the above regulation there can be no present use for isoe. the Mills which are in the possession of divers Individuals, all such June. Persons, who may be required to give them up, are to comply im- mediately with the requisition. Orders re The undermentioned Persons are appointed Public Bakers for the Public baker.? Six Calender Months next ensuing the date hereof, viz. appointed. Richard Coleman, Thos. Riley, and Jno. Edwards, the Widow Piroelle; and they will deliver, on Tuesdays and Saturdays to the Bench of Magistrates, an Account of all such Grain as they may from time to time receive, specifying the quantity and the name of the Bringer. The Surgeon having repeatedly complained that the Patients in the Hospital Hospital absent themselves therefrom, without Permission and contrary Pat'ellt'' to the regulations thereof, any Patient, who shall in future go beyond the limits of the Hospital withont, shall be severely punished. The Judge Advocate having requested the Lt. Governor to Pardon Remission the Prisoners now under sentence of Corporal Punishment, he is pleased oi sentences. to comply with his request, but admonishes them to recollect that Punishment will fall doubly heavy on them, when they offend again. The Centinels at the different Posts will not suffer any Person what- Duty of ever to pass them without giving the Countersign, and any Person, sentinels. refusing to advance when challenged, will befired at .

GARRISON ORDERS. Hobart Town, 16th June, 1806. THE Commanding Officer, having received an application from the Terms and Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates of the Detachment praying conditions of to be informed upon what Terms and Conditions they came out to this marine"1 Country, acquaints them that, from the circumstance of his having detachment. been furnished by the Secretary of State, in his quality of Lieut. Governor, with the assurances that were given to thefirst Detachment of the same Corps that was sent on a similar service to New South Wales, he has reason to suppose they were meant for his guidance with respect to that now serving in this Settlement, and for whose informa­ tion he now states what those assurances were, vizt.:— That such of them, as should have behaved well, should be allowed to quit the service upon their return to England, or be discharged abroad upon the relief designed to take place at the expiration of three Years after their landing, and be permitted to settle in the Country. That, in the event of any of them becoming Settlers, the following encouragement was held out:— To every Non-Commissioned Officer an allotment of 130 Acres of Land, if single, and of 150 Acres, if married. To every private Soldier 80 Acres of Land if single, 100 if married, and 10 Acres of Land for each Child at the time of the allotment taking place, free of all fees, taxes, quit-rents and other acknowledge­ ments, for the Term of 5 Years, then to be liable to an annual quit- rent of One Shilling for every 50 Acres, to be supplied with Clothing and One Year's Provisions with Seed, Grain, Tools, and Implements of Agriculture, and on its appearing that they can maintain, feed and clothe them, a certain number of Convicts is to be assigned to each of them for Labour. 544 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. GENERAL ORDERS. June. Hobart Town, 23d June, 1806, Orders re The Maize being expended, the Commissary will issue the following Rations. ration until further Orders, viz. To Civil and Military and Free Persons 4 lb. Wheat To Prisoners each 3 lbs. of Do. Observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children.

GENERAL ORDERS. July. Hobart Town, 7th July, 1806. Issue of There being a necessity of suspending the Issue of Salted Pork since kangaroo and the 28th Ulto., and 8 lbs. of Kangooroo or Emu having been substituted emu meat. in lieu thereof, the Commissary will continue to receive either generally and issue the same weekly in the above Proportions of 8 lbs. of Kan­ gooroo or Emu for 4 lbs. of Salted Pork to each Male Prisoner, until further orders. He will also issue \ lb. of Salt to each Mess of 6 Persons on the next Provision day. Protection of As some Public and Private Stock have lately been destroyed by live stock. some Miscreants not yet discovered, the Lt. Governor recommends it to the Officers and others possessing Stock not to trust the watching them during the night wholly to their servants, but to pay particular attention to them themselves; and, as they are provided with Fire Arms, it is hoped that some of these Depredators may meet the end they deserve.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 13th July, 1S06. Delivery of The Commissary will not receive Kangooroo or Emu generally into kangaroo and the Public Stores, until Monday the 21st Instant. emu. Mr. Thomas Clarke, Superintendent, is hereby requested and autho- stolenproperty rizecl to search any Hut, at any Hour, that he may suspect to contain Stolen Property, and to take such steps as may appear to him best calculated to discover and detect the Nest of Thieves that are con­ stantly committing depredations on Public and Private Property. Permits It is ordered that no Cask or Package whatever be sent on board of for cargo. any Ship bound to Port Jackson or elsewhere (Officers' Baggage excepted), without a regular Permit, signed by the Lt. Governor; and the Masters of the Ships, now in the River, are to be careful in not suffering any Boats, belonging to the Settlement, to come alongside them without producing a Pass signed by him.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 19th July, 1806. Rations. The Commissary will this day and until further orders issue only 2 lbs. of Wheat to each Male Prisoner, and on Tuesday only 3 lbs. of Flour or Wheat to the Civil, Military and Free Persons. The Ration of Meat continues as before directed. Appointment Henry Hacking* is placed upon the List of Superintendents as Pilot of pilot. to this Harbour from the 14th Instant. He will take into his charge all the Government Boats and their Crews. Letters for Such Persons, as may be desirous of sending Letters to England, England. may leave them at the Governor's Office the whole of next week. Note 37. GENERAL ORDERS. 545

GENERAL ORDERS. jgoe. Hobart Town, 22d July, 1806. Ju]y- The Commissary will issue weekly 2 lbs. of Kangooroo in addition orders re to the ration of Salted Pork, allowed to the Civil Military and Free Persons, until further orders. The Watchman at this place and New Town are not on any account Watchmen. to absent themselves without leave from either Settlement, nor are they on any Pretence to exchange Duties with each other. Mr. Thomas Clarke has the direction of the Watch at New Town, and he will appoint to that office such Persons as he may deem proper to be entrusted therewith.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 23rd July, 1806. During the present scarcity of Grain, the following Hours of Labour Hours of are appointed, viz. from 7 in the morning until i past 8, and from 9 labour. until 12 at noon, Tuesdays and Saturdays excepted, when they will leave off at 11; and the Superintendents and Overseers are to see that this Order is complied with. The Timber Carriage Gang will bring in one Piece of Timber each working day.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 25th July, 1806. In order to discover the abandoned and Infamous Perpetrator or Reward for Perpetrators of the destruction of the Hospital Stores, which was information r, effected between the Hours of three and four this morning by setting atTospft"™ it on Fire in several places, the Lieut. Governor, in the hope that such vile, detestable and atrocious miscreants may be brought to Justice, is hereby pleased offer the following rewards, viz. To any Prisoner, Male or Female (the actual incendiary or Incen­ diaries alone excepted), who shall give such Information respecting the Person or Persons, who committed the above act, so as that he or they can be fully convicted thereof, a free Pardon, a Passage to England free of all expence, a security for his or her Person until he or she can embark, and the Sum of One Hundred Pounds sterling on Con­ viction of the offender or Offenders. And, in order that the Inhabitants of the Settlement may judge of the necessity and propriety of bringing these daring offenders to Justice, the Lt. Governor acquaints them that there were destroyed, of the Hospital Stores, 212 Pair of Sheets, a quantity of Bedding, Cloathing, Portable Soup, Medicine, Childbed Linen, Glass and Pewter Utensils, a loss that must be felt by every Individual in the Colony, who may hereafter have occasion through illness to apply to the General Hospital for relief or assistance. The Lieutenant Governor is persuaded that this was an attempt to intimidate a Witness from prosecuting two wretches, now in confine­ ment, and that the contrivance of it is known to more than one Person; he, therefore, thinks it necessary to inform the Prisoners that it is determination not to apply to His Excellency the Governor in Chief for an extension of His Majesty's Clemency for any Individual, now in the Settlement, until the Perpetrator or Perpetrators of this destructive mischief shall be discovered. He, therefore, calls upon all the Prisoners, in whose behalf he was now applying to the Governor in Chief for Free Pardons or emancipations, to unite their endeavours to discover them, more particularly if they are desirous of not being considered as of a Party SERwit. hIII suc. hVOL unprinciple. 1—2 M d wretches. 546 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. GENERAL ORDERS. August. Hobart Town, 11th August, 1806. Orders re A small supply of Provisions having been received from Port Jack­ Rations. son, the Commissary will issue the following ration until further orders, viz. To Officers Civil and Military. Salted Pork 4 lbs. Meal 4 lbs. Salted Beef 6 lbs. Maize 2 lbs. To Male Prisoners. Meal 2 lbs. Salted Pork 4 lbs. Maize 2 lbs. Salted Beef 6 lbs. Kangooroo 4 lbs. observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 16th August, 1806. Battle of The Lieutenant Governor having received Accounts of the unparralled Trafalgar. and Glorious Victory, obtained by His Majesty's Fleet under the Com­ mand of the Gallant and distinguished Hero of the Nile, the late Lord Viscount Nelson, over the Combined Fleet of France and Spain on the 21st of October, 1805, will on the Settling of the Weather appoint a day to be observed as a day of Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 19th August, 1806. Thanksgiving The Lieutenant Governor having appointed Friday next, the 22d for victory. Instant, to be observed as a day of Thanksgiving for the late Glorious success, which attended His Majesty's Arms over the combined Fleets of the Enemy off Cape Travalgar on the 21st of October last, Divine Service wiU commence precisely at \ past 9 o'Clock in the forenoon of that day, when the Lt. Governor expects the attendance of every Person, not prevented therefrom by Sickness or other unavoidable Cause. At 12 o'Clock, a Royal Salute wiU be fired from the Ordnance on the Parade. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 21st August, 1806. Issue of On Saturday next, at 9 in the morning, the Commissary will issue to clothing. each Female Prisoner, 1 Jacket, 1 Cap, 1 Petticoat, 1 Pair of Shoes, and distribute 2 lbs. of White Thread among them. Such of the Male Prisoners, as may be in want of Thread to repair their Cloathing, will each receive an order on making application at the Lt. Governor, s Office the beginning of the week. GENERAL ORDERS. September. Hobarttown,* 5 September, 1806. Rations. The Meal received by the Estremina being nearly expended, the Commissary will issue to Male Prisoners 4 lbs. of Maize in lieu thereof, observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children. Boat traffic. It is again ordered that no Boat whatsoever, the Government or Pilot Boat excepted, presumes to board any Ship or Vessel coming into * Note 142. GENERAL ORDERS. 547 this River, until Permission has been obtained for that Purpose, unless 1806. their assistance should be required by the Commander or Master of such September. Ship or Vessel. Orders re No Private Boats are ever to go down the River without Permission from the Lt. Governor.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 15th Sepr., 1806. The frequent Robberies and depredations, which disgrace this Settle- Night watch to ment and for which the shortness of the Ration is not an excuse, could be superseded never be committed, and the Perpetration thereof remain undiscovered, patrol1 &ry if the Night Watch did their duty; but -this can scarcely be expected, while it continues to be composed of Persons, who are connected with the Thieves, and who moreover are fearful of acting against them. In order, therefore, to form a Police, that can be depended upon and which will carry with it a respectability that the present Night Watch cannot command, a Military Patrole is appointed, whose duty com­ mences at the Beating of the Retreat in the Evening and continues until Reviellie Beating in the Morning, during which time they will apprehend and confine every Male and Female Prisoner (Servants excepted), who shall be found by them in the Streets of this Settlement and that at Newtown after dark; they will enter all suspicious Houses and, being provided with Arms, will in case of resistance compel obedience to their Authority. As it is of the utmost consequence to the welfare of the Settlement Convicts to that a check should be given to the Licence, which the Prisoners have remain in assumed of absenting themselves from their Huts during the Night,hut s at nisnt- the Lt. Governor hereby strictly prohibits the continuance of such a Practice, and assures them that no excuse will be admitted from any one of them (Servants excepted on lawful business), Male or Female, who shall be apprehended by the Military Patrole after the Publication . of this Order. GARRISON ORDERS. Hobarttown, 16 Sepr., 1806. The present state of the Settlement requiring, in a more particular Formation of manner, the assistance of the Military employed therein, a Patrole, military patrol. consisting of One Serjeant, One Corporal and Six Privates, will assemble at the Main Guard every Evening, and until further Orders at Sunset, for the purpose of patrolling the different streets of this Town, and those of Newtown, when they will apprehend all Prisoners, Male and Female (Servants excepted, who may be going on the Busi­ ness of their Employers), who shall be found out of their Huts after dark and lodge them in the Guard House; the Serjeant, who has the charge of the Patrole, reporting his Proceedings every Morning to the Officer of the week on the Parade, who will report the same to the Commanding Officer. Should any unforeseen circumstance occur during the Night, which would require the assistance of the Detach­ ment off duty, the Serjeant of the Patrole will make application to the Officer of the Week, who shall direct such assistance to be furnished as he may judge requisite. They will be furnished with the Countersign, and proceed with the utmost silence, separating and dividing themselves in such a manner that it shall never be known at any one time where they are. The Main Guard will be their general rendezvous. 548 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. The Non Commissioned Officers for the duty are Serjeant James September. McCauley and Corporal Thomas Cole; the Privates John Bellingham, James Spooner, John Downes, Sam'l Sudriek, John Taylor (1), and Orders re Hugh Germain.

GENERAL -ORDERS. Hobarttown, 19th Sepr., 1806. Rations. The Commissary will issue the following Ration weekly until further Orders, Viz. To Civil, Military and Free Persons 4 lbs. of Pork or 6 lbs. of Beef. 6 lbs. Kangooroo. To Male Prisoners 2 lbs. of Pork or 3 lbs. of Beef. 10 lbs. of Kangooroo, when Salted Meat is not issued.

GENERAL ORDERS. October. Hobarttown, 6th Octr., 1806. Supplies of There being a necessity for making every possible saving in the kangaroo meat. article of Salt Provisions, the L. Governor hopes and expects that every Person, who possesses the means, will use the utmost exertions in furnishing the Publie Store with Kangooroo, until the Supplies, which are daily expected and which the present tempestuous Weather may retard, shall arrive. The Officers, who have had the Services of several Men for this purpose, will inform their People that, if they continue to exert themselves in this season of distress, their conduct will he noticed and rewarded, a circumstance that wiU afford the Lt. Governor the greatest satisfaction to report; and, as the only work, that he has Erection of now in view, is what the whole are interested in, a Building to reeeive store. the Rice that is on its Passage from India, he expects that the Sawyers and Carpenters will not lose any time in preparing the Timber neces­ sary for that useful Purpose. He regrets that the Settlement is so uncomfortably circumstanced; but he assures the People at large that he has every reason to believe that Stores and Provisions expressly designed for their use have been received at Port Jackson, and that they must at this Hour be on their way hither. He, therefore, calls upon every one to demean themselves patiently and orderly, which will entitle them to his approbation and favour hereafter.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 10th October, 1806. W. Bligh as The Lieut. Governor has received an official notification from His governor. Excellency Wm. Bligh, Esquire, of his having taken upon himself the Government of the Territory of New South Wales and its dependencies in pursuance of His Majesty's Pleasure to that effect. Payments by All Persons, holding Receipts for Kangooroo delivered at the Public commissary. Stores, are to present them at the Commissary's Office for Payment on the 14th Instant, on which day the Salaries of the Superintendents will be Paid. General muster. The Commissary will hold a Muster of the Settlers and the Prisoners belonging to the Settlement on Friday, the 17th Instant; he will take an account of the Live Stock in Possession of the Settlers and the Quantity of Ground they have now cleared and in cultivation. Public accounts. The Commissary will forthwith prepare the Public Accounts of the Colony up to the 14th Instant. GENERAL ORDERS. 549

A Quantity of Hemp Seed having been sent hither in the King isoe. George, such of the Settlers, who may have Ground adapted to its October. culture and are desirous of sowing it, will state to Mr. Thos. Clark _ , at Newtown the quantity each can sow, when a distribution of it will be made to them from the Publie Store. Hemp seed' It is necessary to observe to them that Hemp requires a rich Soil, and from Eleven to Twelve Pecks are sufficient for one acre.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 16th October, 1806. A supply of Salted Meat having been received into the Settlement Rations. Per the Ship King George, the Commissary will issue the following Ration weekly until further Orders, Vizt. To all Males 9 lbs. of Beef 7 lbs. Kangooroo. or 6 oz. Sugar. 5* lbs. Pork. observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children. The Kangooroo is directed to be issued as the best Equivalent the Stores can furnish in lieu of Flour or Grain; and the Lt. Governor expects, altho' these essential Articles of Food are at present unhappily wanting, that the People, who are employed in procuring the Kan­ gooroo, will resume their former Exertions for that purpose, which the great Increase in the Ration of Meat will very well enable them to do. Robert Stewart, John Harris and Wm. Brown having been discharged Prisoners from Confinement without Trial in consequence of the General Pardon, \y egajj^ on which His Excellency Govr. Bligh was pleased to extend to all Crim- assumption of inals upon his assuming the Government of the Territory, the Lt. government. Governor is pleased to liberate the four Prisoners now in confinement in the Guard House; and, as he hopes that a similar occasion for shewing Lenity will not soon again occur, he trusts that the present Instance will not be thrown away upon the Individuals who have the benefit of it. A Government Investment* having been received from Port Jackson, Sale of consisting of a few useful Articles, which are to be disposed of for government ready money, the same will be opened for Sale at the Commissary's House on Monday next, the 20th Instant, between the Hours of Ten and twelve in the forenoon, and on the Friday following at the same Hour, and will continue to be open on those days in the week until the whole is disposed of. All orders for articles of the above Invest­ ment are to be previously presented to the Lt. Governor for his signa­ ture. Fifty Per Cent, is to be charged on the Invoice Price. John Maguire is appointed an Overseer of Convicts. John Maguire.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 17th October, 1806. A small Quantity of Spirits having been received into the Public issue of spirits. Stores, the following Distribution thereof is made:— To the Civil and Military Officers ea 15 Gallons To Superintendents 6 Gallons and Settlers 5 „ To the Detachment of Royal Marines 20 „ which will be issued by the Commissary after the departure of the King George.

* Note 183. 550 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. GENERAL ORDERS. October. ' Hobarttown, 26 October, 1806. The following Hours for Labour are appointed until further Orders, Orders re Vizt. Hours of labour. From 6 o'Clock in the Morning until I past 8, and from 9 o'Clock until Noon. The Superintendents and Overseers are directed to attend to the Punctual Execution of this Order. All Prisoners now absent in the Woods are required to surrender themselves on or before the 1st of November.

GENERAL ORDERS. November. Hobarttown, 3d November, 1806. Rations. A small supply of Biscuit and Flour having been received from the Ship -Ferret, the Commissary will issue the following weekly Ration until further Orders. To Civil, Military, Superintendents, and Free Persons Pork 5$ lbs. or Beef 9 lbs. Flour 1 lb. and Biscuit 2 lb. To Male Prisoners, the above Ration of Salted Meat and 2 lb. of Biscuit, observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children. The Commissary will not receive Kangooroo into the Publie Stores after to-morrow until further Orders.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 23d Novr., 1806. Muster at The Commissary will hold a General Muster of the Settlers and the New town. People at New Town on Monday, the 1st of Decemr. The Muster of the Settlers will take place at 11 in the Forenoon, when they will meet the Commissary at the House of Mr. John Blinkworth, and come prepared with an Account in Writing, stating the Quantity of Ground located to each and the Progress made by each in cultivation. A Muster will be held the following day of all the Male and Female Prisoners at this Place previous to the issue of Provisions, and the Commissary will only serve those who attend. The Officers are requested to send a List of their Servants on that day to the Commissary. Duty of Complaints having been made by some of the Settlers that their assigned servants. Serv'ts frequently absent themselves without their knowledge or Per­ mission, these People are acquainted that they are not allowed to quit the Service of their Masters on any pretence whatever without their leave; for the Service, that is due from them to the Crown, is vested in the Master* during the Time they remain with them, and they would be equally liable to Punishment as if they had absented themselves from Publie Labour. The Lieutenant Governor finds it necessary to refer to an Order, issued by him at Port Phillip on the 30th Novemr., 1803, wherein the Prisoners and their Wives were prohibited from having any dealings or transactions whatever with the Military serving in this Settlement. That Order is hereby strictly enforced, and a breach of it will subject the Offenders to Punishment. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 30th Novr., 1806. The Settlers, who arrived with the Lieut. Governor from England, having applied to him for further Assistance and to be furnished with

* Note 14. GENERAL ORDERS. 551 their Stock, He informs them that they must be well acquainted with 1806 the Causes which have hitherto prevented their receiving the full November. Assistance to which they were entitled. These Obstacles are not yet - - removed; nevertheless well knowing that their Claim is founded in rc( s Justice, he will give each of them an additional Man. But, as it is £e°™?* ni^ absolutely necessary these People should reside wholly where they are to settlers. employed, they will not be sent to their respective Farms untill the Settlers can make it evident to the Lt. Govr. that they have proper Habitations for them to live in; and they are to understand that they are not to interchange their Servants with each other, or let them out for hire upon any Account. The Lieut. Governor will direct Mr. Thos. Clark to issue from the Livestock Stock at Newtown 2 Ewe Sheep to each Settler, which are to be con- for settlers. ^ sidered as totally unalienable 'till the Second Generation; That is, they are not to dispose of the Ewe and itsfirst Lamb , but the second and all future Lambs may be sold at the will of the Proprietor.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 4th Decemr., 1806. December. Divine Service will be performed regularly every Sunday in the Divine service. Forenoon untill further Orders. The small supply of Flour and Biscuit, which was received from Issue of the Ferret, being, expended, and it being necessary to make every g^meat. saving possible in the Article of salted Meat, the Commissary will, untill further Orders, again receive Kangaroo or Emu into the Public Stores, paying for the same One Shilling and Sixpence per lb., issuing it at the rate heretofore directed. The first issue to be on Tuesday next, the 1st Instant. None will be received on any other Day than the one preceeding the usual Victualling Day; and the Commissary will be careful, as at this Season of the year it must be salted, not to receive at any time a greater quantity than is. actually wanted_, nor any that appears green or in the least tainted.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 8th Deer., 1806. Great Inconveniences having been experienced in the present mode Regulation of issuing the Provisions, the Storekeeper will form the whole of the for issue of Prisoners, Male and Female, into Messes of Six Persons, in which Pr°VIS1o«s. proportion the Commissary will issue the Provisions in future. As it cannot be expected at this Season that a quantity of Kangoroo iSSUe of sufficient to issue to every one can be received, the Comm'y will issue kangaroo meat. 7 lb. thereof to each Person, as far as the quantity he has received will enable him, deducting 1| lb. of salted Pork or 2 lb. of salted Beef from those who receive 7 lb. of Kangoroo. As the preservation of the Stock now in the Settlement is of the Care of greatest consequence, the least neglect in the care thereof by the several live stock. Stock-keepers, either Public or Private, wiU be severely punished. The Lieut. Governor highly commends the vigilance which has been Military shewn by the Military Patrole since their Establishment. patrol.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 24th Decemr., 1806. To-morrow being, Christmas Day, Divine Service will be performed Christmas day. at the usual Hour, when the Lieut. Governor expects every one to attend, who is not prevented by Sickness or other sufficient cause. 552 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806 ^he Lieut. Governor, observing several Huts unfinished and Gardens December, uncultivated, gives notice to the Owners thereof that, if they are not forthwith compleated, they will be given to those who will make a better use of them.

1807. GENERAL ORDERS. January. Hobarttown, 10th Jany., 1807. Orders re All Persons holding the Storekeeper's Receipts for Kangorroo, Payment of whether of the Quarter ending the 14th Inst., or of any preceeding storekeeper's receipts. Quarter, are to present them at the Commissary's Office on the 14th and call for payment on the 19th Instant; and such Receipts, as are not Salaries. presented on that day, will not be paid at any future time. The Salaries of the Storekeeper, Superintendents and others will be Care of huts. paid on the 14th Instant. The Persons, occupying Huts in the different parts of the Town, are to keep them free from Rubbish and other obstructions, each Person clearing them away from before his own Premises. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 16th Jany., 1807. Birthday On Monday next, the 19 Instant, 21 Guns will befired a t 12 o'Clock of H.M. from the Ordnance on the Parade in Honor of Her Majesty. the Queen. Boats Several Complaints having been preferred to the Lieut. Governor of borrowed People employed in Hunting taking the Boats of Individuals without for hunting. their knowledge, whereby several of them have been damaged and great loss occasioned to the Owners thereof; It is hereby Ordered that no Person or Persons whatever do presume to take any Boat not their own Property without leave from the Owners on pain of being severely punished. GENERAL ORDERS. February. Hobarttown,. 7th Feby., 1807. Maximum price for wheat. It having been represented to the Lieut. Governor that such of the Settlers, who are possessed of Wheat the growth- of this Season, have combined together and entered into a Resolution to raise the Price of their Grain from four to six Pounds p. Bushel; It is hereby ordered that no Person whatsoever, in or belonging to this Settlement, shall offer or give a greater Price than four Pounds for One Bushel of Wheat. The Motives for this advance of the Settlers upon their Wheat are well known to the Lieut. Governor, and he is determined to prevent such a shameful ImpositionGENERAL . ORDERS. March. Hobarttown, 4th March, 1807. Road to A Meeting of the Settlers at Stainsforth's Cove having been held at Stainforth's Newtown on Monday, the 2d Instant, whereat it was determined by cove. the Majority of the Settlers present that a convenient Road sho'd be made through the Farm of Thomas Hayes, and a Bridge erected over the run of water that separates the Farms, and, the same having been submitted to the Lieut. Governor, he hereby signifies his approbation thereof and of the pecuniary aids, which they propose to contribute towards the eompleating of the above highly beneficial Works. The Superintendent of the Government Farm at Newtown is directed to give such assistance with the Bullocks, as may be required by Thomas Hayes, who has engaged to carry into execution the Resolutions of the Meeting. GENERAL ORDERS. 553

GENERAL ORDERS. 1807 Hobarttown, 13th March, 1807. March- A supply of Rice having been received from India, the Commissary orders re will issue the following Ration of that Article weekly until further R.lH„„c a . rwiu ions. Orders, vizt. To those who have Wheat, 3 lb. of Rice. To others, 7 lb. p. Man, observing the usual proportions for Women and Children. The Ration of salted and fresh Meat will continue as it is at present for some Time longer.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 24th March, 1807. The Lieut. Governor, having received an Order from His Excellency Prohibition Governor Bligh, prohibiting in future the bartering or paying Spirituous of barter Liquors for Grain, Animal Food, Labour, Wearing Apparel, or any ln sPints- other Commodity whatever in the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, hereby publishes the said Order for the guidance and information of the Inhabitants of this Settlement, and all Officers, Civil and Military, are requested, to be aiding and assisting in carrying the said Order into execution according to the full intent and meaning thereof. [Here followed a copy of the general orders issued at Sydney under date 14th February, 1807.] A Meeting of the Magistrates will be- held on Friday, the 27th Bench of Instant, for the purpose of enquiring into such Circumstances as the magistrates. Lieut. Governor shall lay before them.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 2d April, 1807. APril- A further Supply of Rice and Wheat having been received by the Rations. Estremina from Port Jackson, the Commissary will issue untill further Orders the following Ration of Provisions weekly to all Description of Persons within the Settlement, Vizt. Beef 7 lb. Wheat 5 lb. or Pork 4 lb. Rice 4 lb. observing the usual proportions to Women and Children. In consequence of issuing the above Ration, the. Commissary will discontinue receiving Kangorroo into the Public Stores; and the People, who have been employed in procuring it, are immediately to be called in and return to Public Labour. The following Hours for Labour are to be strictly observed, a Hours of Breach of which will subject the Offender to immediate corporal labour. Punishment. From Daylight untill i past 8, From 9 untill 12 at Noon, From i past 1 untill 4 in the Afternoon. A Muster of the Settlers will be held on Monday next, the 6th Muster of Inst., agreable to a Form, which the Commissary has received from the settlers. Lieut. Governor. Such Officers, who have had Ground located to them, will send an Account in Writing to the Commissary of the state of their respective Farms, number of Cattle and Servants. 554 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. GENERAL ORDERS. April. Hobarttown, 12th April, 1807. Orders re All Persons, holding the Storekeeper's Receipts for Kangarroo received in this Quarter, will present them to the Commissary for Pay­ Payments by commissary. ment on the 14th Instant, on which Day the Salaries of the Superin­ tendants and Overseers will be paid. Discharge of The Commissary will discharge the following Persons from the Civil civil officials. Establishment of this Settlement. Mr. John Jubal Sutton Superintendant. Mr. William Patterson Do. Peter McGuire Overseer. Appointment The following Persons are appointed to the Duty of Overseers. of overseers. John Avery in the room of William Parish. John Clark in the room of Peter McGuire. Issue of Persons, desirous of obtaining Seed Wheat or Barley, will receive seed grain. the same from Mr. Thomas Clark at Newtown, in proportion to the ground each may have in Cultivation.

GENERAL ORDERS. May. Hobarttown, 7th May, 1807. issue and The Commissary having represented to the Lieut. Governor the bad receipt of quality of the salted Meat now on Issue from His Majesty's Stores, he -angaroo meat. ^g once more compelled to direct that Kangorroo be again received and issued as a part of the Weekly Ration under the following Regulations. There will be two days in each Week for receiving Kangorroo, Mondays and Fridays, for which purpose the Store will be opened on three Days from 9 in the Morning untill 12 at Noon, and upon no Account will any be received that may be brought after that Time. A Non-Commissioned Officer from the Royal Marines will attend at the Store during the above Hours to see the Kangorroo weighed, and that none is received but what is fresh and proper to issue; he wiU also sign the Storekeeper's Receipt, and nO Receipt will be paid at the end of the Quarter that is not so signed. Thefirst Receivin g Day will be on Monday next, the 11th Inst., and the Commissary will issue 7 lb. p. Man p. Week, observing the nsual proportion to Women and Children. Rewards to attendants at The Storekeeper having taken the unwarrantable Liberty of issuing publie stores. to the Attendants at the Store an unlimited extra Allowance of Pro­ visions, the Lieut. Governor directs that no such extra Allowance be made to them in future. Should the Commissary on any particular Occasion think their Services deserving of Reward, he will give them such as he thinks proper, taking care to account for whatever he may so issue in his Expenditure of Provisions or Stores.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 11th May, 1807. Kangaroo meat A Supply of salted Meat having been sent from Sydney in the Ship discontinued. Elizabeth for the use of this Settlement, the Commissary will dis­ continue receiving Kangorroo from this Day. Naval officer. The Lieut. Governor having been pleased to appoint Mr. William Collins to be Naval Officer and Inspector of Public Works in this Settlement, he is to be observed as such. The Lieut. Governor having solicited the late Governor in Chief to extend his Majesty's Clemency to such of the Prisoners belonging to GENERAL ORDERS. ooo the Colony, as he thought deserving of so great an Indulgence, His lg07i Excellency was pleased at his Request- to grant the following Pardons, May. vizt. i.^~ Absolute Remission of their Sentence "els,e To Andrew Whitehead. Thomas Hopkins. Wanted. Conditional Remission To Thomas Prestage. Thomas Green. John Manby. John Averry. Richard Brown. Francis Barnes. The Lieut. Governor hopes the Prisoners in general will hereby see that the deserving among them will be noticed and rewarded, and it will afford him satisfaction to have it in his Power, on his leaving the Settlement, to recommend others for the like Benefit.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 17th May, 1807. The undermentioned Prisoners having absconded from the Settle- Punishments ment and being at large in the Woods, where they cannot possibly for assisting support themselves without the. assistance of some of the ill disposed us larlseis Inhabitants of this Place, the Lieut. Governor hereby makes it known that any free Person, who shall be found to have any Communication with them, shall be deprived of all Indulgences from the Crown, and sent out of the Settlement by thefirst Conveyance as a dangerous and disaffected Person, And any Prisoner, who shall be convicted of the above offence, shall be corporally punished and work in Irons for twelve Months. Names. John Williams 3d. William Bowers. Thomas Tarrett, George Watts. Thomas Storey. Joseph Meyers. Richard Grover. James Langley. Any Prisoner, who shall be found absent from Ms Work or incapable of Working through Intoxication, shall be severely punished. Many Idle People having been found loitering about the Carpenter's Loiterers in yard during the Hours of Labour, it is hereby ordered that none, but carpenter's such as have Business there, presume to go within the Inclosure thereof y on pain of being severely punished.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 18th May, 1807. The Lieut. Governor having taken into consideration that the Mill Rations for tary Duty of the Settlement has lately, from various Circumstances, marines. borne hard upon the Detachment of Royal Marines, serving in this. Garrison, the- Commissary will untill further Orders issue to them 6 lb. in lieu of 4 lb. of salted Pork, observing the usual proportion to the Women and Children. A small supply of Sugar having been received by the Elizabeth, the issue of sugar Commissary will issue to each Male the usual Allowance of 6 oz. p. week, observing the proportion to Women and Children.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 20th May, 1807. Thefirst Bel l will ring for Work at I past 7 o'Clock in the Morning, Hours of when the different Labouring People will repair to their several Works, labour. at which they will continue untill 12 at Noon. The Bell will again ring for Labour at \ past 1, and for leaving off at 4 in the Afternoon. 556 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. If any of the Mechanics, Artificers, and Labouring People absent May. themselves during the above Hours, they will be punished in such Orders re manner as the Lieut. Governor may direct.

GARRISON ORDERS. Hobarttown, 26th May, 1807. Pay for labour The Working Money, due to the Detachment for constructing the of marines. temporary Barracks and the Marine Store House, will be paid them by the Commissary in Colonial Notes on Monday and Tuesday next after Guard mounting.

GENERAL ORDERS. June. Hobarttown, 3d June, 1807. Birthday of To-morrow being the Anniversary of His Majesty's Birth, The H.M. the King. Detachment of Royal Marines willfire thre e Rounds on their Parade at 12 o'Clock, after which 21 Rounds will befired fro m the Ordnance.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 7th June, 1807. Hours of The following Alteration in the Hours of Labour is to take Place labour. To-morrow, and continue untill further Orders. The Bell for Labour will ring as before directed at J past 7 in the Morning, and for leaving off at 2 in the Afternoon, during which Hours the several working Gangs are to be employed; and any Man that is not present at the Muster, which is made of the Gangs when the Bell rings for Work, will be reported by the Inspector of the Public Works and punished, unless he can shew some satisfactory Cause for his Absence. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 11th June, 1807. Issue of The Commissary will issue to each Man of the several Working Gangs clothing. this Day, One pair of Shoes and One pair of Woollen Socks, and on Saturday next he will issue One pair of Socks and One Woollen Night Cap to each Male Prisoner. Any Prisoner, who shall be known to seU either of the above Articles, will be severely punished and excluded from the next Serving. GENERAL ORDERS. July. Hobarttown, 13th July, 1807. Rations. • The Wheat being expended, the Commissary will issue 7 lb. of Flour to the Civil and Military, and 10 lb. of Maize to each Male Prisoner, continuing the Ration of salted Meat and Rice as before directed untill further Orders, and observing the usual Proportions to Women and Salaries. Children. The Salaries of the Superintendants and Overseers for the last Civil Quarter will be paid To-morrow. appointment. Mr. John Blinkworth is appointed a Superintendant of the several Working Gangs employed in this Town. GENERAL ORDERS. August. Hobarttown, 5th Augt, 1807. Muster of The Commissary will, on the 14th Instant, take an Acco't of the settlers. Ground in Cultivation, belonging to Government and to Individuals, GENERAL ORDERS. 557 stating the whole Allotment of each, the Number of Acres cleared and ig07. how appropriated, whether in Wheat, Barley, other Grain, or in fallow. August. He will also take an Account of the Stock belonging to each. rTj-

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 6th Augt., 1807. A Quantity of Wearing Apparel and divers other Articles having Reward for been stolen out of the Dwelling House of Mr. William Collins, between information the 1st Day of July last and the 1st Day of this present Month of re theft August, by 'some Person or Persons at present unknown, the Lieut. Govr., in order to discover the Offender or Offenders herein, is hereby pleased to promise to procure from His Excellency the Governor in Chief a free Pardon for any Prisoner, whether Male or Female, who shall give such Information before a Magistrate as shall insure the Conviction of the Offender or Offenders. The Lieut. Govr. further promises that, after the delivery of the free Pardon which can alone be obtained by the Conviction of the Offenders, the Prisoner receiving it shall be allowed to quit the Colony by the earliest Opportunity that may offer.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 11th Augt., 1807. * The Maize being expended, the Commissary' will issue this Day, and Rations. untill further Orders, to each Male Prisoner 4 lb. of Rice in addition to the Ration of that Article now issuing, observing the usual Pro­ portion to Women and Children.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 17th Augt., 1807. The Flour being expended and the quantity of Salted Meat remain- Kangaroo meat ing in His Majesty's Stores requiring a Reduction to be made in the t0 be received. present Issue of that Article,, the Commissary will receive Kangooroo into the Store at the Price and under the Regulations contained in the General Order of the 7th of May last. The following Ration is therefore to be issued untill further Orders, Rations. vizt. To the Civil, Military and Free Persons. 4 lb. of salted -Pork. 6 lb. of Rice. 7 lb. of Kangooroo. To Male Prisoners. 2 lb. of salted Pork. 6 lb. of Rice. 7 lb. of Kangooroo. Observing the usual Proportions to Women and Children.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 30 Aug., 1807. Complaint having been made to the Lieut. Governor of the bad Quality of quality of some of the Kangooroo, issued, on Friday at Newtown and to^f"""^^ yesterday at this Place, which could alone be occasioned by its being stale Meat that had been kept from one serving Day to the next, it is hereby order that no Kangooroo be received into the Store that is not brought to it fresh from the Woods, nor is any part but the hind quarters and Tail to be taken in. 558 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. GENERAL ORDERS. September. Hobarttown, 8th Sepr., 1807, Orders re Mr. Samuel Bate, the Judge Advocate, has obtained the Lieut. Leave of Governor's Leave of Absence from the Settlement for 18 months com­ absence for mencing this Day. S. Bate. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 15th Sepr., 1807. Punishment Robert Barwise and James Davis, having been convicted before a of.prisoners. Magistrate of buying or receiving Kangooroo and Emu from the Servants of two Officers, have each received a severe Corporal Punish­ ment, together with Charles Shore and Wm. Roberts for making use of a Boat belonging to an Officer without his Permission, and Henry Pizzey for absenting himself from the PubHe Labour for several Warning to Days, all which Offences are expressly contrary to the existing Regu­ prisoners. lations of the Settlement; the Lieut. Governor therefore hereby notifies to every one concerned that he is determined to punish in the most rigorous manner any Prisoner, Officers Servant or otherwise, who shall be known to procure Kangooroo or Emu from any of the Miscreants now at large in the Woods, or from any employed in Hunting, or who shall supply the above with Provisions, or who shall appropriate to his use any Boat without leave from the Owner, or who shall at any time absent himself from the Gang, in which he is employed without the knowledge of the InspectorGENERA of PubliL cORDERS Works. . October. Hobarttown, 13th Octo., 1807. Salaries The Salaries of the Superintendents and Overseers for the last Quarter will be paid To-morrow.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 14th Octr., 1807. Hours of The following Hours for Labour are to be observed until further labour. Orders, Vizt. From 6 in the Morning until Noon, and from i past 1 until 4 in the Payment of Afternoon. storekeeper's All Persons, holding the Storekeeper's Receipts for Kangooroo receipts. received into the Store to this Day, are to present them for paym't on Civil staff. the 16th. Mr. Richard Clark is discharged from the List of Superintendants. Mr. Francis Shipman being discharged from the Office of Store­ keeper, the Lieut. Governor is pleased to appoint Mr. Thomas Clark to the Duties of that Office, and Mr. Andrew Whitehead to succeed him in the Care and Management of the Government Farm at Newtown. The Commissary will pay the Allowance due to the Patrole for the Quarter ending this Day. GENERAL ORDERS. Rations. Hobarttown, 23d Octr., 1807. The salted Meat being nearly expended, the Commissary will issue the following Ration untill further Orders. To the Military, the same as before. To the Civil, free Settlers and prisoners. Kangooroo p. Man p. Week 12 lb. Rice do do 6 lb. observing the usual proportion to Women and Children. GENERAL ORDERS. 559

Should it happen that the quantity received may sometimes fall j807. short of that wanted, the Commissary will so proportion the Issue as October. to give every one an equal Share. Orders~ Divine Service will be performed on Sunday next, and every ensuing Sunday that the Weather will admit untill further Orders. Divineserviee -

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 25 Octr., 1807. His Excellency Governor Bligh having sent down a Supply of salted Kangaroo 3 0 Meat and Grain in His Majesty's Ship Porpoise, the Commissary will JJIs '*. -^d discontinue receiving Kangooroo in the Public Store.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 29 Octr., 1807. The following Ration of Provisions will be issued weekly until Rations. further Orders, vizt. 7 lb. of Beef or 4 lb. of Pork. 8 lb. of Rice in lieu of 8 lb. of Flour. 2 lb. of Maize in lieu of 6 oz. Sugar. Being according" to the Ration established by His Excellency the Governor in Chief through out the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies. The Commissary will on Saturday next issue to the Prisoners the Clothing. Woollen Caps and Socks remaining in His Majesty's Store. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 9 Novemr., 1807. November. There will be a General Muster of the Male Prisoners at 10 o'Clock Muster of To-morrow Morning, and, being Provision Day, the Commissary will male convicts. issue Provisions only to such as Answer to their Names at the Muster. The Officers will account for their Servants.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 30 Novemr., 1807. Whereas it is become absolutely necessary that some Measures should Amnesty or be adopted to guard the well disposed Inhabitants of this Settlement outlawry for against the Evils, which may accrue to them from their existing in bushrangers. the Woods of this Settlement a set of dangerous Miscreants, who have for a considerable Time been at large therein, the Lieut. Governor is hereby pleased to declare that, if they will surrender themselves at Hobarttown on or before the 10th day of next Month, bringing with them their Dogs, Arms, Ammunition, Iron Pots; Tools, and whatever else they may have with them in the Woods, he will not proceed against them for the several Offences they may have committed from the Date of their absconding from the Settlement to that of their Surrender. But, if they are blind enough to their own safety not to listen to this offer of Pardon, and are resolved to continue in their nefarious Mode of Living, he hereby declares that every one, who shall not have surrendered himself as above directed, shall be con­ sidered as an Outlaw and dealt with accordingly. The Commissary will this Day Muster the Settlers and their Families, Muster of who have been landed from His Majesty's Armed Tender the Lady settlers. Nelson, and place them on the Victualling List of this Settlement. 560 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. GENERAL ORDERS. December. Hobarttown, 10th Decemr., 1807. Orders re The Commissary will receive into His Majesty's Store from Settlers Purchase and others such clean Wheat, the growth of the present Season, as they of wheat. may deliver at 15s. p. Bushel.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 20th Decemr., .1807. Survey of Some doubts having been expressed of the quaHty of a part of the meat per. Meat lately purchased from the Ship City of Edinburgh, in order to ship City of ascertain if there was any foundation for the same, Edinburgh. The Lieut. Govr. has caused the Major part of the Casks, containing the Meat Salted at the Cape, to be opened and every piece therein minutely examined by 1st Lieut. Lord and The Revd. Mr. Knopwood, who have reported: " That the Meat, from the peculiar mode of being cut up into small pieces for the more readily taking the Salt, differs from that of Irish cured Beef; that it is also much leaner, but the Casks contained good sweet Pickle, and it appears that great pains had been taken in the curing the same, as, by cutting into many of the pieces, no part that was not sweet could be discovered nor anything improper or unclean be discerned." The Lieut. Govr. thinks it necessary to make the Result of this Investigation public that every Person in the Settlement may be convinced that none but troublesome and designing characters would have dared to call the qualitGENERAy of thL eORDERS Meat .i n question. Hobart Town, 21st Decemr., 1807. Issue of flour. The Commissary will Issue to-morrow 8 lb. of Flour to persons of all descriptions on the Stores, observing the usual proportions to Women and Children.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 24th Decemr., 1807. Christmas day. To Morrow being Christmas Day, Divine Service will be performed at the usual hour, at which time the Lieutenant Governor expects a full attendance of the Inhabitants of this Settlement. Issue of spirits. The Commissary will Issue half a pint of Spirits to each of the Military serving in this Garrison, with the usual proportion to their Wives and Children.

1S08. GENERAL ORDERS. January. Hobart Town, 1st January, 1808. Bathing. All Persons are prohibited bathing within the points of the Cove on pain of Punishment, and it is recommended to them not to bath in the heat of the Day.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 7th January, 1808. Payment of Such Storekeeper's Receipts for Kangorroo, as are' now outstanding, storekeeper's are to be delivered for payment at the Commissary's Office on or before receipts. the 14th Inst.; after which Day none that are presented will be paid. GENERAL ORDERS. 561

GENERAL ORDERS. !8os. Hobart Town, 14th Jany., 1808. January. The Salaries of the Superintendants and Overseers for the last „,. , Quarter will be paid To-morrow. „ , . ^ • c Salaries. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 16th Jany., 1808. The Commissary will Issue the following Ration Weekly, until Rations. further Orders, to all Males, vizt. 7 lb. of Beef or 4 lb. of Pork. invMr1^1 jas Bread. 10 lb. Maize J 2 lb. do as Sugar, observing the usual proportions to Women and Children. A General Muster of Male and Female Prisoners will be held on Muster of Tuesday next at 10 o'Clock in the Forenoon, previous to the Issue of convicts. Provisions, at which time all persons of the above Description are hereby ordered to attend. Such, as do not, will incur a Stoppage of the Week's Provisions. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 17th Jany., 1808. To-morrow being the Anniversary of the Day on which Her Majesty's Birthday Birth is kept, 21 Guns will be fired at 12 o'Clock from the Ordnance S^-M-the on the Parade in Honour thereof.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 18th Jany., 1808. The General Muster of Prisoners ordered on the 16th Inst, is post- Postponement poned until Tuesday next, the 26th, at 10 o'Clock in the Forenoon, of muster. at which time all Prisoners, Male and Female, are to attend as before directed.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 20th Jany., 1808. The Commissary will this Day Muster the Settlers and their Families, Muster of who have been landed from His Majesty's Ship Porpoise, and place settlers. them on the Victualling List of this Settlement.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 2nd Feby., 1808. February. The Lieut. Govr. has received it in command from His Excellency Notes of hand. Governor Bligh to direct that all Persons in this Settlement, who may have private Checks or Notes* in circulation, do immediately call them in and affix thereto the Term Sterling Money, which, through the want of Specie in this Place, is to be considered as Military and Colonial Notes. And it is further declared that no Cheeks or Notes shall, after the Definition of 14th Instant, be negotiable or of any values, which have not the " sterling express Words " Sterling Money/' meaning thereby Military and money- Colonial Notes, within the Body of the Bill. And, if any Person shall either directly or indirectly disobey this Order, such Person or Persons shall forfeit the sum of Fifty Pounds on Proof thereof being made before three Magistrates. A General Muster of Male and Female Prisoners will be held on Muster of the Parade To-morrow at 11 o'Clock in the forenoon. convicts. SEE. III. VOL. 1—2 N * Note 270. 562 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808 GENERAL ORDERS. February. Hobart Town, 7th Feby., 1808. Ordersre" Information has this Day been received from Lieut. Govr. Patterson that the undermentioned Convicts have lately absented from the Settle- pVr^Dairymple. ment under his Command, after having committed several Felonie? therein, and are supposed to have directed their Course toward this Place; these are to give Notice that all Persons, who shall be found aiding or in any Measure assisting or encouraging the said or any other Runaways, who may be in the Neighbourhood of this Settlement, shall meet with the most exemplary Punishment. Alexr. Cumberbeaeh. Philip Dwyer. Patrick Langton. Martin Huydon. Willm. Woodward. Thomas Walsh and John Griffin. Thomas Langan. Thos. Prosser.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 10th Feby., 1808. Settlers from Tbe Settlers from Norfolk Island must be convinced that it is not Norfolk island, in the Lieut. Govr.'s Power to afford them the assistance, to which they have an undoubted claim, and which it is his anxious wish to give them. The Winter season is approaching, but there is yet Time for every one to provide a shelter against its Effects, if they set about it with Spirit and Resolution. They will receive from the Store such Assistance as to the Tools, which are requisite for Building, and other Articles which can be given them; and they may be assured that, when­ ever the Means arrive, the Lieut. Govr. will fulfil to every Settler the Promises, which have been made to him by Government. He recom­ mends it to them to be careful of their Provisions and Property, and particularly not to stray from their respective AUotments, nor even to receive among them any Prisoner from this Place, that does not produce a Pass signed by a Magistrate, as such can only resort thither in the view of robbing them. The Settlers are likewise to be on their Guard against surprises from the Natives, who, from Circumstances that have formerly taken place, have become very much irritated against us; and the Lieut. Govr. informs them that any one, who shaU be known to offer wantonly any violence to a Native, or in any way injure or molest them or their Women and Children, will be criminally prosecuted for such Offence. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 11th Feby., 1808. Apprehension There being at present at large in the Woods ten Convicts, Run- of runaways aways from Port Dalrymple, two of whom, Lemon and Brown, have Dalrjmplen°™ m°ivip. Committed four atrocious Murders and have recently robbed Wm. Parish, a Settler, all Persons whomsoever are hereby required and directed to be ready, when called upon, to aid in the apprehension of these People; And, as it would be unsafe for any one to go into the Woods until these People, who have been outlawed, are apprehended and secured, no Boat, except those belonging to Government, is to have any Communication with the opposite shore.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 12th Feby., 1808. Settlers from As it is absolutely necessary that the Settlers from Norfolk Island Norfolk island, should be placed on their several Allotments as expeditiously as pos­ sible, they are not to presume to say they will remain here, until they GENERAL ORDERS. 563 can receive the full assistance held out to them by Government; the 1808. Lieut. Govr. considers such Language and Conduct as highly un­ February. becoming, and hereby declares that any Settler, who shall refuse to Orders re take possession of his Ground, after it has been measured and himself supplied with the necessary number of Tools, shall be struck off the Stores and turned out of the house he may occupy in the Town.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 16th Feby., 1808. Mr. James Grove is appointed Storekeeper in the room of Mr. Thos. civil Clark, and Oliver Smith is appointed an Overseer of Convicts. appointments.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 18th Feby., 1808. The Comm'y will receive Barley, the growth of this Season, from Purchase settlers and others into His Majesty's Stores, paying ten shillings p. of barley. Bushel for the same.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobartown, 29th Feby., 1808. The Comm'y will receive into His Majesty's Stores the under- Purchase mentioned articles at the prices specified against each, Vizt. Wheat at of grain and p. Bushel £1 Is.; Barley at p. Bushel 15s.; Potatoes at p. Pound 4s.; Potatoes. which latter will, so soon as sufficient supply is procured, be Issued as part of the Weekly Ration in such proportion as shall be hereafter directed. The Debts due from the Settlers to the Store are to be Paid in Debts due Wheat at the Price established by the General Order of the 10th of by settlers. December.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 1st March, 1808. March. The public benefit resulting to this Settlement, and that under the Bushrangers Command of Lieut. Govr. Paterson, from the spirited and successful killed and Exertions of Michael Mansfield, James Duff and John Jones, in the apprehended. destruction of that notorious Murderer Lemon and the apprehension of his Associate Brown, is deserving of the highest praise from every one. The Lieut. Govr. will immediately communicate this fortunate Event to Lieut. Govr. Paterson, that they may receive the Reward to which they are so justly entitled. The Embargo, which, in consequence of the Danger to be appre­ hended from the aforesaid Lemon and Brown being in our Neighbour­ hood, was laid to prevent Boats proceeding up the River, is now taken off. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 4th March, 1808. The Com'y will discontinue receiving Potatoes into His Majesty's Potatoes. Stores until further Orders.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 11 March, 1808. The undermentioned Prisoners, having recently absconded from the Convicts Settlement, are hereby declared to be Outlaws, and will be dealt with as outlawed. such. And, as the Settlers established on the Banks of the River may 564 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. not be aware of the Evil that may accrue to themselves by affording March. shelter to, or receiving Kangaroo from such desperate Characters, The Lieut. Governor hereby informs them that, if any Settler is known to Orders re "harbour, encourage or receive Kangaroo from, or in any wise give them Convicts assistance, he will be immediately struck off the Stores, and deprived outlawed. of every Indulgence from Government; on the contrary, the Settlers will find it their Interest to do the utmost in their power to secure these Offenders. John Jones. Thomas Storey. Willm Steel. Edwd. Jarratt. Jno. Reynolds. and John Williams 2d. Mattw. Nelson. John Davis. Willm. RusseU. George Watts.

GENERAL ORDERS. • Hobarttown, 14 March, 1808. Settlers from The Norfolk Island Settlers, whose grounds are not yet allotted, will Norfolk island. immediately make application to Mr. Harris, the Dy. Surveyor, who will represent the same to the Lieut. Govr. The Settlers will understand that, having been indulged in making their own Election of the Spot on which they choose their Farms and tbe Ground having been accordingly measured, they are not upon any Account to make any Exchange thereof with any other Settler.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 18 March, 1808. Purchase Some of the Settlers from Norfolk Island having offered to put of maize. Maize into His Majesty's Stores, the Comm'y will receive it at 10s. pr. Bushel.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 24 March, 1808. Rewards for Whereas Patrick Plunkett, a Convict, having broken from Ms con­ apprehension finement on the 17 Instant and absconded from the Settlement, since of runaways. which he has made an Attempt on the Life of a Settler at the Falls, all Persons whomsoever are hereby strictly forbade to harbour the said Patrick Plunkett, but are to use their utmost endeavours to apprehend and secure him; and the Lieut. Governor is hereby pleased to offer a Reward of £50 Sterling for the apprehension of him, the said Patrick Plunkett, and the further Sum of £10 Sterling for each of the undermentioned Deserters, being Convicts belonging to this Settlement, vizt. Richard Wright. John Davis. George Watts. Jno. Pat. Nowland. Charles Clark. Henry Rice. Jn. Williams 2d. Richd. Grover. Wm. Russell. Jno. Jones. Jno. Willis. Jno. Reynolds. Edwd. Jarratt. Thomas Storey. Mattw. Nelson. Wm. Steel.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 25 March, 1808. Time for issue The Hour for receiving Provisions on the Day appointed for that of provisions. purpose being now so generally known throughout this Settlement, the Storekeeper is directed upon no account to Issue any to such as may not attend, when regularly called for as they stand on the Viet'g List, The Boats Crews who may be employed on the Publie Service only excepted. GENERAL ORDERS. 565

Such Settlers and others, who may have Ground in Cultivation and 1808 are desirous of having Seed from the Public Stores, are to make appli- March. cation to the Lieutenant Governor for the same on or before the 5th of next Month, after which Day no application will be attended to. r ers re Issue of seed grain, GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 27 March, 1808. The Bell for Labour will ring at i past 6 o'Clpek in the Morning, Hours for and for leaving off at J past 2 in the afternoon, until further Orders, labour. GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 1st April, 1808. April. The Com'y will receive such Salted Pork, as may be brought to the purchase of Store from the Settlers or others, paying Is. 9d. p. lb. for the same, salt pork. Thefirst receivin g Day will be on Wednesday next the 6th Instant.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 13th April, 1808. The Salaries of the Superintendants and Overseers will be paid Salaries. To-morrow.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 14th April, 1808. To-morrow being Good Friday, Divine Service will be performed Divine service. as usual.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobarttown, 15th April, 1808. All Persons, holding the Storekeeper's Receipts for Pork or Grain Payment of put into His. Majesty's Stores in the last Quarter, will forthwith storekeeper's present them at the Com'y's Office for Payment. receip s.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart Town, 25 April, 1808. His Honor the Lieut. Governor having permitted a quantity of Issue of spirits. Spirits to be landed and bonded in this Settlem't, belonging to Messrs. Campbell and Co. of Sydney, Permits for the same will be applied for at the Secretary's Office on Tuesday, the 26th Instant, and the Spirits Issued on the following Day agreeable to the undermentioned Pro­ portions, Vizt. Officers Civil and Military 40 Gallons Serjeants and Superintendants 10 „ Corporals and Overseers 5 „ Free Inhabitants 10 „ Settlers 10 „ Prisoners Male and Female 2 „ After which no Permits will be issued until further Orders.

GENERAL ORDERS. Hobart town, 30 April, 1808. Valentine Henly is placed on the List of Overseers, Commencing on Overseer at the 16th Instant. He is to attend at the General Hospital. hospital. Dennis McCarty is appointed by the Lieut. Governor Constable of Constable at the District of New Norfolk on the Right Bank of the River Derwent New Norfolk. in the County of Buckinghamshire. 566 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. GENERAL ORDERS. May. Hobart town, 2d May, 1808. Orders re The Military Patrole are at Night to visit the several Houses in Military this Town, and upon no account whatsoever are they to suffer any patrol. Drinking in them after the Taptoo has beat. Any Prisoner, who by Intoxication shall render himself incapable of attending his Govern­ ment Work, will be severely punished, and, upon a Repetition of the Offence, will not only be punished but work in Irons During the Lieut. Governor's pleasure.

GENERAL ORDERS. 1809. 25th April, 21st May, and 24th June, 1809. \V. Bligh. [Copies of these orders relating to Governor Bligh will be found on pages 158, 156, and 165, volume VII, series I.]

PROCLAMATION.* December. BY His Honor David Collins,' Esquire, Lieutenant-Governor of His Majesty's Settlement at Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, and Colonel in the Royal Marine Forces, etc, etc., etc. Proclamation WHEREAS a Proclamationt was issued by Lieutenant-Governor Paterson, tatercoursf aU bearing date the 19th of March, 1809, whereby for the Reasons therein with w. Bligh. Stated all Persons whomsoever in or belonging to the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies were strictly prohibited having any Intercourse, directly or indirectly, with WiUiam Bligh, Esquire, or any one of his Family, on pain of being considered Abettors of Sedition and Enemies to the Peace and Prosperity of this Colony. And whereas the said Proclamation was published throughout the Settlement and rendered so notorious that no one can plead Ignorance thereof; nevertheless, in direct disobedience thereof, and in express opposition to my Orders for the enforcement of the Same, divers Settlers and others have repeatedly held and do hold communication with the said William Bligh, Esquire, now on board His Majesty's Ship Porpoise. I do hereby, regardful of the Welfare and tran­ quillity of the People under my Government, most positively forbid aU His Majesty's Subjects in this Settlement from holding any Inter­ course or Communication with the said William Bligh, Esquire, directly or indirectly, either personally or by letter or Message, with him or any Member of his Family, on pain of being considered a determined opposer of the Government, and dealt with accordingly. And I do hereby require all Officers, Civil and Military, and all other His Majesty's faithful Subjects, within this Settlement, to be aiding and assisting in procuring a strict obedience to this Proclamation, and to give immediate information to me, or some of His Majesty's Jus­ tices of the Peace, of any Person or Persons who shaU attempt to act in Opposition, Neglect,, or Evasion thereof. Given under my Hand, etc., this 6th day of December, 1809. GENERAL ORDER. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut't-Governor. Government House, Hobart Town, 8th December, 1809. God Save the King. THE Lieutenant-Governor is concerned tofind tha t there are among the Inhabitants of this Settlement several who are so infatuated as to consider William Bligh, Esquire, to be still the Governor-in-Chief. * Note 271. t Note 272. LEASES OF LAND. 567

From the moment he was suspended by Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson, 1809. his functions as the Governor ceased; and the Officer who, in conse- December. quence of such suspension, executed the Office of Governor-in-Chief . , was such to all Intents and Purposes, and was, as such, entitled to T CTSre _ obedience from every one. It matters not whether this Power was „f ^ernment" assumed by him or not. Existing circumstances rendered it absolutely after arrest of necessary that it should be assumed, and the Settlement could not W. Bligh. remain in Security without a Chief. The Government, therefore, was taken into other hands until His Majesty's Pleasure respecting the former Governor should be known. That Pleasure has been signified, and it is now known that Brigadier-General Nightingale* has been appointed by the King to the Government of Her Majesty's Posses­ sions in New Holland. The Lieutenant-Governor, therefore, warns all Persons whomsoever in this Settlement not to listen to the designing Tales which may be spread among them for the purpose of withdrawing their allegiance from the legal Government of the Country, as they will answer for the same at their peril. He sees with pleasure that there are among the Settlers many honest and well-informed men, who must see the necessity and propriety of these Observations, and he looks to them for inculcating their Truth among those of their own Class who are wrong-headed and obstinately blind to their own Interests. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut.-Governor.

MORNING GENERAL ORDERS. 1810. Government House, Hobart Town, 1st January, 1810. January. IT being indispensibly necessary that all communication be prohibited Prohibition of from this Settlement with His Majesty's Ship Porpoise during her ^•^g'jj8! Stay in this Port, all Officers, Civil and Military, and all other Persons p0rpoise.' whomsoever, are hereby ordered and directed upon no account to have or hold any Intercourse with His Majesty's said Ship Porpoise, upon pain of answering for the same at their peril. DAVID COLLINS, Lieut.-Governor. [There were many garrison orders, \ but these referred merely to incidents of military duty, e.g., mounting guard, sentinels, daily details for duty, etc.] 1805-6. LANDS:): LEASED BY GOVERNOR KING. Return of (This and the three following returns are extracted from the registers in the office of the leases of land. Registrar-General at Sydney.)

Date. Lessee. Area. Locality.

1805. 18 December. lac. 3rd. 32p. Lease at Hobart Town for 14 years. 18 December. 2 ac. do 18 December. Power, Matthew 2ac. do 18 December. 10 ac. do 18 December. 2ac. do 18 December. Bowden, Matthew 2 ac. do Hopley, William 18 December. 2 ac. do 18 December. 2ac. do 1806. 1 January... McCauley, Serg. James 1 rd. 17 p. do 1 January... Sutton, John Jubal 3 rd. 17 p. do

The lease to lieut. J. M. Johnson was cancelled, and on the same day (18th December) 5* acres were leased to lieutenant Edward Lord and A. W. H. Humphrey. Note 209. t Note 273. J Note 244. 568 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804-10. LANDS GRANTED BY GOVERNOR KING. Return of lands granted Date. Grantee. Area. Locality. by P. G. King; 1804. 15 August .. Fosbrook, Leonard .... 100 ac. Near Humphrey's rivulet. 15 August .. Bowden, Matthew .... 100 ac. do Johnson, Lieut. J. M., 100 ac. do 15 August ... 100 ac. do 15 August .. Miller, Edward 1805. Issel, Thomas 100 ac. At Stainforth's cove. 18 December. Hayes, Thomas 100 ac. do 18 December. Hayes, Henry 100 ac, do 18 December. Nichols, William 100 ac. do 100 ac. do 18 December. Preston, Thomas Richard... 100 ac. do 18 December. Pitt, Richard 100 ac. do 18 December. Oockerill, William 100 ac. do 18 December. Blinkworth, John 100 ac. do 18 December. Dacres, John 100 ac. do 40 ac. On the Brook, river Der­ 18 December. Littlefleld, Thomas Figget went. 18 December. HayesPeters,, MarthMary a 50 ac. On Swamp lagoon, river 18 December. Denvent. 18 December. Sladden, Capt. William. 100 ac. At Sandy bay. 18 December. Knopwood, Revd. Robert.. 1806. Lord, Lieut. Edward 100 ac. Adjoining Cottage Green. 1 January... Faulkner, — 50 ac. Near the Rivulet. 1 January ... 100 ac. At Miller's bay. Littlejohn, Robert 100 ac. At Sandy bay. 1 January... Harris, George Prideaux .. 1 January... 14 ae. At Sullivan cove. Fosbrook, Leonard 50 ac. East side of Derwent. 1 January... Mansfield, Michael 70 ac. do 1 January ... Parish, — 50 ac. West side of Derwent. At Sullivan Cove. 1 January ... Kelly, Samuel 24 ac. 1 January... 190 ac. do Guest, George do 1 January ... 50 ac. Clark, Richard 30 ae. do 1 January... Power, Matthew 1 January ... Hopkins, Thomas 1 January ... by 1 JanuarLANDy „. S GRANTED BY LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. W. Paterson; Date. Grantee. Area, Locality.

1809. 9 May 500 ae. River Derwent. 12 September Knopwood, Eevd. Robert 100 ac. Clarence Plains. 12 September Chaplain at Hobart Town for the 400 ac. do ., time being. 12 September Bader, John 100 ac. do 12 September McAskill, Allan 500 ac. River Derwent. by LANDS GRANTED., BY GOVERNOR MACQUARIE. L. Macquarie. Date. Grantee. Area, Locality.

1810. 500 ac. River Derwent. 15 June 100 ac. do Chaplain at Hobart Town for the 400 ac. do time being. 8 October ... 500 ac. do 8 October ... 500 ac. do 8 October ... 100 ac. do 8 October ... 100 ac. do

The first three grants were confirmations of the first three made by lieutenant governor Paterson. REPORT ON SETTLEMENT. 569

REMARKS* ON THE COUNTRY AND SETTLEMENTS FORMED IN VAN ISIO. DIEMAN'S LAND. AccounTTfthe VAN DIEMAN'S LAND was discovered by Tasman, a Dutch Navi- theDM-went* gator in 1642, who took it to be part of the Main Land of New by j. Oxley. Holland, And it was not till 1798 that it was discovered to be an Island by the present Captn. Flinders, who circumnavigated it in the Norfolk Sloop under the directions of Governor Hunter, Discovery. various Circumstances having led him to believe that it would be found separated from the Main by a Channel that might prove of infinite Importance to the rising Settlement at 'Port Jackson. And Events have since verified his Opinion. The South East Coast had however been visited before both by the English and French, An English Shipf from Bengal having dis­ covered and given Name to the Port in which the Settlement under Col'l Collins is established; The French also, whilst in search of la Perouse, entered and actually examined it but their Accounts were by no Means nattering. It does not appear that there was any intention of Settling Van • Dieman's Land, until the French Ships Geographe and Natu­ raliste under the Command of Mons. Baudin appeared in 1801 and 2 on the Coast of New South Wales, ostensibly for the pur­ pose of making Collections in Natural History but in reality to become acquainted with the Nature of our Establishments in this part of the World, As also to learn whether Van Dieman's Land or Bass's Straits did not afford eligible Situations for Settlement to be made at a proper time and Season. These Secret Views of the French, having been discovered by Governor King, he early in 1803 dispatched the present Captain J. Bowen of the Navy with a small party to take possession of the River Derwent. A small Vessel was also sent to take possession of Kings Island at the W. Entrance of Bass's Straits and to watch the Motions of the French, who were there at the time. On the Arrival of the Vessel at Kings Island, the French Commodore denied to the Officer sent any intention or Idea in the French Government forming any Settlements in that part of New Holland discovered and claimed by the English; Adding, how­ ever, that, even if such Views had been entertained, there were vacant places sufficient without interfering with the Rights and Claims of other Nations. The Commodore afterwards in a Letter to Governor King expressed the same Sentiments with respect to the Intentions of the French, but in so vague and equivocal a Style that it was not doubted to be one of the Principal Objects of the French Expedition to fix upon some eligible Port where a Settlement might be formed that would impede and check the Progress of the Colony at Port Jackson.

» Note 274. t Note 151. 570 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. First Settlement.—It was under the Impression of the Neces­ Account of the sity and Policy of having a Settlement in Bass's Straits that settlement at Col'l Collins was sent out in 1803 to examine and take Posses­ the Derwent sion of Port Phillip on the N. Side of the Straits. A very short by J. Oxley. Settlement. experience convinced the Colonel of the impracticability of continuing there, the badness of the Port, the Want of Water, the barreness and Sterility of the Soil being found difficulties too great to be in their present Situation overcome. Under those circumstances, Application was made to the Governor in Chief for directions, who pointed out the Derwent and Port Dalrymple as possessing many Advantages and giving Col'l Collins his choice of the two places. In the mean time, Col'l Collins had caused Port Dalrymple to be examined by the Lady Nelson; but, after a cursory examination of a few days, it was hastily con­ demned, and the Col'l proceeded with the Settlers and Troops to the Derwent, where he arrived early in 1804. Some time was spent infixing upo n a Scite for building a Town, as the Cove where Capt. Bowen had settled was supposed not to afford a Sufficiency of fresh Water-in the Summer Season. Sullivan Cove on the West Side of the River was at lengthfixed' on , there being a very fine Stream of Water with tolerable good land on its banks. The Town was named Hobart after the present Earl of Buckingham Shire, then Secretary of State for the Colonial department. Climate. Climate.—Experience has happily proved the Climate of this part of Van Dieman's Land to be as fine and equable as can possibly be imagined; the Winter Months from April to Sep­ tember resemble in Temperature the Spring of England without its Moisture. On the lower Lands the Snow seldom or never falls, tho' the Summit of the Table Mountain, and of other high Mountains, in the Winter present a remarkable Contrast to the Green Vallies at their Base; the Woods and Shrubs of this Country as in New South Wales are Evergreens and preserve their Verdure all the Year round, tho' the freshness and Bril­ liancy of Colour is beyond Comparison superior. In the sum­ mer tho' occasionally very warm, the heat is seldom so excessive as to be unpleasant, besides the Winds in this Season generally prevailing from the N.E. destroy in a great Measure the ardent heat that might otherwise be experienced; there is a freshness, An Elasticity in the Air, that braces and invigorates the feeblest Constitution; Thunder and lightening seldom occur, And never in such a Manner as to cause alarm, possessing in this par­ ticular a decided advantage over Port Jackson, Where the effect of Lightning has been so frequent and so fatally experienced. In truth, few places in the Southern Hemisphere can boast of REPORT ON SETTLEMENT. 571 being more congenial to the human frame. And, tho' perhaps it isio. may want the uniform Mildness that distinguishes Port Jackson, Account o{ th, it is certainly more agreeable to our Northern Constitutions; a settlement at more convincing proof of the Salubrity of the Air cannot be Dy j. Oxley. better proved than by the high State of health enjoyed by the Settlement, where it appears that the Births are to the Burials as 7 to 1. General description of the Country.—Tho' the Country on the Description Sea Coast is high with numerous lofty Mountains, Yet therf countr y- Country in general can be by no means termed Mountainous, few of the Hills in the interior being of that Magnitude as to preclude Cultivation, were it necessary. The Country on the higher Grounds is thickly cloathed with Timber And some of the Trees in the Vallies are of immense Magnitude; the largest Trees are generally of the Gum and Stringy Bark Species, differing but little from the Woods of the same Name in New South Wales. The Oak Trees or Beech Wood generally speak­ ing are very diminutive and unfit for any useful purpose; an immense Variety offlo-wjering Shrubs are found in every part of the Country and, unlike those found on the Continent, perfume the Air with their odor. Isle de Brune.—The higher parts of the Isle de Brune or Bruny island. Adventure Island are in general good land covered with rich Grass, whilst the lower Grounds are Sandy and Sterile; At the same time they are almost impassable on Account of the thick Brush and Swamps formed by the Waters from the High Grounds during the winter Rains; in Summer however most of those are dried up, leaving the Island almost destitute of Water, as the running Streams I have seen are so inconsiderable as scarce to deserve that name. Adventure Bay is on the East Side of this Island and subject to the Same Scarcity of Water. Main Land.—The country on the Main opposite to the Island Mainland. is uniformly of the same description, only it is better watered And the Timber somewhat larger. The Waters of the River Huon empty themselves into the lower part of the passage, And is the only fresh Water Stream of any importance till we come to the Derwent; this River is broad and navigable at its En­ trance, but its navigation is impeded by Falls and Mud Flats about 17 Miles from its Mouth; it is impossible to fancy a more miserable Country than is presented to the Eye; on the Banks of the River about the falls however, there is some good land, but none that would repay the trouble of getting at it. River Huon.—It is to be lamented that the Upper parts of Huon river. the Country about this River have not been accurately explored by the Settlers at Hobart Town, there being every reason to 572 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. believe that there are fore3ta of a valuable Wood; this Wood has Account of the obtained the local Name of Huon Pine, And the knowledge of settlement at its place of Growth could not fail to be of infinite Importance the Derwent to the Settlement. Vast trees of this curious Wood have been by J. Oxley. Huon pine. discovered on the Shores of an Island at the Entrance of the River, And from their Situation must have been brought down in some violent Flood; they had apparently laid there for Years, being perfectly dry and much worn by the beating of the Sea against the Rocky Shores of the Island. These Trees are also found on the projecting Points of the lower part of the River in a Similar State, which renders it totally impossible tofix th e Class and Genus to which it belong, as none have ever been found growing, tho' I suspect it would require but little research to attain so valuable a knowledge. This Wood is of afine light Yellow, close grained, extremely light and of a strong Aromatic Smell, And, when bit, conveys a hot pungent taste not unlike Cloves; this hot quality of the Wood preserves it free from Worms and all other Insects. Drift Trees of the Blue Gum and Stringy Bark laying close to this Wood have been found entirely perforated by Worms, whilst the Pine, which has apparently lain in the same Spot much longer, remained perfectly un­ touched. I have seen dead trees of this Wood 7 feet in diameter, ten feet from the root; And it is not unreasonable to conclude that the Forest where they grow contains many even- of Superior Size. Black swans. Swans.—The low Sedgy Islets in this River afford Shelter to vast Numbers of Black Swans that breed here and feed all the Year round. The best time of procuring them is from November to March, which is the Moulting Season. The Young ones also of the last Spring are as yet unable tofly, and may between those Periods be procured in great Abundance; they may indeed be procured at other times, tho' with greater difficulty and Trouble. Description From this River to the N. Entrance into the Passage, the of country. Country presents a truly Barren and desolate Appearance, the Land rising abruptly from the Shore, terminated in lofty Hills covered with Heath and Gum Trees; in the N.W. Arm of the Passage are two fine Streams of fresh Water, but the surround­ ing Country does not afford one tolerable Acre. The Tallies however, thro' which they run, are clothed with Forests of the finest Timber which afford Shelter to great Numbers of Kangaroo. From the N. Entrance of the Passage to the Settlement, the Country is somewhat better, affording excellent pasturage; and the lower Grounds near the Shore are of good quality and easily REPORT ON SETTLEMENT. 573

cleared. There is however only one Run of Fresh Water during 1810. this Extent of near 15 Miles; a Number of the Settlers from Accou'm~'1 th Norfolk Island have chosen their Farms here, and the Country settlement ate assumes somewhat the appearance of being inhabited by civilized by^Oxiey! beings. The Eastern Side of the Harbour is also partially settled, the land being in general good and not difficult to clear; all parts afford excellent Pasturage; tho' the want of Water is sometimes felt in a dry Season, particularly by those Settled in Ralphs Bay. Hobart Town.—As before mentioned, the Town is named Hobarttown. Hobart And in point of Situation, few places possess greater Advantages. The Houses of the Inhabitants are indiscriminately scattered on both Sides of a very fine Stream of Water; they are indeed of the very lowest Class of Cottages, and the Officers themselves are scarcely better lodged; the Government however are making "some attempts to improve the Appearance of the place by building a good Brick Store, And not before it was wanted, As at present all the Salt Provisions for the use of the Settlement are kept in the Open Air to the great detriment of the Crown, which has thereby lost vast quantities of provisions, and to the Serious Inconvenience of those who are victualled from the public Store. New Town.—About 3 Miles further up the River is New New town. Town, where the chief part of the Settlers, who came out with the Lieutenant Governor chose their Grants; these Men, having been so much longer on the Spot, have rendered their habitations comparatively comfortable; their White Cottages in the Midst of tolerable good Gardens afford a pleasing Contrast to the Wilderness of the surrounding Scenery. The Ground here is fit either-for Tillage or Grazing, but the Settlers have not made the most of their Situation; few of them originally were farmers or understood anything of Agriculture; they have in Conse­ quence so_ exhausted their Ground by repeated Crops of the same Grain that it now produces little or nothing; they are however infinitely better off than the Norfolk Settler; what little Stock they were originally indulged with has increased, And, if properly managed, cannot fail of being of the greatest benefit to them and their Families; their Garden however is the Chief Source from whence they derive their support, raising in them great quantities of Potatoes, which they put into the Public Store, receiving in return Articles, which they could not other­ wise became possessed of and which are absolutely necessary for their Subsistence. New Norfolk.—A considerable portion of the Norfolk Settlers New Norfolk. have chosen to settle on the Lands at the Upper part of the 574 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

i8io. River; their district is named New Norfolk and is represented \ccount~of the as being a most delightful Country, the land contiguous to the settlement at Banks of the River being extremely fertile and not liable to byj. Oxley. flood; extensive plains and rising Grounds afford Pasturage for any Number of Cattle; a number of small rivulets, intersecting the Country in every direction, is an advantage the Country near the Sea Coast is deprived of; the Main River, being navig­ able for Boats for a considerable distance, affords an easy Communication with the principal Settlement. These Lands have not been settled more than 18 Months, And appearances are so favorable as to Warrant the Expectation that with proper Care and Management a short Space of time will preclude the Necessity of further Importations of Grain. Live stock. Horned Cattle.—The Country is well stocked with horned Cattle, which have been imported at an immense Expence from Bengal; in a very few Years, Van Dieman's Land will abound with them, the rich plains and pastures in the interior being admirably suited to their increase and Improvement; indeed nothing can be a greater proof of the Excellence of those pastures than the astonishing change for the better effected in the Bengal Cattle, landed at Port Dalrymple in 1805, which being crossed by a Bull of the English Breed have not only increased in Number beyond Calculation but to a Size incredible, the Original Stock seldom weighing more than 200 lbs. whilst the Increase Seldom weigh less than from 800 to 1,000 lbs. The Necessity for the late Importations in 1809 has been questioned, and I think with reason, As it is a well known fact that the Settlement of Port Dalrymple could easily have spared and as easily have driven over three times the Number of Cattle of an improved Breed without that risque and evident loss, which has uniformly attended the Cattle from Bengal; those Cattle, from their long Confinement to the Close Decks of a Merchant Ship together with their dry food, are incapable of withstanding the cold Nights and fresh Herbage of a Derwent Spring; the Consequence has been that 6 out of 10 have died of those which were landed, and little or no benefit derived by the Crown to compensate the large Sums they have cost. Had the Cattle been sent from Port Dalrymple, the views of Government in stocking the Country would have been answered without one shilling additional Expence, whilst the Settlement would have gained an excellent breed, inured to the Climate and Country and able to have assisted the Cultivator in the labours of the Field. No Expence had been spared on the part of Government to provide every Necessary for the use of the New Settlement, and REPORT ON SETTLEMENT. 575 to enable it to provide for its own Wants in as short a period 1810. as possible. A variety of Causes have however up to this time 4ecoum~ot the rendered the Colonists dependant on Supplies from Port Jack- settlement at son, and at this Moment there is scarce a better prospect of by j. oxley. Government being eased of the enormous Expence of maintaining Difficulties the Settlers and Convicts than there was at itsfirst formation , experienced m T • /-1 ii-! nil -i i development. The Lieutenant governor all along has laboured under the disadvantage of having but few laboring Convicts acquainted with the practice, Though many have pretended to the Theory of farming; thefirst Settler s were also in general the most unfit persons that could have been selected or sent out, being chiefly Mechanics totally ignorant of husbandry and illfitted by their former habits to undertake the labour of clearing and culti­ vating new Land. From itsfirst Settlement, the Derwent has been constantly supplied with Salt provisions from Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, and, upon any Scarcity arising, it has been the constant practice to endeavour to remedy it by receiving Kangaroo into Evils of issue of the Store and issuing it nearly in the proportion 2 lbs. for one kangaroo meat. of Salt Beef or Pork; by this Method the Evil was increased, for not only a double Expence was incurred by the Crown, but all the Labourers, who might have been usefully employed in tilling the Ground, were now sent to hunt by their Employers, who found it infinitely more beneficial to their Interests to receive One Shilling per pound for the Game they procured than to wait for the distant contingency of a plentiful Harvest; in fact the price given for Kangaroo was considerably greater in proportion than what was paid for Wheat, which.could not be raised without considerable Labour and Attention. In truth it would appear that for the most necessary of all Articles they seemed to rely on the precarious Supply that might be sent from Port Jackson, independent of any exertion on their own part. It would have been well for the Colony if the Evil arising from receiving Kangaroo into the Store had terminated with the Necessity that had induced it; but that was not the Case. Men, who had been used to the rambling unsettled life of a Development of Hunter, could never be brought to endure the labour requisite bushranging. to raise Grain. No Sooner therefore was the Scarcity of Meat removed by fresh Supplies than those Men betook themselves to the Woods, living upon the Game they afforded, and receiving occasional Supplies of dry Provisions and what Ammunition was to be procured by means of their friends in Town, who in return were supplied with a Share of the Kangaroo and Emu procured. 576 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

isio. It was for a length of time supposed that they would become Account of the tired of the wandering dangerous life they lead, And would settlement at voluntarily return to their labour; bat those Expectations were by J. Oxley. vain; a few indeed took Advantage of the proffered Pardon and Development of returned, while their Accounts of the free ungove'rned Manner, Dusnr&nfiTiDsr. * in which they lived, did but s.educe others to follow their Ex­ ample. There are now not less than from 20 to 30 Men from the two Settlements of the Derwent and Port Dalrymple in the Woods, who have become extremely troublesome, plundering the Settlers of their Arms, Dogs, and whatever else might be of use to them. From their intimate knowledge of all parts of the interior, it has now become a difficult task to take them; they are constantly on their Guard against Surprise, seldom residing long at one place, and chusing those residences in the most con­ cealed and unfrequented parts; Some of them have forced the Native Women after murdering their Protectors to live with them, and have Families. It has however now become the duty of Government to put a Stop to their further depredations and by some severe Examples deter others from following a Way of life, of all others the most congenial to the idle and vicious, at the same time it is most destructive to habits of good Order and industry. Expence of Great Expence of mintaining the Convicts.—The Expence maintenance of which the Crown has been put to in forming and maintaining the Settlement has been considerable, much more so indeed than appears atfirst Vie w to have been necessary. This Expence is caused in thefirst instanc e from the great quantity of provisions purchased at very high prices for the Maintenance of those who ought to maintain themselves or at least do something towards it; the victualling of a Convict at this Moment does not cost Government less than 15s. weekly exclusive of Cloathing, And this at a reduced ration; it cannot be doubted that this heavy Expence might in some measure be lessened by a greater degree of attention being paid to the Management of the Public Stores and Expenditure of Provisions. Another great Cause is the Maintenance of the Settlers from Norfolk Island, as, according to their Agreement with the Government, they and their families were to be victualled by the Store for thefirst 1 8 Months, besides having Convicts to assist in the Cultivation of their Grounds. But, as it was impossible to allow them any Convicts, they must continue a proportionate longer time dependent on the Store for Subsistence than would other-wise have been the Case* if they had the Assistance they were led to believe would have been given them. The Orders of Government for abandoning Norfolk REPORT ON SETTLEMENT. 577

Island were carried into full Effect in 1807-8 to the very Serious ISIO. loss and Inconvenience of those poor people, arising not from theAccoun t o{ the Want of liberality in the Conditions offered to their Acceptance settlement at by the Government at home, but from the totally inadequate by j. oxley. Means that were provided for their Subsistence and Comfort at Settlers from their New place of Abode. Most of those Settlers were living in a most comfortable Manner, possessing without much labour every necessary of life in Abundance, And the luxuries, which the Island did not afford, was purchased by its produce. Every one of them had some Stock, which, on giving up to the Com­ mandant at Norfolk, was to be returned in kind, at the Derwent; habitations were also to be provided for them till they could build others for themselves. Claims of the Norfolk Settlers.—In these Expectations, they were disappointed, and very few of their Claims have been settled. As the greater part of those Settlers had large Families, who had been used to live in a State of Comparative Plenty, were now reduced to a precarious and scanty Allowance from the Public Store, unaccustomed to the Climate and totally un­ acquainted with the Seasons, It could neither be supposed nor expected but that they would be a Burden on the public for a considerable time, And at the same time lament the State of Ease and plenty they have exchanged for hard labour and the Miseries of Famine. There can be, however, no doubt but that something will be done to relieve them from the deplorable State of poverty, to which they are reduced, And that Government will lend a compassionate ear to the Claims of those numerous Families, who are now experiencing the pressure of Want. As the Terms held out by Government to the Norfolk Settlers appear not only liberal but easy to be fulfilled, It does not appear why those Stipulations were not complied with; there must either have been a considerable degree of Neglect in the Execu­ tive Government in not providing Means to fulfil the intentions of the Government at home, or those Means if supplied have not been appropriated to the purpose for which they were in­ tended. One thing is certain, the Settlers have not received the Encouragement they were promised, nor does there appear to be any extraordinary trouble taken either to maliorate their Condition or render them contented with their change of Situation. Population.—The Inhabitants in this Settlement are upwards Population. of Eleven hundred. Of these, above 800 are supported by Govern­ ment, which calculating each ration at Is. per diem (the very lowest that can possibly be allowed) will form an Annual expence

SEB. III. VOL. I—2 0 578 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. to Government of near £15,000 exclusive of all other Expences; Account of the ^ would certainly be a desirable Object, if this heavy Charge settlement at could be by any Means curtailed, and nothing appears so likely by J. oxley. to forward it as a proper distribution of laboring Convicts among Reforms the most industrious Settlers, by which Means those Men, who are nominally in the Employ of Government but actually living by depredation, might be rendered in some degree serviceable; And this without any Charge, to the Crown, As the Settlers would be glad to maintain them in return for their labour. And I feel convinced that, by proper Attention on the part of the Commandant, two Years would render this Settlement inde­ pendent in the Article of Bread, which, when once affected, would reduce the Charge to Government of solely victualling the Troops and Civil Officers, together with such Convict Artificers as it might be necessary to retain in the Service of the Crown. This Method of distributing the Labourers among the Settlers might also be productive of Advantage to the Settlement in a Moral point of View; for, separated as they must eventually be from their Companions in Vice, debarred by. their Situation from Incentives to plunder, they would soon become habituated to the paths of honest Industry, And, when their Term of Trans­ portation expired, instead of a number of desperate irreclaimable Characters being let loose on the Settlement to plunder and disturb it, they would return to Society, convinced by dear bought Experience that " Honesty is the best policy." Supply of What has been said with respect to the time the Settlement would under proper Management Supply itself with Grain does not so certainly apply to Animal Food, for, tho' the quantity of Breeding Stock is considerable, it does not by any Means equal the population; it is besides chiefly in the hands of Government and one or two Individuals; and, so long as it does continue in few hands, it will always be scarce, tho' the increased Culture of Grain will tend in some Measure to supply the Settlers' Wants by enabling them to feed a greater Number of Domestic Stock. It would perhaps be good policy, as well as humanity, to distri­ bute a few Breeding Cows and Ewes among those Settlers, who appear most deserving, And for which they should pay from the produce of their Farms as soon as they were able. And, to prevent any improper use being made of this Indulgence, the Sale of the Original Stock and increase should be prohibited under penalty of Forfeiture for a certain Term of Years. By this Means, the possession of Stock becoming more equalised would in the Course of 4 or 5 Years preclude the Necessity of Government purchasing Salt provisions at the very high price they are obliged to do at present, and the REPORT ON SETTLEMENT. 579

Expence reduced to the pay of the Civil and Military Establish- ISIO. ments, which a judicious Application of duties, levied on Spirits Account of the and other Luxuries, would in some Measure reduce. the'rlSw m* It may be urged that many of the lower Class of Settlers are by J. Oxley. unable to maintain themselves, much less feed a servant; it is ^f^A™*™ true that it might in many Cases be necessary to victual the convicts. Convict allowed for thefirst 18 Months, But, after that period, I am persuaded that the Settler would be amply enabled by the profits of his labour to find him not only in provisions but Clothing, which he should be allowed to draw from the public Store on paying for it in Grain or Animal Food, the produce of his Farm. Those Settlers, who have been longer on the Spot and have already got land in Cultivation, should be obliged on being indulged with Convict Servants to enter into a Bond with Government, that the Crown -should not be at any Charge what­ ever either for Subsistence or Clothing, And that the Convicts so indented should not be suffered to quit their Service without the Consent of Government beingfirst obtained , the Lieutenant Governor reserving to himself the right of recalling them to Govt. Employ, whenever the exigency of the Service should require it. No Courts of Justice.—The Settlement labours under the dis- Want of advantage of having no Court empowered to try Criminal awcou Offences on the Spot. The Lieutenant Governor is obliged to send every Prisoner to Sydney for Trial, where, from want of Evidence, the length of time which must have elapsed since the Commission of the Crime, and the reluctance of Prosecutors to go to such a distance, are frequently the Causes of many notorious Offenders escaping unpunished; this Want of Power to punish Criminals capitally has the worst Effect on the ill disposed, as the almost certain Chance of their escaping un­ punished encourages them to commit any kind of depredation; it seems to have been the intention of Government to have rectified this Evil, as a patent empowering the Lieut. Governor to hold criminal Courts was prepared, and a Deputy Judge Advo­ cate appointed; but, from some unaccountable mistake tho' the latter came out, yet the former remains in England and without it the Judge Advocate cannot exercise his Functions. Petty Offences are, however, punished by the Authority of a Bench of Magistrates, who are appointed by the Governor iii Chief on the recommendation of the Lieutenant Governor. Minerals.—The South part of Van Dieman's Land does not Minerals. seem to abound in Minerals. Iron is found but not in such plenty or equal Richness as at Port Dalrymple; there is however Abundance of Coals and some Allum. No Limestone has yet 580 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. been discovered, And it seems to Labour in common with the Account of the Continent under the Want of that valuable Article. Extensive settlement at Strata of Marine Shells are found in Abundance, and compen­ the Derwent sates in some Measure for the deficiency in the former Article. by J. Oxley. Bay whaling. Black Whale Oil Fishery.—The resort of the Black Whale to the numerous harbours of Van Dieman's Land during the Winter Months from April to August is a Circumstance, from whence the Settlement promises to derive considerable benefit; in Suc­ cessful Seasons, Six hundred tons have been procured, And in the Season of 1809, which was very far from favorable, upwards of 350. The proximity of the Harbour to the South Cape makes it a desirable place for Ships to touch at and refresh, particu­ larly the Whaler, as the Season, which is favorable for cruising off New Zealand for Spermaceti Whale, is the Season when the Black Whale keep the sea; When the Spermfishery ceases , the Black Whale Fishery commences; the Islands to the Southward and along the Coast abound in the proper Season with Fur Seal, tho' great destruction has of late Years been made amongst them by the numerous Vessels from Port Jackson. Prospects of Conclusion.—In Short, Nature seems to have dealt out her the settlement. favors with a liberal hand, And tho', from a Variety of Causes, we have to lament the State of Want to which the Settlement is reduced, It must be a Source of Satisfaction to every Well wisher to the Settlement that this necessity does not arise from the Sterility of the Soil or unfavorable Situation, but that, by Industry and labour properly directed, it stands a fair Chance of being enabled not only to Supply its own Population with every Necessary, But also to afford some Assistance to the principal Settlement, if ever again reduced to Want by the dreadful Floods that have so frequently ravaged it. OFFICIAL PAPERS RELATING TO

THE SETTLEMENT OF NORTHERN TASMANIA, 1804 JUNE, 1812.

These papers are divided into three sections:— Section A (pages 583 to 603).—Commissions, instructions, and miscellaneous papers prior to the actual settlement.

Section B (pages 605 to 728).—Despatches to and from lieutenant- governor Paterson and the commandants at Port Dalrymple.

Section C (pages 729 to 778).—Miscellaneous papers.

583

SECTION A.

REPORT of a Survey* made by Mr. William Collins, of the Harbour januarv. of Port Dalrymple, January, 1804. H.M.S. Lady Nelson.

FROM Low Head to Outer Cove the Channel is considerably dan- Report on gerous for strange Vessels to attempt, but might be rendered safe examination of and navigable for any sized Craft by being buoyed or Land Marks by\v. Collins. fixed on Shore. The East side is mostly a Shoal, rocky Shore; that on the West a Sandy Beach, lined by Sands and Rocky reefs. The Rocks are chiefly Basaltes and Iron Stone. The Soil on the East side is in general Sandy, very thinly mixed with a light red Mould, apparently so coloured by the large Quantities of Iron Stone universally found here. The Timber in general is diminutive, although there are some large Trees of the Gum kind. The Land on this Side has been examined as far as a range of Hills bearing E.N.E. of Outer Cove, distant four or five Miles, and no difference of Soil or its productions found. The West side presents a low swampy Country with a Sandy Soil. There is good anchorage for Ships abreast of a Sandy Beach three-quarters of a Mile inside of a Low head, but is not sheltered from the prevailing Winds. Directly aback of this beach there is a fresh water Lagoon, but at present nearly dry; it appears there is a sufficient quantity of Water to be procured here in the Rainy or Winter Season for all purposes. Outer Cove affords good Shelter for two or three large Vessels and any number of small Craft; at the bottom of the Cove there is a Gully which has a winding direction towards other Neigh­ bouring Hills; there is every appearance of its being plentifully supplied with fresh water in the winter time; it is now dry to within three-quarters of a Mile of its Mouth, at which distance the water lies in holes, but not in Quantity sufficient even for Domestic purposes. Fish seem to be in abundance in the Cove, and there are a few places where the Seine may be hauled. There" are plenty of Oysters and other Shell-fish. Green Island lies opposite to Outer Cove; it is chiefly a Rock covered with a light Sandy Soil, producing a few small Trees of the Oak kind and a high coarse Grass. From this place to the Basin there is a good Channel, steep to on both sides; the only danger in entering the Basin is the Shag Rock, which is covered

* Note 275. 584 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA. iso4. at two-thirds flood; but its Situation may at all times be seen anuaiy. from the Mast-head, and there is deep water close to it. The Report on Basin forms a fine spacious Harbour, affording many good and Port Dalrymple safe Anchorages. There are two Arms leading out of the Basin by w. Collins. exclusive 0f the Main Branch; the Tract of Land lying between Western and Middle Arm is chiefly low. On examination we found the Soil throughout to be bad, not affording any Water except at the head of the Arm, where there is a Gully with a large run of excellent Water; from this place to the Mountains the distance is about two and a half Miles, at the base of which there is another abundant Run of good Water. The Timber hereabouts is very large, of the Gum and Stringy Bark kinds. The Land lying about Middle Arm and aback of Middle Island is level for a considerable extent, after which small rising Hills; the Soil in general here is good, but not very rich. Timber of all sizes, and apparently good. We did not find any Water, but no doubt there is plenty at the head of the Arm, being near the Mountains. I had not time to proceed so far without neglecting other pursuits I thought of more consequence. Middle Island contains about 30 Acres of Land, some of it good enough to be made profitable use of. From the Middle Island, proceeding up the Main Branch of the River as far as Egg Island, the Channel is good and navi­ gable for the largest Vessels; between these places there is a Shoal Bay with two Gullies in it; they are at present dry, but seem to be well watered in the Winter Season. The land on both sides between the Islands is hilly, covered with large Timber, and the Soil in many places good; opposite to Egg Island there is a small Creek (not perceptible in passing) that discharges the Water of a beautiful Fall at its head into the main River; this is a very good and convenient place for the watering of Ships, and affords a sufficient supply for the British Navy. Launches or Long Boats can load at half-Flood, and larger Craft at high Water. Ships can lay within a Quarter of a Mile of its entrance. By way of distinction, I have named this Place Supply Creek. From Egg Island to Open Reach (so named from its Form) the Channel is very good, although in the reach but narrow; never­ theless any sized Vessels may get up and down with safety, and without loss of Time. The Country here is low and hilly till its approach to the Mountains; a quantity of Level Land is to be met with, and its quality pretty good, about Swan Point par­ ticularly, and the Water from the above mentioned Creek might easily be conveyed to it. The Timber is large, and seems to be good. SURVEY OF PORT DALRYMPLE. 585

From Open Reach to Upper Island the Channel is still good 1804. and navigable for Ships, beyond which place only for small Craft; January. one Mile and a half above the island was the Lady Nelson's Report on uppermost Anchorage. The Country hereabouts is much the same port Dalrymple as before, the Soil and Timber apparently good. Upper Island by w- 0oIIins- contains between forty andfifty Acre s of Land entirely covered with Wood. From Upper Island to the Head of the Main Body of the River the Country is alternately level and hilly, and has a delightful appearance. There are two Arms that lead from the Main head. I proceededfirst up the one, taking a South-East direction, as far as it is projected on the Chart, where the water is perfectly fresh and good. The River here is about Seventy or Eighty yards wide, and has a winding direction towards the junction of the two Eanges of Mountains to the E.S.E. It runs through a low Marshy Country which appears at times to be overflowed. The Soil on its banks is very good, and there is a great extent of it. This part is navigable for small Craft. On my return I examined the Arm taking a S.W. direction; upon opening the entrance I observed a large fall of water over Rocks, near a quarter of a Mile up a strait Gully, between per­ pendicular Rocks, about one hundred and fifty feet high; the beauty of the Scene is probably not surpass'd in the World; this great Waterfall or Cataract is most likely one of the greatest sources of this beautiful River, every part of which abounds with Swans, Ducks, and other kinds of Wildfowl. On the whole, I think the River Dalrymple possesses a number of local advantages requisite for a Settlement, and merits some attention. WM. COLLINS.

REMARKS* on the Land etc. in the Harbour of Port Dalrymple Remarks on by Thos. Clarke, Superintendant. byT cia'rk"5' e 1804. Jany. 1st.—Entered the Port and came to an Anchor—Landed on the N.E. side of the Harbour, as high up as Outer Cove, Found the land in general low, none high, the Soil either Sandy or Stony, none good—The Timber is Oak and Blue Gum in general bad, one small kind marked in the Sample No. 1 is fit for small purposes like the two Species of Box, which is larger here than at Port Phillip, the Fern here is also larger, the Honey­ suckle smaller, found no run of fresh water. 2nd.—Landed more towards the Mouth of the Harbour to the Hills, found. them Barren and Rocky, the Valleys Sandy and some times Iron Stone—The timber as before, found no fresh water.

» Note 275. 586 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

is04. 3rd.—In the Morning weighed and stood up the River, anchored January. in QutaT Cove> \ancled up the Creek—The Land Sandy or Stony Remarks on —The timber in general not good, Found no fresh Water. Port Dalrymple D , by T.-ciark. 4th.—Went to the Hills about N,o. of the Cove, found them Stony even to the tops, the low Grounds Sandy or Iron Stone— The timber in general bad, found no fresh Water except a small reedy Swamp where some might be had by digging for. 5th.—Went only a little way this day to try of what kind some of the Trees were, but to no good purpose, the Shores of the Harbour so far up as we went were either of a hard Black Stone, or a Sandy Beach. At 4 P.M. weighed Anchor and stood up the River, Anchored abreast of the Western Arm, went on shore on the S.W. side—The land is low and very even, but sandy and not good, being full of the dwarf Grass tree—The timber is large but not very good—The best seems to he of a narrow leaf kind, as the sample No. 3 and a piece of a Tree No. 2—went not far being near night, the Shore is a Black Stone Rock, in some places the Landing very good. Jany. 6th.—Went on Shore this Morning as far as the Hills inland from the Arm to a very high Peak, where we could see the Sea to the South, and across the Harbour's Mouth—Nothing visible in the compass of the Eye, but Hills rising one beyond another, some of them very high—The Land all the way bad, none good—The timber in places very large and high, between some of the Valleys it seemed very good, chiefly of the narrow leaf kind—Some Stringy Bark was found pretty good—The loose Stones on the lower Land in some places was Quartz, on the high Hills a hard stone, like that on the Hills lower down on the N.E. side. Very good fresh Water was found at the head of the Arm, and a great way further inland between the Mountains we found the same, but not in great Quantities. 7th.—Weighed Anchor this morning and stood up the River anchored near Egg Island afterwards went up higher than is laid down on the Chart, landed but could find no fresh Water. The Land both sides was hilly all the way up in some places very high and apparently barren. 8th.—Landed on the No. side, found some Flaxfive feet high in a bottom, and in spots some Grass of a kindfit fo r Hay or Cattle, but did not seem to extend far, the higher land not good—The timber in general the best of the narrow leaf kind—on this part of the River Mud banks appear at low Water; and in many places beyond them wide reedy Swamps washed by high Tides and Floods—The Soil is of a Blue Clay very fit for Bricks, we dug SURVEY OF PORT DALRYMPLE. 587

180i in two Places for fresh Water, but could not drink it having a T ; strong taste of Allum—No Rocks seen this day—The Land JULl around us appeared hilly—the River in most parts wide but shal- Port^Srympie low. The water too brackish to Drink. by T. Clark. 9th.—This morning the Boat went up the River in search of fresh water, and found some very good, on its return discovered a water fall. 10th.—This Morning at 4 O'Clock went with the Boat up the River to the Water fall for fresh Water, it lays on the right of the River whichflows beyond it to the left, it is a straight Pas­ sage between the Rocks which are very high, the Water is deep— The Country inland appears nothing but Hills and Mountains one beyond the other—There, are some low spots of land near where we are at Anchor seemingly very good, but the quantity is very small, The River is very Shallow with broad Mud Banks and Reedy Swamps beyond them, and the Solid land in some places half a Mile and more broad, on the Rocks we found a few of the Pine Trees quite small of the kind as at Port Phillip opposite where the Calcutta lay at Anchor, and like some we ' found at Kent's Groupe—We are now preparing to get down the River as fast as we can to return to Port Phillip. 11th.—Dropping down the River this day as fast as possible— at 12 O'Clock we were abreast of Upper Island and Anchored in the afternoon—Landed on the S.W. side, found nothing worth relating. 12th.—Dropped down the River as low as Egg Island went on Shore on the S.W. side, where the land was level but very indifferent. 13th.—Went on Shore further down the River, where we found a fall of fresh water up a Creek, about a Quarter of a Mile from the Shore where we took in several Casks of excellent Water. 14th.—Dropped down the River and Anchored just above Middle Island went on Shore on the S.W. side where the land is low, went a long way inland, but found it" very indifferent—The timber thick and large in theflat parts, on the Hills but little and indifferent. loth.—The Vessel did not move any lower this day, the chief part was Rainy, went no farther than the Shore. 16th.—Continued in the same place waiting for Mr. Collins to take Soundings. 17th.—Do. Do. 18th.—Dropped lower down the Harbour ready to put to Sea. 19th.—At i past 6 A.M. weighed Anchor and stood out to Sea. THOS. CLARK. 588 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. INTERPRETATION OF LORD HOBART'S INSTRUCTIONS RE SETTLEMENT — May. OF PORT DALRVMPLE. May, 1804. interpretation [Copies of these queries will be found on page- 6kk et seq., of instructions. vo\ume /7/ ser{es /.]

GENERAL ORDERS. 24 May. . 24th May, 1S04. Military [A copy of these orders, detailing the military detachment for PortiJairympie. ^or^ Dalrymple, will be found on page 83, volume V, series I.]

INSTRUCTIONS* TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON.

1 June. Sir, Sydney, New South Wales, 1st June, 1804. Instructions to The King having been pleased to appoint you to Com­ W. Paterson, mand the Settlement intended to be formed at 'Port Dalrymple, in Bass's Straits, You are furnished with the following Instruc- ' tions for your guidance in discharging the important Trust with which you are vested. Military, civil You will therefore embark on board His Majesty's Armed staff, and Colonial Cutter Integrity, with the Persons as P'r Margin,-)- for convicts to be sent to Port whom Six Months' full Ration will be landed at Port Dalrymple Dalrymple. as you may direct, with a proportion of Tools and Implements as stated in the Invoice, And as I have hired the private Colonial Vessel Contest to take a proportion of People,:}: Stores, and Pro­ visions, You may expect tofind tha t Vessel at Port Dalrymple on your arrival or soon after. As that Vessel will come on a Considerable Demurrage if she remains longer than Six days to discharge, you will loose no time in discharging her and giving the Master a Certificate, noting the Time of his Arrival and Discharge, also any Article that he may be deficient of his Cargo. Instructions to Lieutenant Houstoun, of the Royal Navy, Commander of the •T. Houston. Colonial Cutter Integrity, having my Instructions to go to such of the Ports hereafter stated as the Wind may be favorable for making, You will consider that the object of the present Service is not alone confined to Settling Port Dalrymple, which may be done in thefirst Instance, or as the Winds may favour; It being necessary that you should have a Communication with Lieut.- Governor Collins, at Hobart's Town, in the Derwent, And that you should go to Kent's Bay, in Cape Barren Islands.

* Note 276. t New South Wales Corps: 1 Captain, 18 Non-Comm'd Officers and Privates. Civil: The Assist't Surgeon, 10 Convicts. t New So. Wales Corps: 1 Ensign, 14 Non-Comm'd Officers and Privates, 1 Store­ keeper, 10 Convicts (see note 277). INSTRUCTIONS TO W. PATERSON. 589

You are also to examine how far you consider Port Phillip or isoi. Western Port the mo^t eligible for forming a Post at—not so i_June. much with a view to its being considered a present Agricultural instructions to Settlement as a Post of Occupancy—altho' your Observations Examination of respecting the former advantage at Port Dalrymple, Port Phillip, Port Phillip Wester and Western Port ought not to be totally disregarded. In port " executing this Service You will, as far as time will admit, con­ sidering the Stock of Provisions the Vessel carries, pay particular attention to the face of the Country, wherever it is Hilly, Plain, or Swampy, the Nature and Depth of the Soil, noting such parts and the apparent quantities of Ground which are capable of Cultivation or Grazing to Advantage; Also fresh Water in Streams, Springs, Ponds, or Lagoons; the quantity, Quality, and Size of the Timber growing. You will also observe the best situation for Settlements, in which you will have a view to the Commercial Advantages, Access of Vessels obtaining Fresh water, and its Defence. You will also observe where Settlers can be advantageously placed, and finally make such general daily Observations as may guide my Judgement in the most proper places to establish Settlements, committing all your Observations to writing and noting the above Objects on the Charts* you are furnished with, together with every other Information on that Subject. Information having been given me of an American Vessel, f now Prohibition of said to be lying in Kent's Bay among Cape Barren Islands, ^Americans. where the Crew are building a Vessel from the remains of the Sydney Cove's Wreck and other Timber which they have Col­ lected on different parts of this Coast, and have erected a Dwelling, You will on ariving, in conjunction with Lieut. Hous- toun, direct the Master to desist from building any Vessel what­ ever; And you will, in Virtue of My Proclamation^: on that head, Command him to desist from Constructing any Vessel exceeding the Dimensions pointed out in the Proclamation. And should he refuse complying therewith, You will immediately cause the King's mark to be put on some of the Timbers of the said Vessel and forbid him and his People from prosecuting the work, taking care not to suffer any or the least Act of Hostility, or loosing sight of the attention due to the Subjects of the United States of America agreable to the tenor and meaning of the Article of the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation between His Majesty and the United States of America, dated 28th October, 1795. And you will also forbid the said Commander, or the Prohibition Commanders of any Ships belonging to Foreigners of any °ett°emlnt. Nation that you may now or hereafter have any intercourse with, from building, or causing to be built, any Habitation whatever

* Note 278. t Note 279. t Note 280. 590 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. on any part of the Coasts, Bays, or Islands within the Limits of 1 June. this Territory and its Dependencies without my previous Con­ Instructions to sent and Authority obtained for that purpose. W. Paterson. These Services being Executed, you will return to this Port in Detachment to be stationed at the Integrity, leaving the Captain and Detachment you take in Port Dalrymple possession of Port Dalrymple, with Instructions to maintain that Post for His Majesty until you return to resume that Command, taking care that the following Instructions be observed in Con­ ducting the Government of the Settlement. Intercourse You are to endeavour, by every means in your power, to open with natives. an intercourse with the Natives and to conciliate tbeir goodwill, enjoining all persons under your Government to live in Amity and kindness, with them; and if any Person shall exercise any Acts of violence against them, or shall wantonly give them any interruption in the exercise of their several Occupations, You are to cause such Offender to be brought to Punishment accord­ ing to the degree of the Offence. Animal food You will, of course, immediately endeavour to procure such and fish. kinds of Animal Food as the place can supply, and you will be particularly careful to Cure whatever supplies of Fish that may be caught, and to serve it out in Rations for the supply of the Settlement. Stores. The Assortment of Tools and Implements which have been pro­ vided for the use of the Convicts and other Persons who are to compose the intended Settlement are to be distributed according to your discretion and according to the Employment assigned to the several Persons. In the distribution, however, you will use every possible GZconomy, and you will direct the Storekeeper not to issue any without written Authority from you. You will also from Time to time transmit to me regular Statements of the above Issues, and of the remaining Stores, in order that I may be enabled to judge of the propriety or expediency of granting further supplies. The Cloathing of the Convicts and the Pro­ visions Issued to them, and to the Civil and Military Establish­ ments, must be accounted for, and regular Lists thereof trans­ mitted to me, to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, and to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, in the same manner. Clothing for In distributing the Cloathing to the Convicts under your convicts. Charge, it must be clearly explained to each Individual at the Time of receiving the same, that it is to be his or her Cloathing for one Year, and that no deviation from this Rule will be per­ mitted,, excepting upon urgent Occasions, satisfactorily explained to you. A Return must be transmitted of all Provisions, Cloath­ ing, and Stores, from time to time received for the Use of the INSTRUCTIONS TO W. PATERSON. 591

Settlement, and you will not fail regularly to transmit such 1804. Returns to me, to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for 1Ju "e' the Colonies, and to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's instructions to Treasury, together with the Storekeeper's Return of their distri­ bution under separate heads of Cloathing, Stores, and Pro­ visions. Ihe distribution of the Provisions must appear in a Victual- victualling ling Book, which should be kept by the Storekeeper in like manner as is usual with Pursers in the Navy, bearing the Persons on separate Lists where their Rations differ, and the Title of each List expressing the Ration.

The ready-made Cloathing should be distributed in the manner iS8ue of above mentioned, and a regular Account, both of the time of cloi:hlng' delivery and the names of those to whom it is delivered, must appear in a Regular Return of Cloathing. It is also highly necessary that a Yearly Return of all Mar- Return of riages, Births, and Deaths within the Settlement should be made carriages and and Signed by you or the Person administering the Government deaths. thereof. As the increase of the Stock of Animals must in a great degree Preservation .depend upon the measure you may adopt and pursue for their ofllvestock- preservation, You are particularly Charged and directed to be extremely cautious not to prevent (unless under very particular Circumstances) any Cattle, Sheep, Swine, or even Poultry, to be Slaughtered or exported from the Settlement, but you are to pre­ serve them as much as possible for propagating the Breed until a competent Stock may be acquired to admit of your supplying the Settlement from it with Animal Food without having further re­ course to the places from whence such Stock may have been originally obtained; and you are, if you find it expedient, to issue Live Stock for the purpose of breeding to Settlers of any Descrip­ tion who are likely to take proper care of the same, fully explaining to them and to the Colony at large, that the Animals so issued are to be considered as property totally unalienable 'till the second Generation, but that if the Ewe and itsfirst Lamb are preserved, the second and all future Lambs may be sold at the will of the Proprietor. The productions of all descriptions acquired by the Labour of Products the Convicts must be considered as a Public Stock, which is so "abou"0' far left to your disposal that such parts thereof as may be re­ quired for the subsistence of the said Convicts and their Families, or the Subsistence of-the Civil and Military Establishments of the Settlement, may be applied by you to those purposes; and you will procure and. transmit to me from time to time regular Accounts of the Receipts and Application thereof. 592 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. The Regulations* established by His Majesty's Instructions to 1 June. me as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Settlement in Instructions to New South Wales, and by the Orders Communicated thro' the W. Paterson. Secretary of State for my observance, in the granting of Lands Regulations and orders. to Settlers and Emancipated Convicts, and in regard to the allow­ ance of labour of Convicts, as well as the Regulations from time to time established by me, and approved by His Majesty, for preventing abuses arising from the Introduction and Sale of Spirituous Liquors, are herewith enclosed. I-also furnish you with Copies of the Orders* established by me, and approved of by His Majesty, for the Regulation of the Police of the Settlement, and for the Establishment of Port Duties; and I am to signify to you His Majesty's pleasure that these Documents are to form the Rule of your Conduct in regard to the same Subject, to such Orders and Instructions as you may from time to time receive from me, or from His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies. Prevention of The Clandestine Introduction of Spirits into the Settlement illegal import of spirits. must be guarded against by the utmost vigilance and attention on your part; and if, notwithstanding your exertions for this purpose, any quantity of this pernicious Liquor should be dis­ covered in the possession of any Person or Persons, it will be your Duty to Seize and, if necessary, to destroy the same. Retailing In case you should find it indispensably necessary to grant of spirits. Licences for Retailing Spirituous Liquors, it will be your duty to confine such Licences to as few Persons as possible; if to two or three, their Conduct would be more easily watched and Con­ trolled, and thefirst instanc e of irregularity should deprive them of the Licence. But I trust that nothing but urgent necessity will induce you to sanction the Public retail Sale of Spirits—at least, during the Infancy of the Settlement. Vacancies in Upon the Death or Suspension of any Civil Officer of the Es­ civil staff. tablishment, you are authorized to appoint any proper person for the execution of the Duties of such Office until His Majesty's pleasure shall be known; but you are to report such Proceedings to me, and request my Approbation and Authority for sending such suspended Officer to England, which you will then do by the first convenient Opportunity that may offer, transmitting at the same time your reasons for such suspension. Precautions And in order to prevent by every possible precaution the against escape Escape of any of the Convicts from the Settlement under your of convicts. Command, you are to take particular care that all Clandestine Communication with the Possessions of the East India Com­ pany, as well as the Coast of China, and the Islands situated in

* Note 281. CHARTER OF SLOOP CONTEST. 593 that part of the World to which any intercourse has been estab- i804. lished by any European Nation, should be prevented as far as lJune - can be done, except in so far as the same may be authorized hy instructions to the Governor-General in India, the Governor of the respective Presidencies there, or Myself, or in consequence of Orders from England. You are also expressly Commanded not to allow Craft Prohibition of of any sort to be built for the use of private Individuals without boatbuilding. a written Licence from me; and you are to prevent the Persons on board of any Vessel which may arrive at the said Settlement from any of the parts before mentioned from having Communi­ cation with any of the Inhabitants residing within your Govern­ ment without first receiving especial permission from you, or without producing such permission as above described. You will not fail, by all proper methods, to enforce a due observance observance of Religion and Good Order among all the Inhabit- of rellslon- ants of the proposed Settlement, and you will take such steps for the Celebration of Public Worship as circumstances will permit, and in particular for the due and proper observance of the Lord's day. I have now only to add that in Case of your Death or absence provision for from your Government, it is His Majesty's Pleasure that the command11 Charge of the Settlement intended to be formed at Port.Dal­ rymple shall devolve upon the Officer Commanding any of His Majesty's Forces immediately under you, until such time as the Person who may be appointed by me to succeed you shall arrive, and for this purpose the necessary Notification is in such Case to be made to me with the least possible delay. And notwithstanding you are directed to leave the Command optional 0 01 with the Captain you take with you while you return hither, and w ^rterson ' until you resume the Command, Yet, if you conceive His Majesty's Service will be more benefitted by your remaining at Port Dalrymple, You will in that Case transmit your Observa­ tions by Lieutenant Houstoun. I have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING.

CHARTER PARTY OF SLOOP CONTEST. charter of sloop Contest. NEW SOUTH WALES. This Charter Party of Affreighment, made thefirst da y of June in the year of Our Lord One thousand, Eight hundred and four, by and Between Philip Gidley King, Esquire, Captain General and Governor in Cheif of this Territory, on the part and behalf of His Majesty on the one part, and Henry Kable and James Underwood of Sydney, Ship Owners and Copartners

SER. III. VOL. I—2 P HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

of the other part, Witnesseth: that, for the consideration here­ after mentioned, they the said Henry Kable and James Under­ wood do undertake and engage tofit an d properly equip out the Sloop Contest (whereof they are owners) and that the said Sloop shall proceed from this Port to Port Dalrymple, navigated by a competent master and mate and at least four Able Seamen. That there shall be received on board and conveyed to Port Dalrymple as aforesaid such Provisions and Stores, as His Excellency the Governor in Cheif may direct, and the vessel can with Safety Stow, and that the Cabin shall he partly appropriated for the use of the Officers going Passengers in the said Sloop to Port Dalrymple as aforesaid; that such Passengers, Provisions, and Stores shall he delivered at Port Dalrymple to whomsoever Lieu­ tenant Governor Paterson shall direct to receive them, and in the Event of the said Lieutenant Governor Paterson not being arrived at Port Dalrymple, the said Provisions and Stores are to he landed in such place as Ensign Draffen may direct under the Care and Charge of the Store Keeper. In consideration of which Service, so to be well and truly, ren­ dered as aforesaid, the said Philip Gidley King, Esquire, as Governor aforesaid, Promises and Engages to pay or Cause to be paid to the said Henry Kable and James Underwood the Sum of One hundred arid twenty pounds Sterling on producing a Certi­ ficate from the Officer in Command at Port Dalrymple that the Terms and Tenor of this Charter Party have been fulfilled. And it is-further understood that, if there should be any Cause or Reason for detaining the said Sloop Contest longer than Six Days after her Anchoring at Outer Cove or in any other part of the said Port or River, then a further Payment for such Detention is to be made to the said Henry Kable and James Underwood at the rate of One hundred Pounds per Month for the days she is so detained, which is also to he certified by the Officer in Command. And if it should so happen that the said Sloop should by any Accident be lost in going into or returning out of said Port or River to which She is destined, then and in that Case the said Governor in Cheif is to be answerable for a Moiety of the Worth of the said Sloop (the same being esti­ mated at Six hundred pounds) : Provided that it appears such Loss or Accident is not Occasioned by the Wilful Neglect or Misconduct of the Owners, Master of the said Sloop AT of the Crew; and lastly, for the true performance of this Charter Party on the part of the said Henry Kable and James Underwood, they bind themselves to the said Philip Gidley King, Esquire, Gover­ nor as aforesaid, in the Penalty of One hundred Pounds to be forfeited and recovered from them. But it is to be clearly INSTRUCTIONS TO J. HOUSTON. 595 understood that the Terms of this Charter Party is not to be 1804. considered a precedent in future Engagements of this Kind. IN 1 June- WITNESS whereof the Parties have hereunto Set their Hands and charter of Seals the day and yearfirst abovewritten . s oop on es' PHILIP GIDLEY KING. HENRY KABLE. J. UNDERWOOD. Signed Sealed and delivered (where no Stamps being in use) in the Presence of:—RD. ATKINS, J.A. INSTRUCTIONS TO LIEUTENANT JOHN HOUSTON.* instructions to BY His Excellency Philip Gidley King, Esquire, Captain General and Governor in Chief in and over His Majesty's Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, etc., etc., etc., and Principal Commander of His Majesty's Armed Vessel Buffalo. THE Vessel you Command having received on board Four Months Provisions for her Complement and the Supernumeraries you take on board, You are hereby required and directed to receive Lieutenant Col. Paterson with the Detachment of the New South Wales Corps and Prisoners as Pr. Margin,-)- for whom Six Months Provisions and Stores are also put on board. You will proceed from hence to the following Places Vizt. Sullivan Cove in the Derwent, Kent's Bay in Cape Barren Islands, Port Dalrymple, Port Phillip, and Western Port, pro­ ceeding in thefirst Instance to either of these places, as the Wind may be most favorable and as Circumstances may occur on youi consulting with Lieut. Colonel Paterson. You will not make a longer stay at Sullivan Cove than two days after Lieut. Col. Paterson has a Communication with Lieut. Governor Collins or the Officer Commanding at that Settlement, Information having been given me of an American Vessel,^ now said to be lying in Kent's Bay among Cape Barren Islands, where the Crew are building a Vessel from the remains of the Sydney Cove's Wreck, and other Timber which they have Col­ lected on different parts of this Coast, and have Erected a dwell­ ing; You will on arriving, in Conjunction with Lieut. Colonel Paterson direct the Master to desist from building any Vessel whatever, And you will, in virtue of My Prbclamation§ on that head, Command him to desist from Constructing any Vessel exceeding the Dimensions pointed out in the Proclamation; And should he refuse complying therewith, you will immediately cause the King's mark to be put on some of the Timbers of the said * Note 282. f New So. W. Corps:—1 Captain; 18 Non Com'd Officers and Privates. Civil:— The Ass't Surgeon; 10 Convicts. t Note 279. § Note 280. 596 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Vessel, and forbid him and his People from prosecuting the ljiune. work, taking care not to suffer any or the least Act of Hostility, instructions to or loosing sight of the attention due to the Subjects of the J. Houston. TTmted States of America, agreeable to the tenor and meaning of the Article of the " Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navi­ gation " between His Majesty and the United States of America, dated 28th October, 1795. Being provided with the Charts* of Port Dalrymple, Port Phillip, and Western Port, you will, on arriving at the former place, land such of the Officers and Detachment, Provisions, and Stores, as Lieut. CoL Paterson may wish, at the place pointed out by that Officer, giving every assistance he may require and as can he spared consistent with the Vessel's safety. On arriving at Western Port and Port Phillip, you will give Lieut. Col. Paterson every assistance in your power, and that can be done with safety to the Vessel in facilitating his Examination of those Ports. And, on the Services of the Cutter being no longer wanted by Lieut. Col. Paterson, you will return hither without loss of time and deliver to me a Journal of your Proceedings. Given under My Hand -at Government House, Sydney, in New South Wales, this 1st day of June, 1804. PHILIP GTDLEY KING.

GENERAL ORDERS. 8 June. . . 8th June, 1804 Appointment of [-4 copy of these orders, appointing A. F. Kemp andrSoim magistrates and Savage magistrates, and W. P. Crook storekeeper, will be found storekeeper. on page 86, volume V, series I.]

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON.

11 Aug. 11th August, 1804. Appointment [Copies of this letter and its enclosure will be fovtnd on pages of A. Riley as 235 and 1.27, volume V, series I.] storekeeper.

WARRANT AND GENERAL ORDERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO A. RiLET.f 11th and 14th August, 1804. [Copies of these papers will be found on pages 28k and 92, volume V, series I.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO UNDER-SECRETARY SULLIVAN.

14 Aug. Dear Sir, Sydney, New South Wales, 14th Augt., 1804. Transmission I have the pleasure of sending you by Captain Bunker of pheasants' (who commands the Albion Whaler) a small box containing two skins. of the Pheasants' Skins of this Country, which I conceive may be

* Note 27S. t Note 2S2. PATERSON TO SULLIVAN. 597 acceptable to Lady H. Sullivan, as they are not common. I hope 1804. no accident will happen to them on the Voyage, being at present 14_^- in very good order—they are both Males, their Ages may be easily distinguished by their feathers. s e n d a pt I am now preparing to make a Second attempt for Port Dal-t 0 ^t t le ^ rymple. I hope it will be what Government has been led to Dalrymple. believe it is; but if the entrance into it is so dangerous as is reported by the Different Surveys, I fear we will never be visited by Ships of Burthen. However, when I get there it will be my constant employment and study to ascertain every advantage and disadvantage it has for a Settlement likely to prosper, which I shall communicate to you without reserve for the Information of Government. I cannot help remarking that, except the nautical Surveys of Contradictory Flinders and Bass, there are not two of the many who have been reP°rts- in Port Dalrymple agree in their opinion respecting that Port; and it is also remarkable that no one has ever been employed by the Governor in the several Expeditions to the Southward for exploring, who had any idea of Soil, or could form any judgment of the natural productions of Van Dieman's Land. In the short excursions* I made in June and July, 1801, to Settlement at Hunter's River, now named New Castle, I pointed out the advan- "' tages that might be derived from a Settlement being established at that place, which was atfirst rathe r doubted, but is now proved to be what my report was, altho' I am not allowed any merit from my observations on that Excursion; the Governor, nevertheless, encourages the Settlers who leave Norfolk Island to settle on the Spot I recommended. I have taken the liberty of enclosing you an Extract from my Notes on the Memorandum book when on that Journey, the observations there- Hunterriver- in contained I am certain will be verified in every circumstance; and had they been attended to atfirst, many of the Prisoner? might have been employed more to the advantage of a New Colony than what they are in general. I request you will communicate any part of my information, which you may think worthy of Government Notice. I am extremely sorry to hear of Sir S. Hippsley's Accident. He mentions it, hut does not say how it happened. I hope General Forbes and Family are well, to whom I beg my respects as well as your brother and his family. I am, &c, W. PATERSON. P.S.—Mr. Riley, who came here in the Experiment, goes with me as Acting Store Keeper; had such Characters as him (with the same indulgence from Government) been encouraged as

* Note 283. 598 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. Settlers from the Commencement of this Colony, I am confident 14 Aug. it would, ere this, have been independent in everything, clothing excepted. I have taken the liberty of enclosing this in a Letter to my Agent (Mr. Curtain) under Cover to Lord Hobart. W.P.

WARRANT AND GENERAL ORDERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO SURGEON MOUNTGARRETT.* „„ , , „„„,, 31 Aug. 31st August, 1804. Appointment [Copies of the warrant and general orders will be found on of surgeon. pages 23k and 270, volume V, series /.]

26 Sept. STORES FOR PORT DALRYMPLE. Spirits and THE Purser of the Buffalo is directed to furnish the Storekeeper powder for at Port Dalrymple with three puncheons of Spirits and 2 half settlement. Barrels of Gunpowder for the use of that Settlement, To be re­ turned on the purser deliver'g the Storekeeper's receipt approved of by the Command'g Officer. 26th Septr., 1804. P.G.K

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. Sydney, New South Wales, 27 Sept. Sir, 27th September, 1804. Appointment I have the honor to acknowledge Your Excellency's Letter and of the 24th Instant, and have to request you will accept of my jurisdiction of W. Paterson. most grateful acknowledgment for the honor you have done me, not only by Your Excellency's Commission, but also in that of drawing the Line of Demarcation,-)- which may hereafter prevent any disputes which may occur between Lieutenant-Governor Collins and myself in our separate Commands. Instructions The Extract of Lord Hobart's.Letter^: containing His Majesty's from Lord Hobart. Instructions I conceive perfectly satisfactory to myself in sup­ porting that Command independant of Lieutenant-GovernoT Collins, as it could not be supposed at the time my Appointment took place in England hut that he was either at Port Phillip, King's Island, or some other Situation in Bass's Straits. In answer to your Excellency's Queries— Military 1st, " Whether you consider yourself when at Port Dalrymple seniority. under the Military Jurisdiction of either Lieutenant-Colonel Collins or that of the senior Officer at this place commanding the New South Wales Corps for the time being,"— I do not consider myself under the Military Jurisdiction of Colonel Collins, except we were serving together in Field or Garrison. If a senior Officer of the Corps was serving in any part of this Territory or its Dependencies, it becomes my indis­ pensable Duty to make all Regimental Reports to him.

Note 95. •Note 103. t Note 284. COMMISSION OF W. PATERSON. 599

In Answer to your Excellency's second Querie:— 1804. "Or whether you consider yourself amenable only to Me as 27 Sept" His Majesty's Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of this f^J^j0™* Territory and its Dependancies, there being no Officer in the commander- Army appointed by His Majesty to act as Commander-in-Chief in"chlef- in this Territory and its Dependancies, or Brigadier-General of a District, Province, or County therein,"— By His Majesty's Appointment for me to administer the in­ tended Settlement at Port Dalrymple, and your Excellency's Commission in placing me in that important Trust, and being the next in Command to Yourself as Lieutenant-Governor of this Territory, I conceive myself amenable to Your Excellency only, in everything which respects His Majesty's Service in General, both Civil and Military; and what respects the Corps doing Duty at Head Quarters will be conducted as heretofore by the Officer in Command. I have only to add that all Orders I receive from Your Excel- prospective lency shall be punctually attended to; but in the event of Lieu- ^pf orders tenant-Governor Collins interfering with me in my Military from D. Collins. Capacity, I most certainly will not comply, except in the most urgent Necessity, where the good of His Majesty's Service re­ quires it; and as Lieutenant-Governor of this Territory, I can­ not conceive he will give me any Orders respecting the Adminis­ tration of my Government, as in that I shall be entirely guided by your Excellency's Instructions. I have therefore to suggest, for Your Excellency's considera- instructions tion, Colonel Collins conceiving Your Appointment* to hold good l^toi ™ with respect to the whole of Van Diemen's Land, and that he interference should suppose me to be under His Command and to obey his y Orders, when they might perhaps tend to retard the progress of the Settlement, or leave it in a defenceless state, Can I be jus­ tifiable in complying ? He may say I willfind a better situation for a Settlement; am I to relinquish that post contrary to His • Majesty's Instructions and Your Excellency's Orders ? These are Circumstances which I hope You will point out to me, as they may ultimately tend to the good of the Service. I have, &c, W. PATERSON, Lt. Col., New South Wales Corps.

COMMISSION OF LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON.

By Philip Gidley King, Esquire, etc., etc., etc. 1 0ct To Lieut. Colonel William Paterson of the New South Wales commission of Corps, Lieut. Governor of His Majesty's Territory of New South w-Pateison- Wales, hereby appointed to Administer the Government of the

* Note 285. 600 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. intended Settlement on the North part of Van Dieman's Land, lOet. called Port Dalrymple, in the County of Cornwall, The Parallel Commission of of the 42nd degree of South Latitude being the line of demarca­ W. Paterson. tion between the Counties of Buckinghamshire and Cornwall* in the aforesaid Island of Van Dieman, being a Dependency on His Majesty's Territory of New South Wales. Whereas a Despatch,-)- dated June 24th, 1803, was received by me on the 15th last May from the Right Honorable Lord Hobart, one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, Communi­ cating His Majesty's Pleasure that Lieut. Col. Paterson should proceed to Port Dalrymple for the purpose of administering the Government of that New Settlement, and of remaining in that Charge until His Majesty's Pleasure shall be made known; You are, therefore, hereby required and directed to take upon you the Administration of the Government of the said Settle­ ment; And I do hereby Charge and Command all His Majesty's Forces that may be within your Command to Obey your direc­ tions, And you to Obey all such Orders and Directions as you may from time to time receive from me or any other your Superior Officer according to the Rules and Discipline of War. For which this shall he your Authority, until His Majesty's fur­ ther Pleasure is received thereon. Given under My Hand and the Seal of the Territory at Government House, Sydney, in New South Wales, this 1st day of October, 1804. PHILIP GIDLEY KING.

Instructions GOVERNOR KlNG's INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN KENT$ FOR THE VOYAGE toW Kent - TO PORT DALRYMPLE. , ,. , ,DA< 1st October, 1804. [A copy of these instructions will be found on page 222 et seq., volume V, series I.] Instructions to' INSTRUCTIONS to Lieut. Colonel Paterson of the New South Wales Corps, Lieut. Governor of His Majesty's Territory of New South Wales, Administering the Government of the intended Settlement on the North part of Yan Diemen's Land called Port Dalrymple in the County of Cornwall, The Parallel of the 42nd degree of South Latitude being the line of demar­ cation between the Counties of Buckinghamshire and Corn- wallf on the aforesaid Island of Van Dieman, being a Depen­ dency on His Majesty's Territory of New South Wales. 3 Oct. Sir, Sydney, New South Wales, 3rd October, 1804. In pursuance of His Majesty's Pleasure, signified to me by the Right Honorable Lord Hobart, one of His Majesty's Principal Secretarys of State, etc., dated 24th June, 1803,f with these

*Note 103. • Note 2S4. t Note 282. INSTRUCTIONS TO W. PATERSON. 601

Instructions you will receive my Appointment under the Seal of iso4. the Colony to Administer the Government of the Settlement 3 ct' intended to be formed at Port Dalrymple, And to Obey all such ^p™^0"^ t0 Orders as you shall from time to time receive from me, His Majesty's Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Terri­ tory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, or from any other Officer Administering this Government for the time-being. The Commander of His Majesty's Armed Vessel Buffalo has colonists my directions to receive you on the Instant, with thet 0embark - Persons as Per Margin,* and the Commanders of the Lady Nelson, Francis, and Integrity are directed to take such Persons as they can conveniently receive; And Capt. Kent having my directions (a Copy of which I enclose for your information) to proceed without loss of time to Port Dalrymple, You will 'on arriving there loose no time in fixing your Establishment in the most site to be Eligible situation, and proceed to secure the Stores and Provisions,selected - as stated in the Commissary's Priced Invoice, and to place the Military, etc., under Cover as soon as Circumstances will allow of, which will be much facilitated by the three Houses in Frame sent with you. Six Months' Provisions at a Full Ration are sent with you, Provisions. within which time you will receive an additional Supply. You are to inform yourself of the nature of the Soil, What Reports proportion of Land you find proper for the Cultivation of Sura* Wheat, Barley, and Flax; as likewise what quantity of Cattle can ^g^^ be taken care of, and the number of people you may hereafter judge necessary for the above purposes. You will also inform me whether the Timber in that Country isfit for the purposes of being sent to England for the Construction of King's Ships, par­ ticularizing, as far as you are able, the different Species, length of Trunk, and Diameter; also whether it grows mostly Crooked or Strait, and notice the facility of getting it on board Ships. An attention is also necessary to the other productions of that Country. You will likewise observe what are the prevailing Winds and Weatherf in the different Seasons, likewise when the Dry and Rainy Seasons begin and end. [Here followed a verbatim repetition of paragraphs 9 to 19, both inclusive, and paragraphs 28 and 2k of Lord Hobart's in­ structions to lieutenant-governor Collins (see page 12 et seq., volume IV, series I), subject to three alterations:—At the end of paragraph 12, the words " as well as to the Governor-in-Chief of

* Marginal note.—1 Captain; 46 Non-commissioned Officers and privates of the New South Wales Corps; 20 Women ; 14 Children; 1 Surgeon; 1 Storekeeper; 50 Free men and Convicts; 2 Convicts' Wives (see note 277). •J-Nate 286. 602 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. New South Wales" were omitted. At the end of paragraph 18, 3 0et the words "from the Governor of New South Wales" were instructions to omitted, and the words " His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies " substituted. To paragraph 19 the fol­ lowing was added, " and as a further guide to you, besides the existing General Orders and Regulations on that head, you are furnished with my Proclamation* of the 28th May last, respecting Ships importing Spirits without a regular Permission, which yon will cause to be observed."] Assistance You are to afford every assistance and Protection in your vessels.1118 power to the private Colonial Vessels that have my Permission to Navigate in Basses Straits, and about the Coasts of this Terri­ tory, for the purpose of procuring Seal-Skins and Oil. Relief of vessels Should any Ships or Vessels belonging to Powers in Amity in distress. wit}l Hig ]viajesty put into Port Dalrymple in distress, you will relieve their wants so as to enable them to come to this place; but you are on no account whatever to spare them a greater quantity of Provisions or Stores as may be at your disposal than is sufficient for the above purpose alone; And for your guidance respecting not suffering any Foreigners to build Vessels or Houses, or to reside within any part of the limits of this Terri­ tory and its Dependencies, You are furnished with the Pro­ clamation contained in the General Orders of 26th May and 12th of August, 1804.f Settlers to be In consequence of Instructions from the Minister, you will from Norfolk loose no time in ascertaining what number of Settlers may be island. £xe(j atj an(j about Port Dalrymple, as a part of the Settlers will be removed from Norfolk Island thither as soon as I know your opinion thereon; and for your guidance therein [ enclose a Copy of the Conditions on which such Settlers are to remove, as con­ tained in Lieut.-Governor Foveaux's General Order of the 29th May, and confirmed by mine of the 20th July, 1804.$ If it should happen that the number of Free people who may be disposed to establish at Port Dalrymple should be sufficient to be formed into Two Townships,§ It would seem to be advisable that such a measure should be. adopted for the purpose .of my being enabled to regulate the Grants of Land so as to give the greater Scope and Encouragement to the Industry of Individuals, and at the same time to provide against the too great Aggregation of Con­ victs in any one situation. Area of To such Free Settlers as may arrive hereafter from England, land grants. or be gent from j^^ ^ quantity 0f Land that may be allotted them will be regulated by your report of the apparent extent of Ground fit for Cultivation, when every Regulation will be sent you on that subject.

* Note 287. t Note 280. t Note 288. § Note 289. INSTRUCTIONS TO W. PATERSON. 603

In your recommendation for the different Allotments to Indi- isoi. viduals you will make reservations for Public Buildings, such as 30ct. a Church, Court-house, Goal, Lumber-Yards, Barracks, etc., And instructions to S be careful that no land is recommended that may now or here- ^ese^ °^' after be required for Fortifications or any other Public purposes, public

You will also set apart Two Lots of 200 Acres of Land in each G"gb '^ Township, contiguous to the place where a Church and School- schooiiands. house may be Erected, for the Maintenance of a Clergyman and Schoolmaster. [Here followed paragraphs 25 and 26 of Lord Hobart's instruc- observance of tions to lieutenant-governor Collins (see page 16, volume IV, Irovisionfor series I), with the alterations in the last paragraph of the words, vacancy in "Port Phillip" to "Port Dalrymple"; the words "the detach- eommand- ment of Royal Marines " to " any of His Majesty's Forces "; and the words " the Governor at Port Jackson " to " me."]

ADDITIONAL. IN the Despatch,* I have received from My Lord Hobart, Com- w. Paterson y manding a Settlement being formed by you at Port Dalrymple, ^gfachment stating " The Advantageous position of which upon the Southern to remain at Coast of Van Dieman's Land and near the Eastern Entrance of sett emen ' Bass's Straits renders it, in a political point of view, peculiarly necessary that a Settlement should be made there; And as far as the Reports of those, who have visited that Coast, can be de­ pended upon, it is strongly recommended by the Nature of the Soil and the goodness of the Climate." Under these Circumstances, it becomes necessary that I should direct you not to quit that Settlement, or make or allow of any Detachment from the Troops under your Command but by Order from His Majesty's Government at home, or from myself, or other Person Administering the Government of this Territory and its Dependencies for the time being. PHILIP GIDLEY KING.

* Note 284.

605

SECTION B. •

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per H.M.S. Buffalo; acknowledged by Governor King, 6th January, 1805.) Camp at Outer Cove, Port Dalrymple, 1804. Sir, 26th November, 1804. 26SNov. I have the honor to inform Your Excellency of our arrival Arrival at here on the 5th Inst.; the particulars of the voyage will be com- 01 a rymp e' municated to you by Capt. Kent. Being anxious to give Your Excellency every information re- Examination specting the Country as far as time will admit of, and none of ofharbour- our small Craft having arrived, on the 7th Inst. I proceeded up the River as far as Swan Point; as I could not venture to be absent but one day until I had secured His Majesty's Stores, I therefore returned in the Evening. The Salted Provisions and Spirits, with other Articles which Care of stores. will not suffer by Rain, I have lodged on Green Island under a Corp'l's Guard, where they will he perfectly safe for the present. The dry Stores are lodged as safe as can he possible in a well- Thatched Hut near to my own House, until a better building can be Erected. As I found sufficiency of Water for our present consumption, and the unfortunate circumstance of His Majesty's Ship* getting on Shore, I judged it necessary to land the Stores, and on the Commencement 11th Hoisted His Majesty's Colours with the usual Ceremony °* settlement. under a Royal Salute from His Majesty's Ship Buffalo, and next day proceeded to Clear Ground to erect temporary buildings and cultivate. This being done, and the remains of our Stock landed (a Return of which I have the honor to enclose), I made several short excursions in the Vicinity of this Cove,I but am sorry to say Adverse I have not as yet discovered anything to recommend it as a per- cnticisir ° Slte- manent situation, except that of receiving Stores on the Island with more expedition from Shipping than if they were to go further up the River; and if the run of Water continues through­ out the Year, there may be about One Hundred Acresfit fo r Cultivation, and Pasture land for a few Cattle. I am, therefore, of Opinion, there may be a necessity of keeping this Post for the present and a Guard at the Flag Staff. * Note 290. t Note 291. 606 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. I feel much indebted to Capt'n Kent; he has not only been 26 Nov. indefatigable in giving every assistance in his Power to forward­ Assistance ing His Majesty's Service; the Beackons he has laid down, to­ given bv W. Kent. gether with the Flag Staff he has erected at Lower Head* will make the entering into this Port perfectly safe; he has also in his different excursions made several important Discoveries— vizt., Lime Stone and Free Stone for Building. Site at At the head of the Western Arm he found two veryfine runs Western arm. of Excellent Water in great abundance, which I have visited, and which at present appears to be the most eligible situation for the Seat of Government. The distance between the two Runs is about a quarter of a Mile; the Ground is a dry, Sandy Soil, and a very little way inland it is fit for Cultivation, with very lofty Trees,fit for any purposes; on the right of the 1st Run (which I have named Kent's Burn) is a Round Hill of considerable height, well situated for the protection of the Settlement; but I cannot venture any further Opinion how far the Country may be eligible for Settlers until such time as I have examined the Country. River to be In two days it is my intention to proceed up the River with examined. His Majesty's Armed Tender Lady Nelson and my own Boat, with a view to ascertain such information as may be satisfactory, for Your Excellency to communicate the same to His Majesty's Secretary of State, as the result of this Excursion may hereafter be a guide to our future prospects in conducting and forwarding the Service I have the honor of being employed upon, which I hope will ever merit your Approbation. Supplies In consequence of the very great uncertainty of receiving obtained Supplies of Provisions regularly from Port Jackson, I conceived from H.M.S. Buffalo. it would be for the good of His Majesty's Service for Capt'n Kent to leave with me as much as he could spare from the Buf­ falo, and wrote that Officer a Letter on the Subject which I have the honor to enclose, and directed the Storekeeper to give a Re­ ceipt for the Articles specified which accompanies this. The Sein and Boat I am sure will soon pay the Expence they may Cost, having no doubt that when we aTe a little settled I shall be able to save much Salted Meat. The two Seins I brought with me are too small for the Coves in this Neighbourhood but may answer very well higher up the River; if they do not answer I shall order them to be returned. As the Prisoners are totally destitute of Shoes, I have there­ fore requested the Purser to spare Government One Hundred Pair, which will be accounted for in the manner they are ex­ pended. Visit of natives On the 12th a body of Natives, consisting of about Eighty in to settlement. number, made their appearance within about One Hundred

'Note 292. PATERSON TO KING. 607

Yards from the Camp; from what we could judge they were isoi. headed by a Chief, as every thing given to them was delivered up 26 y°'" to this Person; he received a looking-glass, two Handkerchiefs, visit of natives and a Tomahawk; the former astonished them much; like a Monkey, when any of them looked into the Glass they put their hand behind to feel if there was any Person there. Thefirst Hu t they came to they wanted to carry off every thing they saw, but when they were made to understand that we could not allow them they retired peacably. From this friendly interview I was ' in hopes we would have been well acquainted with them ere this, but unfortunately a large party (supposed to be the same) attacked Affray with the Guard of Marines, consisting of One Serjeant and two natnes- Privates, and insisted on taking their Tent and everything they Baw; they came to Close quarters, seized the Serjeant and wanted to throw him over a Rock into the Sea; at last the Guard was under the unpleasant alternative of defending themselves, and fired upon them, killed one and Wounded another; this unfor­ tunate Circumstance I am fearful will be the cause of much mischief hereafter, and will prevent our excursions inland, except when well Armed. They threw several Spears and Stones, but did not hurt any of our People. I shall refer Your Excellency to Capt'n Kent for further particulars. With regard to the Climate, it is much Colder than Port Jack- Climate. son; the Thermometer* in my Wooden House has been as low as 45°, and the hottest day has never exceeded 70°; the prevailing Winds are from the Westward, blowing very hard in general, and consequently makes the East side of the Port very bleak and very unfavorable for Cultivation—at least in this Neighbourhood. I have much pleasure in informing Your Excellency the will­ ingness of all descriptions of People under my Command in forwarding the Service. The Prisoners have worked from day- commendation light till dark every day since we arrived without a murmur; °fconvicts. they have Erected themselves temporary Huts, which I pointed out for them, in a situation clear of the Camp on the opposite side of the Run, to prevent as little Communication as possible with the Troops; the Constables and Overseers are also on the same side with the Prisoners. A Copy of the Orders I have issued, which acompanies this, Orders issued. t hope will meet your Excellency's Approbation; and be assured there shall be nothing wanting on my part in keeping up that good order and Discipline which the nature of the Service requires. I have directed the Storekeeper to furnish a list of such Requisitions. Articles we are in want of; and, should my Report of the Country be so favorable as to meet your.Ideas in encouraging Settlers to

*Note 286. 608 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. come here, I hope the necessary implements for Agriculture 26 Nov. according to their numbers will be attended to, as well as those for the Prisoners who may be required to work for Government. Cultivation As Vegetables will be scarce for some time I have ordered a of potatoes. Gang to break up some Ground on Government Account, and understanding the Master of the Integrity had some Potatoes in good Condition for Planting, I purchased from him Four Hun­ dred Weight, and have given him an Order to be paid on his return to -Port Jackson. The Culinary Seeds I brought with me were entirely destroyed by the Rats. I have, therefore, to request your Excellency will send me some of every kind by the first Opportunity, as Vegetables will be a great Comfort to the labour­ ing People. My Hop Plants are alive, and most of the Fruit Trees and Strawberries; but the Pot Herbs are all Dead, and unless those tender Plants are well secured I shall never expect them to arrive safe in this Settlement on Account of the very Boisterous Weather Vessels coming here generally experience. Losses by As Your Excellency is well acquainted with the great incon­ soldiers on veniences and Expence Officers and others are at in providing voyage. for their necessary Comforts in a New Settlement, I have en­ closed a List of Articles, which Ensign Hugh Piper has lost in consequence of the bad Weather they had in His Majesty's Armed Tender Lady Nelson, in the hopes you will take that Officer's loss into Consideration, as well as the accompanying List which the private Soldier has also sustained. E. Main to As I was at a loss for a" Person to perform Divine Service, I perform divine have requested of Capt'n Kent to discharge from His Majesty's. service. Ship Buffalo, Edward Main, and have appointed him to that duty for the present until I hear from Your Excellency; and as J. Hill to take James Hill, the Settler, has made himself very useful in taking charge of stock. Charge of our little Stock and attending to other Concerns of Government, I have continued him in these Employments until he canfind ou t a place to Settle on; he receives his Ration from the Stores, without any promise of being continued in that Employment, until I receive your Instructions on that head. Having given Your Excellency the only information I can at present, in hopes my next will be more satisfactory, I have, &c, W. PATERSON. [Enclosure No. 1.]

Return of RETURN of the Quantity of Government Stock in His Majesty's live stock. Settlement at Port Dalrymple, 26th November, 1804. Mule, One; Oxen, Two; Calves, Two; Sheep, Three; Boars, Two; Sows, Thirteen. Two Cows died on the passage. ALEXR. RILEY, Storekeeper. PATERSON TO KING. 609

[Enclosure No. 2.] 1804_ [A copy of lieutenant-governor Paterson's letter to captain Kent is not available.]

[Enclosure No. 3.] GENERAL ORDERS. Camp at Outer Cove, Port Dalrymple, Monday, 19th Novembpr, 1804. Orders re THE Lieut.-Governor is fully aware of the many inconveniences that Conduct in new must attend every Person engaged in the forming a New Settlement, settlement. and that its prosperity can only be ensured by the united efforts of both the Civil and Military, not solely by their utmost personal exer­ tion, but by also a strict adherence to Discipline and good Order; with respect to the Detachment of the N. S. Wales Corps, the Lieut.- Governor has long experienced repeated proofs of their attachment to Eis Majesty's Service; he therefore with the more Confidence in the present particular instance, where encreased attention and Activity is necessary, relies on witnessing their Soldier-like Conduct. To the Prisoners who have come down with him he has only to say as much attention as can be possible in their Situation shall be paid to their Comfort, but any Person showing the least disposition to behave idly or disorderly will be severely punished. He, however, hopes their good Conduct will allow him no occasion to put this unpleasant duty in force. Capt'n A. F. Kemp,* of the N. S. Wales Corps; Jacob Mountgarrett, Magistrates. Esq'r., Surgeon; and Alexander Riley, Esq'r., Storekeeper of the Settlement, are appointed by His Excellency the Governor-in-Chief .Magistrates for this County of Cornwall, and are hereby ordered to be respected as such. Mr. Mountgarrett having been so obliging as to offer his Services to Superintend the Public Works at present carrying on, the different Overseers are. directed to obey any Orders in that respect given by that gentleman. The Lieut.-Governor appoints Thomas Massey to act as Chief Con- Police. stable, with John Winter, Matthew Morton, and John Stoneham, to act as Constables. Charles Barrington is appointed to Act as Head Overseer, with Overseers. Alex'r Cumberbeach to act under him. Mr. Hill is appointed for the present to superintend the Care of the Government Stock, and otherwise to make himself useful until further Orders. The Lieut. Governor hereby directs that the following Extract from intercourse his Instructions shall be most strictly observed under the penalty of witn natives. the severest punishment; And, on any of the Natives being seen near the Camp, he forbids the Troops or Prisoners going near them in Numbers, but any person that may accidentally fall in with them is to immediately acquaint him. You are to endeavour by every means in your power to open an intercourse with the Natives and to Conciliate their good will, enjoin­ ing all Persons under your Government to live in Amity and kindness with them; and, if any Person should exercise any Acts of Violence against them or shall wantonly give them any interruption in the exercise of their several Occupations, you are to cause such Offender to be brought to Punishment according to the degree of the Offence. SER. III. VOL. 1—2 Q * Note 293. 610 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. 24th Novr. 26 Nov. DIVINE Service will be performed in front of the Lieut. Governor's Orders re House to-morrow at 10 o'Clock. Divine service. The Officers, Civil and Military, are expected to attend. The head Overseer will see that the Prisoners are as Clean as possible and will attend with them. Night patrol. The Non-Commissioned Officers will be particularly attentive on their duty, and are required to go the Rounds during the Night every two hours and any occurrence, that may happen, are immediately to report it to the Officer of the week. Issue of spirits. The Commanding Officer having accomodated the Detachment with receiving their Spirits without being mixed with Water, they will take notice, should any Drunkeness be observed in the Camp, such indul­ gence will be instantly withdrawn, and the rates of the Service Military duty. adhered to. A Corporal and two Privates will hold themselves in readiness to relieve the Marines at low head.* The Detachment will Parade for Divine Service to-morrow morning at 10 o'Clock. The Detachment will Parade every Monday Morning at 10 o'Clock in their Fatigue dress and strike their Tents; the Non Commissioned Officers will pay every attention to the Cleanliness of the Camp. [Enclosures Nos. 4 and 5.] [Copies of these lists are not available]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KiNG.f (A private letter per H.M.S. Buffalo.) Camp at Outer Cove, Port Dalrymple, Dear Governor, 26th November, 1804. Observations I was in hopes to have given you a more circumstantial on Port account of our Proceedings since my arrival here than what is Dalrymple. stated in my Public Letter; but the sudden departure of His Majesty's Ship Buffalo does not give me time to offer an official opinion of the Country until my return from the Expedition which I am now about to undertake, but my private ideas at present are such that I think my next Report will be favourable. The Banks of the River as far as Swan Point is beautiful to appearance, and the only one place I have landed on the Verdure is excellent, and the Trees are of a more lively hue than those in the neighbourhood of Port Jackson, and I am well convinced there is no scarcity of good Water. I mention Western Arm as Exploration by a place worthy of notice. Since my writing that Letter, I sent R. Anderson. Ensign Anderson, with two Soldiers, to trace the fresh Water runs at that place. He returned in two days and informed me of his having penetrated into the Country in a Westerly direction for about ten Miles, when he discovered a third run larger than

Note 292. • Note 294. PATERSON TO KING. 611 any of the other two, and he reports his having seen about Three 1804. thousand Acres of Ground equal to any he ever saw for Culti- 26Nov.

+: n Exploration by vaXI011' R.Anderson. The Trees he describes to be lofty and apparently very sound. The sides of the Hills are rocky, with very little Grass between the rocks. In the low ground, which he describes to befit for cultivation, there are no marks of it being overflowed; indeed, the banks of the Burns are so steep and covered with the same Fern-Tree as that of Norfolk Island. It is a sure sign they are not disturbed by the freshes. Mr. Anderson on this Excursion fell in with a party of Natives, but had no communication with them. One of the Soldiers said there could not be less than two Hundred in number. I have requested Mr. Anderson to give me an account of this Excursion which I shall enclose if he hasfinished it before Ifinish this Letter. If not, I shall have an opportunity of visiting that part of the Country myself before the Lady Nelson sails from hence, and I shall do myself the pleasure of transmitting you my own observations. As we are much in want of a little Biscuit when parties are Biscuit supplied 1LS sent out in the woods, Mr. Sherrard has spared me two Hundred- Bu™a^; ' Weight, and I request he may have the same quantity returned. The loss of the two Cows are much to be regreted. Every Loss of c pains was taken to save their lives without effect. Much of the a^| mjjjZ e. Maize has been lost in consequence of being put into bad bags, and much exposed to the Salt Water. The remainder of the Stock is doing very well, and I am cer­ tain will thrive in this Climate, when the soil is tolerable and fit for Pasture, which is very much the case everywhere near the banks of the River where I have been. T have much to say respecting Kent's Group, but time will not permit. I must therefore beg Your Excellency will excuse this hasty Letter. With my best respects to Mrs. King and Elizabeth.* I am, &c, W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING (Despatch per schooner Francis.) Camp at Outer Cove, Port Dalrymple Sir, . 27th Deer., 1804. 27 Dee. I have the honor to inform your Excellency agreeable to my Instructions, I made the necessary arrangements for Secur­ ing His Majesty's Stores on my Arrival here, as stated in my letter, dated the 26th Ulto. P'r Buffalo.

* Note 295. 612 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. On the 28th, I embarked on board His Majesty's Armed Tender 27 Dec. Lady Nelson, with the persons named in the Margin,* and pro­ Examination ceeded up the River for the purpose of making my remarks, and of Port to transmit them to you as early as possible. Dalrymple. I prosecuted my Observations with as much Speed as time could-admit of. Having found the Country in general to exceed my expecta­ tions so much in respect to Fresh Water and Good Soil, etc., I hastened returning to this place for the purpose of giving the earliest information for arranging any measures your Excellency may judge proper to adopt. Since my return, I have investigated most part of the Country in this neighbourhood, and, being still of opinion that the Head of the Western Arm is the most eligible Situation for a per­ Naming of manent residence, I have taken the liberty of naming it York York town. Town,f and a Commanding Hill on the right of it Mount Albany. The names of the District, etc., as marked in the Chart,:): I have given as an acknowledgement of past friendship in hopes it will only be considered as Such, and it will give me infinite pleasure by having your Excellency's approbation in what I have done. Transmission Conceiving my plain, narrative will he more explicit than enter­ of journal. ing into a detail of my proceedings by letter, I have preferred the latter, which will convey every information required of me by yourself, and I beg to request your Excellency will do me the honor of transmitting the Same to His Majesty's Principal Sec­ retary of State, should my few observations in your opinion deserve that merit.

Removal to For the purpose of removing the Labouring People with Part York town. of the Stores, for erecting Buildings before Winter, I have de­ tained the Lady Nelson Some days longer than what was in­ tended; but, as the Service will be forwarded in this detention, I hope it will be of no material consequence, particularly as I wish Shipment of to send by her a few tons of the Iron ore (described in my iron ore. Journal) which I think is of a good quality. I have also sent a Specimen of a greenish earth dug out of a vein on the side of a Small Bay, which I discovered the 8th Inst, on our Passage down the River, the appearance of which certainly indicates Copper; and I have no doubt when a reinforcement of labourers arrives, by following the vein it will be found to contain metal. Having communicated my different remarks to your Excel­ lency, you will I am sure perceive that the prosperity of this Infant Settlement depends much on the description of Settlers and their numbers, as well as the Prisoners who are allowed

* Ensign Hugh Piper, Mr. Mountgarrett, A Corporal and 5 Soldiers. • Note 296. t Note 297. PATERSON TO KING/ 613 them, and in the event of your being pleased to extend and recom- 1804. mend Settlers for Situations to the distance where I have already been, a Stronger Military Force will absolutely be necessary. The Western Arm, with Outer Cove, Green Island and Flag- Military staff, would require one hundred Soldiers, besides those which required6" may hereafter be wanted for protecting Settlers further up the Country. The only part of the Country on each side of the River, which Further I have not yet personally passed over, is that between the West proposed. Head and Western Arm, a distance of Twelve or Fifteen Miles; and, as this space will probably become of moment, being on the side of the River on which the principal Settlement will be fixed, I am anxious to ascertain the particular nature of its Situation as to Soil, Water, etc., before I send you.as compleat the Journal of my Observations on this part of the World; but, as I am also desirous that you should as early as possible receive such in­ formation as I am already able to give your Excellency, I have thought it expedient to dispatch the Schooner Francis with a detail of every occurrance up to this day; and, as Mr. Symons has been with me on every excursion, I have wished to detain him to the last moment, as he will be able to give your Excellency many local pieces of information, which must necessarily escape me in writing; but, as immediately after the 31st as is possible (by which time the Colony's Returns, etc., to the end of the year will be made up), I shall also .despatch the Lady Nelson with Such Intelligence, as I may have obtained to the last instant. With this intention. I have only now to conclude by express­ ing my hopes that what I have already been able to accomplish will meet your Excellency's approbation. I have, &c, W. PATERSON. [Enclosure.]

JOURNAL* OF LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. journal of Outer Cove, 28th Novr., 1804. ^K^pie EMBARKED in the Lady Nelson, commanded by Acting Lieut't by w. Paterson. James Symons, with Ensign Hugh Piper, a Corporal, and three Privates, with my own Servant, Mr. Mountgarrett (the Surgeon of the Settlement), and his Servant. We Sailed with the After­ noon flowing Tide and got as far as opposite Middle Island, where we Anchored. In the Evening we had some very vivid Lightning, attended with loud Thunder, and the Wind blowing fresh from the East, accompanied with heavy Showers of Rain, which continued at Intervals during the Night.

* Note 298. 614 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. 29th.—The Wind Still East, blowing hard; we could not move 27 Pec- the Vessell. Went to the Southern Shore to examine the Journal of Country; found excellent Grass for Pasture, but little Water; Port Dalrymple the whole Shore here is in general composed of a rich Iron ore. by w. Paterson. gaw several Kangaroo, Swans, and Wild Duck, and several other Birds, but no recent Marks of the Natives. This day, cloudy Weather; the Ther'r from 50° to 56°. At 2 P.M. returned to the Vessell; at 5 o'clock got under Weigh; the Wind still to the Eastward, blowing Fresh; the Tide flowing, but had little Prospect of being able to proceed much further. The Weather Still Cloudy; Ther'r 46° to 70°. 30th.—Wind Easterly; weighed with the Flowing Tide, and about noon, when the Tide failed us, came-to close to the small Island described in the Chart*; went on Shore on the Southern Side; Ground good for Pasture and the Soil Excellent—a Black Vegetable Mould; Trees lofty, but a little Water. The'r in the morn'g 50°, at noon 80°; Clear Weather. At 3 o'clock P.M. The Wind came from the West; Weighed. This day saw Several Trees, very different from those in the Vicinity of Port Jackson; Some I think of a very beautiful Wood, but not more than from 1$ to 2 feet in Circumference. Came to an Anchor in the Evening, as Marked in the Chart. 1st December.—Got under Weigh and passed upper Island; landed on it but Saw nothing New; the Banks very low and Muddy; a little above Upper Island the Vessell got aground; went in the Boat as far as the Cataract, which appears to be a considerable Run confined between two high Hills of almost per­ pendicular Pillars, of a close blueish Granite (which has been called Basaltis), of a very close Texture of very irregular Forms; they continue one over the other to upwards of 500 feet; the Water falls with great force, here as well as in most parts of the River; from where we left the Lady Nelson we Saw Numbers of Swans and Wild Duck; there are few Places you can land on, on account of the very deep Mud and Reeds with -which the Banks are completely covered for some distance in Land; a little before 3 returned to the Vessell, found her afloat, and at half-past 4 got under Weigh and proceeded up the River, expecting her getting up near the Cataract. The Country is in general hilly, with large Fragments of the Granite described; the Grass every­ where excelle'nt Pasture Ground, of a Superior Quality to that of Seven Hills, near Paramatta. The Wood is in general very Lofty, but the Trees thinly dispersed, which gives a beautiful Appearance to the Eye. 2nd.—As we could not take the Lady Nelson higher up, we proceeded with the Vessell's Boat and my own Wherry, accom-

* Note 297. PATERSON TO KING. 615 panied by Lieut't Symons and Mr. Mountgarrett, with the usual iso4. Guard of Soldiers. I began my observations at One-Tree Reach, 2' Dec- which is the extent of Mr. Collins's Survey.* ' Journal of • ii-i-ni IIO-T exploration of The Banks here are Muddy, with high Reeds on both aides, Port Dalrymple about twenty Yards from the Banks; the Land is low for about hy W' Paters0n- a Quarter of Mile, and rises generally towards the Hills; The Soil everywhere is good; in the low Ground there are a few Swamps, but does not appear to be much (if ever) flooded. There is good Timber on the Sides of the Hills, of the different kinds of Gum-Trees and a Species of Mimosa, which grow to a con­ siderable Size; the Wood is of a brown Colour, and very hard and ponderous, but Tough. At low Water the Depth of the River 10 feet in general, but in some Places better than 2 lath's; the Breadth from 20 to 30 yards; from One-Tree Reach the different Windings and Bear­ ings are numbered, and their Distances, as far as we could judge by the Eye. When an Accurate Survey is made there may be some Mistake in the Distance, but I think it will be found to be much more than what we calculated. The 8th Reach, deep Water, a Sandy Point. 11th reach, Breadth of the River 20 yards, depth 10 feet. The Tide rises here about 6 feet; much Drift-Wood, which begins to make it difficult to pass with the Boats; very lofty Trees close to the Banks, which are chiefly Mud, overgrown with Reeds. 16th Beach, much Wood, a Rocky bottom; a Creek on the left; here commences thefirst Fall . 18th Reach, rocky on the banks; width of the River 15 yards. 26th Reach, hilly on the right, with large fragments of Rocks, which have been termed Basaltis. The Typhalata folia grows in plenty on the Rocks. 29th Reach, the Biver 10 yards Wide; a large Tree nearly across the River, with barely room to pass the Boats under it. 31st Reach, a Rapid Stream. 35th Reach, a Rocky Point; large Trees fallen quite across the River, which obstructed the boats passing, until we cut our way thro'; on the left of this is an extensive plain after you get on the Bank, which is about 20 feet in height; there are Some Small Swamps in this Plain, but I rather think it is seldom flooded; the Grass is very rich and very luxuriant; at a little distance some beautiful rising Ground, which terminates in hills covered with Verdure near to their Summits, which are covered with Trees; on the Right is a Point of Land thickly Wooded with very lofty Trees of the Gum Kind; here I found the Mimosa, before mentioned, from 3 to 4 feet in Circumference, very Straight, from 60 to 80 feet high. The Winter Bark grows to a small Tree, which I found in great abundance; this Point is certainly overflowed; under the Lofty Timber the different Vines

'Note 299. 616 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. and Nittles make it almost impenetrable. The Nittles are the 27Dec same Specie which we found at Kent's Group; the Sting is so journal of Violent that several of our Dogs were killed by them when at Port°Dairympie Anchor at these Islands, and some of the People thrown into by w. Paterson. Fevers, which continued for three or four days. The width of the River about 8 yards, Depth of Water 10 feet, hard Mud, Land rocky; on the left appearances of the Flood about 10 feet above high Water-Mark. 43rd Reach, the River widens to about 20 yards; Depth of Water 10 feet; no Trees on either side; flat Land, covered with very rich Pasture; apparently overflowed at times, but perhaps not once in two or three years; here is the 4th Rapid, which ran so strong we found it necessary to haul the Boats over, and, as we got higher up, we found the rapidity to increase so much that at the 48th Reach we found it impossible to proceed further with the Boats. We landed at 2 o'clock P.M. on the Right, and pitched our Tent on a rising Ground, with a beautiful Plain on our Front between us and the River, about a Quarter of a Mile in breadth; from our little Encampment we had an extensive View of the Surrounding hills—in general, good Soil; in a very few places rocky, but excellent Pasture every­ where. The extensive Plains, or rather Meadows, may at times (and a few places only) beflooded, but the Pasture at present is very luxuriant, the which I am certain is never overflowed. It composes more than two-thirds of the whole, is of a rich Mould for about 2 feet, when you come to a MeHow Clay (or rather a Strong Mould), when.there are thousands of Acres without a Tree or Shrub of any Size; in places there are small Lagoons. which are more convenient for Cattle to Water than going to the River, where the Banks are in general rather Steep, but not more than 10 feet in height, and in many places not so high; besides the excellent Grass, there are Varieties of Rich Herbs, such as Lotus ranemculus or Butter Cup, Plantago (two kinds), a Species of Burnet Grass, and many others, which I am sure will be excellent food for Cattle of all Descriptions, Swine excepted. Altho' some parts of the Meadows may occasionally be flooded, the Ground has much the Advantage for- the Safety of the Settlers, as well as their Stock, of any Situation I ever Saw near Rivers; the Sides of the hills are good for Cultivation, and there is a Safe and convenient Retreat for their Cattle, in case of inundations in the lower Grounds, which is seldom to be appre­ hended, and the Agricultural Labor may be performed by the Plough, without any interception by either Trees or Rocks. From my Tent there is an Extent, which is seen in one View, of nearly three Miles in length, and, at places, one in Breadth, along the Banks of the River, where Thousands of Acres may be ploughed PATERSON TO KING. 617 without falling a Tree. These Plains extend upwards of ten iso4. Miles along the Winding Banks, and- everywhere equally fertile. 2T Dec- From what I could judge by the Strata of Earth, by digging Journal of down about three feet, good Clay may be had for Bricks; how far Port°Dairyinpie the Wood isfit for Shingles must hereafter be discovered, as I b-r w- Paterson. had neither time nor the means of making a trial, but Reeds and Grass are in great Abundance for the Purposes of Thatching, and when Bricks are to be had Tiles may be produced also, which would certainly be preferable to thatch. Since I left Outer Cove I have not seen any Thing like Lime Stone,. and the common Stone in this part of the Country is so hard that it is notfit for the Purpose of Building. The Timber for erecting the Buildings must be brought from the Hills; but the Distance is not great, and the Descent is such that it may be brought down with very little Labor. It is my Opinion-, when the Rainy Seasons are ascertained, the Country will turn out to be Superior to any yet discovered, but in the event of it becoming a considerable Settle­ ment it will be requisite to haveflat-Bottomed Craf t to have any communication with the River below—at least as far as the Cata­ ract—until the Country is better known. ,3rd.—Examined the Country along the River Side, and the adjacent hills; the falls continue to be more Rapid, running over small Pebbles with great force; the breadth about ten Yards, the Land much the Same. Passed two very small Gullies, but not of that Size to indicate any Quantity of Water ever emptying itself in the River, which convinces me the more that no large Quantity of Water overflows the Banks. Wind S.E., clear. Weather, Ther'r from 60° to 85°, 75° to 64°; heavy dew in the early Part of the Morning. 4th.—We formed into two Parties for the Purpose of exploring the Country along the Banks of the River to the Southwards. Ensign Hugh Piper, with Mr. Mountgarrett and two Soldiers, and Lieut't Symons, with two Soldiers and myself, after a very fatiguing March, from 7 o'clock in the Morn'g until 3 in the afternoon, when we returned and compared Notes; our account of the Excellency of the Soil and the general appearance of the country coincided. The former Party had been several Miles higher up, where they discovered an Island, as described in the Chart. On our Excursion, about three Miles from the Tent, we observed the River divide into two Branches, but found they only formed an Island of about 30 Acres of veryfine Grass , without a Tree. From the general Appearance of the Country it has not rained much for a length of time; the few Gullies which com­ municate with the River, and take off the Water from the Meadows and what falls from the hills, were quite Dry, and but 618 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. little Water remain'g in the Lagoons. On the Declivity of the 2! lc' hills the Moisture was Six Inches deep, owing to the heavy Dews, Journal of which the Thickness of the Verdure retains. Ther'r from 60° to Port Dalrymple 90° at noon, and 70° at 8 o'clock P.M.; Clear Weather; Wind by w. Paterson. from the Eastward; Light Breezes. From the report of the Gentlemen, who had been further up the River, agreeing so well with my own Observations, I con­ ceived it unnecessary to persevere in attempting to discover the Source of the River, having already ascertained to a Certainty that the Country in general, in this Quarter, can hardly be equalled either for Agriculture or Pasture Land. Having effected my Object so far, in obtaining the general Information required of me, I determined on returning, and to make further Remarks as we proceeded down towards the Camp at Outer Cove. 5th.—We took our Departure at 9 o'clock in the Morn'g, and proceeded down the River, which we found much more difficult than getting up; the falls were so rapid as to make our Boats unmanageable, that several times we were in Danger of being upset and the Boats dashed to pieces by the Torrent. My Wherry, which is very strong, had her Iron Keel-band completely torn off Striking across the Stream, the bottom of the River being nothing but Stones of very irregular Figures. At 3 o'clock in the Afternoon we arrived at the Cataract, and found the Lady Nelson where we left her at Anchor. This day we observed some Fires in the Woods upon the Rising Ground, but have not as yet seen any of the Natives since ourfirst Intervie w with them at Outer Cove. Ther'r from 65° to 85°; light Breezes from E. to S.E.; clear. 6th.—In the forenoon examined the Country about two Miles up the River, where the Cataracts are. At the joining of the two runs, where they empty themselves into the Main River (which I have named the Tamar*), extending from this to Outer Cove, is a small Valley of good Soil and excellent Verdure, but the hills on the right hand are high and rocky, and between them tolerable Soil, and everywhere, even amongst the Rocks, good Grass. From what I have seen of this River, which I have named the Southesk,* there appears to be a greater Body of Water in it than in what was considered to he the main branch; but the Country round is so mountainous, and the Banks so very Rocky and Steep, that there are but few.Places where there are any access to it, and the freshes rise at least 50 feet; in the other, on the right, we never discovered any recent Marks of its rising about 12 feet at most. The Entrance into the first fall is picturesque beyond descrip­ tion; the Stupendous Columns of Basaltes on both Sides, together

* Note 300. PATERSON TO KING. 619 ,vith the narrow entrance up to the Cataract, has a very grand iso4. appearance, and what made it more so was a number of Black 27 Peo- Swans, who could notfly, i n the Smooth Water close to the fall; Journal of had it not been for the Strength of the Stream we might have Port^&ympie caught every one of them, to the number of about Twenty; after h? vr- Paterson. being much fatigued with Scrambling over the Rocks to get above the Cataract, we returned to the Vessell at 3 o'clock P.M. The Flax Plant is found everywhere in the same luxuriant State as that on the Banks of the Hawkesbury. Thunder at a distance in the E.S.E. Quarter, and very dark Clouds; Wind from the same Quarter, blowing fresh. . In the Afternoon we weighed and towed down about three Miles; got on the Shoal marked in the Chart, where we lay until next Morning, the 6th Dec'r, when we made an attempt to get further down, but the Channell is so very narrow that we had proceeded only a few hundred Yards before the Vessell Stuck in the Mud, where We remained waiting the return of the Tide. Messrs. Piper and Mountgarrett went on Shore upon the right of the river, going down on the return; they reported that the Ground was good in general, and plenty of excellent Water and Timber. 7th Dec'r.—Came to Anchor, as per Chart, and landed on the S.W. Side of the River. Lieut. Simonds accompanied me; we walked about eight Miles; found no Water and the Soil very bad on the hills, but the Trees very lofty, chiefly the Species of Gum peculiar to this Country. On the banks of the River is an exten­ sive plain, which appears to beflooded a t times, but the Vallies towards the Hills is good Soil, with fine Grass, and there is no doubt, by Sinking, Water may be had in most Places. The other Party (Piper and Mountgarat) landed on the other Side, found the Soil good and plenty of Water, particularly afine run which they discovered running thro' an extensive Marsh, and emptying itself into the Main River. The Trees on the Tops of the hills are very lofty, but the Soil notfit fo r Cultivation; on the bank of the River quite the'reverse. In the Afternoon I visited the same Ground, and found their report perfectly correct. In the Neighbourhood of the run (or rather a small River) is a veryfine Lagoo n with plenty of good Water. The Party having made this discovery, I named the former Piper's River* and the latter Mountgarrat's Lagoon; here we Shot Some Wild Duck. Ther'r, 60° to 80°; Clear Weather; Wind S.W.; Light Breezes. 8th Dec'r.—In the Morn'g Cloudy, with some Rain; Wind from E. to S.E.; Ther'r at 8 o'clock A.M., 50°; at noon, 75° to 65°; in the Evening examined a Creek on the left coming down, about

* Note 300. 620 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. two Miles below Swan Point, where is a small River of excel- 27Dec jent -^a^er wnich falls very rapid over some high Rocks (the Journal of Same Kind as those described in the Cataract), and communi- Port°Daii°mpie cates with the Creek. The Ground is very high, Steep on both by w. Paterson. g^gg an(j Rocky, but plenty of good Grass in general about from 2 to 3 feet in height, and very thick where there are no Rocks. This Morn'g Mr. Symons discovered the Run marked in the Chart; the Land is good, neverflooded, fit for either Pasture or Cultivation, and the Timber very lofty; as Mr. S. made this Discovery, I named the River after him. 9th Dec'r.—The Vessell in working down got into a Bay, where the eddy Tide affected her Steering so much that we made several Attempts to get her out, and at last were obliged to carry a small Anchor out and warped her into the Stream; as we were in the same predicament at this place in our way up, I have named it the Devil's Corner. Vessells of any Size ought care­ fully to avoid it, not only on account of the eddy, but there are also some Sharp Rocks in it. Here the Pasture is good, but very little Water, in small holes only; proceeded down the river, and on the morning of the 10th got into the Western Arm, where I landed, and for the second time examined the Country about two Miles inland, between the two runs of Water which were dis­ covered by Capt'n Kent, commanding His Majesty's Ship Buf­ falo, and Mr. MeMillin, his Surgeon; the one on the right I have named Kent's Burn, and that on the left McMillin's Burn* The Ground between them is high enough to be out of the Reach of ever being overflowed; indeed, there are very few Places where the Water rises above the banks; altho' this appears to be the dry Season, there is plenty of Water for Water-Mills in either. Where the two Burnes empty themselves into the Western Arm the distance between them is not more than 300 yards, but inland they seperate to the distance of a Mile. On landing, the Soil is very forbidding, being a hard, whitish Clay mixed with Quartz; but towards the hills there are Patches of excellent ground, and thefinest Timber I ever saw of the different Species of Eucalyp­ tus (Gum-Trees) and a variety of other Timber; the Mimosa, before ment'd, grows here, in beauty and Appearance not unlike the Norfolk Pine in miniature. One I had cut down measured 80 feet. Free-Stone is convenient for erecting Buildings. Boats at high Water can come close up to either of the runs. After much Labour and attention I have paid in examining every part of the river, I have seen none so advantageously situated for a Permanent Settlement as this, where there is an easy and safe communication with Vessells arriving in this Port, as well as with

* Note 300. PATERSON TO KING. 621

Settlements which may hereafter be formed higher up the river. 1804. These favourable circumstances have induced me to determine 27 Dec- upon removing the principal part of my small Military Force, Journal of with most of the Prisoners, and to commence clearing Ground port°Dairympie and erecting the necessary Buildings before the Winter sets in. b^ w- Paterson. This day saw about forty Natives, including Men, Women, and Children; • they were very Shy atfirst; afte r endeavouring to con­ vince them that we were friendly, one of them threw some Stones at a Soldier who I sent with a Handkerchief; observing he would not allow the Soldier to approach, I desired him to leave the handkerchief and a Tomahawk, which they afterwards picked up, much pleased with the present; as we returning to where the Boat was, they followed us very close; being doubtful they might annoy us, in going off, with their Stones (which appear to be their principal Weapons), I ordered our Guard to remain on the bank until we got on board; after we put off the Soldiers found no difficulty in communicating with them; the Man who had the handkerchief gave the Soldier a Necklace of small Shells, which had a White Metal Button strung on it, and had the appearance of being worn for a length of time. Observing them so very friendly, I sent the Boat on Shore, with Messrs. Symons, Piper, and Mountgarrat, with some Fish, and also some Trinkets; but on their seeing the Boat they went into the Woods, which ended our Interview; but, from the Fires we have observed in that Neighborhood since, it is probable they live chiefly in this Quarter. 15th Dec'r.—Examined the Middle Arm where is a small Run of Fresh Water, which I have no doubt continues throughout the Year. Here is good Pasture from Middle Head to the fresh Water, and small Places may be cultivated to Advantage. The Timber is lofty andfit for any Purposes. The same day revisited the Western Arm, wishing to be Satisfied with respect to its Situation before I removed any Part of the Working hands for commencing our intended Town. After tracing the Ground over with the Surgeon, who I consulted as to its healthy Situation, his Opinion was so favorable that I had no hesitation in pro­ ceeding to forward the Necessary Buildings before Winter. 16th Dec'r.—Went to Lower Head; found the Soil in general good for about 1J Mile from the Flag Staff, where is a large Lagoon, which communicates with the Sea on the Northern Shore. The Water here is barely fit for Use, even when the Tide is out; but I am in hopes when it is traced to the Upper end it will be found to be better—at all events, by sinking I have no Doubt of Succeeding. This Situation I consider so Valuable, on account of its being so convenient for landing Cattle where 622 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1804. the Pasture is so excellent, that it will be. a further Inducement 27 Dec- for continuing Outer Cove as a Port, as the Communication by Journal of Land is easy and not more than 4 Miles distant, with tolerable Port°Daiiympie Pasture for near a quarter of a Mile in Land from the Beach for by w. Paterson.foe g reat part of the Way, as far as the Flag Staff. 17th Dec'r.—Examined the West Side of Western Arm, where the River discovered by Ensign Anderson* empties itself. I have given it the name of that Officer. Here the Soil is in gen­ eral Sterile; but the Trees very lofty. There appears to be more Water in this River than either of the other two At the head of the Arm (where I intended the Principal Settlement to be) but the Marks of frequent Floods makes me very doubtful whether it will become Worthy of Notice at present, until we discover Ground either fit for Pasture or Cultivation. The Distance, between this and McMilline's Run is little more than a Mile, and about half Way there is also fresh Water. On the East Side, about a Mile from Kent's Burne, there is good Pasture down to opposite Green Island, which has been as yet the extent of my Observations. This day I marked out the Ground for erecting Quarters, and had the Prisoners employed in embarking the two Wooden houses and other Stores on board the Lady Nelson and Frances. I landed near Red bill Point before I returned to the Cove, and discovered a very large Bank of Shells on the Beach, ex­ tending for near a quarter of a Mile, and from 3 to 4 feet deep; as the Limestone on burning has not turned out so good as was atfirst expected , and the Shells being much preferable in Quality and more convenient for our purpose, I have therefore given up the Idea of using any of the Stone while Shells are in such Abun­ dance; there is likewise plenty convenient for buildings which may be erected at Outer Cove. 23rd Dec'r.—Visited Middle Island. Messrs. Mountgarratt, Riley, and Symonds accompanied me. The soil is light; as there are few Trees and being so well Sheltered from the S.W. Winds, I have no doubt of about 15 Acres of it very well answering for Cultivation; at present I did not find any Water, but from the Moisture observed in the Low Ground by digging, it may in all Probability be procured. There is a Communication with the Western Shore which enables the Natives to have access to the Island on the Shoals, they being dry at low Water; and there is every Appearance of their frequenting this Place often, seemingly on account of Shell Fish of different kinds, particularly Oyster, which they find on the Shoals when the Tide retires; from not having seen any Canoes or their having any Method of Con­ veyance by Water, I am of opinion the latter is unknown to them.

* Note 300. PATERSON TO KING 623

From the Island I proceeded to the Western Shore about two 1804. Miles up, for the purpose of examining a Vein of Bitumenou^ 2l Dec Earth, which was discovered by Lieut't Symons; on the Western Journal of Shore, at low Water, after digging down about 4 feet, where I Port Dalrymple found the accompanying Specimen as numbered. The Tideflow- b y v\. Paterson. ing prevented going any Deeper; a farther Investigation into this discovery I must give up until other necessary Works are in greater forwardness than what they are at present. This Journal will be completed up to the last Moment by the Lady Nelson. W. PATERSON. [Sub-enclosure.] Mr. Mountgarrett's Account alluded to. 4th Deer., 1804. Accompanied by Mr. Piper, attended by Two of the New South Report by J. Wales Corps, I proceeded up the river from where the Tent was " oun sarl Pitched; about Six Miles above the Tent discovered a very- beautiful Island about half a Mile long and a quarter broad, covered with the richest Pasturage, situated at the bottom of a most beautiful Valley, extending 5 or 6 Miles in length and about a Mile and a half in-breadth, the hills on each Side of this extensive Valley or Plain are adapted either for Pasturage or Cultivation, being covered with a rich Vegetable Mould about a foot and a half deep. The Lotus is here in great abundance and as it was in blossom gave the Hills a very beautiful and rich appearance. I took the Liberty of naming them on the Spot, Paterson's Island and Vale, which I hope will meet Colonel Paterson's Approbation; I proceeded up the River about 3 Miles further where the Banks were very high which occasioned a very great difficulty to approach the-River, The Interior Still covered with excellent Pasturage; on descending those Hills, I was sur­ prized'tofind the River almost trace back the same Course, we had come for about 2 Miles, the Banks low and excellent Land; This Reach is about 2 Miles long and apparently a greater body of Water than where we had left the boat; the Banks of the Biver at the end of this Reach again became high and inaccess­ ible, the interior hilly but covered with rich Pasturage. After having continued our Walk for 6 hours up the Banks of the River at the rate of 4 Miles per hour, we thought it adviseable to return to the Tent, which owing to the Wanton Windings of the River we were able to perform in 2 hours, by Steering a Strait Course for the Tent. In fact there is nothing can exceed the meandring of this River, from the mouth of it up as far as it has been traced. 624 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 6 Jan. (Despatch per sloop Nancy; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Paterson, 28th January, 1805.) Sir, Sydney, New South Wales, 6th January, 1805. Despatches By the return of His Majesty's Ship Buffalo and Francis acknowledged. Schooner, I have great pleasure and Satisfaction in receiving your Letters, dated as P'r Margin* with their respective En­ closures. You will easily conceive how much I was gratified at finding that the access to the Port was far from being attended with the difficulties that were apprehended, And still more so by the favourable hopes you gave of the capability of the Soil in yours of Novr. 26th, which I am happy to find is confirmed by your arduous exertions in exploring so much of the country as you have so judiciously done. Reports I enclose for your information Copies of the letters I have transmitted wrote the Minister on the Subject of the Settlement you have to England. made, hy which you will observe I have transmitted the Docu­ ments you have furnished me with. Provisions I very much approve of Captain Kent leaving all his overplus from H.M.S. provisions, etc., with you, which as near as I can calculate will Buffalo. last you at a full Ration till about June, long before that time I hope to compleat you to Twelve months. Your information of the alacrity and good Behaviour of those under your Command give me great pleasure, and is an earnest of the Exertions that will he made, under your experienced management for the advancement of which your General Orders are well calculated. As the Conveyance this goes by is circuitous and doubtful, exclusive of the Vessel being small, I cannot send any of those Articles you require, but I hope very soon to give you a full proportion of what our Stores possess, which are now much drained. Shipments You will observe the application, I have made for people, pro­ proposed from visions and Stores being sent to Port Dalrymple without coming England. here; until that takes place you must be Supplied from hence as far as our Stores will admit. Mr. Rushworth's demand for his Seed potatoes shall be settled when the Integrity arrives. I have directed a parcel of this year's Garden Seeds to be sent to you. Compensation "When I have an opportunity, I shall not be unmindful of for losses on Lieut. Piper's loss and that of the Soldiers; respecting the former, voyage. I believe some Documents will be required from him before the allowance can be made of Baggage lost; the Adjutant will explain this.

* The margin is blank in copy available. PATERSON TO KING. 625

As I have sent directions to King's Island for Mr. Campbell's isos. Ship* with the Cattle to go to Port Dalrymple, you may expect 6 Ja"' her in February or March. No Cows are to be taken that run a Shipment of risk of dying from hurts or the effects of the Voyage. By the first Ship going to you from hence, some Ewes and a few oxen shall be sent. From the favourable opinion you have given of the General Selection of site appearance of the Country, and Your Experience, you must be or settIement- the best judge of the most eligible place for the principal Settle­ ment as well as every other appropriation, which, as well as the Situation for Settlers, I am sure will be so judiciously selected as not to require my previous concurrence. The advantages you state respecting Western Arm certainly points that out as the most eligible place for your head quarters, nor can I but approve of the Names you have given the intended Town as well as the Districts. The Investigator is now only waiting a fair wind to proceed Removals from to Norfolk, from whence she will bring here Two Subalterns, NorfoIk isIancL Fifty non commissioned Officers and Privates, and Fifty Con­ victs with such Settlers as chose to avail themselves of the Offer of settling with you, agreeable to my Lord Hobart's directions on that Head. As soon as possible after her return here, I intend sending her with the Buffalo to carry Stock, Provisions, Stores, shipments for some prisoners and Settlers to Port Dalrymple, which I hope Port Dalrymt>ie. will be effected in February and March. By this Conveyance, I shall also think of increasing your Detachment by 15 more Privates, and would recommend your fixing the Settlers as near the principal Settlement as the Land will admit of, and near each other as possible for their mutual protection. As the Lady Bar­ low will not sail until the 13th, I hope to receive your Letters by the Lady Nelson, copies of which, as well as your former com­ munication and plans, shall be sent to the Minister. I have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING. [Enclosures.] [These despatches were dated 20th December, 180k; see pages •212 and 233, volume V, series I.] LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KiNG.f (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson.) Sir, Port Dalrymple, 8th January, 1805. 8 Jan. * * * * * ##.# * On the 28th [December], early in the morning, I crossed the Explorations. harbour with the gentlemen named in the margin,:}: to expedite the service we were engaged on. I formed two parties, one to SER. Ill, VOL. 1—2 R * Note 301. t Note 294. % The margin is blank. 626 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALLA.

1805. attempt the exploring of the Rothsay Mountains,* and to ascer- 8 Jan- tain, if possible, what the country was to the westward of them. Explorations. As Messrs. Piper and Mountgarratt had generally been upon the most fatiguing duty on these occasions, I appointed them for this discovery, and Messrs. Riley and Symons, with myself, to ex­ amine the low land between thefirst hills and the shore, as far as is laid down in Mr. Collins's surveyf of the enterance into this port; which was accomplished this day and the following (the 29th), as stated in my journal.:}: Discoveries by Conceiving the discovery which Messrs. Piper and Mount- MountmrrettJ' Sarratt na(i made on the 28th may thereafter become of material consequence to Government, I proposed that these gentlemen, with Mr. Symons, should undertake a journey to the banks of the river,§ and to ascertain (if possible), for your Excellency's information, whether it might be a safe entrance as far as they could judge by the eye. On the 30th they werefitted ou t for the expedition, with a guard of three soldiers, provided with four days' provision, and left this cove early in the morning of the next day. On the 2nd Jan'y, 1805, they returned, after having accom­ plished their intention and gained every information which could be expected of them without the assistance of a boat. Mr. Symons's eye sketch of the river, together with their remarks. I have annexed to my journal,:}: and my good intentions, with their exertions, wiU, I hope, be interesting to your Excellency, so as to merit your approbation. Was I not sensible you will be anxious for the Lady Nelson's return, this favourable season of the year would have induced me to have detained her some time longer, for the purpose of surveying the. mouth of the river, and to have carried a boat round for myself, which would have enabled me to give you my opinion fully of the country farther up than where she probably could go. Land available From the short time I have been here I am unable, without the for agriculture assistance of a land surveyor, to positively ascertain what quan­ tity of land isfit for cultivation from the entrance of the port as far as the joining of the two fresh-water rivers||; but above them I am confident that any number of settlers may be provided with lots with from one tofive hundred acres of ground,fit for culti­ vation as -well as pasture; and if your Excellency should judge it necessary to occupy any of that part of the country for Govern­ ment purposes, in cultivation or otherwise, the number of con­ victs will be required for labour in proportion to the extent or quantity of ground intended for that purpose.

* Note 176. t Note 299. t Note 302. § Note 303. ]| Note 304. PATERSON TO KING. 627

If it is employed only as pasture land, few people will be iso5. requisite, from the ground being so very clear of wood; but a 8 Jan. small guard for their protection will absolutely be necessary, until we are better acquainted with the natives. From the Cataract down to Outer Cove, the ground is in general fa™3 available good for grazing, and there are some advantageous situations for Dalrymple. cultivation, which I have noticed in my journal for your Excel­ lency's consideration; but the disadvantages of settlers being so dispersed is much against their safety. On the contrary, they may be formed into small townships* from the commencement of the two fresh-water rivers to the extent of where I have already been. The different kinds of timber I have previously described as Timber. beingfit for any purposes, and from Upper Island down to Outer Cove it may be rafted down by flat-bottomed boats to Green Island, when it can be put on board vessels without any other assistance than that of a common crane. .... I have employed three soldiers (carpenters) to assist Preparations in getting up temporary quarters for all descriptions of people, Yoriftown. ° before I move the military from this cove,f and hope in about a month they will be in great forwardness, if they are not obliged to stand still for want of materials, which I fear will be the case should we not receive supplies soon. There is now cut down between the two runs at Western Arm better than forty acres, which will soon be burned off to prevent any accidents by fire happening to the huts, which must necesserly be thatched for the present. As soon as this work is done I intend employing all Bands to put up a strong log house for the stores. This done, I mean to remove most of the detachment, to prevent any depre­ dation taking place. I must beg leave to mention to your Excellency that in hiring Payment for soldiers for Government I have allowed them one shilling p'r soldiers0 day, and to be paid in articles out of the store. Sugar and grain are what they want most, and I have promised the soldiers now employed to let them have the value of £3 10s. in wheat as part payment (when it arrives) for their labour. The method I have taken in forwarding every necessary work I hope will meet your approbation. I have, &c, W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING4 (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson.) Dear Governor, Port Dalrymple, 8th January, 1805. I fear you will not be pleased at my detaining the Lady Nelson so long, but Mr. Symons has been of such use to me, that

* Note 289. t Note 291. % Note 294. 628 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. I am sure you will conceive my motives in the true light—that of 8 Jan. his being furnished -tfith every information respecting our pro­ Detention of ceedings hitherto; and it is not without regret that I part with brig Lady Nelson. him or the Lady Nelson before our new-discovered river was sur­ veyed, but I hope before the summer is over that you will be able to let me have his or any other of the small Colonial vessels, which would enable me to ascertain the entrance and extent of the river; and Symons—from what he has already seen of it- would be a very proper person to be employed on that service.

Boats built .As Mr. Mountgarrat is of great assistance to me in superin­ bj' officers. tending the work, and having frequent occasions for his services at Western Arm, I have allowed him to build a smaU boat, which he manages with his own men. I have also given Captain Kemp and Ensign Anderson leave to build one between them. These indulgences will save the Government boats when water carriage is required, and I have positively forbid anything else in the shape of a boat to be built, nor shall there be until I receive your Excellency's instructions on that head. It was with some reluc­ tance before I consented to the two being built, doubting whether it might meet with your approbation.

Services of You will perceive throughout the whole of my journal* that H. Piper. Ensign Piper has been always ready and wiUing on every occa­ sion when I wanted his services, and should you notfind it convenient to augment the present detachment, if another sub­ altern could be spared from head-quarters, I should wish to appoint him as acting adjutant, and to accompany me on my excursions into the country, in which I am sure His Majesty's service would be benefited.

Gardens for I have allowed each of the officers a piece of ground to cultivate officers. as gardens, without any promise of making application at present to your Excellency for leases, but merely to occupy it until fur­ ther orders. They have all requested of me to make application for grants of land, which I told them I should mention and leave it to your consideration.

Journal sent I have sent a copy of my journal to the Duke of York, and also to England. to Sir Joseph Banks, and have mentioned I should request you to send a copy of the chartf to each of them, that for His Royal Highness addressed to Colonel Clinton. As my remarks refer to the chart, I shall consider it a favour in granting this request. I should have performed my promise respecting Kent's Group, but unfortunately I have mislaid my memorandums, and must,

Note 302. Note 297. PATERSON TO KING. 629 therefore, refer you to Captain Kent, who has seen more of these isos. islands than myself. 8 Jan' ********* I hope ere this you have had arrivals from England with the War with pleasant news of a termination of hostilities. I am daily looking out for vessels from Port Jackson, and I hope it will not be long before I have your determination respecting this settlement. ********* Soon after the Lady Nelson sails, and I find the public works Further will be attended to in my absence, it is my intention to examine explorations. the river as far as the cataract more minutely, as it is probable I may have overlooked some places which may hereafter befit foT settlers or the purposes of Government, and might prove more convenient atfirst than going higher up the river; and as we have had no rain to signify for the two last months, where fresh water is found now there can be no doubt of its being permanent. The natives are still shy, but are constantly in the neighbour- Aborigines. hood both of this place and Western Arm. One man fell in with about sixteen of them yesterday. He had a kangaroo on his back which they wanted, but did not persist in taking it from him, nor were they hostile in any respect. Altho' the kangaroos are here in numbers, there has not been Kangaroos. more than four large ones killed, and the smaller sort is hardly worth the expense of keeping a dog; and without Government was to have proper people who could be trusted constantly out for. no other purpose, it will never answer for serving as a ration. As soon as we are a little settled at Western Arm I shall give the salting offish a fair trial, provided there is salt enough for the purpose. There is nothing more that I can recollect at present worth communicating. Wishing yourself, Mrs. King, and Elizabeth* many happy returns of the season, I remain, &c, W. PATERSON. P.S.—In all my bustle of business I have found my friend Services of Rileyf of infinite use to me, and I hope when the distribution ofA ' Rlley' farms takes place, I intend marking his out in the most advan­ tageous spot. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING4 (Despatch per cutter Integrity.) Outer Cove, Port Dalrymple, Dear Governor, 28th January, 1805. 28 Jan. The arrival of the Nancy yesterday morning gave me Arrival of much pleasure, and as there is a probability of her falling in with 6loop Ivan°5'- * Note 295. , t Note 282. % Note 294. 630 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. some of the small craft bound for Sydney, I write this merely to 28 Jan. acknowledge the receipt of your despatch, and to say everything goes on very well, and by the arrival of the Buffalo or Investi­ gator I shall be ready for the reception of settlers, and I hope, between Supply River and Western Arm, that there will be situa­ tions well calculated for thefirst cargo , and every attention shall be paid to the young stranger* at Point Rapid, who I hope ere this is making a noise in the world, and that my friend Mrs. King is perfectly recovered. Excursion When the Nancy made her appearance I was preparing for an proposed. excursion along the banks of the Ternarf (the mistake is just as you conjecture) as far as Supply River; and should CollinsJcome off the Lower Head about the time you mention, I hope to be able to give you my further ideas respecting situations for settlers in that neighbourhood. Settlement at I am much gratified in meeting your approbation in what I Port Dalrymple. nave

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. ISOS. (Despatch per cutter Integrity.) ' 20 Feb- 20th February, 1805. [A copy of this despatch and its enclosure will be found on Misconduct of page 185, volume V, series I.] R- And^son.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING* (Despatch per cutter Integrity.) Dear Governor, ' Port Dalrymple, 21st February, 1805. 21 Feb. On the 6th inst. (Feby.) the signal was made for a vessel, Return of which gave me hopes that it might be the Sophia; but when the sloop Nane>r- accounts came from Lower Head, the description of her, and having a boat astern, we had every reason to believe it was the Nancy, which arrived here on the 27th ulto. and sailed the next day. By her I wrote you a few lines acknowledging the receipt of your despatch, which gave me much pleasure, and I hope I shall ever merit your approbation. A party has been up to examine Middle Arm for the purpose of ascertaining how near fresh water is to the ground between it and Point Rapid, but I am sorry to say that the distance is too great for settlers to Examination of benefit by it, and I am sorry to inform you that the lagoons are middle arm. at present all dry, but the grass does not seem to suffer. I there­ for suppose the dryness is of short duration, and by digging, that objection, I am in hopes, may be removed: I don't know what kind of weather you have had at Port Jack- weather report. son; but from my observations,-)- which I enclose, you will perceive we have had very little rain ever since the departure of the Buffalo. I therefor conclude that this is our dry season. Another fresh-water river:]: is discovered near the head of Middle Discovery Arm, nearly as large as Supply River, where boats can go up into of rlver- fresh water. It is on the same side that Inspection Head is on. With respect to the soil, I shall not venture an opinion until I have seen it myself, but from their report little can be expected of it except the timber, which they describe to be very lofty. On a short excursion from the settlement at Western Arm on the 9th inst. (Feb'y), I discovered the sassafras (as it is called) Timber. growing in considerable quantities andfit for many purposes. Indeed, should Ifind in abundance it will be [the best] for house­ building and boats of any yet found here; and as some here suppose that everything they see or can find is their own, to pre­ vent any mistakes I have issued an Order, which I enclose in my public letter§ with others which I found necessary to publish, and hope they will coincide with your ideas. The two species of mimosa (black-wood and wattle) will both prove very useful. The latter is the only wood we have as yet foundfit fo r shingles. . * Note 294. f Note 286. t Note 308. § Note 309. 632 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. On a small island at the entrance of Whirlpool Reach are small 21 Feb. trees of a wood which I have nowhere else [seen]. Should I dis­ cover [it] in any other situation growing larger they may become a valuable acquisition as timber fit for furniture.

Offer of I return you many thanks of offering a grant of a hundred acres land grant. of land for young Dalrymple.* It will be very acceptable; and if it is necessary I should make the request officially, I shall in my next public letter. Destructive Among my few daily observations which I note down, I am insects. sorry to inform you of having discovered a small insect, the most destructive in the world of its size. I have sent you a specimen of it, which may be acceptable to some of your naturalists. As far as I can judge it is perfectly new. Ifirst perceived these little animals in numbers lodging on my coat, but at the time took no farther notice of them. It being before sunset, and rather warm, there were many other insects flying about. Next morning my servant informed [me] that my coat was perforated in such a manner that it was notfit t o wear, which led me to Clothes inquire the cause, suspecting it to be a moth. However, I soon destroyed found out that my coat was not the only one, for many others by insects. had shared the same fate. Even hatts were not excluded from its pray. Ifirst supposed it might be partial to red cloth, but that was not the case. All colours were alike to them, and the short time they were in performing their depredations were aston­ ishing. Wherever they lodged, in a few minutes they left their marks visable enough to see through the cloth. You will observe they are of the beetle, but not aUied to the weevil. Should they prove to be as destructive to grain as they are to woolen they will be a great evil to our cultivators. In giving you a short account of this insect, it leads me to others destructive to young plants Insect pests. almost of every description. I observed a few grains of wheat and oats which I had sowed in my garden that when about a fort­ night old had most of them their leaves nipped off close to the ground, which I atfirst suspecte d to be a grub, but soon dis­ covered it to be a species of ant. All the plants of every kind suffered the same as the wheat; but the oats were not touched, and are now in full ear. They committed their depredations late in the afternoon and early in the morning. I ordered the gardner to collect all the soapsuds he could get in camp and put some round every plant, which had the desired effect, and pre­ vented their doing much more mischief. At Western Arm I do not find they touch the vegetables there; nor has the grub made its appearance, or any other destructive insect; but there are Wild animals. two small quadrupeds—one something like a rat, and another nearly the same size—both new to me. There are numbers of

* Note 810. PATERSON TO KING. 633

them between the two burns. They seem to live chiefly on what 1805. they canfind under the surface of the ground, and unfortunately, 21 Feb having discovered that potatoes is a root which agrees with them, and also French beans and other large seeds, they begin to be very troublesome. The fire-makers report them to be very numerous. Two kinds of wild cats are also a great annoyance to our Poultry poultry at Outer Cove. I have already had seventy-six young ^dcats!b y ducks and chickens slaughtered by them, but lately have found the means of catching them, and am now in possession of one doz. of their skins. They are much the same as those in the neigh­ bourhood of Port Jackson, but rather larger and their tails more bushy; the one is black with white spots, and the other fawn- coloured with white spots. Some say they have seen the Devil* but none as yet have been caught. The black snake, with yellow sides, are here in plenty, and Reptiles. some of them large. No accident has as yet happened from them, but their bite is much to be dreaded. I made an experiment on a Experiment l e large seagull which had one of its wings wounded by small shot, ye nom"on The snake was not in the least hurt. They were both put into a sea-gull. cask. The snake at first attempted to choke the gull by twisting his body round the neck of the bird, but by the assistance of a stick he was soon extricated, when the gull gave battle, which enraged the venomous reptil so much that he bit him in two places (in the foot and under the eye). In about two minutes the poison began visibly to operate, when I took the bird away, and in one minute more he had two or three spasms and died. I have much to regret that many of my observations here will Scientific be very imperfect from the want of useful books, and a person observations. capable of giving me some assistance in making drawings of the many subjects of natural history which cannot be preserved otherwise. Having said so much on the animal creation in this part of the Cultivation world, I return to the vegetable, and I am sure it will give you of ves'etabies. pleasure that my garden, as to necessaries, is nearly equal to what I left at Sydney, with a few exceptions. On the 18th Jan'y I had peas, French beans, potatoes, turnops, greens, and all sorts of small salad. Since that period I have had vegetables in abun­ dance. On the 18th inst. I had the two married gentlemen and their ladies to partake of some of the excellent corn'd beef which Mrs. King was so good as to send me by the Nancy. That day I cut two fullgrown cucumbers, the seed of which was sown just ten weeks and five days. I had eight different kinds of vege­ tables besides, without including the salad, but all except the

•Note 237. 634 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. former were no rarity, having been so often produced before. I 21 Feb. have also gathered a few mulberies, tho' they are not yet removed out of the box they were landed in. I expect much from Sydney in the boxes, and shall not fail sending them back full with the rarest plants of this country. Arrival of The Integrity arrived here on the morning of the 18th at 3 cutter Integrity. 0>ciock- a m Everything she has brought us proves very accept­ able.

Store to be I hope now to be instantly able to set about a store at Western erected at Arm, which I propose to be logged and shingled and of sufficient York town. dimensions. From Mr. Riley's attention there will, I am happy to say, be little or no cause for any condemnation of flour. I think Palmer's mill may prove a great acquisition to us. The wheat appears very fine, and, without absolute necessity to the contrary, I shall endeavour to use it for seed.

Necessity for I am sorry to have been under the necessity of sending Ensign sending R. Anderson Anderson to head-quarters. Had I not noticed it in the manner to Sydney. I have done, my command here would have soon fallen into general contempt, and I have no doubt but that you will aprove of the mesure which I have adopted, being my only resource without injuring the service. I hope you will be able to replace him by one who is a little better acquainted with that respect which is due to his superiors. The lady who abused the soldier accompanies him.

Health of Altho' I do not like to complain without cause, I am sorry to W. Paterson. say that my present state of health is but indifferent. However, I hope it will enable me to make an excursion which I purpose as far as the cataract before any other arrival. I have only to beg you will accept of my sincere gratitude for the very great atten­ tion you have paid to Mrs. Paterson. In the expectation of hearing good tidings of Mrs. King's good health as well as your own, believe me, Yours, &c, W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per H.M.S. Buffalo; acknowledged by Governor King, 18th August, 1805.) 5 April. Sir, Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, 5th April, 1805. Arrival of ship Sydney. I have the honor of informing your Excellency of the Safe arrival in this Port of the Ship, Sydney,* with the Cattle (mentioned in Marginf) expected from Calcutta, which -I have landed and Surveyed on the North Side of the Port, being the * Note 301. t The margin is blank. PATERSON TO KING. 635 only place at present convenient both for Grazing and Water, isos. until I. am enabled to make a further Arrangement, which cannot 5 April. take place until the arrival of some Small Craft to convey them Cattle landed to more advantageous Situations; at present I have divided and Lagoon'6 them into two Herds under the most proper Overseers I could beach. Select, and have Stationed Ensign Piper with a party at Outer Cove to remain until an opportunity offers to finally remove them. The Arrival of such a Number of Cattle, when the Colony is Advantages yet in so Infant a State, is perhaps the most fortunate Circum- °r cattle!6"* stance that ever happened to a new Settlement, particularly this, where there is such abundance of fine Pasture; and, if no un- forseen accident intervenes, with the' early addition of some of your best Cattle for the purpose of crossing and improving the Breed, I have no doubt but that in the course of three years this Settlement will be so sufficiently Stocked with beautiful cattle as quickly to lessen the necessity of supplies from England of animal food. And I here feel it incumbent on me to State to your Excellency that, on the whole, the appearance of the Stock Condition much exceeds those I have been in the habit of witnessing at Port ° cattle- Jackson. It is true the change of climate will be more Sensibly felt by them here than in the Degree of 33 and 34, particularly as they arrive at the Moment that Winter is Settling in with some Force; but I can only say that every Precaution within my Reach shall be taken to preserve and improve them. Agree­ ably to your Excellency's Instructions, I Appointed a Gentleman Survey of e (Ensign Piper) on the part of the Crown to survey them when £j p per. landed; and, having personally seen them after the Survey, it is my own opinion he has acted with precaution and judgment, from which I have judged him the most proper person to remain at Outer Cove where so valuable a property is in charge Captain Forrest having also on board Thirty four Ewes, many Ewes landed. in Lamb, and considering the great difficulties that attend the ' transporting Stock here, I judged your Excellency would think it for the interest of the Settlement that they should be re­ tained, which I have done accordingly. There being further on board some very fine Rice and a small Delivery of C quantity of Bengal Beef, I have taken, on account of Govern- "n d'Spirft's ment, as Specified in the receipt accompany this, which I hope will meet your Excellency's approbation. The Spirits on hoard the Sydney for this Settlement I have also had landed, although the quantity rather exceeds the Number of Gallons limited hy your Excellency, being Six hundred and eight. I have, &c, W. PATERSON. 636 HISTQBICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. [Enclosure.] 5 April. RECEIPT FOR LIVE STOCK AND CARGO PER SHIP SYDNEY. Yorktown, Head Quarters, Port Dalrymple, 2nd April, 1805. Receipt for RECEIVED from the ship Sydney, Captain Austin Forrest, for the live stock and use of His Majesty's Settlement at this place, for which I have store- per ship Svdnev. signedfive receipts of this Tenor and date. Six Hundred and Twelve Cows and Ten Calves Calved on the Passage and Six Hundred and eight gallons Bengal Rum. Also Eighty Bags Rice, weighing Twelve Thousand, three hundred Pounds, Twenty eight Casks Beef weighing Three Thousand, eight hundred and eighty three lbs.; Twenty Bags Paddy for cattle; Fifty seven used Blankets for Do.; and Thirty Six Buckets for Do. WM. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per H.M.S. Buffalo.) 21 April. 21st April, 1S05. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] Losses of Parh. 2. By the enclosed return of Stock, Your Excellency will live stock. perceive a loss has been sustained in the Number of Cows re­ ceived from Bengal, Notwithstanding the good Condition, they were in when landed. Every possible Pains and Care has been used to preserve them, and it can only be accounted for from the Sudden Change they have experienced in being removed from a close and warm Situation into the keen Air of this Country. However, I am in hopes that the Numbers remaining will soon replace those We have lost, as many are in Calf; You will ob­ serve by the same return that those landed from the Buffalo have also suffered from the Change of Climate, Six apparently of the finest Ewes having died in the three Nights after their landing; and I should, mention that the whole of the Stock Shipped at Sydney arrived safe and were landed in health, for which we are certainly indebted to the Attention they must have received on board. Appointment 5. Begging to express to Your Excellency my thanks for Your of A. Riley. acquiescence to my request in favor of Mr. Riley, and for Your intentions of forwarding the confirmation of his Appointment* by Your own recommendation to England I have the honor to be etc. [Enclosure.] [A copy of the return of stock is not available.]

* Note 311. PATERSON TO CAMDEN. 637

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. ISO5. 18th August, 1805. 1SAug ' [The following extracts only of this despatch are available:—] Parh. 1. I had great Pleasure and Satisfaction in receiving instructions re yours of April 5th, respecting the Arrival of the Cattle by the ljve stock. Sydney at so early a period after Your Settling; And, altho' I know Your Attention will be directed to taking Care of so valu­ able a Supply, Yet I cannot too much recommend the utmost Care of what has cost the Public such a considerable Sum* of Money. It is, therefore,, that I cannot but regret with You the loss You state to have occurred in Yours of April 25th, Altho' I am assured no Care was omitted, And it is to be regretted they did not arrive a few Months sooner to have been brought by degrees to endure the cold after landing from a Warm Ship. However, I hope the Mortality has ceased after Your last Report, which will leave no doubt of the Increase soon replacing those who have been thus unavoidably lost. 14. In recommending Grounds for the different persons now Location of at Port Dalrymple and who may go there as Settlers, I would settlers- recommend their beginning as near Your Head Quarters as possible, as well for the purpose of concentrating the Means of defence as to afford protection to each other; And as that neces­ sary Arrangement will do away the intermediate tracts to he required between each Settler, as pointed out by the Instructions^ You will be cautious not to recommend any of the Ground about the Cataracts for the present, as Government Ground may be marked out there; nor should any Ground be recommended for location in that Situation without previous Communication with me. You will be careful that no farther Alienation of any part of Alienation of the Public Breeding Stock be made or recommended, at least live stock' until their Increase greatly exceeds the Number originally landed; And, in the Alienation already made and those which may hereafter be made, You will cause it to be fully understood that no part of the Increase he disposed of till after the third Generation of those Animals. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO EARL CAMDEN. (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson.) My Lord, Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, 14th November, 1805. i-* Nov. I have the Honor of informing Your Lordship that, in instructions consequence of a despatch:): from The Right Honorable Lord ^pSortlemeDt Hobart to His Excellency Governor King, dated 24th June, 1803, Dalrymple. "stating that a Settlement should be established at Port Dal­ rymple, and that it was His Majesty's pleasure I should proceed * Note 301. t Note 812. % Note 284. 638 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. to that place for the purpose of administering the Government 14 Nov. of that New Colony and of remaining in the Charge until His Majesty's further pleasure shall be known," On being informed of the Circumstance, I made every possible haste to be in readi­ ness for embarking, which only required a few days; and on the 1st June, 1804, I received His Excellency's Instructions. Failure of On the 7th, I sailed from Port Jackson on Board His Majesty's first attempt. Colonial Cutter Integrity with the Persons as p'r Margin*; but, experiencing much bad Weather and very heavy Gales of Wind after persevering for Ten days, we found it necessary for the safety of the passengers to put back for Port Jackson, where we arrived on the 17th most of the people in ill health, in conse­ quence of their unavoidable Confinement in the hold of the Vessell. From this time, I remained at Port Jackson until October, and on the 1st of the Month received His Excellency's Commission specifying the line of Demarkationf between Lieut. Governor Collins's Command on the Derwent and that of mine in the County of Cornwall. Second On the 14th October, I embarked on board His Majesty's Ship departure for Buffalo, attended by His Majesty's Armed Tender and two Tasmania. Colonial Vessels,:}; with One Captain, Two Subalterns, Four Ser­ jeants, Two Drummers,, andfifty-Eight Rank and File, and in the whole 74 Prisoners, and on the next day (15th) sailed out of Port Jackson; during the Passage we had much Tempestuous Weather and Contrary Winds. Arrival at On the 4th Nov'r, the Buffalo got within the Heads of this Port Dalrymple. Port; but being too late in the Evening to reach Outer Cove, the only alternative Captain Kent, her Commander, had was to Anchor under the Lee of one of the Shoals; at this time it blew very fresh, and a heavy Sea running right into the Harbour; the H.M.S. Buffalo Gale continued .encreasing, and next Morning the Ship dragged aground. both her Anchors and drifted on the Shoal, where she kept beat­ ing for three days; after getting most of the Stores out of her, on the fourth day (with much exertion) she was got off without being damaged, and Anchored in Outer Cove the following day. Disembarkation This unexpected circumstance" obliged me to fix upon that at Outer cove. Cove§ as our temporary residence until I made myself acquainted with the Country. On the 10th I landed the detachment, Pris­ oners, and Provisions, and on the 11th hoisted His Majesty's Colours under a Royal Salute from the Buffalo and three Vollies by the Troops; after which my time was Chiefly taken up some days in Clearing Ground for the purpose of erecting shelter for His Majesty's Stores and Dry Provisions; and those which could not suffer from Rain I put upon Green Island under Charge of a

* The margin is blank in the copy, t Note 103. t Note 313. § Note 291. PATERSON TO CAMDEN. 639 Military Guard, which has proved very convenient and useful isoo. ever since our landing, and will Continue to be so, as the Pris­ oners can have no access to it except by Water. As every one evinced such willingness for the prosperity of the Exploration Settlement, I was soon made acquainted with the Vicinity of the o£ port' Port, and during the stay of His Majesty's Ship Captain Kent was indefatigable; to himself and Surgeon I owe thefirst dis ­ covery of Two Runs of excellent Water, which I am sure are permenant throughout the Year; and from the natural Advan­ tage it has, with tolerable Soil and lofty Timber, I determined on fixing this Situation for the principal Settlement (which His Excellency the Governor has approved of) until His Majesty's pleasure is known. I did myself the Honor of transmitting my remarks up to the Explorations by 20th Novr., the day before the Buffalo sailed, after which 1 w- Paterson. proceeded up the River; my Journal* on that excursion I com­ municated to His Excellency, which he forwarded to the Right Honorable Lord Hobart; the frequent excursions I have since made enables me to form a more perfect idea, and it is with much Satisfaction I have to assure your Lordship, that the Country far exceeds myfirst repor t and expectations. On the 4th April, His Majesty's Ship Buffalo arrived from convicts and Port Jackson, by which Conveyance I received a proportion of H.M?s?Buffaio. such Stores and Provisions as could be spared, One hundred and Twenty Ewes, Two Rams, Six Cows, Two Bulls, One Mare, and one Horse; Fifty Prisoners were also sent. Five Settlers arrived at the same time from Norfolk Island Arrival of e s f with the Acting-Surveyor-Generalf to measure out the Allotments ^0rf 0\ k iS°™nd. necessary for them; soon after their Arrival I accompanied them to different Situations as. far as Supply River, which is about Ten Miles from Head-Quarters; after examining the Ground they chose their Allotments on the Banks of a Run about Two Miles Location of to the S.E. of this place; Mr. Riley (The Act'g-D'y Commissary),flrst settlers - who came from England, recommended also to have the Advan­ tage of free Settler, chose his Ground also in this Situation:):; they proceeded to clear the Ground, and to Cultivate; every one exerted themselves as much as possible, but those who Cultivated on the sides of the Hills were deceived in their choise, and too much disappointed in thefirst appearance of their Crops, and the low Ground being also found subject to temporary floods; as they were thefirst Settlers , I have recommended them to His Excel- Proposal for lency, as a remuneration for their losses, to have Grants of Land settlers! °f on the North side of the Main River (Tamar), extending up the River South Esk*; Not mey 298 motiv. ef foNotre recommendin314. J Note 315g .thi s Situation is 640 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. that they cannot fail in success, as it is a part of the Country the 14 Nov. Colony must look to for Grain; the distance is but one Tide, and the Ground is so clear of Timber that much time will be gained and Labour saved, in Comparison to the situations where the Ground is good in this Neighbourhood from the extreem size of the Wood. Government I have also recommended for His Excellency's consideration a reserve Tract of good Ground to be retained for Government purposes, proposed. or what hereafter may be wanted, commencing at the Cataract or North Esk along the oposite side of the South Esk for many Miles in length and breadth to the Southward, which will answer in the most superior manner either for Cultivation or Pasture Land; and, notwithstanding the arrangements I have made and recommended with respect to thefirst Settler s being placed up the River, there aro still numbers of advantageous situations Contiguous to this, which I am sure will be acceptable to many Settlers who may hereafter he sent, and that will prove beneficial in every respect, equal to any other part of the Colony. Shipment of His Excellency the Governor in Chief having contracted with live stock per Messrs. Campbell for a Quantity of Cattle* from Bengal, On the ship Sydney. 19th March last, the Ship Sydney arrived in this Port, with 612 Cows and 10 Calves, when I directed the Deputy Commissary to attend Ensign Piper, which latter Gentleman I appointed for the Survey on the part of the Crown; his report I have the honor to enclose, which gives me much satisfaction on the prospect of . having such a Quantity of Breeding Stock brought into the Colony at so early a period of ourfirst Establishment , for they were in every respect stronger Cattle than those I had before seen landed at Port Jackson. One Shed I had ready prepared for the reception of nearly half, and in a few days they were all Comfortably housed; but I Losses of am sorry to inform your Lordship that although, from foreseeing live stock. that being removed from the Close and Confined Air they had breathed on Board the Ship on so long a Voyage, they had much to encounter, I had every possible precaution used to gradually temper their Change of Food and Climate; yet the keen Air of this Country soon affected them; and, notwithstanding the most unceasing care and attention was paid them, they shortly began Removal of to die fast, and as the Winter was Commencing I judged it ex­ cattle from pedient to remove them from the Lagoon Beach and Outer Cove Outer cove. to a more Sheltered Situation on this side of the Harbour; but, from the Severity of the Weather both of Rain and Frost, the mortality amongst them still Continued to be great, and from the Number Landed there remains only 250; but all these are now in good health and nearly half of them in Calf by an English and

* Note 301. PATERSON TO CAMDEN. 641

an half bred Bull, sent for the purpose of improving the breed isos. by His Excellency the Governor in Chief, and their having now u Nov' got over the whole of the Winter and the Changeable Weathei of the Spring, I have every Reason to hope they will soon en­ crease to and exceed the original Numbers Landed. I am at this Moment making preparations to remove them up the River to the Proposed Ground adjoining the Cataract, which it was not safe for me to eattiJto0' do before the conclusion of the Winter, as I could not be certain Launceston. how far any Floods might affect them; this I have however now ascertained, and I can only assure Your Lordship that if un- relaxing exertion and their being about to be removed to the most superior and the most Considerable extent of Grazing Country I have seen on this side of the Line can accomplish so desirable an object, it will be produced. I beg leave to assure Your Lordship that my personal exertions have not been wanting in any instance since my Arrival to forward His Majesty's Service in this Infant Colony; and I must, in justice to Mr. Riley, the Act'g-Deputy Commissary, say that I Services of have been much assisted by his attention and willingness to A' Rlley- render me every Service on all occasions, and particularly that of his daily attendance to the Bengal Cattle, which I am sure preserved many of their Lives. Thefirst Twelve Months being now past, I have every reason to believe the greatest part of our difficulties have been sur­ mounted. The Stores are well secured in a Substantial Building, state of the whole of the Officers have Houses, the detachment are in settIement. good Huts, and the Prisoners already Comfortably sheltered are daily becoming more so, and as we are now acquainted with the Seasons, I expect much progress will be made in the Settlement towards ministering to our own Wants of Food. It is true we shall be retarded by the very small Number of Hands I can Wantof desperse for the purposes of Agriculture; but I must at the same lafeourers. time observe that we are much indebted to His Excellency the Governor-in-Chief for even the proportion he has spared us from the many Services they are required at in the extended Colony of New South Wales. His Excellency Governor King having however recommended shipment p dfrom to Your Lordship* to cause a Ship with Stores, Settlers andPris- ^°g 1*d oners to come direct to this Port from England, should it meet Your approbation, I look forward to that event forming a prin­ cipal period in the progress of the Settlement I have had the honor of commencing, for the natural advantages it possesses are such that we only want the means and Strength to embrace them.

SER. III. VOL. 1—2 S * Note 316. 642 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. It is not for me to presume to be acquainted with the particular 14 Nov. Causes which rendered it necessary this Colony should be estab­ Establishment lished; but if its desireable Situation in the important passage of required. Bass's Streights was one of the objects, it appears to me un­ avoidably necessary that a large Establishment should ever re­ main here while the Interests of Great Britain are to be affected Prospects of in this part of the World; and if also an Agricultural Settlement agriculture. on Van Dieman's Land can ever be of Moment, it is with the most mature Consideration, aided by an Experience of a Series of Years, that I can assure Your- Lordship I have yet seen no Country unsettled that appears to me to offer such inducements to be retained. I have, &c, W. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] [A copy of the report of survey is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING* (A private letter per brig Lady Nelson.) Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, Dear Governor, 14th November, 1805. Arrival of brig The welcome arrival of the Lady Nelson on the 11th Ulto. Lady Nelson. gave me, as well as every one in the Colony, much pleasure, and the daily Expectation we then had of seeing the Buffalo soon put us all in good spirits. News from Your friendly Letters and other attentions you have paid in England and communicating the English as well as the News of Sydney were Sydney. very acceptable, and gave me much satisfaction; and from what you mention respecting Sir Joseph's Letter, in the friendly man­ ner he writes, the good Advice he gives me will ever be impressed on my mind, and I have written to him that I shall always owe my most grateful Acknowledgments for his kindness on this, as well as on many other occasions. He has ever been a sincere Friend. Salary of To yourself I feel equally indebted by the Friendly attention W. Paterson. you have paid respecting your recommendation for my Salaryt being augmented. I have written to Sir Joseph very fully on that Subject, and with what you have said I am in great hopes of succeeding; but in the event of their being any difficulty in procuring it, I have stated to him in my Letter the prospect I once had of getting a Corps for the Service of your Territory, and stated that the N.S.W. Corps would soon be inadequate to the Service of the different Dependencies of the principal Government. However.

Note 294. Note 317 PATERSON TO KING. 643 the propriety of his urging this will much depend on your ideas iso5. on the Subject, which I hope you will be kind enough to com- u Kov- municate to him in your next, with your own remarks. I have sent you, in a trunk belonging to D. Bevan, duplicates Transmission m f ens of most Specimens of Plants I have as yet collected, and any Jf ^™ of them new, which you will receive in good condition and will products. prove acceptable. The Box, No. 1, directed to Sir Joseph (con­ taining his Specimens), is made of Green Wood, as well as all the other Boxes addressed to him. I will thank you to have opened, and should you think there is a necessity of better secur­ ing them you will much oblige me by ordering it to be done. The Specimens of Ore, contained in two boxes secured by Iron Hoops, I beg you will accept of half, and the rest to Sir Joseph. without you wish to send the whole. With respect to Box No. 2, I think you will consider worthy of your notice the different Gradations of the Earth. Being sifted and washed from two Pounds, I procured one pound three-qu'rs in the manner and quallity the Parcels are put up in, which I have no doubt will prove to be a very rich one; and as the Country for many miles in this neighbourhood is chiefly composed of it, when Heavy Timbers can be had for Smelting I have little doubt at a future period it will become a valuable acquisition. The Earth is equally, if not more productive than the Ore, combined with other substances. •Among other subjects of Natural History in the Box No. 6 there are bottles containing parts of the new Animal (a Female), the Skin of the Male, etc., I sent by the Buffalo. The Skin and Bones of the one now sent, and a very perfect Native's Head, with some birds, etc., are in the box No. 1. With respect to the Birds, I beg Mrs. King will take those most acceptable, as the only small acknowledgment I can at present offer for the many marks of her Friendship to Mrs. P. and myself. What I have said in my Public Letter of this date, and the copy Loss of of my private Letter by the Endeavour, has laid the foundation bve stock' of entering into a detail of our most serious loss's, which you mentioned to have been reported at Port Jackson. The Report might have been in part true, but I am convinced it must have been by some Person or Persons who never offered me their aid or assistance on so trying an occasion as I experienced during the Winter, by endeavouring to preserve the lives of the Cattle, so valuable an acquisition to this Settlement. My fatigue and anxiety has been such that, had it not been for Mr. Riley's exer­ tions, I should have been unable to have withstood the task which was my particular duty in attending to the concerns of Govern­ ment; and I assure you it is impossible for me to describe what 644 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. I felt from the melancholy reports I daily received from the 14 Nov. Stockyards, for altho' I forsaw that in consequence of the Loss of approaching Winter they would be much injured by the Cold, live stock. but by no means in the manner they have been; and I have only to say that there cannot be a better judge than yourself to form an idea of what my anxiety must have been, looking forward at the time they were landed to having them placed in a situation where they would most probably have doubled their Numbers the first Year. • You will see by the Return of Stock that we suffered also among those received from Port Jackson; but I am happy to observe that those now remaining (the Swine excepted) are in the most thriving condition, which makes me look forward with pleasure that their increase will soon equal the original Numbei landed. The Cows are now at Point Rapid, and have been for this month past, so far on their way to the Plains. When that is effected my troubles (respecting their safety) will cease, Sheep at The Sheep are all now on the Outer Cove side, where the Outer cove. Grass is excellent; but in removing them—from the carelessness of the person (Evans) who had charge of the Boats—two fine Ewes of Government were smothered, and four belonging to Mr. Riley, which is a most serious loss. He has written to you on the subject, and to me also, which I enclose, and should be happy if he could be allowed to replace them, or that his request meets with your approbation. I think he well deserves the indul­ gence for the Service he has afforded me throughout the whole of the Winter. Loss of sheep With regard to the Bengal Sheep, you will see by the Returns from Bengal. that they have also suffered, and among themfive wer e Wethers. If they are to be left on my hands I must make the best of a bad bargain, and shall write to Mr. Campbell's Agent on the subject by the next conveyance. I can only assure you when I received them it was with no other view than that of serving Government, which realy would have been the case had they outlived the severe Winter. Mocassins made I have saved most of the Cows' hides, and are now in Tan. As from hides. the Prisoners were destitute of Shoes, I had some cut up for Mogasuns. Location of Since the arrival of the Lady Nelson, I have been up the river settlers. with the Settlers and Mr. Williams,* who has measured their allotments of ground. They commence-)- from where Mr. Mount­ garret has begun, down on that side of the River where nothing is wanted hut common Industry, with very little labour in clearing.

* Note 314. t Note 315. PATERSON TO KING. 645

Although there are many advantageous situations in the 1805. vicinity of this for Settlers, yet the Timber is so heavy where the ground is good, that it will not answer for a speedy return; and from what we now suffer, I think it advisable to proceed to Culti­ vation in that part of the Country where the Settlers are certain to succeed, and if I can be furnished with the means for Govern­ ment purposes, I am certain that next year much would be done in procuring a large quantity of Grain. I would recommend that a certain proportion of ground for Cultivation should be specified conditions in the Grants made out for the common Settlers, besides that of f™d grants. pasture land. Some of them informed me that they would make a Trial, and if they did not succeed they had only to return to Sydney. However, I gave them to understand that it would be specified in their Grants, that they should reside and cultivate upon their separate Allotments for five Years. I am sorry to observe that such a spirit of buying and selling Dogs exists, and hunting Kangaroos, if a stop is not soon put to it, it will in the end be the cause of much idleness, and conse­ quently the neglect of Cultivation. I have now restricted the Restrictions on Settlers from not having more than one Dog between two, which keePins d°ss- I believe is considered arbitrary. If you will give me your opinion on this head, I shall esteem it a favour, how far it can be done, and to what description of persons. With the Pris­ oners I shall be very particular. Mr. Riley has sent 30 Casks and 182 Iron Hoops, and will send casks shipped more by the Buffalo. We have been under the necessity of using Buffalo!'8' many of the best for Tanning. From the present reduced state of our Provisions, it is not possible to send the Settlers up the Country, and as we are now Reduction going on half allowance, little labour can be expected, which ] ofratlons- sincerely hope will not be the case long. Should the Prisoners now sent as Evidences be detained at Request for Port Jackson, I fear it will have a very bad effect with many of £oirVict° those left here. I therefore request they may be returned by the evidences. first opportunity. With respect to buildings, I have done as much as possible, public and am now going on with Brick-making, and continue at it buildings. throughout the Summer, when I hope to have a substantial Jail built. At present there is a small Brick one well secured within the Guard-House Pailing. I have sent Mr. Williams's Chart* which I refer you to respecting the other Buildings as they are all marked in it. You will observe in the Returns of Stock, among many other Loss of serious losses we have sustained, is that of one of the two best bullock.

•Note 318. 646 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. Draught Bullocks. By his Death the other is rendered quite 14 Nov. useless, he never having been in the Shafts, and so untamable that we can do nothing with him. Guard to be When the Cattle are removed and the Settlersfixed, it will be posted at necessary to have a Military Guard, with a responsible Person Launceston. to have charge, not only of the Cattle, but also that of the Pro­ visions, etc., which from time to time may be wanted. Courts martial. The Court-Martials which I mentioned in my last, are now sent with Robt. Beam's Deposition. Those with the other En­ closures, and a reference to my Lord Camden's Letter, will fur­ nish you with every information respecting the Settlement up to the present date. Specimens I have sent you four Casks of Bark. Should you find it in of bark. that condition so as to be sent to England, I think it might be worthy of notice. The Cask No. 1 is the She-Oak, said to be the best; 2, Honeysuckle; 3, Box; 4, Blue-Gum. Quarterly I omited amongst the rest of the papers now sent are the returns. Quarterly Returns from Mr. Riley. Land grants In regard to the Officers having Grants of Land, I expressed a for officers. wish in a former letter for those who came into the Settlement. Ensign Anderson being gone, there remains Captain Kemp, Mr. Mountgarrett, Mr. Riley, and Mr. Piper. I cannot lay my hands at this moment on what respects Cable and Underwood's people, but it shall be sent by the next conveyance. I have sent Sir Joseph a Journal* of the Weather for this last year. I think I have now sent all the Returns you wished for; and should I be defective in any particulars, I shall consider it kind if you will have the goodness to point them out. I now conclude this (and shall write again by the Buffalo) with my sincere wish for your health, with my best regards to Mrs. King, Elizabeth,-)- etc., and believe me, Yours, &c, W. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] [A .copy of the letter from A. Riley is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson.) 14th November, 1805. [The following extracts only of this despatch are available:—] Loss of live Parh. 2. It is with much Concern I have to report the very stock ex ship serious loss Government have sustained by the unavoidable Sydney. Deaths of so many of the valuable Cows that were brought by the

Note 28 Note 295. PATERSON TO KING. 647

Sydney, As Your Excellency will perceive by the enclosed Re- 1805. turns, which I assure You has since occasioned me much .un- 14 NoVr easiness ever since they were landed; for, altho' they were in as good Condition as could be expected, Indeed more so than Many I have seen landed at Port Jackson, Yet I anticipated that the Change of Climate and food might affect them; And, to do the utmost in my Power for the best, I had them as well sheltered as possible. Numbers of the People were daily employed in pro- Efforts to save viding Fodder and every Effort used to preserve them, but thellvestock - Reports from day to day became so Melancholy that I at last began to despair in saving one of them. As the Side on the Outer Cove was exposed to the South West Winds And the Winter commencing, I erected Sheds upon this Side the Harbour in the most Sheltered Situation, and where they were con­ venient to good grazing. On the 1st of June, I effected their Land- Removal from ing, and was in great hopes of soon having more favourable Re­ ports, which I am sorry to say was not the Case, the Weather becoming Colder and colder with much rain every Week and the whole remaining Number became at last so reduced that, in July, I found it actually necessary to allow them to have stimulating Treatment of drenches once, And for the weakest even twice a day; to in- hve stock' vigorate them sufficiently to procure their Food, they had boiled Corn, for the Season had affected them too much to eat it un­ prepared Morning and Night; as they became too weak to stand, they were put in Slings, and their Limbs, which, in the last Stage, the cold and rain entirely cramped and contracted, were fomented and recovered by Friction; And, to this Mode of treat­ ment and to Mr. Riley's constant united Efforts with myself and his daily Attendance, I must say I believe the saving of most of those remaining is to be attributed. The Spring has already added its Effects to these exertions, and I have again the pleasing hopes of their soon encreasing to their Original Numbers, as I have every reason to think that nearly One hundred of them are now in Calf, and they begin to get in excellent condition. I have now removed them to Point Rapid, where there is good Removal of Grass, preparatory to their going up to the Plains (as the Water f^ty.new in the present Situation is not permanent); after which, my troubles and Anxiety with regard to their Safety will materially be removed; but the many hands they employed during the Winter has much retarded the progress of other necessary Em­ ployments, particularly that of Cultivation, which must now be my next grand Object, And I have no doubt but, with some more labourers and draft Cattle with Seed Wheat, a Number of Acres will be ready for cultivation in the sowing Season which I think may be from May to October. 648 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 20 Nov. (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson.) 20th November, 1805. [The following extracts only of this despatch are available:—] Regret for loss Parh. 2. I am much concerned at the mortifying Account You of live stock. give of the loss in Government Stock of Cattle; Still I trust the residue will be preserved which in the course of two or three Years I hope will more than replace the Original Numbers. Their having the whole ensuing Summer before them, joined to the Attention and Care I have reason to be persuaded You have bestowed on that object, will be a great Means of insuring their Preservation and Increase. Issue of 4. As the Economy and Preservation of Animal food is of kangaroo meat. great Consequence, Not only in Your infant Settlement, but also that the Store we have here may be husbanded as much as possible, It would be adviseable that as much Kangaroo as can be procured should he issued in lieu of a part or the whole of the Salt Ration; and, as I am well aware that any particular People being employed on that Object at the Public Expence would be liable to much abuse and uncertainty, I consider it adviseable that You should direct such Proportions to be received from Individuals who have leisure to hunt that Animal, as may be necessary to supply a part or the whole of the Salt Ration, limiting the price of such parts as arefit to Issue at 6d. a pound, The Proportion issued to be at the rate of 7 lbs. each full Ration per Week. Issue and 5. As I understand that there is every Appearance of a plenti­ purchase of potatoes. ful Crop of Potatoes growing for Individuals, It might be advisable to receive such a quantity Weekly either in part or in lieu of the Week's Ration of Grain as may for some time be tendered, The Proportion of Potatoes in lieu of Flour having been 3 lbs. of the former in lieu of 2 lbs. of the latter; And I should apprehend the price of the Potatoes ought to he equiva­ lent to the Value of Wheat with You at 10s. a Bushel. Convicts to be 6. Respecting the Appropriation of Public Labour to culti­ assigned to settlers for vating on the Public Account, it certainly would be most desir­ agriculture. able if You had persons You could place a confidence in to con­ duct that necessary Object, and who have an Interest in its Success. But I am clearly of Opinion that it would be most adviseable and beneficial both to the Concerns of Government and the Individual Cultivator, if each Settler had the additional Labour of two Men exclusive of the two they are allowed for the Year, and to remunerate Government when their Crops are got in for the extra Labour. This Encouragement to the real in­ dustrious Settler and Officer, who would turn it to raising PATERSON TO KINO. 649

Wheat, might enable them to Supply the Stores with a pro- w>-,. portion, which for thefirst Year I think should be received at 20 lNov 10s. a Bushel. This Experiment I think should be well worth trying at least with such as You. think would turn it to Advan­ tage; And, should You conceive a further Stimulus necessary, You may engage to receive what they can grow for two Years at the above Price.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per brig Lady Nelson.) — December, 1805. ._ o«. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] Parh. 3. The Lady Nelson arrived on the 8th and brought Arrival of brig every thing safe; by that Vessel, I had the honor of receiving Lady Nekori- 1'uur Excellency's Letter dated the 26th Ulto. and I am trulj sorry to hear so bad an Account of Your Wheat. The Melancholy loss among the Government Stock has occa­ sioned me so much uneasiness that with the fatigue I was neces­ sitated to undergo during the Winter it has greatly impaired my Health; but I have the pleasure to say that the Remainder are now in high Order, And I am now removing them from Point Removal of Rapid up to the Plains, and when that is accomplished I shall n^hi^rhood feel perfectly happy; myfirst Idea was to walk them by land, for of Launceston. which purpose I requested Mr. Riley to make himself acquainted with the Country from the Supply River to the Cataract, and furnished him with a Soldier and one of the Boat's Crew and ordered tho Boat to attend at different parts of the River to bring the party back. The Man of the Boat's Crew, I had ordered, was for Want of Shoes unable to proceed; but Mr. Riley and Private Richard Bent left the Supply on Sunday Morning the 1st instant, but after four hours' walking without Meeting a drop of Water, altho' they passed several places that had a Month Since 3 and 4 feet (which renders my intention of the Cattle going by Land impossible), they fell in with a body of Encounter of y Wlth about Fifty Natives, who immediately surrounded them and in natfv'^ the most decided Manner intimated they would not allow them to proceed on the course Mr. Riley was taking, viz. S.S.E., but with their Spears pointed to them another exclaiming " Walla, Walla "; immediately on seeing them, Mr. Riley, in accordance with my wishes, if possible, to preserve Amity with these Savages, left the Guard and went unarmed to them when a mutual interchange of Notice took Place, in which they did not seem inimically disposed unless a desire to possess his Crevat and Clothes could be construed into this; but, however, during the 650 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA. 1805. elapse of time, Some of their party had fired the Hills entirely — Dec. round them, and they were gradually drawing Mr. R. and Bern to a thick Jungle; hut, perceiving his Resolution not to entei it, they apparently in the most friendly Manner left him to his Route and to follow their own; but to further evince that noth­ ing but Treachery is to be expected from these people, they un- perceived sent more of their Numbers round a hill to intercept them, And at the Moment they were crossing a deep Gully sur- A. Riley rounded with high Brush, Bent received a Spear fast in the woundeder Small of his Back, and in the instant Mr. Riley was drawing it he also received another fixed in his Hip; But Bent by this for­ tunately gaining a rise sufficiently to enable him tofire, with a general Shout they disappeared; but had either of them fell at the time, they would unquestionably have been Speared to Death. After the Accident, they had aboutfifteen Miles to walk to reach the Boat, which they luckily had just strength to accom­ plish; Both of the Wounds were deep, But Mr. Riley is almost entirely recovered and Bent is now daily getting better, And I Removal of trust no bad Consequences will ensue to either. This unfor- cattie by water, lunate Circumstance led me to the necessity of requesting Mr, Mountgarret to superintend the transporting the Cattle by Water, as I am fearful the Lagoon at Point Rapid will soon dry up, and, as his flat bottom'd Boat is very convenient for that purpose, I engaged it, which will take up his Attention and the use of the Boat for nearly three Weeks.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING* (A private letter, per brig Lady Nelson.) 11 Dec. Dear Governor, Yorkton, 11th December, 1805. I have been much gratified in receiving your friendly Letters, and the timely supplies you have sent us. I assure you the arrival of the Marcia was very acceptable, and that of the Arrival of brig Lady Nelson, in so short a time after her departure from this, Lady Nelson. wag qUjte unexpected. She came in on the 8th, and so certain were we, from Reports, that it was the Buffalo, anxiously looked for, that Mrs. Paterson rode down to opposite Outer Cove for the purpose of bringing Capt. Hunter; etc., with her to Dinner; but before she returned Lt. Symons had delivered me Your Letters. Altho' I was much disappointed that it was not the Buffalo, still the Lady Nelson was a welcome Visitor, and a Balsam which had a great effect on my Spirits. . - , I was sorry to hear of your return of the Gout. It is certainly a teasing complaint, but I think not worse than mine; lately I * Note 294. PATERSON TO KING. 651 can hardly withstand a Breeze of Wind which does not affect me. isos. I have been very ill, but at present, thank God, I am much better, n Dec- or I should not have been able to write to you for want of Eyes, m-heaith of T ^ • Paterson. In my Public Letter I have stated the mode I have pursued in removing the remains of the Cattle, and anxious to know how they were getting on I was benighted in the Wherry, with a Gale blowing right up the River. This brought on a severe inflama- tion in my Eyes, but more particularly my best Eye, that I could . not bear the light for some days. When I mention the Cattle, they have given me much uneasiness indeed, but I hope that those times are past, and I comfort myself with the idea that my troubles on that head are nearly at an end. The intention I had of sending them by land, you will observe, was frustrated by the unfortunate circumstance which happened to Mr. Riley and the Party. Bent, the Soldier, was the person injuries eC with him whose wound was dangerous, hut he is now better. Mr. A Rney and R. has not been well ever since. I rather think the Spear has R- Bent- penetrated very close to the Spine. In consequence of this dis­ aster, as I was fearful the Water would not continue long at Point Rapid, I determined, tho' reluctantly, to engage Mr. Hire of boat Mountgarret's boat to transport them by Water, as stated; and jiountgarrett. as everyone has his price, I have promised him one of the Bengal Cows, when they are delivered safe at Brownrigg's Plains, which I hope will meet with your approbation. I shall state this in my next Public Letter, assigning my reasons for having done so, when the Cattle, I hope, will be all safe landed. From my Public Letter you will see what trouble I have had Discontent with the Settlers. They really have ideas that everything they of settIers- do is to oblige me, and if I was to give them all the stores in the Settlement and cultivate their Ground into the bargain they would not be satisfied. However, they shall have a fair trial in their new Situations. Mr. Mountgarrett has certainly done more than them all except Mr. Riley. If the Flood had not happened the latter would have had nearly twelve Acres in cultivation. Mr. M. has three Acres of Wheat, which if no accident happens it is at present a very promising Crop. The Order respecting Purchase of the purchase of Kangaroo and Potatoes I have issued, and en- and^tatoes.34 close you a Copy, which I hope will have a good effect; but I am still of opinion that whatever exertions the Settlers may use it will be necessary for me to pay every attention to the Cultivation of the Ground for Government, which I think will induce them to use their utmost exertions, at least in thefirst outset; and I think if a Premium was offer'd to those who returned into Store the greatest quantity of Wheat or other grain and Potatoes the 652 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. industrious would look forward to obtain the reward; but this is 11 Dec. merely for your private consideration, as I shall never say any­ thing on that subject until I hear from you. I feel much obliged for your attention to Beams. We all think Charge of store, he is honest and useful. With respect to his having any par­ ticular charge about the Store, in Riley's absence I shall arrange Principal in a manner which I am sure will be satisfactory. Massey I must overseer. remunerate in the best manner I can.. He has, and is now very useful, both as Chief Constable and Principal Overseer, and merits to be rewarded. I have had a Public Oven built, which he has also the charge of, under my own inspection. When Jones and House arrive I shall be able to make such arrange­ ments which I hope will take much trouble of myself. Selection of With respect to the description of Prisoners you send will convicts. much depend our progress. I hope those who were in the Buf­ falo will not be sent. When we are independent of food I shall not care what they are. Shipment I have sent you as much of the Ore as time will admit, which I of ore. had carried in by the Prisoners. If I had Carts (which we are much in want of) I could load in time the whole Navy of Great Britain. Should this ever become worthy of notice, I beg you will give me the merit of being thefirst who discovered it. Should it prove valuable these Hills may become a place of Punishment for the unruly, by working them in Irons, as they do in the Mines in many parts of the World. Request for Two common Steel Mills is much wanted, and I understand steel mills ; there is a hand mill such as you purchased from Mr. Palmer; and as a great part of our force will be up the River something of that kind will be absolutely necessary. for plough I hope you will he able to send me a Plough complete, and two and carts. good Carts. I have no Wheelwright, the most useful of all Mechanics in a new Colony. We are very ill of for want of cooking Utensils. There is some Sheet Tin, but no Solder or Iron Wire for the purpose of making Building of it into Kettles; a little Brass is also wanted. I am now building boat. a Boat similar to your Gig. The Wherry rows heavy, and as my frequent attendance up the River will be required, such a Boat is wanted. As soon as it isfinished I purpose building a sizeable Punt for sending up Stores, Cattle, etc., as the service may require. Land grants What I have stated respecting the Officers for Grants* of Land proposed. 1 hope is what you wanted; and if Mr. Williams does not finish the laying down the situation, Lt. Symons, who is well acquainted with the country, will mark it upon your Chart. Mrs. King,

* Note 323. PATERSON TO KING. 653

Capt. Houston, Mr. Riley, and Mrs. P., may be upon the opposite isos. side, commencing at the Cataract, and I shall mark out a large n Dec- space to be saved as arable ground for Government; but if Mr. Land grants Williams was to remain here for Twenty Years, from his Survey propos you would not learn more of the Country than we do at present. I wanted him to return in the Lady Nelson, but Mr. Symons he cannot accommodate him. He will therefore remain until an­ other opportunity. I am sorry Mr. Evans lost himself so much. Had that not been the case, had he been here, I should have been enabled to send you a decent-looking Chart. The Evidences who have and are now sent, I beg may be returned. If they are not it will encourage others to follow their example, for the purpose of getting out of the Settlement. I have written to Major Johnston to return either Brumlow Military or another Sergeant, with Baker, the Private, who accompanied re

* Note 295. 654 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1805. cannot comply with without your permission; those who cultivate 11 Dee. for the general concern, I shall do what is recommended.—W.P. Memorandum. Specimens On the north side of Middle Arm is a large Strata of Stone. of stone and A Specimen is sent, and some Fossils found in the vicinity of fossils. the same place, on a hill chiefly composed of that substance. Departure of Mr. Symons takes Prentice, with his Wife and three Children, Prentice. which rids me of a great nuisance. Guard for A Sergeant's Guard must be with the Cattle. cattle. What I mean is Letters addressed in my own Name upon service. Land desired You will see by the Chart what a space Mr. M. looks forward by J. to have. I have told him no part of it can be measured until I Mountgarrett. receive your Excellency's Instructions, as that space occupies nearly 3,000 Acres of Ground. What is in the Canvas Bag comes off the surface where the Ore is. I regret much that the Stallion and Mare are not here. They would have been a great acquisition, but I hope you will not forget me by the next safe conveyance. Departure of Mr. Williams* has just informed me that he goes. He will H. Williams. embark this afternoon, and if the Wind permits, the Lady Nelson will sail. W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per ship Sydney.)

30 Dec. 30th December, 1805. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—] Return of YOUR Excellency will see by the return sent by the Lady Nelson live stock. on the 15th Ulto. that the Number of Bengal Cows remaining was 251 up to Septr. 30th. Since there is a decrease of four Head, but I have the pleasure to add there has not been a Single Death for these last ten Weeks, and there is not one remaining but that is in thefinest Condition .

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KiNG.t Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, 1806. 18 Jan. Dear Governor, 18th January, 18054 Reports from I had the pleasure of your letter by the Estramina, and Sydney. am sorry to learn of the frequent attacks you have lately had; and from the accounts you give of poor Dundas,§ I fear you will lose a great assistant when you are ill, as I am sure you will never get such another.

* Note 314. Note 294. t Note 319. § Note 320. PATERSON TO KING. 655

I am concerned to hear the melancholy accounts of your wheat; 1806. but I have long thought that the settlers croped their ground too I8 Jan- often, and consequently the grain will degenerate. I wrote you, I believe, every particular by the Lady Nelson up Removal of to that date. Since her departure I have been busily employed c'att in removing the remains of the cattle, which has been done with more expedition than what Ifirst expected . We had the mis­ fortune to lose one cow by an accident. They are now all safe on the plains, and in excellent order. My anxiety has been such in getting everything prepared for the winter that I have had a hut put up, 8 feet by 10, at Riching's Park,* and I have as yet superin­ tended the cattle myself until I get the people in proper train Since the Lady Nelson sailed I have pass'd nearly a month in that country, and am now going up again to remain for some time, as it is not probable that I shall be able to visit them often in the winter months; indeed, my health will not admit of my being much exposed to the inclemency of the southerly blasts. It is not possible to avoid keeping up the number of people on a stockman ration, at least for some time, until the sheds are completed and the quantity of hay for winter fodder is got in. I have only to assure you that every attention shall be paid to what you recommend. You will judge by the return how our few hands are necessarly disposed of, and many of those are unfit for labour; but I am in great hopes that one hundred acres will be Prospects of got in before the sowing season is over, which may be from ag April to the beginning of Sept'r to a certainty, and I have no doubt but that the grain grown in this climate will be an advan­ tageous change of seed for Port Jackson; but I am sorry to find it impossible to get by any means the proper quantity of agri­ cultural labour performed by the desperate idle hands we have here. I hope with the seed-wheat and barley you intend sending you will also spare me some seed-oats. I think that grain will answer well, from a trial I have made from a few picked out from amongst some wheat sent me by James Badgery. The kind of wheat you had in the Government garden at Parramatta, I think, would be worth trying. I was much disappointed while my stay up the country tofind tha t the water in the river where the North and South Esk meet was notfit for use even when the tide was out, which two months ago was fresh for upwards of seven miles down the Tamar. This is owing to the very dry season we have had, and which still continues. In recommending the allotments of ground for House and Land and T ...... , -riij assistance for J ones, you do not say what assistance they are to have. 1 should settlers. not like to stricke off any of'the mechanics for agriculture, as * Note 322. 656 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. there are two very necessary buildings much wanted before the 18 Jan. long nights commence, viz., a barrack and jail. The sawyers and Land and brickmakers I have constantly employed while the dry weather assistance for •settler1;. continues; the latter I shall employ otherways in winter, as the rain and frost will not answer for their own work.

As much of my time will be required at the new settlement Building (which you have named Patersonia*), the wherry being a very of boat. heavy rowing boat I have built a boat of the sassafras, which I think will at all times take me up in one tide. I hope you will be able soon to send me a proper surveyor, or I shall never be able to give you a sketch or idea of either farms or districts.

Difficulties of I assure you, dear Governor, that my situation here has been administration very arduous and fatiguing, both in body and mind, to exert my utmost for the welfare of the colony, and was atfirst i n the hopes of carrying on the public service with the greatest promptitude; but circumstances have lately occurred which has distressed me much; and situated as I am at present, where I cannot bring public offenders to justice or to check any irregularaties among soldiers for the want of the means for holding Courts-Martial. Discontent On the 1st inst. I understood the detach't was discontented and insubor­ because they had their ration serv'd out three times a week, which dination of military. I had ordered in consequence of the expected supplies of kan­ garoo, which would not keep good for more than two days. I paraded the detachment to explain the necessity of enforcing my orders. While on the parade I received a letter, signed (as was said) by all those doing duty at headquarters, desiring to know who the spirits was intended for which came in the Lady Nelson. After some explanation, most of them were perfectly sensible of their error, and I found out there were only a few who signed, as most of the names were attached to the letter without their knowledge. A few days after, I found a most mutinous and inflamatory anonymous paper in my yard, defying the Articles of War, and saying they knew tnem long since as well as we long-headed gentry. I can take no notice on this until I can lay my hands on the author, which I hope to do ere long, and I only wish it was in my power to make an example upon the spot. Until that is the case, I fear these irregularities amongst the artful and ill-disposed characters (who I hope are but few in this detachment) will continue. Proposed If officers cannot be spared for a tour of duty from Port Jack­ removal of malcontents. son, it will be very necessary for me to remove those I suspect. I think they are about twelve in number, and if they are not

* Note 296. PATERSON TO KING. 657 replaced by the same number, you will see by the duty state that 1806. we will be very ill of. I have said so much to my friends respect- 18Jan - ing the necessity of augmenting the military, that I am sure your pointing it out would have the desired-effect. I hope ere this that your expected supplies are arrived from Agricultural England. I am sure you will think of our wants, for they are pr?spec many. If I had some draught cattle and a plough, I am certain more than one hundred acres would be got ready for wheat on Government account. There are several patches of excellent ground on both sides of the harbour, as high as Outer Cove and Western Arm, which I think may be cultivated to great advan­ tage, if you should not wish to have the church and orphan land in this neighbourhood, as those are the only situations I can point out contiguous to this place.

****•**#** Mr. Oxley will inform you of the mistake in the quantity of Shipment ironstone, but I have endeavoured to make up for it with what I have sent on board from the Rothsay Mines. If I could have had a few turns of the Sydney bullock carts I can at any time load a vessel. There is a box directed to you with some prime speci­ mens, which I think arefit subject s for any museum. I have sent you a sketch of the front line of Riching's Park Surveys by done by Mr. Hill. Should no surveyor arrive I shall employ him in tracing the river when he can be spared. Having got on so far with this letter up to the 18th,* a circum- Military sent stance occurr'd on the evening of that day which gives me great *g$ydney for concern, which (as explained by nay letter No. 2+) my motives for sending Ens. Piper are that he may explain more fully our present situation. After what I have said in the former part of this letter, viz., that without having the power of making public ex­ amples on the spot, I fear the service will materially suffer when such vilainous transactions are carried on. I certainly never suspected Roberts and Baker could be implicated in such a dis­ graceful transaction. Should any of them fall a victim to the crime they are charged with, whatever punishment it may be, I think if it was inflicted here it might have a good effect and deter others from the like offences. In case the Judge-Advocate should think that they ought to be tryed by a General Court-Martial, I have sent a military crime. The want of articles in store for paying for any extra labour Payment has obliged me to give Corp'l Holsworth a memorandum of what ^mmta" ry- is due to him for attending the mill. As we could not do without him, I hope he will receive articles to the am't at Sydney.

Sim. III. VOL. 1—2 T * Note 319. t Note 321. 658 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1800 Mrs. P. writes to Mrs. King. The seeds sent to her will bear 18 Jan. dividing. I have therefore not sent any to you. The box directed Shipment of to Sir Joseph Banks, containing seeds, I will thank you to have seeds and plants. opened for fear any damp* may have got at them; and you will oblige me much by forwarding the box's for Mr. Greville, Gen'I Bentham, and Messrs. Lee and Kennedy. I have enclosed you a memorandum of what the box No. 9 contains. After you have examined them, I'll thank you to send them to Sir Joseph. The live plants are all curious, and I hope will arrive safe. If you could send me some box's for live plants, in the manner yours were made, the plants would not require to removed out of them until they arrived in England. I must now conclude by wishing yourself and family many happy returns of the season, and believe me, dear Governor, Yours sincerely, W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per brig Venus.) 10 March. 10th March, 1806. [The following extracts only of this despatch are available:—] Proposed Parh. 2. Foreseeing that the great distance of the Country removal of above the Cataract from Western Arm would prove a very headquarters. material drawback to the exertions, We may be enabled to make in husbandry, I had determined that the greater part of my whole Detachment should be removed there as speedily as pos­ sible, And I only waited for the Arrival of the Estremina with Your Excellency's Answer to my last Dispatches to put my in­ tentions in Execution. Precarious as our Supplies of Grain are from Port Jackson, It is of thefirst Moment to our preservation that the body of the People with me should be on the Spot, Where the Assistance of every one in raising food may be em­ braced as much as is possible with their other Employments. I shall therefore immediately reside myself at Riehing Park,* Guard left at leaving only at Yorkton, Captain Kempf with Lieut. Laycock and Yorkton. a sufficient Guard to protect those Stores, I am obliged to leave there for the present with our Sawyers. 3. In Addition to the Accounts I have forwarded Your Exceh lency, I have to communicate a further Circumstance that presents very favourable Appearances to the Interests of the Settlement. Some Short time since a party fell in, about Seven Miles from the Cataract, with what they conceived to be a New

* Note 322. fNote 293. PATERSON TO KING. 659

River, but which on inspection has turned out to be the North 1806. Esk* before it reaches this Stupendous Collection of Rocks, beyond 10 March- which it had never been seen. It proves in every respect a much Discovery of finer river than the South Esk. I have had it surveyed as far as the Cataract. is laid down in the Chart I have forwarded Your Excellency; And I have the Pleasure to add that the Ground on its Banks, extending on both sides into considerable plains without a Tree, and in many places farther than the Eye can reach, is stated by all who have seen it to be even much superior, both for grazing and tillage, to the Excellent Land on the South Esk which I did not think could have been surpassed. In a S.E. direction another riverf is seen to join it; On which Appearances are stated to be equally favourable. I shall as soon as possible inspect these myself. As I at present See, the Consequence of this Ascertain­ ment will prove of very considerable Importance to the Colony, as, exclusive of the valuable Ground on the Banks of the Two Rivers, almost the whole Space they enclose is also of the first description. Your Excellency will see by the Chart I have had the South Esk* traced to its.Source. 4. The receipt of Kangaroo rather increases as I expected as Supply of the Winter Approaches; but I am very sorry to say I have very andprtato'es6.3'4 little if any Assistance to expect from Potatoes, arising as stated in my last dispatch to Your Excellency from our having been unable to procure any Seed from Port Jackson, which is a loss I shall seriously feel. From two Acres Mr. Riley had put in, he has owing to the Ground having been unfortunately flooded actually only dug Seven Bags not being half the Seed; And from Mr. Mountgarret I have only to expect One hundred Bushells at the utmost. My means of any internal Supply are thus small indeed; but I trust and I have every reason to hope that we shall in the next Season present to you a much more favourable Appearance from the exertions that are and will be made, which the contiguity of our residence to the Ground culti­ vating will very materially forward, Patersonia^ being in the very Heart of our prime Arable and grazing land. 5. Your Excellency's intention of Supplying us with Seed will considerably give Effect to the Labour of those employed in Agriculture. The Seed Wheat and Barley I have received by Supply of grain the Estremina is fine and in good Order, and I am sanguine forseecl- enough to expect that we shall, before the Sowing Season is com­ pletelyfinished, whic h will not be till the end of September, at least want 200 Bushells of Wheat; And, as Barley and Oats can be got in later and will grow in the Ground unfit for Wheat, a further supply of the former and some of the latter will also be of great Service. And, as I much fear our Necessities will

* Note 304. t Note 324. % Note 296. 660 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. oblige the greater part of those Potatoes we have to be consumed, 10 March. it will be of great moment to us if in the Spring we can get down a Supply of Seed for this valuable vegetable.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR KING. (Despatch per schooner Governor Hunter; acknowledged by Governor King, 20th July, 1806.) 19 June. 19th June, 1806. [The following extract only of this despatch is available:—]

Arrival of THE Governor Hunter arrived here on the 13th, and brought us schooner the Account of having left the Venus in Twofold Bay, with Governor Hunter and Your dispatches on board, and many Articles which we all stood brig Venus. much in need of. On the loth that Vessel hove in Sight, and the next day anchored off Lagoon Beach. Mr. House went on board of her; after receiving the Letters he, with the Master, came to this place, leaving Corporal Thompson and Evans until his Despatches return. On their Arrival I learned by Accident that a Box of thrown Letters had been opened and thrown overboard, and that a overboard. quantity of Spirits had been stolen. When I asked the Master if what I had heard was true, he said it was. On this I ordered Mr. House to proceed immediately on hoard, and take another Soldier with him, And upon no Account whatever to quit the vessel until he brought her to Store Point, which is in Sight of my House. Not hearing anything of her the next Morning, I Piratical dispatched my Boat with a Serjeant to bring up what things seizure of which might be at hand, when to my great Surprise I was in­ brig Venus. formed She was carried to Sea, and that neither Mr. House or the Master had been on board. This Melancholy Circumstance has induced me to dispatch the Governor Hunter with the Information of this Disaster, which will be severely felt by all here, And particularly those at the Derwent, to which Place I intended sending her, with Orders to return here, and should have availed myself in taking a Passage in her to Port Jackson.

GOVERNOR KING TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per ship Sophia.) 20 July. Sir, Sydney, 20th July, 1806. Seizure of By the Governor Hunter, which arrived here the 12th in­ brig Venus. stant, I received Yours of the 19th Ulto., and am much concerned and disappointed at the untoward Event of the Seizure of the Venus with the Provisions, Stores, etc., belonging to Govern­ ment, and the many Comforts that the Vessel took for Yourself and the Officers. KING TO PATERSON. 661

The Master's Conduct in leaving the Vessel, knowing as he did iso6. the mutinous State of his People, and Mr. House's, is equally 20 Jul?, reprehensible as they certainly might have got down to the Vessel Seizure of the same Night, which might have prevented this unfortunate and ill timed loss. To prosecute the Master would be doing little or nothing As it must be by Action; And it appears equally hard that the Owners should be compelled to make good the loss occa­ sioned by such a Worthless Character. It is beyond a doubt that the Pirates, who took her away, have disagreed long ere now; But even that Supposition affords no Idea of the Vessel ever being recovered. I did calculate that the Supplies taken by the Venus and Governor Hunter, Schooner, would have lasted You and Colonel Collins until further Supplies would be sent; And on that Idea I sloop Venus took up the Venus Sloop, which was fully laden with Supplies provisions. of Provisions and Stores and Sailed from hence the 5th instant for Your Settlement. But after beating about this Port a Week with Strong South and Westerly Winds, She returned again on the 12th, when I received Your Accounts by the Governor Hun­ ter, which determined me on taking up the Sophia at every risque ship Sophia to convey to You, as speedily and certainly as possible, not only despatched.1"3 the Articles that were to have gone in the Venus Sloop, But also as considerable an Addition as our very reduced State and 220 Prisoners more arrived will allow of. This temporary Re­ source I hope will be eked out until the Rice arrives, Unless some fortuitous Circumstance should place it in Your Power or Mine (which shall not be neglected) to procure Supplies before the ensuing Harvest. I think it probable that a Ship from India or Bencoolen will arrive with Rice about September or October. In Mri Riley's return of the Quantity of Provisions left in the Estimated Stores on the 21st ulto., It appears You then had Meal, Maize pOTto'airympie. and Potatoes sufficient for a fortnight at half Ration, And that You had 451 Bushels of Barley, which is upwards of 15 Weeks Barley at 6 lb. each full Ration, And that You had 18,000 lbs. of Pork, which at our present Rations of 44 lbs. each will be a suffi­ ciency to last 18 Weeks. The 18,300 lbs. of Salt Pork now Sent will last Your Numbers including the People now sent 16 Weeks, making in the whole 34 Weeks Salt meat from the 21st June last. As I conceive there must be a great Error in the Return of Barley, I only calculate what quantity You will have on the Sophia's Arrival, which, after deducting 10 Bushels of Wheat for Seed, will at 4 lbs. of Flour each full ration per Week last You till about October. How far You may consider it necessary to reduce the allowance more to make it last longer will be regu­ lated by Your resources, which I know can be but few if any at 662 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. present. Of Sugar, there is also sent a sufficiency for the present 20 July. ration to last You until about October. All of which I hope will Shipment of arrive Safe. I have also directed the Commissary to send the stores and clothing. Proportion of Wine and Soap to the different Officers, whose Agents here make payment for it, And also more than a full proportion of Clothing and Stores received by the Pitt and For­ tune which has yet come to hand. I think it is not unlikely that one of the Store Ships from England will call at Your Settle­ ment before it comes here, But I have no intimation to that Effect. Government I am sorry to say that the only two Colonial Vessels We have colonial belonging to the Crown (the Lady Nelson and Estremina, which vessels. has been recently purchased*) whose Services are' constantly necessary to carry Supplies to the New Settlements, will not admit of one being stationed at Lagoon Beach without depriving this Government of the Means of providing as regular Supplies Ordnance to as Circumstances will Admit of; as You have two small Cannon, be placed at I think Your Arrangement of placing it at Lagoon Beach and Lagoon beach. removing the Guards of outer Cove and Port Clarence to that place will greatly tend to check future Attempts Similar to that of the Venus's Seizure. If the Mill can come from Hawkesbury before the Venus is ready, She shall take it; But I am so anxious to get her away that she shall not stay an instant. Issue of The Arrangement I made respecting the Potatoes was errone­ potatoes. ous. You will, while You have Potatoes and until further Orders, cause them to he issued agreeable to Your General Orders on that Subject. Military and By the Sophia, I send 20 Convicts, which are just arrived in convicts per ship Sophia. the Fortune, being Englishmen. I have made such a selection of trades as I conceive will be most useful. More should have been Sent but that I did not deem it adviseable to send more by that Vessel. Lieutenant Moore, a Serjeant, Corporal, and 5 rank andfile also embark in that Vessel for the Duty at Port Dal­ rymple; And I desire that no Officer under Your Command may be allowed to leave that Port until he is duly relieved by another Officer. Punishment The Conduct of the Governor Hunter's Crew has undergone an of sailors. Examination, and, by the Gazette of the 13th instant,f You will observe they received the punishment they so justly Merited, which I hope will check those proceedings. Jones's Conduct in the transaction of not giving a proper Attendance to the Man. who died, must be put into a Gang. I have sent a prisoner named Aldridge who came in the Fortune; he is very well spoken of and calls himself an Apothecary.

Note 325. Note 326. PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. 663 I request that no Circumstance may occasion a long detention isoe. to the Sophia, And that the Guard which goes in that Ship may 20 July- remain on board her, and that every Caution and Precaution is Guard for used to prevent any Accident happening to her by being run s ip op 1 away with, as the Expence of Government being obliged to pay for her will be great. The Mill is sent on board, and I believe everything belonging to it. I have, &c, PHILIP GIDLEY KING.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Alexander.) Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 12th August 1806. 12 Aug. I did myself the Honor of transmitting in Novr. last a Previous detail of the progress made at that period in this Settlement reP°rt- tcTthe Right Honorable Earl Camden, of which I have enclosed Your Lordship a Copy. It may not be improper in me to state to Your Lordship that the Mouth of the River (or rather Arm of the Sea) on which I have been directed to Settle, is the only Harbour known on the Harbour of South Side of the important Passage of Bass's Streights, that Port dalrymple. seperates Van Dieman's Land from the Continent of New Hol­ land, and possesses ample safety for any Number of Vessels, altho' the entrance is rather difficult, hut which I have partly remedied by Beacons in the Shoals, and shall, when I have the means, entirely so, as far as such obstacles of Nature can be surmounted, the impediments Consisting principally in a Narrow Channel which will be remedied as soon as I have trusty and good Pilots. I have always considered this Settlement of serious moment importance solely from the relative situation, which becomes in the extreme settlement!1 ° more Interesting from the Circumstances of neither Port Phillip or Western Port on the North side of the Streights, and on the South of the Continent, being Settled, from the Considerable Obstacles they present, which thus renders this the only Port in those Streights, the discovery of which must ultimately have the desirable effect of doing away with the necessity of sailing around the South Cape thereby escaping a boisterous Passage of Ten degrees. And although I have ever conceived that the peculiar Advantages of the local situation of this Harbour as of sufficient importance to alone render its Establishment positively necessary, yet it has Combined to these an immense Tract of one of the most beautiful Countries in the World. 664 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. The land contiguous to the Sea is as in general for the most 12 Aug. part indifferent, but there are on both sides as low as the Mouth Description portions of good Grazing Ground, and this alternation of good of country. and bad Soil continues about Twenty Five Miles, from whence the Country gradually improves, the Verdure encreases, the size of our lofty Timber diminishes (an invariable proof of the Soil increasing in quality) for about Fifteen additional Miles, when a still superior degree of fertility commences, and continues, gradually improving on both sides the River as far as the Cata­ ract, where I have fixed our principal Agricultural Settlement,* in the Center of the most Superior Tract of Arable and Grazing Country I have Witnessed. Discovery of And in addition to the Accounts I forwarded The Earl Camden, river above I have to communicate to Your Lordship a further circumstance the Cataract. very favourable to the Interest of the Settlement. Some short time since a party fell in about Seven Miles from the Cataract with what they conceived to be a New River, hut which on in­ spection has turned out to be the North Esk before it reaches this stupendous collection of Rocks beyond which it had never been seen. It proves in every respect a much finer River than the South Esk, and I have the pleasure to add that the Ground on its Banks extending on both sides into Considerable Plains with­ out a Tree, and in many places farther than the Eye can reach, is stated by all, who have seen it, to be even much superior both for Grazing and Tillage to the Excellent Land on the South Esk. which I did not think could have been surpassed, and another River is seen to join it, on which appearances are stated to be equally favourable. Headquarters My Head Quarters remain in the situation I was necessitated at Yorkton. to fix on at Western Arm, but I am yet unable to determine of the propriety of their remaining here, from some inconveniences we discover in the Channel of it; but we have other situations on both sides the Harbour that may he advantageously occupied, and from whence the largest Vessels can he unloaded at all times of the Tide, an advantage Western Arm does not possess; but should the apparently Valuable Ore, of which I have discovered such abundance, become of Moment sufficient to induce the attention of Government, this place will he always desireahle from its Con­ tiguity to the Situation of the Metal, and from its Convenience for many public purposes. Improvement I have the pleasure to acquaint Your Lordship that my expecta­ in live stock. tions expressed to the Earl Camden of the Improvement of the Bengal Cattle when removed to the fine Pasturage up the Country are now realizing, the whole of them having withstood

* Note 296. PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. 665 the inclemency of the present Winter, and are now daily dropping iso6. thefinest Calves , so much benefitted indeed by the English Cross 12 Aug' that the only danger we have to apprehend is the loss of the ?ang,<;r-s Mother from the Size of their Young, not from their inability to bring them up, as the rich Herbage on which they have been Grazing enables them to afford a copious Supply of Milk, but from their difficulty of parturition with Calves so disproportionate to their own bulk. The Excellent Walks we have for their Report on Grazing render our Sheep also so superior that I have rarely * seen as fine Lambs as We have now falling in any part of Europe; and I have the honor to enclose for Your Lordship's information a return of the Public and Private stock we at present possess. Three Settlers* only have yet established themselves here; but, by the exertions of those Officers* who have engaged in Culti- Land under vation, we have this Season 53 Acres Sown in Wheat, 23 Acres ready for Barley, and 4 for Potatoes, although our necessary attention to other objects prevented, from the few Prisoners His Excellency the Governor has been enabled to spare me, the com­ mencement of any Labour in Agriculture untill January of the present Year, And if the Settlers sent to this Colony are good Characters, and Men of Industry, they cannot fail of insuring themselves every comfort of Independence. The Climate is in every respect highly favourable for all the Climate purposes of Agriculture, and most particularly for the Stile fol- apiculture." loWed in Great Britain, to which it much nearer approaches than the temperature of Port Jackson, being, however, somewhat warmer in the Summer than the Former, with none of those severe Months of Snow and Frost that are experienced there in the Winter. It is therefore the laborious English Farmer that Prospects will be desirable, who must, with common Agricultural ability, accrue property to themselves and prosperity to the Settlement, which will be considerably advanced should Your Lordship see it necessary to cause Ships to touch here with Stores, Prisoners, and Settlers direct from England; for the arduous Task of Com- pleating the Establishment of a New Colony will require a Strength and Assistance I cannot expect from Port Jackson, the extended and extending progress of which occasions within itself the necessity of the whole of its means; and begging to assure Your Lordship that no exertion shall be wanting to render effec­ tive His Majesty's Intentions in this Settlement. I have, &c, W. PATERSON.

*Note 327. 666 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1806. [Enclosure No. 1.] 12 Aug. ACCOUNT of Stock belonging to the Crown and to private Indi­ Return of viduals on H.M. Settlement, Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's live stock. Land, August 16th, 1806.

Horses. ! Black Cattle. ! Sheep. Goats, Swine.

The Crown 1 23 263 1 56 144 10 1 j Lieut. - Governor Pater­ 11 31 5 15 1 1 son 1 3 6 Captain Kemp 2 2 6 10 5 Mr.MountgarrettSurgeon Mr. Riley, Act's- D'ty. 1 4 16 42 1 12 2 Commissary 1 7 2 Superintendants 2 8 4 Settlers Total. 3 28 283 1 85 225 6 45 1 22 1

W. PATERSON. [Enclosure No. 2.]

Return of RESULT of General Muster taken at H.M. Settlement at Port inhabitants. Dalrymple, the 10th August, 1806.

0D Male | Free Female Sett­ Free £' Con- [ So­ Con- Children. lers, Men. *-"* c « viets, men. Wets. - """ —> so Time when - 5 0D en OQ EC m 00 taken. »?% © OJ 03 m i-t o 6 £ -r- » 5 o o ? s- o ^ P..S ;-• o •*- c 3 Stores . OQ O Stoma . OQ 0-30 -fcS — c. 5 o C Of f 5 02 Ot f O n Stores . § S 6- O o On. Off. On. Off.

10th August, 3806. 80 3 3 1 123 1 20 1 11 S 1 23 1 276 \

INSTRUCTIONS TO CAPTAIN KEAIP.* (Copied from original in the public library, Melbourne.)

21 Aug. Sir, Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, 21st August, 1806. Instructions to The necessity of His Majesty's Servicef requiring my A. F. Kemp as presence for a short time at Port Jackson, the Command of His commandant. Majesty's Settlement at this place will devolve on you in my absence, until the Commands of His Excellency the Governor in Chief are known on the Subject. I have in consequence in­ closed for your rule of Conduct in that interim the Instructions,:): I have myself received from His Excellency, and have directed

Note 293. Note 328. J Note 329. PATERSON TO KEMP. 667 Mr. Riley, the Actg. Deputy Commissary, to furnish you with i.s<)6. Accounts of the whole of the Stores, Provisions, Clothing and 21 Aus- Stock, belonging to the Crown now in his Charge in the Colony, instructions to Should any Vessel arrive in my absence at this Port with eommandantaS Dry Provisions, which I have every reason to expect will be the Case from His Excellency's Communications, you will see the necessity of having purchased at a reasonable price such portion for the supply of His Majesty's Troops, Prisoners, and the Estab­ lishment of the Settlement, as the exigency of the moment may require, taking Care that the proper documents and Vouchers of the same are transmitted to the Governor in Chief. There having been received by the Sophia some Stores for Barter on the-Account of Government, I also enclose for your regulation on that subject the seperate Instructions* of His Ex­ cellency for Constituting a Selling Store; and, trusting much ceconomy will be exercised by you in the distribution of the Stores for the use of Government, as well as those for the accomo­ dation of private Individuals, I have, &c, W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO CAPTAIN KEMP. (Copied from original in the public library, Melbourne.) 1S07 Dear Kemp, Port Jackson, 28th Feby., 1807. 2s Feb. Mrs. P. has written to Mrs. Kemp and has said everything which is necessary, except that of my apprising you that Mr. c. Grimes and Grimes with Mr. Smith, the Acting Assistant Surgeon, will be arrived Port in the Lucy, the latter to remain at Port Dalrymple until His Dalrymple. Majesty's pleasure is known. I therefore wish you to have the brick House, intended for Jones, made as comfortable as possible, as a temporary residence for the Gentlemen during their stay at Port Dalrymple. I have done everything possible to make us as comfortable as the present situation of this Colony can admit of; but, in future, we must trust to our own Industry; give my best wishes to Mrs. and Mr. Riley, and, should the Estremina arrive before me, he must prepare himself for a Budget. Symons Land grants. will explain how far the situations for Grants of Land will be Complied with; mine is rejected. As Capt. Fergussonf is a Stranger to the enterance of Port Dalrymple, I wish you would order a good look out at the Elagstaff, and to have a boat in Look-out at waiting at that place to Pilot us in. I refer you to Symons for flasstafl- all news. I beg my kind regards to Mrs. Kemp, and beg to con­ gratulate both yourself and her on the encrease of your family; apologise for me to Riley for my not writing by this conveyance,

* Note 329. t Note 330. 668 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. as I hope we will soon meet, which will give both Mrs. P. and 28 Feb. myself much pleasure; give my best wishes to them and believe me, Dear Kemp, Yours truly, W. PATERSON. P.S.—I have put of writing to the very last in hopes of arrivals you must therefor excuse this hasty scrawl.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO UNDER SECRETARY SULLIVAN. (A private letter, per schooner Estremina.) 21 April. My dear Sir, Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, 21st April, 1807. Return of After a long stay at Port Jackson, I returned here again W. Paterson to Port Dalrymple to my little charge on the 2nd Inst., and am happy to inform you I found the Colony in a more comfortable state than I had reason to expect, Knowing when I left it that they had not more Pro­ visions than with the utmost ceconomy would last longer than to last Jan'y at farthest; this circumstance occasioned me much uneasiness during my residence at Sydney. I was, however. determined not to quit that place until I received a small Supply, Supply of and, fortunately, by the arrival of the Ship General Welsley provisions. with rice from Prince of Wales's Island, I was furnished with about as much as will last us four months. Settlement From last Jan'y the Colony have existed entirely on the pre­ existing on kangaroo meat. carious chance of the Chase, and Kangaroo was the only food they depended on. In consequence Labour stood still, and the Inhabitants became a set of Wood-Rangers; and I much fear it will be some time before they are brought to the industrious habits which an infant Settlement require; but I am sorry to say, without we are regularly supplied with Provisions and Stores, as well as the means of cultivating our ground, it will be a continual expence to Government, and the People starving one half of the Request for year. I mention this on purpose that our Supplies may be sent supplies direct from England. direct from England, as recommended by our late Governor* as the intercourse with Port Jackson is very uncertain at least for six months in the year, and the scanty Supplies of everything we receive from that quarter are very inadequate to the comforts of the few I have with me. I, therefore, hope that you and every person Interested in our prosperity will impress on the minds of those who may be at the head of affairs for the Colonies, the urgent necessity of adopting such measures as may enable me to Prosecute with Credit to myself and consequently to the advantage of Government the Interests of this Settlement. Type of settlers With respect to Settlers coming from England to this Country, required. I would recommend only those who are Practical Farmers, and with property to commence their operations in Hushandry with Vigour; such descriptions of people, with common attention,

* Note 331. PATERSON TO SULLIVAN. 669 would soon make themselves very comfortable, and be the means ISOT. of supplying Government with grain as well as animal food; 21APrli- unfortunately, with a very few exceptions, they have been the character reverse. People who had never been accustomed to labour or brought up as Farmers, but in general idle, worthless, characters, who when they have received every indulgence they expect from Government, they abandon their farms and become a burthen on the Public. During my stay at Port Jackson an Insurrection was on the insurrection point of breaking out, and if the principals had not been appre- suppre hended the Consequences must have occasioned much confusion in the Colony; at that time His Excellency the Governor com­ municated with me how far my opinion respecting the defence- Request for less state of the Colony, as well as its dependencies, and requested military force. I would write officially on the Subject; a copy of my letters to him I have the pleasure to enclose, which he has forwarded to the Secretary of State and also to the Commander-in-Chief for their consideration, which I hope will merit their notice. Should such be the case, I beg to solicit your kind Offices on the occasion. After what I wrote in my former letter hy the Alexander (Capt. Brooks), I am sure it is unnecessary to say any more on this head, as I entirely trust to my friends. I have written to my friend, Sir Joseph Banks, on the same subject, and by the same conveyance have informed him of our Discovery of having discovered a passage* by land to Colonel Collins's Settle- toThe'oerTCnt. ment on the Derwent. The journey can be performed with ease infive days ; there is a lakef five miles in circumference about half-way. I have had the Surveyor of Lands:): there, who describes it to be without any line of Demarcation. The Governor has allowed him to accompany me for the Purpose of making a com- survey 0 plete survey of the County of Cornwall; when he has finished I ^f ^^ o£ shall communicate the result of his observations, and if my Cornwall. health permits, I shall have a look at the Lake myself in the course of next Summer, which will enable me to form my own opinion. I mentioned to you in my last letter that I never have had the Financial Smallest advantage arising from my public Situation; perhaps I ^yfpatevson. could not expect it from our late Governor, notwithstanding much profession of friendship, except on a removal of my house and garden at Sydney, which has cost me more than it is worth to keep it in repair, and nothing but a Grant of it will ever pas my expences. In case of any accident happening to myself, Governor Bligh has ordered one Thousand Acres of Land to be Land grant for Granted to Mrs. Paterson§ in this Country; that, with the Grant Mrs-Paterson - of my House in Sydney, if it can be procured, is all I have a

* Note 187. t Note 332. % Note 333. § Note 334. 670 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. prospect of leaving her, and my health is such as not to promise 21 April. long life in this Climate, considering the fatigues I must neces­ Request for sarily undergo. Should it be in your Power to procure me this support. favor, permit me to beg your accustomed friendly assistance, as the accomplishment of the object is of much moment to me, and will add greatly to my Satisfaction in the Event I must now anticipate. I should have written to my friends, Sir John Hipperley and Colonel Fullarton and others; but I hope they will not consider it a neglect, for want of time is really the case, as the Vessel sails to-day; however, I am certain their aid and interest will not be wanting on this occasion, that should an Augmentation take place, I certainly, from my long Services in this Country, have a claim to the command. I must now apologize for this Intrusion, and request my re­ spects to Lady Sullivan and your family, also_ to Sir Richard, General Forbes, etc. Believe me to be, &c, W. PATERSON. [Enclosures.] [Copies of these two letters will be found on pages 119 and 129, volume VI, series I.]

GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) 16 July. Sir, Government House, Sydney, 16th July, 1807. P. Mills to The Settlement under your Command being in want of a be harbour­ Person as Harbour Master and a Deputy Surveyor of Land, and master and dep. surveyor. you having by your Letter to me represented the necessity of such a Person being as soon as possible appointed, I have in con­ sequence sent you by the Estremina a Mr. Peter Mills, who you will please to employ in the duties alluded to; and if, on a Trial of his abilities, you find him to he qualified and that his services will tend to the good of the Public Service, I shall be ready to confirm any order you may think proper to give him. I am, &c, W. BLIGH.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO UNDER-SECRETARY SULLIVAN. (A private letter, per ship Duke of Portland.) 25 Aug. Dear Sir, Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, 25th August, 1807. I did myself the pleasure of writing to you in April last, Development of after my return from Port Jackson. Since that Period I have Lauraston!' been busily employed at the new Settlement (Launceston*), which promises to answer far beyond my most sanguine expectation. The little Wheat I have been able to put into the Ground looks

*Note 335. PATERSON TO SULLIVAN. 671

remarkably well, and, if no unforseen accident happens to it, I iso7. think will produce a plentiful Crop; but we have not more than 25 Aug- fifty acres, which is owing to the want of Labourers—indeed, we Scarcity of are now at a stand, many of the people having served their Terms of Transportation, and those now remaining are in general bad characters or infirm men. In my last Letter I anticipated the evil consequence that was likely to arise from the necessity of making Kangaroo the prin­ cipal part of our animal food, which is now realized; for not less Commencement than ten Prisoners have absconded with their Masters' Dogs, of bushransins- fire-arms, etc., and are living in the woods and Mountains, where (from their Knowledge of the Country) there is little chance of their being apprehended; and it is much to be dreaded that they will become a desperate and dangerous Banditti, so as to en­ danger the Safety of our live Stock, which thrive astonishingly, and, if no accident happens, will become a source of animal food. It is but a few days since that two of these runaways (who Soldiers seized have been absent for sixteen Months) seized on two of the Sol­ diers who were collectingfirewood, tied, and carried them to their Post, robbed them of everything, their arms and ammunition, and effected their escape. These circumstances, I hope, will point out the pressing necessity of our being supplied with every Species of Provision until the Settlement is more independant, which will never be the case unless we can keep the Prisoners at hard labour and properly secured, so as to prevent a chance of their Deserting. Mr. Grimes (the Surveyor-General)- has been indefatigable in Services of his Survey, and when he accomplishes his journey* to the Der­ went, which he is about to undertake (at my request), a great part of the Blank in the Chart of Van Dieman's Land will be fill'd up. The result of his Excursion I shall communicate to you in my next. Governor Bligh has informed me of this Settlement being on Equality with the same Establishment as that of the Derwent, which is a great coiiinS°U Satisfaction to me. I am fully persuaded that my friends were not wanting in their support on the occasion, and I hope my attention to the concerns of this Infant Settlement will not disgrace their recommendations. But I am sorry to say that both Civil, Military, and Prisoners Difficulties of are very inadequate to perform the many duties which I am so a lmnistratl0n anxious to accomplish. I have not the means of holding a Crim­ inal Court, there being no Judge-Advocate, nor a General Court- Martial for want of Officers, and the few Troops I have (from the extent of the Country) are so dispersed for the Protection of Government Property that there are only forty-seven duty men

* Note 333. 672 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. at Head-Quarters, Including Officers, and the total number of 2oAug. Convicts are only ninety-four, which, when divided at the dif- Difflcuities of ferent Ports and Settlements, leaves two Labourers for Agri­ culture. I have been particular in stating this that the Public may not he deceived, or expect much to be accomplished here. Under these disadvantages, this Settlement is and has been situated nearly for these last three years; and the few People we have had, from our first Settling, have been more than half the time upon a very reduced Ration, and almost without Cloth­ ing. All I can say further on this subject is, I look forward for some change which may enable me to prosecute with Vigour the Interest of Government which I have so much at heart. I have now to apologize for this long detail and hope you will honor me with a continuation of your friendly Correspondence; and, as I have mentioned in my former letters, what this Country produces, it is only to ask and to have. I beg my respects to your family; Sir Rich'd, the General; my friend Col. Fullarton, I observe by the News Papers, is so employed with the Lawyers, that I begin to despair of hearing from him, although I have wrote frequently; to him and Sir Jno. Hipperly, I beg to be kindly remembered. When Mr. Grimes returns from the Der­ went, I shall do myself the pleasure of writing to both. I am, &c, WM. PATERSON.

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO RIGHT HON. WILLIAM WINDHAM. (Despatch per ship Duke of Portland.) Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, 29 Aug. Sir, 29th August, 1807. Bills drawn Having been directed by His Excellency Governor Bligh provisions11 °f to draw on tne Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury for such Expences as I may have unavoidably to incur for the maintenance of His Majesty's Settlement under my command at this place, I have the Honor to acquaint you that 1 have ordered the Acting Deputy Commissary to draw Bills on their Board for the Sum of £2,114 4s. lid., being for Kangaroo, Swine's Flesh and Potatoes, purchased for the actual Sustenance of the Troops and Convicts in the Colony, having been neces­ sitated to Issue this food in lieu of the ordinary Ration of Salt Pork and Grain, the same having been received in the preceding twelve months ending June 30th, for which he has transmitted the proper Vouchers. I should at the same time observe that, had it not been for the fortunate means presenting itself of Supporting the PATERSON TO WINDHAM. 673

Establishment, the whole Settlement must have perished; but such 1807. was the Slaughter of the Kangaroo necessary actually to preserve 29 Aug' the lives of the People, that the difficulty of procuring them in Difficulty in Sufficient quantities became gradually So much greater, and they kangaroo meat. were daily driven to such increasing distances from our Camps, adding to its unfortunately happening that the greatest want occurred in the heat of the Summer, which usually increases the difficulty of procuring the animal, that Is. 6d. per lb. was at last price paid. necessary to be given for such as could be tendered for Issue; but, as Supply of Provisions arrived in April, I have, although not capable with propriety of entirely giving up this Source of contributing to our quantity of meat, been enabled, from our lesser portion required, to procure it as it is now the opposite Season at 7d. per lb. I have also directed him to draw on their Lordships a Bill of Bill drawn £50 under the following circumstances. His late Excellency \°? House." Governor King appointed three Superintendants to the Settle­ ment from the 13th February, 1805, one of whom, a Mr. William House, received a Salary of £50 per annum to the 12th August, 1806, for performing the Duty of Harbour Master. In February, 1807, the Settlement having expended the whole of their Pro­ visions and the entire Establishment being reduced to live on the precarious Supply procured by Hunting, this unfortunate Loss of man was despatched in a long Boat with four hands, in hopes as voyagTto a last resource he might arrive at Port Jackson to acquaint the Sydney- Governor in Chief of the reduced state of the Colony; but he has never since been heard of, and although he may yet he living on Some of the Islands of the Streights, his family consisting of a woman and three young children are in consequence destitute from the circumstance of only two Superintendants appearing on the Estimate of the Establishment of the Colony, by which they cannot receive in this Country the pay attached by the late Governor to the Situation. As he, however, performed that Duty Seven Months before he Sailed, and although it is but too probable he has lost his life in the arduous attempt, yet it is very possible he may be living; and I have therefore, from the peculiar and melancholy event for his family, ordered a Bill for one Year's Salary to be conditionally drawn on their Lordships, Subject to their approval, and have directed his name at the end of the year, for which the Bill is drawn, to be erased from the Service of the Settlement as Dead. Hoping what I have done will not meet your disapprobation. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON.

SEE. III. VOL. 1—2 U 674 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. [Enclosure No. 1.] 29 Aug. A LIST of Bills of Exchange, drawn on His Majesty's Treasury Return of by Acting Deputy Commissary Riley, the 24th day of bills drawn. August, 1807. Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land.

Run­ ning. 285 5 6 Being payment 1 At 90 da3s' sight in favor of Robert Campbell Esq 131 12 0 for Kangaroo 2 Mr. Hugh Piper 123 18 0 flesh, Swine's 3 Mr. Jacob Mountgarrett 699 6 0: flesh and po­ 4 Robert Campbell Esq.. 250 5 3 tatoes, issued 5 Mr. Hugh Piper 342 2 0 in lieu of usual 6 Mr. Jacob Mountgarrett 92 15 0 ration to the 7 Mr. James Brumby .. A F Kemp Esq 189 1 2 30thJune,1807. 2,114 4 11 Set of Bills drawn on August 28th. 1807. At! ) days' sight in favor of Mr. Simeon Lord— 50 0 0 Being condi- tionally drawn 2,164 4 11 for Salary of HarbourMaster, ALEXR. RILEY, Actg. Depy. Commissary.

[Enclosure No. 2.]

ORDER BY LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO A. RILEY. Yorkton, 25th August, 1807. Order for MR. W. HOUSE, appointed by His late Excellency Governor King payment of to do the duty of Superintendant and Harbour Master of this salary of W. House. Settlement with a Salary of £50 p'r Annum, having only received that Sum to the 12th August, 1806, and he having been des­ patched on a Service for the Public Welfare of His Majesty's Settlement, in his attempt to accomplish which there is much reason to fear he has perished, you are hereby directed, as Seven months' pay was due him when he sailed, and as it is possible he may yet be living, to draw a Bill for one Year's Salary on the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, conditionally on their Lordships' approval of the same, for the benefit of his un­ fortunate family, taking his Agent's receipt for the same. And you will at the expiration of the year, for which this Salary is drawn, erase his name from the Service of the Colony as sup­ posed to be dead. WM. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. 29th August, 1807. [A copy of this despatch, acknowledged by Governor Bligh, 27th September, 1807, is not available.] BLIGH TO PATERSON. 675 GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 1807. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) 27 Sept- Government House, Sydney, New South Wales, Sir, 27th Septr., 1807. I have now to reply to your Despatches of the 29th August Despatches last, in which I have to notice the want of a General Statement acknowledged. of the Settlement, one of the most material Papers. You will in future send it to me quarterly, or as near to that period as opportunity will enable you to do. With regard to Provisions, I understand that all supplies will instructions be sent to this Place from England, and shall adopt the means re provisions. I have to keep you on a par with ourselves. The issues are to be according to the Scheme* you have received from me, which Government authorizes, and you are fully to comprehend that Meat of any kind, Salt or Fresh, is never to be substituted in Issues for dry Provisions: Salt Beef and Pork must be issued as such. Kangaroo Flesh, not exceeding Seven Pence Pr. Pound, is only to be issued for Beef pound for pound; or seven pounds of it. for four pounds of Salt Pork, but never otherwise, as it is only intended to save the salt Provisions when there is a necessity so to do. One pound of Kangaroo is equal to four pounds of Maize, whereas you issue three Pounds and an half for five pounds, whereby Government sustains a loss of One Shilling and four pence pr. Week on each Ration, valuing the Maize at Eight Shillings p. Bushell of fifty six Pounds. I have only farther to direct that all salt Provisions, which may be condemned by Survey, are to be returned by the first Govern­ ment Vessel here, to be disposed of for the benefit of Govern­ ment except such part as you may seefit to keep for the use of the Settlement; as we calculated on the 12th instant that the Salt Provisions, both here and at all the Settlements, would not last longer than forty two Weeks at full Ration, this, together with the great number of Persons expected to arrive and the numbers, who must be put on the Stores in consequence of the evacuation of Norfolk Island, proves the necessity of the greatest precautions to avoid want, and our mutual exertions in Agri­ culture must supply any deficiency in Grain by raising Potatoes, Beans and Peas. In reply to your third Paragraph and others, I have to say Development Government thought proper to Settle Port Dalrymple, and I will o£ settlement- support it to the utmost of my power. It was only to be con­ sidered a Dependency on this Colony, to be nurtured and brought forward to enjoy every comfort and affluence which time and circumstances might produce. From yourself and others it has been described as a fine Country, and under such a propitious

•Note 336. 676 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1807. Omen we have a right to Hope that, although certain Crops may 27 Sept. fail by causes which we cannot avert, yet they will not generally be defective; on the Contrary we are to expect returns in due time for all the exertions and Industry we use; and I must here observe that labour is not so excessive in clearing and culti­ Settlements to vating Land as in this part of the Colony. Port Dalrymple and be maintained from Sydney. the Derwent I trust will produce all the necessaries of life pro­ portionate to their means; but, lest that may not for some time be the case, it has been wisely ordered that all their wants should be furnished from hence to the utmost of our Power and Ability. Under these considerations, I am sure you will see the necessity of great exertion in this principal part of the Colony, and con­ sider that, with respect to Prisoner Servants of the Crown, they are falling off in numbers proportionally as with you by their Discontent at times of servitude being at an end. Yon observe that a Species Port Dalrymple. of discontent pervades the Settlement; this I trust will wear away now you have a fixed Establishment, under which I must recommend you to concentre as much as possible the Agricul­ turists and others, with the utmost persuasion they will par­ ticipate in the benefits you may have it in your power to bestow. Headquarters at It has been to me a very great surprise to find Port Dalrymple Port Dalrymple. without a permanent Head Quarters, to which I attirbute most of the Evils you complain of. This obpect requires to be ascer­ tained thefirst o f all others, and to effect it I send the Surveyor General under your Orders that I might have reports thereon, which you state are not yet ready. When I receive them, I shall be able to enter fully on the subject; in the mean time, however, it is proper to observe that Port Dalrymple at present is only to be one Settlement, and not two; any Establishment from Head Quarters I presume must only be as an Out-Post on account of Shipping to discharge at, because Head Quarters is not con­ venient; but, if Head Quarters are fixed where Shipping can discharge, it will be certainly preferable. Division I now beg to draw your attention to the division of the Persons of convicts. under your controul, which you have sent me:—forty two are at Yorkton and fifty four at Launceston; evidently therefore the advantage is so great that they should be united as much as possible, I rest confident you will be adopting the means without delay. Bushrangers to With regard to the Prisoners deserting and becoming Bush be suppressed. Rangers, and Committing desperate Acts, we can only act against them hy Vigilance and the Laws. Since the Colony began, these circumstances have frequently taken place; and I am sorry to say the Guard at Green Island should have been more cautious. Arms and Ammunition are of serious consequence to lose, and, BLIGH TO PATERSON. 677 as Green Island is so much out of the protection of Yorkton, the isor. Post there should be strengthened or removed; this likewise 2:sept - proves the impolicy of your People being so seperated from each other; and from all the information I can get, Outer-Cove seems Outpostfor to be the onlyfit plac e for Shipping. shipping. It is to be observed too that, in Concentring the People, the Establishment fewer Inferior Officers will be necessary, and no deviation from f^'/ased the Establishment will in consequence take place, and which I am warned in admitting but through Colonial Means where it is absolutely necessary; and this, you will be led to consider more particularly from the Secretary of State's orders,* which I send you, respecting the evacuation of Norfolk Island, and adds still farther to the arduous duties I have to perform. I have given your demands to the Commissary to comply with Demand? a( e as far as can he done. Harness for Bullocks we are doing away ™ p atJr50n and work them with Yokes. Coopers we have none, while it is reported you have one of the best in the Colony. I observe in your list of Persons in Yorkton Edward Riley, the E. Riley. late Coxwain. This Man is here and has no Claims on Govern­ ment that I know of; had he any, he should have closed them before he left Port Dalrymple. Under every consideration, I regret your sending Captain Kemp up until he could be relieved; Major Johnston has stated to me that it cannot he done, and in consequence he is obliged A. F. Kemp to return. He must write home for leave of absence under your t0 return- Approbation, and I will transmit his letter; and this mode must be adopted by all Officers who desire leave to return to England. My Letter of the 16th July mentions this circumstance with respect to the Civil Officers. Ensigns Mason and Masters will Officers proceed by this conveyance to relieve Lieutenants Moore and relieved- Laycock. Captain Kemp shall be relieved, as soon as the Service will allow. In consequence of your request, I now transmit you Authority Courts martial. to hold Courts Martial. With respect to a Harbour Master at Port Dalrymple, I have Harbour-master to observe, it is the only situation which from locality we may be t0 be aPP°inted- authorised to appoint in deviation of the general Establishment; and, as there was one in Governor King's time, I presume no objection will be made to their being one Continued in lieu of Mr. House, who is supposed to be lost at Sea when on public Service, at Fifty Pounds a Year as a Salary. As to the diffi­ culties (respecting the Harbour) to Shipping, these must be got the better of by Application and placing such Buoys or Beacons as are necessary. I see no difficulty in doing what may be

* Note 337. 678 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA

1807. required, which must rest with whoever you employ, and not on 27 Sept. me who is so far removed. I recommend, however, to you to Boats to be build Boats for this purpose, for, as we have lost one with four built. Men by accident, I have not any to send you at this time; or can I find any person to send down to you who will do the duty of Harbour Master. Such Persons, as you have requested may be sent to assist the Settlement, I have directed to be got, if pos­ sible, and of whom you will receive a List. The Map of the Harbour is returned to you. Schooner We may be prevented from sending the Estrimina speedily to Estremina to return you again, but this will depend on what I may be informed of promptly. respecting Norfolk Island (the Lady Nelson having been sent thither); if it can be done, she shall return without loss of time; and here I must particularly desire she may not be de­ tained at Port Dalrymple, as she was in her last trip, one Month according to the Master's report in his Journal. Land grants You have sent me a Memorandum of three hundred Acres of proposed. Land to be granted* to Captn. Kemp. I cannot comprehend this, as I only granted him two Hundred Acres on account of his services, and you have been informed that I cannot mix any concerns of Governor King's with my public transactions. You have also sent me a description of One hundred Acres of Land for a Mr. James Hill,* of whom I know nothing. Establishment Referring to my Inclosure No. 1, I herewith transmit for your at Norfolk island. farther guidance a Statement of the Establishment at Norfolk Island. Cargo per The Provisions and Stores Shipped on board the Estrimina schooner _ Estremina. amounting to £210 13s. 4d., You will receive an Invoice of from Mr. Commissary Palmer. Inclosed is a list of Nine Men and Three Women Prisoners, who are sent by this opportunity. I am, &c, WM. BLIGH. 3rd October, 1807. Leave of CAPTAIN KEMP complaining of extreme ill health, and it appear­ absence for ing by your letter and leave to him that you will not be under A. F. Kemp. any difficulty on account of his absence, I have thought proper to Direct that he shall remain at Head Quarters. Another Officer shall be sent hy thefirst Opportunity , according to your request, as soon as he arrives from England. WM. BLIGH. [Enclosures.] [Copies of these papers are not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. 18 Nov. 18th November, 1807. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

* Note 338. PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. ' 679

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. ISOS. (Despatch per brig Harrington.) 25 JaD- Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 25th January, 1808. I have the Honor to acquaint your Lordship that I have Bills drawn this day directed the Acting Deputy Commissary of this Estab- on treasury- lishment to draw on the Right Honorable the Lords Commis­ sioners of His Majesty's Treasury for the Sum of £262 13s. Id., for the disbursement of which Sum he has transmitted the proper Vouchers, £105 14s. 7d. being for the payment of 3,625 lbs. of Kangaroo Flesh received into His Majesty's Stores in the last Quarter, previous to the purchase I was enabled to make of Some Salt Beef and Pork from. the Ship City of Edinburgh, as I apprized your Lordship in my letter of November 18th, £60 of the same for a Boat and some Lamp Oil, I have been necessitated to have bought to supply the indispensable wants of the Settle­ ment, and the remaining Sum of £126 18s. 6d. is for the payment of Sundry Mechanics and others, whose labour from the very few Prisoners I have at any time had under my Command, and from the numerous objects I have had to accomplish, I have been unavoidably obliged to hire at different times Since our landing to complete many Public Works absolutely requisite in the formation of the Settlement. I have, &c, W. PATERSON.

MAJOR JOHNSTON TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 2nd February, 1808. 2 Feb. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per brig Harrington.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 12th March, 1808. 12 March. I have the honor to inform your Lordship of having Rebellion received a Despatch, dated the 2nd Ulto., from Major Johnston, ^Bilgh. the Officer I left at Sydney in the Charge of the Regiment I have the Honor to Command in New South Wales, when directed by the late Governor King to proceed to form this Settlement, stating to me that he has judged it necessary to put His Excel­ lency Governor Bligh under arrest,* to annul the power His Majesty has vested in him, to make an entire change in the Government of the Territory, and to himself assume the Com­ mand. * Note 190. 680 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA

1808. Distant as I am from the Scene of the events that have taken 12 March. place, and unacquainted with their immediate causes, I cannot venture to offer an opinion on their serious nature. Necessity for I feel, however, that great and imperious duties immediately W. Paterson to proceed to devolve on me, and that I shall not be justified to His Majesty, Sydney. or discharge the duty I owe him, unless, from the calls and Pre­ rogatives of my Superior Civil and Military Rank, I instantly repair to Port Jackson, however arduous and critical the Task before me must be of taking the command under the particular circumstances that have occasioned it; but I am sensible how much I should expose my conduct to reprehension, of the injury I should do the Service in general, and of the impropriety I should com­ mit of quietly remaining here, in the direction of only a single company of the Regiment I command, and of absolutely only 100 prisoners, while the whole of His Majesty's important Terri­ tories in this part of the world, in a moment of the utmost conse­ quence to their future welfare, are in the charge of a Junior Officer. I have, therefore, the Honor to inform your Lordship that I should have returned to Head Quarters by the Vessel that has brought me the Intelligence, but that her size, being only a small Oiling Orders sent to Sloop*, prevents it. I have,however, forwarded by her the enclosed G. Johnston. letter to Major Johnston, which I doubt not but he would pay im­ mediate attention to, and I shall on my arrival directly acquaint your Lordship, for the information of His Majesty, of the Same. I have further to acquaint Your Lordship that, as far as the means afforded me have enabled, this Settlement is successfully Returns established; that its Stock, of which I enclose a Return (with a transmitted. Statement of the Inhabitants), thrive in the most rapid manner; and that the produce of the Harvest this season offers the greatest encouragement to the Cultivators. I shall, therefore, leave it in the hands of a trusty Officer, so arranged that the objects of His Majesty's Government in forming it can be realized when I receive any further Instructions. I have every reason to hope and to be assured that His Majesty will be graciously pleased to approve the Step I am taking, to which I have only to add I am impelled by a Sense of its being immediately my absolute duty. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. Lieut.-Gov'r of His Majesty's Territories in New South Wales by H.M. Commission of 1801, and Lt.-Col. Commanding NewSouth Wales Corps. r [Enclosure ]No. 1.] [This despatch will be found on page 683.] [Enclosure No. 2.] [A copy of this return is not available.]

* Note 339. PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. 681

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-JOUJ9AOO -qnoiq i-H 682 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1808. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. 12March- (Despatch per brig Harrington.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 12th March, 1808. I have the Honor to enclose you a Copy of my last letter from this place dated Jany. 25th, and of informing your Lord­ ship that having seen it would become advantageous to the Purchase of Government of this Settlement to possess a Flock of Goats, they Government hitherto not having had any, I have purchased 89 at prices that are moderate from the value of Stock in this part of the World; by which I shall be enabled to offer encouragement to those Settlers who may prefer them to Sheep, and, from the very rapid increase here of this animal, I shall also by their means be enabled to make a Saving to Government by soon having a supply of Cheap Fresh food to the Hospital to do away all neces­ sity of taking any Kangaroo Flesh, the consequences of which Bills drawn ' we have so much to lament. I have directed the Deputy Com- on treasury. missary to draw on the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury for £237 10s., being payment for them at an average of £2 13s, per head, the Voucher for which he has transmitted. Public accounts I have also the honor to inform your Lordship that the Deputy Commissary of the Establishment has this day forwarded the Comptrollers of the Army accounts, agreeable to their Instruc­ tions, the whole of the public Accounts of this Colony from our landing in November, 1804, to December, 1807; and I beg to assure your Lordship I have exercised the utmost economy in the different expenditures that have from time to time taken place in the Provisions, Slops and Stores, to further the many objects I have under the greatest disadvantages had to accomplish; for I have at all times from my landing had a strength so utterly inadeqaute to the wants of a new Colony that it has only been by rewarding those of the few prisoners with me, who could or would labor double their regularly appointed hours, with a Small quantity of Extra provisions, Slops and a trifling encouragement of Spirits in the inclemency of weather, that I have been enabled to make any progress. I have, &c., W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY. (Despatch per brig Harrington; acknowledged by the honourable William Pole, loth September, 1808.) 12th March, 1808. [A copy of this despatch is not available.] PATERSON TO JOHNSTON. 683

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO MAJOR JOHNSTON. ISOS. (Despatch per brig Harrington; acknowledged by major Johnston, 12 March. 18th April, 1808.) Sir, Port Dalrymple, 12th March, 1808. I have to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch of the Despatch 2nd Ulto., acquainting me with the change you state you have con- acknowledged. ceived it necessary to make in the Government at Port Jackson. Eemoved from the possibility of being able to offer an opinion Opinion or judge of the momentous event you relate, I can only express inspection. my hope that the steps you have subsequently taken, and are now pursuing, may prove for the benefit of His Majesty's Service ; and I have only to add that, however I would wish to avoid the necessity Decision to such unforeseen causes peremptorily impose, there remains to me proceed to no conduct to pursue but the one I have explained to His Majesty's 3 Minister, in my dispatch to him of this date, it is my intention to adopt,for my perseverance in which I consider my future Character, and the enjoyment of His -Majesty's countenance, at stake. I therefore have to beg you will, as immediately as possible, Vessel to cause to be despatched to me a Vessel of sufficient capacity to conveyance oi convey himself and Family to the Head Quarters of the Regi- ^"- Paterson. ment I have the honor to Command in New South Wales, and of the Government of these His Majesty's Territories, which I should particularly wish to be His Majesty's Ship the Porpoise; but, if circumstances absolutely prevent her coming, I would wish to have chartered any Vessel adapted that may be or should arrive in the Harbour, for the payment of which I will draw Bills on the Treasury. By the opportunity of the Vessel you may send for the pur- Supplies, pose I point out, such supplies as are immediately wanted for the ™nvfcts a" use of this Settlement as can be conveyed, which I would recom- required. mend you to give directions should be the case, more particularly clothing, about three months dry provisions, for 250 Rations, an augmentation to the detachment, and a small addition to the number of prisoners. I mention these, as another means may not present itself before the expiration of the Winter. I have enclosed a letter to Captain Symons, should you judge such necessary to send him. I think it necessary to further state that I do not at present Decision purpose making any particular, change in the arrangement you '°sj^tions have formed at Sydney nntil I may hear from His Majesty's from England. Ministers. I am, &c, W. PATERSON. P.S.—I have omitted to state that I have acquainted the Duke of York of my intentions, enclosing His Royal Highness a copy of my Dispatch to yourself and to the Minister. 684 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1808. I have further omitted to state that, although from the experi­ ence I have myself hitherto had of your public conduct, I have Provision for not any reason to suppose you will neglect to fulfil my requisition of G' Johnston6 °f immediately despatching a Vessel; yet, as I conceive I shall be with orders. unable to justify myself to the Crown if I neglect to provide against all possibilities of a prevention of my taking the Com­ mand at Sydney, I have directed my Agent at Port Jackson, in the event of your not forwarding me a conveyance within one month from your receipt of my present dispatch, to take up, at the expence of the Crown, any vessel he can procure; and should no arrival capable of transporting me hence take place in three months from this date, A shall, concluding I am not to expect one from Port Jackson, despatch an officer to the Settlement at the Derwent, to charter round thefirst ship, in the name of His Majesty, that may come in.—W.P.

[Enclosure.]' [A copy of this letter is not, available.'] .

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, i April. My Lord, 4th April, 1808. Appointment of I have the honour to inform your Lordship that there not anTsurveyor.n being any Assistant Surgeon or Surveyor in the Settlement, and the Colony being in much want of such Officers, I was necessi­ tated on the 1st of April, 1807, to appoint Mr. J. Smith to per­ form the former duty, and on the 1st August Mr. Peter Mills to fulfil the latter, of which agreeable, to his Instructions, I in­ formed the late Governor Bligh. As their conduct merits my approbation, I shall, be happy if their nomination is confirmed, and I enclose a Copy of the Certificate of Mr. Smith having been determined capable of discharging the duties of his pro­ fession. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] [A copy of this certificate is not available.]

MAJOR JOHNSTON TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise; acknowledged by lieutenant-governor Paterson, 14th Mav, 1808.) is April. 18th April, 1808. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 68k, volume VI, series I.] PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. 685

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. ISOS. (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise.) 7 May- Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 7th May, 1808. I have the honor to apprize your Lordship of having Bills drawn directed the Deputy Commissary to this day draw on the Right p"^™^ ° Honorable the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury for the Sum of £227 7s., being payment for wheat and potatoes received into His Majesty's Stores to victual this Establishment, and for a Small quantity of Kangaroo flesh purchased for the use of the Hospital, for which he has transmitted the proper Vouchers. Notwithstanding the cultivators had been the preceding Supplies • Season discouraged from making any further attempt in Tillage, pUfchased from so disastrous a Season that their produce did not average from farmers. five bushels per acre, and from this Small quantity being, on account of the public distress of the Settlement, unavoidably taken from them at a price far under that which they could have attained from Private Market, it gives me pleasure to inform your Lordship that by a repetition of Exertion very favorable crops have been this year obtained from the Same farms; and, taking into consideration their previous year's loss and the in­ jury they had Suffered by their Grain being taken from them, to offer inducement for as much as possible of the produce being tendered the Stores in preference to being Sold to Individuals, and to encourage further perseverance in those efforts by which the Colony can alone prosper, I have directed £1 Is. p'r bushel to be offered this Season for the Same; by which I have succeeded in obtaining nearly the whole Quantity raised, and with the Supplies I have received from Sydney and a Small quantity of Eice I have directed to be purchased, I am happy to add we have now in the Colony twelve months' Provisions for my present Small Numbers, thus placing at a distance all fear of a recur­ rence of the dreadful distress the whole Settlement experienced last year by having expended their last week's small pittance of food, and, from an apprehension of which, all Persons who have been enabled have left it. I have likewise to inform your Lordship that two Prisoners, Murders and John Brown and Richard-Lemon, who found means two years bushrangers. since to escape from the Farms, on which they were working, having Since that period Subsisted in the Woods, committing from time to time the most violent depredations, and having horridly murdered four men, viz. Corporal John Curry, private D. Grindlestone and Private Daniels of the New South Wales Corps, and R. Scandon, a Prisoner, by which atrocities they 686 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. became so universally a dread to the Settlement, as well as that ' May- on the River Derwent, that I found it absolutely necessary from several parties I had sent after them having failed, although out for a month or six weeks at a time, and from the necessity of no Reward paid for means being left untried to secure them, to offer a Reward from bushrangers!10 Government of £50 for their apprehension, to induce a further Trial; and I was gratified to find that Shortly after a Settler and two free men from the River Derwent succeeded at the risk of their lives in taking John Brown and Shooting Richard Lemon; and I have in consequence directed this Sum to be drawn for, with also the Sum of £20, being payment for a boat for the use of the Establishment, for which the Deputy Commissary has transmitted the proper Vouchers. I am, &c., W. PATERSON.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO MAJOR JOHNSTON. 14 May. Port Dalrymple, 14th May, 1808. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 635, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per brig Favourite.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, 1 June. My Lord, 1st June, 1808. Purchase of I have the honor of informing your Lordship that an stores and provisions opportunity having occurred of purchasing a very small supply from brig of Sugar, blankets and Shirting for the prisoners with four bolts Favourite. of canvas, of all which Articles the Colony were entirely desti­ tute, and suffering so much for the want of, that I conceived I should be culpable in not embracing the means presented by the arrival in this Port, of the Brig Favorite from Bengal, as the prices were under those at which I could have obtained them at Port Jackson. The Vessel having on board likewise Some Salt meat cured in Bengal in the English Method, I judged it would be prudent, from the Calamity which has been experienced in this Settlement, to take the Small quantity of Ten Casks of Pork and the Same • number of Beef to ascertain how far it might be safe in case of a recurrence of the Evil that will never be effaced from the memory of the Inhabitants to purchase larger Supplies should any so offer from the same part of the world at the time it may be wanted, no experience of the period the meat so Salted would Keep having yet been obtained by us, and which I have for the above reasons seen it might be of moment to be aware of. In PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. 687 the above purchase amounting to £620, I have directed the isos. Deputy Commissary to draw on the Right Honorable the Lords 1 Jl,ne- Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury and to transmit the proper Vouchers. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land. BILL of Exchange drawn on the Treasury By Mr. Acting Deputy Bin draw. in payment. Commissary Riley, this 1st of June, 1808. •-j s1 f" At Ninety Days Sight in favor of David Dundas,~| 0 '3 J Esqr., Being Payment for Salt Meat, Sugar, I § § I Blanketting, Shirting and Canvas, Purchased for the ( *«-'0

GOVERNOR BLIGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per schooner Estremina; acknowledged by lieutenant- governor Paterson, 29th September, 1808.) 8th August, 1808. 8 Aug. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 601, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUT.-COLONEL FOVEAUX TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per schooner Estremina; acknowledged by lieutenant- governor Paterson, 29th September, 1808.) 16th August, 1808. ie Aug. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 632, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 10th Sepr., 1808. 10 Sept. I have the honor of informing Tour Lordship that the Purchase of Brig Perseverance having arrived in this Port from China in Perseverance5 March last, belonging to Messrs. Campbell and Co. of Sydney, and the Master having tendered for the use of the Colony 200 bags of Rice at 3d. per lb., I conceived it for the interest of Government to purchase the same, as it will save the expence of transhipping it from Port Jackson, and as 1 lb. of Rice is Issued in lieu of 1J lb. of wheat, the price becomes much lower than this Grain could be purchased here or received from Sydney, being adequate to lis. 6d. per Bushel. The Prisoners being then also in the most pitiable and miser­ able Situation for Cloathing, having had only one shirt and Trowsers each for Fifteen months, from which the greater part 688 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1808. of them were absolutely half naked, notwithstanding I had repre­ 10 Sept. sented their Situation to the Governor in Chief, I saw it abso­ Purchase of lutely necessary from principles of common humanity from the nankeen for clothing. representation of the Surgeon and my own conviction of the Steps being indespensable to prevent the greater part of them being laid up in the Hospital at the Commencement of the in­ clemency of our Winter Season, to purchase Sufficient nankeen (there being no other article to be procured) to make each of the unfortunate men one Frock and one pair of Trowsers, being 200 Pieces, for which with the amount of the Rice, making in the whole £487 10s., I have directed the Deputy Commissary to draw bills on the Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, he having transmitted their Board the proper vouchers for the Same. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON.

THE HON. WILLIAM POLE TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Despatch per ship Experiment.) 15 Sept. Sir, 15th Septr., 1808. Despatch I have received your letter of the 12th of March last, in­ acknowledged. closing a Copy of one which you had written to the Commanding Officer of the Porpoise; and I have laid the same before my L'ds Comm'rs of the Admiralty. I am, &c, W. W. POLE.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, 19 Sept. My Lord, 19th September, 1808. Despatch Having by an overland Dispatch from Lieut't-Governor transmitted via Hobart. Collins from the Settlement at the River Derwent on this Island learnt that an opportunity presents itself for communicating with your Lordship, I haste to embrace it, and to inform you of the reasons of my dispatch being still dated from Van Die- man's Land. Intention to I had the Honor of apprizing Your Lordship on the 12th take command March of the intention I had formed, consequent on the extra­ at Sydney. ordinary events that had happened at Port Jackson, of proceeding as immediately as a conveyance could be procured to Sydney to take upon me the Duties of the Command of the Territory until I should have your directions for my further guidance. Reported Feeling I had no option left as to the line, of Conduct the sense appointment of of my duty thus pointed out to me to be pursued, I was most con­ J. Foveaux. siderably surprized at receiving by His Majesty's Ship Porpoise in April an intimation* from Major Johnston (a copy of which Dispatch I have enclosed) that I was superceded as the

* Note 340. PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. 689

Lieutenant-Governor of the Territory, and that Lieutenant- 1808. Colonel Foveaux, my junior Officer, was appointed to the Situa- 19Se P'- tion that must render me Subject to his Command. I must assure your Lordship that I felt inexpressible anxiety Decision to at the Supposition of the possibility of my being placed' in so oTj.^velui particular a situation; but, however unprecedented it might appear, I at the same moment saw I had but to conform to the Will of our Gracious Sovereign, whatever might be his pleasure, or however little I was able to account for the cause; and, as it was stated to me that Lieutenant-Colonel Foveaux was hourly expected, I conceived, at all events, I had better protract my Voyage until his appearance should determine the nature of his Commission, as the Colony had been already too much convulsed not to induce me to avoid any possible means of increasing its confusion. The arrival of this Officer confirms the opinion I had formed Transmission of of the necessity of my repairing to the Head Quarters. His corresP°ndence. letter announcing to me the state in which he found the Public Affairs I have the honor to forward, and with my Answer, at the same time thefirst communicatio n I have received from Captain Bligh since the annulment of that officer's authority, of my reply to which I have also transmitted your Lordship a copy. I feel persuaded your Lordship will see the difficulties with Difficulties which I am surrounded, and if in any step I should take I should exPeneneed- be considered to have judged improperly, the perplexity previous to my .hearing from Your Lordship of my means of forming a conclusion in the circumstances that must follow such an Occur­ rence will, I trust, have effect in my extenuation. Until I am honored with a knowledge of the pleasure of His Majesty, I have only further to assure your Lordship that I shall observe the necessity of acting with extreme caution, but that I shall, at the same time, anxiously exert myself with the most sincere intention of supporting and furthering the welfare of the Territory so particularly left to my Command with the interests of which a Residence of Seventeen years, conjoined to having a greater part of that time fulfilled in it the duty of Lieutenant- Governor, has materially acquainted me, and from which I am the more induced to entertain a hope of the measures I may find necessary to adopt in its temporary direction coinciding with your Lordship's wishes. I have, &c, WM PATERSON [Enclosures Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.] [These despatches were dated 18th April, 16th August, 29th September, 8th August, and 29th September; copies will be found on pages 68k, 632, 69k, 601, and 679, volume VI, series I.]

SER. III. VOL. 1—2 X 690 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1808. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. 24 Sept. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My,Lord, 24th September, 1808. Purchase of I have the honor of informing your Lordship that the Ship salvage from Hebe from Madras, loaded with Indian Goods for Port Jackson. ship Hebe. having been wrecked on a Shoal of Rocks near the Mouth of this Harbour, an opportunity has occurred from the unfortunate loss of the Vessel rendering a Sale immediately necessary of. such small part of the property as could he saved, of my pur­ chasing afine Lon g Boat with its Cable and anchor for the use of the Settlement, and which from the circumstance of having to transport all our Stores and provisions Forty Miles higher up the River than Vessels of burthen anchor, will prove of the ut­ most Service to the Colony Saving much Expence, loss and labour of prisoners; and it has been so much wanted that I could not in Justice to the Interests of Government allow it at so reasonable a Sum to pass into private hands. I have, &c, WM. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land. Bill drawn BILL of Exchange drawn on the Treasury by Mr. Acting Deputy on treasury. Commissary Riley, this 24th September, 180S. bo g r At Ninety days Sight in favour of Mr. Joseph") 0 0 '3 ) Leigh, being payment for a Long Boat, Cab'.e, and > £68 (_ Anchor purchased for the use of the Colony. j 21 ALEX. RILEY, Actg. Dy. Commissary.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO GOVERNOR BLIGH. 29 Sept. 29th September, 1808. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 679, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO LIEUT.-COLONEL FOVEAUX. (Despatch per schooner Estremina; acknowledged by lieut.-colonel Poveaux, 27th October, 1808.) 29th September, 1S0S. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 69k, volume VI, series I.] PATERSON TO BANKS. 691

COLONEL PATERSON TO SIR JOSEPH BANKS. ISOS. (Despatch per ship Rose.) Launceston, Port Dalrymple, Dear Sir, 29th September, 1808. The unexpected arrival of a Dispatch from Port Jackson affords me an opportunity of writing this letter, which I hope will arrive at Head-Quarters in time to be forwarded to you by the Opinion ship which conveys Governor Bligh, under an arrest for such arrestodf°n crimes as Major Johnston, at the request of the most respectable w. Bligh. inhabitants, and with the advice of his Officers, conceived it necessary to take the steps he has done. As I am, thank God, at such a distance from Port Jackson, I cannot enter into the merit or demerit of such an extraordinary event; but both from my public and private accounts it appears that the Government was in a wretched state from tyrany and oppression (at least, so say they) when the circumstance took place. How far the crimes he is accused with, when investigated by unprejudiced people, will appear, time can only determine; until then I shall be anxious to know the result, which I hope you will be so kind as to com­ municate when it is decided upon. I mentioned to you in my last the friendly manner in which Friendly the Governor, Capt. and Mrs. Putland* behaved to Mrs. Paterson w.eBijghfe * and myself during our stay at Port Jackson, which I shall ever acknowledge, and am sure had he remained in the Government our friendly communications would have continued. It gives me pleasure in informing you that we are all happy here, and the accidental supplies I have received, together with a plentiful harvest, has occasioned a new turn to our prospects; those who were making fortunes (in my absence when at Port Kangaroo Jackson) by putting Kangaroo flesh into store at the enormous a^euRure? price of one shilling and sixpence per pound, when it might have been supplied at seven-pence, That animal food being no longer wanted, they are now turning their attention to cultivation; those very people declared that nothing would grow, and had I not superintended cropping the ground myself there would not have been a bushel of grain grown in the country; everything is now in aflourishing state ; we only want industrious settlers, who know something of farming, and more prisoners to assist them. When I wasfirst sent to take the Command of this settlement instructions a paragraph)- in my Lord Hobart's dispatch to Governor King Hobart^ stated that I was to continue administering the Government of this colony during His Majesty's pleasure, or in case of the absence or demise of the Governor. I certainly should have availed myself of these words in the present instance; hut doubting how far the late circumstance

* Note 341. f Note 342. 692 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1808. which occurred at Port Jackson will be approved of, I do not 29 Sept. conceive myself warrantable to quit this command until I receive His Majesty's instructions on that head. Inability to I am sorry to say that I have made no progress in collecting collect plants. plants, etc., this last year, owing to ill-health and the trouble and anxiety I have had in forwarding the concerns of -Government, without having hardly any assistance, but hope I shall make up for it the ensuing season. Entomological I have made some discovery of fossils in this neighbourhood research. which I -think are curious, also an insect which produces very fine Manna, which has been given as that medicine and proves equally good. It is only found on the narrow-leaved Eucalyptus, where thousands of these insects resort to about the beginning of No­ vember and continue till January in the winged state when they deposit their eggs in the earth and die. I have them now in two stages—one without wings and the other in maturity. - I now only wait to get the larva when I shall send you the whole tolerably complete, with specimens of the tree, etc.; this sachrine substance can be gathered in large quantities; I am certain upwards of twenty pounds might be procured from one tree. By a former conveyance I sent Governor Bligh a specimen of it, which I have no doubt he will take to England. Climates at the In communicating with Col. Collins respecting our different Derwent and climates, I find our summers are much hotter and our winters Port Dalrymple. much colder; in his letter to me, dated the 16th ult., he says the cold weather is already set in; The thermometer, at 2 P.M., was at 62°, and here the same day it was 94° in the shade and 122° in the sun. The difference of our season for sowing is also remark­ able; at the Derwent they begin in February; we seldom sow until May, and continue until October, and some of the best wheat we have was sewn in that month. It will give me much pleasure to hear you are in better health than when I last heard from you. I beg my respects to the ladies, and compliments to all friends. I remain, &c, W. PATERSON. P.S.—Since writing the above I have received a dispatch from Port Jackson, which will require my attendance when a proper conveyance can be procured. I shall not fail in writing you by the earliest opportunity after my arrival.

VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 8 Oct. Downing Street, 8th October, 1808. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 668, volume VI, series I.] PATERSON TO CASTLEREAGH. 693

LlEUT.-COLONEL FOVEAUX TO LlEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 1808. 27 Oct (Despatch marked No. 3, per H.M.S. Porpoise.) 27th October, 1808. [A copy of this despatch will be found on page 697, volume VI, series I.]

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. (Despatch per H.M.S. Porpoise.) Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, My Lord, 2nd December, 1808. 2 Dec. I have the honor of informing you that I have this day payment for s sariat directed the Acting Deputy Commissary to draw on the Right ™™™e s Honorable the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury for the Sum of £1,730 18s. ljd., being payment for the remainder of the Meat, Grain and Potatoes I have been necessitated to purchase this year for the provision of the Colony. Having been from the particular and local Situation of this Appointment of ourmas Settlement, obligated to appoint an officer to take upon him the a*J duty of Harbour Master, who could at the Same time from his storekeepers. Nautical Knowledge Pilot Vessels from the Streights into -the Harbour, and having also been unavoidably obliged to appoint a Person to do the duty of Storekeeper at each of the Settlements formed in the Colony, to each of whom I have affixed as the most moderate Compensation Government can afford them a Salary of £50- P'r Annum, I have directed likewise the Deputy Commissary to draw on their Lordship for the Sum of £204 2s. 3Jd., being the payment from the time of commencing their duty to December 31st ensuing, the Vouchers for which Sums he has transmitted. In closing the money accounts of this Settlement Previous to Economy my leaving it, I beg to assure your Lordship that during the four Practlsed- years of its Establishment and under the most trying circum­ stances, I have been Scrupulously careful not to expend a Shil­ ling that could be possibly avoided without material injury to the Colony. Indeed the very Small Sums that have been drawn for, exclusive of indispensible payments for Provisions, will alone testify this to your Lordship; nor could even those trifling accounts have been referred for liquidation to England, but from the Colony having hitherto from its very infant State been with­ out any internal funds to defray incidental Expenses. I should observe that the arrangements I have been able to make from the progress of the Settlement will now render One Storekeeper only necessary, and that as the Port must in all 694 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1808. probability be visited by more Shipping, they will, by the emolu­ 2 Dec. ments they create to the Situation, do away with the necessity that has existed of attaching Some salary to it in the first instance. I have, &c, W. PATERSON. [Enclosure.] Return of A LIST of Bills of Exchange drawn on the Treasury by Mr. bills drawn. Acting Deputy Commissary Riley this 2nd day of December 1808.

a 3 C 'c2 s £ 1,935 0 4 1 1 ALEXR. RILEY, Actg. Depy. Commissary.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE TREASURY. 2nd December, 1808. [A copy of this despatch is not available.]

CAPTAIN BRABYN* TO LQTUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON.

1809. Launceston, Port Dalrymple, Van Diemen's Land, 18 Feb. Sir, ' 18th February, 1809. I have the Honor to inform you that when I arrived at Launceston, which was on the 26th December, I expected to have found the granary nearly Completed; but the Carpenters had Delay in been standing still for the want of Stuff; notwithstanding my erection of granary. Agreement with Monday he never Cut one inch to this minute; that shuffling fellow, Kirk, is sometimes sick, sometimes well; Lyons the same, Paxman the same; so that the Granary is but just covered in, and not more than i floored. As to my Barrack, I know not when I shall begin it. I have got Wright and Paxman to cut a few days to make a beginning. I shall pay as much as possible of the Expense of my Barracks, and will be glad to take

•Note 343. BRABYN TO PATERSON. 695 Steers to work for it;finding tha t Bricks were much wanted for 1809. many uses, I agreed with Thomas Phillips and Robert Beams to 1S Feb- make me 30,000, for which I am to pay them 6 Ewes, which will Bricks. bring the Bricks very low; with these I must build Chimneys to the Barracks, to my House, etc. I have inclosed the Store with palings, for which I pay in Shirts, Frocks, etc., from the* .... at a good price. I have been obliged to build a new Timber Carriage compleat, Timber for which I paid the Tradesmen for their own time for 7 days carnase- (in which time it was Complete and at work), in things from the Store. Such a Carriage has not been seen at Dalrymple. I have Eight Bullocks at work. I Cut up Leg-Irons to make Chains. I Draught have also put a good Safe behind Government House, which Im- bullocks- proves it much, and I have wrought many hard Hours at it. We have had very dry weather since you left; the whole Prevalence Country has been burn'd up, so that, ride which way I will, I see ° rousht- nothing but burnt grounds and black hushes. I have been under the necessity of dividing Stock with the stock for Settlers, etc., and have given them a Man; they got all the Fe-settlers - males, Government all the Males. Ifind a great inconveniency in keeping their Cows, few as they are. I am sorry to inform you Government has lost 5 head of Losses of Cattle: 1st, a Heifer about 16 Months old in Calving; 2nd, a livestock. Young Bullock stuck in the Chest, and was dead before it was discovered; 3rd, a Blind Old Bengal Cow; 4th, a Calf born blind and never stood; 5th, a Calf born dead; 1 Ewe,' 2 Lambs. I am making a Stock Yard for the breeding Ewes on Mr. stockyard Hill's side. It would be a very good thing for Government if I for ewes- could make a paddock from the Corner of Government Garden Gate to the Corner of the Government Wheat Ground, and from thence to the bite of the River below the Islands. The Cows, the Horses, and your Sheep feeds on that Marsh for these 6 Weeks, and makes but little shew as to the Grass, but they all look Well. As soon as the bricks are Ready I will put afireplace to the improvements Barrack, and board it up to make it Comfortable for the Men, *» barracks. which I am very happy to say behaves very well, ever since I confined Hughes and got up Whittle to do the Duty of Serj't Major, not the smallest Complaint or Murmur. On my Coming up, when you left, I found Guest ready to depart to the Derwent. Capt. Fenhill and Lamb went. I sent by Fenhill a Proclamation suspending the force of your Pro­ clamation! of Outlawry for the space of 28 Days, that those who

* Blank in original. t Note 344. 696 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. intended to return to their Duty might have an opportunity; the 18 Feb. Party saw but 2, and they gave themselves up to Capt. Fenhill. Surrender of Jonas Martin came in and behaves very well; Roper was kept at bushrangers. the Derwent hy Colonel Collins, and made Superintendent of Stock at £60, which I think was not right as he belongs to this Settlement. Several others would have come in but they were Passage from out a Hunting. The party went over with a Laden Cart in S Launceston to Days. If I would allow it, parties would be crossing every week, the Derwent. but I forbid it strictly; the Young Man who killed Jinglu went with the last party without my knowledge and did not return; when I was informed of it and made some inquiry, Mr. Piper informed me he had sent him as his Servant and did not know what made him remain at the Derwent. I hope thefirst Con ­ Labourers and veyance will bring us some Carpenters, Brickmakers, Smiths. stores required. Labourers, and Some Women, with Iron, Steel, Xails, Iron Pots, etc. I am much hurt tofind I cannot get the lower part of the Stubble Ground plowed for wheat, it* . . . such fine Wheat; but though I have taken care to have plenty of Working Bullocks. I have neither plough nor Iron Work, or I would soon have a Plough at Work for Government. I shall try to get everything as forward as possible, hoping that the latter end of March will bring a Ship with a plow or Iron Work, and I hope to receive some of that valuable Investment with Wine and Spirits, for we are all out to a Man. Proposed Inclosed I send the Bearings of my Farm,f and hope you will be land grant. pleased to put your Hand to it, that I may begin to improve Returns transmitted. it. I enclose a State of the Detachment, Sick report, return of Stock, and return of Grain and Potatoes, Xo. 1, Grown by each person, and what part they intend to offer to the Store. I of the Wheat must be washed before it can be taken into the Store, Barn burnt. and then it must be turned often. I am sorry to say Capt. Kemp's barn, with all the Grain, is burnt. Jerry Smith had a Narrow escape; he contended with the flames until his Garm'ts tookfire; he had been thrashing some time. The Woman who lived with McLaughlin has been mad ever since you left, and has been in a Strait-Jacket ever since. Bates and Packsman went out of the report this morning. I hope you will send a Results of few more Soldiers byfirst Conveyance. Should the Dearth Con­ drought. tinue a few weeks, it would be necessary to Cut a drain from the Front of Fitzgerald's house to the Swamps, in order that the cattle might have good Water, and the Expence would be but little compared with the utility of the Work. Mr. Mountgarrett is obliged to feed all his Stock in his Swamp, for thefires hav e burnt all round for miles.

* Blank in original copy. f Note 345. . BRABYN TO PATERSON. 697 I have repaired the House over the water for Mr. Hill, and he isos. lives in it; but he wanted it Shingled and Glazed,floored, etc. ; lsi Feb- but I must have your Orders for that part. I did not name the Tools required. want of a pair of Sawers, and Sawfiles of all Sorts; the trades­ men Complain of the want of an Oil Stone; Those in the Settle­ ment are too hard for Tools of that Kind. I have named Bailey and Fenton in Mrs. Paterson's Letter. I need not name it in this, as you will see and judge from that. Fanny, the Xative Girl, left Mr. Dey in January, and has not Miscellaneous been seen since. I have sent you the Wheat that Grew by thenews . Walk of the upper'end of the Garden; it had 91 Stalks, and has about 8,306 Grains. Mr. Piper and Mr. Mountgarrett wishes to be allowed to purchase Two More Working Bullocks. I have, &c, J. BRABYN.

CAPTAIN BRABYN TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON. (Acknowledged by secretary Finucane, 19th April, 1809.) Sir, 20th February, 1809. 20 Feb. I have the Honor to inform you that I have been under Hughes placed the disagreeable necessity of taking Serjt. Hughes' Sword from under arrest- him on the 26th day of January last:—For disrespect to Myself, Contempt of my Orders given out that Day, for very improperly interfering with the Business and Duty of a Bench of Magis­ trates, assembled to enquire into a Complaint, and for grossly insulting Mr. Mountgarrett in the Execution of his Duty and as his letter to me, which will accompany this, will inform you; but, as it will be impossible to bring him to a Court Martial without myself, Mr. Piper, Mr. Mountgarrett, Serjt. Whittle, Lance Serjt. Wright, Packman and many others were present, I hope Request for s be you will reduce him without that form, if you think his Crimes f^e dJ° deserve it; and, should you be pleased to do so, 1 hope you will relieve him as he is an improper person to be from Head Quarters; and I must further hope that you will be pleased to take into your Consideration that Acting Serjt. Wright is one of the oldest Soldiers as well as almost the oldest Corporal in the Regiment; his Character is well known to you and if you have no other in view for Corpl. Dunn is a very good Man or Baker. Having Complaints from Francis King at the Heads against Dispute Mr. Mills and his Housekeeper, and Since that Complaint Mr. F* King and Mills Complained of him, I found it expedient to Order Serjt.p - yiUs- 698 HISTORICAL RECORDS OP AUSTRALIA.

1809. Whittle to bring King up and ordered all the evidences to attend. 20Feb. King was very insolent to Mr. Mills in Whittle's hearing, Damned Dispute him for a pretty Officer, and wondered who could make such a F. King and fellow an Officer. The Bench was ordered at 12 o'Clock on the p Mills. 25 of january. On the Morn of that Day, Serjt. Whittle in­ formed me that the party at the Heads had no Orders to act by, and that it was a matter of Dispute between Mr. Mills and the Corporal, who was the Commanding Officer. I wrote the inclosed Eiaci>nS Hu hes 0rders ancl Sent to Serjt. Hughes to Copy that they might be in arrest. sent down by Whittle; but I saw no more of them until after the Bench was over, when Serjt. Hughes brought them in Com­ pany with Serjt. Whittle, and told Whittle that the Order was infamous, and should not he sent; when he gave me the Order, he began to interrogate me; but I ordered him away; as he left me in presence of many People, he exclaimed 'tis all over by God —the Captain is bought. When he came to the Corner of the palings, he saw Mr. Mountgarrett coming to the House to report that the prisoner King had been punished. Hughes said to Serjt. Whittle, He Makes this fellow ashamed of himself. Whittle checked him, but to no purpose; he accosted Mr. Mountgarrett in the most improper way. I was informed afterwards by Several who heard him say, when he came out from the Bench, he would make the Actions of the Bench known in the Public paper at Sydney, and would make them ashamed of themselves, and that he would write to Col. Foveaux to let him know what was going on at the Settlement; from this and the Complaints of Mr. Piper, I confin'd him. I have, &c, J. BRABYN, Capt. X.S.W. C. [Enclosure No. 1.] General orders GENERAL ORDER, referred to in Capt. Brabyn's Letter to be fo/hartouT observed and Strictly attended to by the Soldiers at Point master. Clarence. Launceston, 25 January, 1809. IT being impossible, from the Scarcity of hands in this Settlement, to furnish Mr. Mills with Men sufficient to Launch and Draw up the Boats intrusted to his Charge, to enable him to fulfill his Duty as Harbour Master and Pilot, etc., You are therefore, as Commanding Officer of the Military at Point Clarence, to give him what assistance is in your power, whenever he may apply to you for it. Upon appli­ cation from him, You will send the man, allowed you to bring Wood and Water to the Barrack; but should this be insufficient, upon further application you must assist with your Guard whenever you are wanted for that Duty. And you will be answerable that the Men under Your Command do pay the Respect to Mr. Mills that is due to an Oflicer in this Colony. N.B.—These are the Orders Serjt. Hughes said was infamous and which I sent him to Copy. FINUCANE TO BRABYN. 699

[Enclosure No. 2.] 1809. LETTER referred to by Capt. Brabyn from Mr. Mountgarrett. Sir, 26 January, 1809. I beg leave to inform you that, on my way to Government Complaint of j. House to report to you, the prisoner King having been punished aga'inltHughes. agreeable to the Sentence of the Bench, I was accosted in the most insolent Manner by Serjt. Hughes, who addressed me Say­ ing, You have done a pretty piece of business in the Bench to Day in asking that Damned whore to sit down, Meaning Mr. Mills' Housekeeper, one of the Evidences against King; that, if I had done my Duty, I would have Shaved her Head; he then asked me how I would like to have my Conduct represented in the Sydney Gazette, which he intended doing, and Much Lan­ guage to that effect. Serjt. Hughes being immediately under your directions as a Soldier, I therefore submit his Conduct to your Consideration, in Confidence you will take the necessary steps to prevent the like in future. And have, &c, J. MOUNTGARRETT.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PATERSON TO THE SECRETARY OF THE ORDNANCE BOARD.

10th March, 1809. 10 March. [A copy of this despatch and its enclosure will be found on Requisition page 16, volume VII, series I.] for ordnance.

SECRETARY FINUCANE TO CAPTAIN BRABYN.* (Despatch per ship Pegasus, via Hobart town.) Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 19 April, 1809. ^ April. I have it in Command from His Honor the Lieut. Gover- Despatches nor to acknowledge the receipt of Your Letters of the 18th and a<*"<™«ged. 20th of February last with their several inclosures. As you have represented Serjeant Hughes to be an improper Hughes to person to be detached from Head Quarters (although it was at gy^y!0 your own particular request that he was ordered to accompany you to Port Dalrymple), you will please to direct him, together with private David Hughes, to return to Sydney hy the first opportunity. The Lieut. Governor can by no means approve of the General Disapproval oi Order, which you thought proper to issue on the 25th January or ers ISS11 last, to the Detatchment of the Xew South Wales Corps stationed at Point Clarance; for, altho' it must be understood that the Soldiers are to afford every assistance that may be necessary (which no doubt they are at all times disposed to do) to the Civil

* Note 349. 700 HISTOBICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. Officers in the execution of their duty, yet it could never be meant 19 April. (as may be inferred from your Order), that a Military post was to be maintained merely that the Soldiers may be ready to assist in drawing up and Launching Mr. Mills' boat, whenever he may be inclined to Call upon them for that purpose. Convicts for Lest however any pretext should be affording for neglecting crew of harbour-master . the Public Service by the Detatchment not being allowed to remain under the Controul of the Harbour Master, You are to supply him with Four Convicts to Man his Boat, and, any inconvenience that Individuals may suffer by being deprived of their regulated Xumber of Servants to Complete these, 4 Men may be removed on the Arrival of 20 Convicts, who are Selected for Port Dalrymple and will be sent thither in the King George, which is now nearly ready to proceed on her Voyage. Orders to be The Lieutt. Governor expects you will omit no opportunity of transmitted. transmitting to Head Quarters Copies of such general or De­ tatchment Orders as you may have occasion from time to time to issue. Removal of J. The Services of Mr. Mountgarrett as a Magistrate being Mountgarrett deemed by the Lt. Governor no longer necessary (which you will from magistracy. intimate to him), the Servants allowed to him in that Capacity are to return to Public Labour, and you will appropriate 2 of them as part of the Crew allowed for the Harbour Master's Boat. Convicts sent Amongst the 20 Men intended for Port Dalrymple, you will to Port Dalrymple. find a Brick Layer, 2 Carpenters, 2 Sawyers and a Blacksmith; some female Convicts will also be sent. Military One Subaltern, One Serjeant, 2 Corporals and 10 privates of detachment sent ria the the Xew South Wales Corps will sail from hence in the Pegasus Derwent. to the Derwent in a few Days, from whence they are to proceed by land to Port Dalrymple to join the Detacht. under your Com­ mand. On the receipt of this letter, you will Order a Cart with 4 Oxen to Hobarttown to wait their Arrival and to bring their Baggage to the place of their Destination. Wheat to be The Lieutenant Governor Authorizes you to receive Wheat purchased. into His Majesty's Stores at 14s. per Bushell (for the present year only), and he requests you will be particularly Careful that none shall be taken, which shall not weigh 56 lbs. to the Bushell, And which shall not in every other respect be found perfectly marketable. Settlers to He wishes you to express to the Settlers and Cultivaters of supply grain. Land his expectation that the encouragement, which has hitherto been so liberally held out to them, will enable them, after the present year, to supply grain for the Stores at the same prices for which it can be procured at this Settlement. FINUCANE TO BRABYN. 701

You may receive potatoes at 10s. per 112 pounds, being a price iso9. nearly equivalent to that allowed for Wheat. 19 Apn ' You are likewise at liberty to take in fresh beef and Mutton Price for at one Shilling per pound, which price will continue for two f^'meat" years. After the Granary shall befinished, Yo u are to make every Barrack exertion to Complete the Barracks for the Accommodation of accommodation. Six Officers, and those for the privates must be thoro'ly repaired and rendered Capable of lodging at least Fifty Men. To assist in the Execution of this Work, it is deslreable that soldiers to be the Soldiers should be employed at such times as they can be emp °: spared from their Military Duty, for which they are to be paid at the same rate as has been heretofore Customary in the Settle­ ment. You will by every opportunity transmit a return of the Men so employed, the Work performed by them, and the Sums due, in Order that Means may be provided for enabling you to pay them. The Lt. Governor has Chartered the Ship Admiral Gambier, Contract for which Sail'd from hence on the 23th of last Month, to Return "^ and spirits. from Rio de Janeiro with a Supply of Rice and Spirits for the Colony, a proportion of which shall be reserved and forwarded to Port Dalrymple adequate to the Wants of the Settlement. Mr. Riley having received Stock from the Government herds Exchange of h e by at this place in Exchange for 32 head of horned Cattle left by A ' En°f him in Charge of the Superintendant of the Government Stock at Port Dalrymple, You will direct the Acting Deputy Corny, to receive them on his Books, with 4 Working Bullocks also left by the same Gentleman in charge of Mr. Mountgarrett. Xone of the Cattle thus exchanged, nor any of the increase from the 6 Cows of the Magpye Breed are to be alienated to individuals, and the Young Bull belonging to the latter is to be carefully separated from the female herds until he shall be two Tears old. You will notify in Public Orders that the Lt. Governor has Lands granted. signed the grants of land mentioned in the annexed list; but they cannot be forwarded to the respective grantees, until descrip­ tions of the Allotments shall be received at my Office, which you will direct to be made and sent by the earliest Conveyance. I transmit you a number of Emancipations and Pardons, Emancipations amongst the former of which you will perceive some that have and Pardom- been given on Condition of the parties continuing to reside for two Years within the Settlement. A Supply of wet provisions, and the several Articles men­ tioned in your Letter of the 20th February, have been forwarded 702 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. by the Acting Commissary in the Venus Schooner; on the return 19 April. of which Vessell to Port Jackson, you are to send up the pris­ oners John Connor and William, Woodward. Appointment of Mr. Robert Jones late Superintendent of Xorfolk Island is superintendents. appointed (agreeable to the Secretary of State's Instructions* of 30 Deer. 1806), Superndt. on the Establishment at Port Dal­ rymple, in the room of Thomas Massey dismissed. Thomas Howard is appointed Superintendant and Chief Con­ stable of the same Settlement until further Orders. Bills to be You are to direct the Acting Deputy Commissary to draw drawn on' treasury. Bills upon His Majesty's Treasury for such provisions as shall be received into the Stores during the period of Your Command, which Bills, with the necessary Vouchers, are to be transmitted to Head Quarters for the Lieutenant Governor's approval. Concessions to Mr. Hill the Superintendant of Government Stock is to have J. Hill. an additional Man, in Consideration of the inadequacy of his pay to the duties of his Situation; and you are to allow him to purchase 10 Sheep from the Public herds to. be paid for in Money or wheat upon delivery. Bullocks Lieut. Piper and Mr. Mountgarrett may be permitted to pur­ to be sold. chase two Bullocks each, the price of which, £112, with the Wheat grown by Government, is to be appropriated towards liquidating the Expence of Building the principal Surgeon's Quarters. Purchase The two pumps at Western Arm have been purchased for the of pumps. use of the Settlement, and the remainder of the Iron Work belonging to them is to be sent to Sydney by the Venus. Appointment of Mr. Smith, Acting Assistant Surgeon of the Xew South Wales J. Smith. Corps, is under Orders to proceed to Port Dalrymple, and is to be Stationed at the Head Quarters of the Settlement. Live stock for Yon are to let him have two Cows and ten Sheep from the J. Smith. Government Stock, for the payment of which (in Money or Wheat) he is to be allowed time to the Month of December, 1810. Proclamation by I Send you a proclamationf which the Lieut. Governor found W. Paterson. it expedient to issue on the 19th of last Month, and which he desires you will make public, and enforce the Strict obedience of in the Settlement under Your Command. J. Foveaux to be As arrangements are now making for Lieutt. Governor lieut.-governor. Foveaux's proceeding to Port Dalrymple to administer the Government^: there, you will have the House, etc., in readiness for his reception. His Departure from Sydney will not be long deferred after that of the Venus. I have, &c, JAMES FINUCANE.

* Note 346. f Note 347. J Note 202. FINUCANE TO BRABYN. 703

[Enclosure.] 1809. 19 April. COPY of Grants of Land,* Pardons and Emancipations sent to Return of Port Dalrymple. p^oSd EMANCIPATIONS. emancipations. Jacob Mountgarrett Acres •—• James Steele ^ Hugh Piper „ — Wm. Martin Good Conduct dur­ Mr. John Smith „ 100 Wm. Fogo ing Establt. of Mr. Peter Mills „ 100 Wm. Greaves the Colony and Mr. Alexr. Riley , 100 Wm. Eyers on Cond. of re­ Captain Brabyn , 100 Wm. Kelsall maining t \v o Mr. James Hill „ 100 Jos. Camplin Years in the Mr. James Brumby „ 100 Alexr. Cumberbeach Settlement. Thomas Howard , 50 Patrick Murphy Settling. Ann Dry ,, 50 Thomas Vallons I On Mary Fitzgerald , 30 Thomas Smith Thomas Vallons , 30 My. Fitzgerald Thomas Smith „ 30 Joseph Aldridge Robert Beams „ 30 Elizth. Atkins PARDONS. Mr. Whitcomb „ 30 Wilfrey Eyers [• Good Conduct. Joseph Edwards „ 30 James Dunn Wm. Keating ,, 50 Richd. Dry for general good Do. while at As the Grants for Lt. Piper and Mr. P.D., having been appointed Store Mountgarrett require some Considera­ keeper, which responsible situation he tion, the Arrangt. respectg. them has has fulfilled with much propriety been postponed by the Lt. Governor. and having Married a Woman born free in the Colony.

SECRETARY FINUCANE TO CAPTAIN BRABYN.-)- (Despatch per ship Pegasus, via Hobart town.) Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 19th Apl., 1809. I am directed to request you will Order a trusty Xon Despatches for Commissd. Officer to proceed immediately to Hobart Town to Hobart town- deliver a packet of Letters from the Lieut. Governor to Lt. Governor Collins. I have, &c, JAMES FINUCANE.

SECRETARY FINUCANE TO CAPTAIN BRABYN.-)- (Despatch per ship Pegasus, via Hobart town.) Sir, Head Quarters, Sydney, 19 April, 1809. I am directed by the Lieut. Governor to transmit you a Cattle to be Copy of a Letter:): from him to Lieut. Governor Collins, and to to^hTDerwent. request you will take measures for Carrying into effect the Arrangement therein proposed. You will be pleased, for that purpose, to Select 50 Bengal Cows and 100 Cows of thefirst remove, with 2 Bulls of the best kind, which is a requisition from Lt. Governor Collins, you will Order to be driven to a place appointed by him, when they are to be delivered to the persons Authorized to receive them. I have, &c., JAMES FINUCANE.

* Note 348. t Note 349. % Note 350. 704 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. SECRETARY FINUCANE TO CAPTAIN BRABYN. 29 May. (Despatch per schooner Estremina.) Head Quarters, Sydney, Port Jackson, Sir, 29 May, 1809. Detachment I am directed by the Lt. Governor to acquaint you that of military per schooner the Colonial Vessell Estramina is ordered to proceed to the Estremina. Derwent for the purpose of Conveying from thence to Port Dalrymple a detachment of the Xew South Wales Corps, which had been sent from Head Quarters to Escort Convicts to the former Settlement. You will please to Complete the Detachment under Your Com­ mand to their Original Xumber, Selecting such Men from the Detachment sent in the Estramina, as you may think it essential for His Majesty's Service to detain, And the remainder, with those Men mentioned in my Letter of the 19th of April, are to return to Head Quarters in the Estramina, which Vessell it is extremely desireable should be detained as short a time as possible. Articles A proportion of the Investment Goods* has been sent in the for barter. Estramina for the Settlement under Your Command, but the Lt. Governor Laments that it is not in his power to send by the same opportunity a reinforcement of Convicts. I have, &c, JAMES FINUCANE.

CAPTAIN BRABYN TO VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH. Port Dalrymple, Van Dieman's Land, 30 June. My Lord, Launceston, 30 June, 1809. Bills drawn Having been directed by His Honor Lieut. Govr. Paterson in payment to draw Bills on the Right Honble. The Lords Commissioners for provisions. of His Majesty's Treasury for such Provisions as have been received into His Majesty's Stores in this Settlement, since he has left it to take the Command at Port Jackson, and he (having from my representation to His Honor that the Crops this Season have fallen far short of the produce expected) autho­ rized me to give 14s. per Bushel for wheat, and 10s. per 112 lbs. for Potatoes. I have directed the Acting Deputy Commissary to draw on their Lordships for the Sum of One Thousand One Hundred and Eightyfive pound s 19s. Sterling in three different Sets of Bills, and to the following orders, at Xinety days sight, viz. to the order of Mr. Jacob Mountgarrett at 90 d. etc... £575 17 6 Do Do Mr. James Hill Do .... 160 0 0 Do Do Mr. Hugh Piper Do 450 1 6 * Note 183. FINUCANE TO BRABYN. 705 Amounting together to the above mentioned sum, One Thousand, 1809. One Hundred and Eighty five Pounds, nineteen shillings ster- 30-June- ling, being payment for Twelve Hundred and Forty and three Bills drawn in quarters Bushels of Wheat, Twenty Bushels of Barley, sixty p?o\?sions?r Two Thousand One Hundred and Eighty Eight Pounds of Potatoes, three Hundred and Eight Pounds of Mutton; this quantity has been received to victual those supported by the Crown, as per the Vouchers transmitted. I have, &c, J. BRABYN, Captain Commandant.

CAPTAIN BRABYN TO LIEUT.-GOVERNOR PATERSON. 26th, 28th, 30th, 31st July, 1809. —July. [Copies of these despatches, acknowledged by secretary Finu­ cane, 1st October, 1809, are not available.]

SECRETARY FINUCANE TO CAPTAIN BRABYN. Sir, Head Quarters, Port Jackson, 1st Octor., 1809. 1 Oct. I am directed by the Lieut. Governor to Acknowledge the Despatches Receipt of your letters of the 26th, 28th, 30th and 31st of July a<=kn°wkdged. last (by the Estramina) with the several enclosures. The Salary of Superintendant is £50 per Annum, And Thomas Salary of Howard who has been Appointed to that Situation is to receive T'Howar • this year's Salary (agreeable to his own request) in advance, to he paid in Stock from the Public Herds, at the established price. Whenever you have occasion to draw on the Commissioners Letters of of the Treasury for expences incurred at the Settlement under advice- Your Command, it will be necessary for you to Write (agreeable to the Annexed form*) To The Secretary of State for the Colonies, And to the Secretary of the Treasury, Stating in whose favor the different Sums are drawn for. It will also be requisite for the Deputy Commissary to Apprize the Secretaries of the Treasury (agreeable to the form which has been transmitted to him) of the Several Bills he draws, taking particular Care at the same time to forward with such letters the proper Vouchers. It is not regular to draw on Mr. Chinnery, the Colonial Agent, Drafts on for the pay of Commissional Officers, except under certain par- colomal a&ent- ticular Circumstances, which do not appear to have occurred since you have been in Command at Port Dalrymple. But should these officersf not have given Any Persons Powers of Attorney to receive for them the Sums due for their respective Services, you will be Authorized to draw for the same at the conclusioSER.HIn .o fVOL th.e 1— Year2 Y , or*Not whenevee 351.r yot uNot mae 17y. he relieved from 706 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1809. your Command, taking Care that a separate Bill he drawn for lOct. each Officer's Salary, that an order be given to the Deputy Com­ missary, and a Receipt taken from the parties, according to the form Xo. 2 And that you Apprize Mr. Chinnery of your reasons for drawing. Payment for It being expedient that the house built hy John Simpson, house of adjacent to the Store, Should become the property of Govern­ J. Simpson. ment, when he leaves it, you will direct a Valuation to be taken of it, And a remuneration accordingly to be Made to him for it, deducting whatever he may already have received on that Account. Disposal of The Lt. Governor Authorizes you to dispose of the Bullocks bullocks. from the Government Stock, agreeable to the Arrangement you have proposed. Salaries of The Salaries of the Harbour Master and Storekeeper (£50 each harbour-master per Annum) not being included in the Estimate laid before Par­ and storekeeper. liament, these Officers are to be paid in Monies arising from Sales of the Public property within the Settlement. Live stock of James McConnell having attempted fraudulently to possess W. House. himself of the Stock belonging to the Children of the late unfor­ tunate Mr. House,* as appears from the testimony of their Mother, The Lt. Governor desires that the Stock, with its produce, may be detained in the hands of Government, untill further instruc­ tions for its appropriation shall be transmitted to you. Emancipations. Your Recommendation-for Emancipations will be considered when a favorable opportunity occurs. Expected The Arrival of General Xightingale,f who has been appointed arrival of Governor of the Territory, being hourly expected, as well as that new governor. of the 73d Regiment ordered to relieve the 102d, the Lt. Governor desires me to point out to you the Xecessity of your being fully prepared, in every particular, to resign your present Command at a Moment's Xotice. I have, &c-. JAMES FINUCANE.

GOVERNOR MACQUARIE TO MAJOR GORDON.^ 1810. 26 Jan. Sir, Hd. Qrs., Sydney, 26th Jany., 1810. Transmission of Herewith you will receive my Instructions for your govern- instructions. ment and guidance as Commandant of the Settlement of Port Dalrymple; and I cannot too strongly press on your most serious attention the absolute necessity of carrying every part of your Instructions into execution to the fullest extent; and that you will not hesitate to bring forward any description or rank of Persons, under your command, who may through self interest,. or any other motive, be induced to disobey, or treat them with neglect.

* Note 352. t Note 209. t Note 214. MACQUARIE TO GORDON. . 707 As soon as the Detachment is embarked on board the Tryal, ISIO. Brig, you will immediately go on board yourself and set sail for 26 Jan- your destination, the moment the wind and weather will permit Embarkation the Vessel getting out of the Harbour. on ris rja ' On your arrival at Port Dalrymple, you will inform the Officer Assumption of commanding there that you are come to relieve him and the command- Detachment of the 102d Regt. under his Command. You will ask him to shew you his Instructions,* and to furnish you with a Copy of them, conforming yourself to such parts of them as may appear to you to apply to your command at Port Dalrymple, and to the local situation of that Settlement. After you having taken charge of the Settlement from the Detachment of Officer now Commanding it, not a moment must be lost in toretunfto embarking the Detachment of the 102d Regt. on board the Tryal Sydney. Brig, and dispatching her back to Head Quarters. By her return, I shall of course expect to hear from you, and to receive your detailed Report of the Settlement, as prescribed in your In­ structions. You will be so good as to forward overland the Letter, here- Despatch for with delivered to you, to the address of Colonel Collins, Lt. Govr. D- Co!hns- of Hobart Town on the River Derwent. It is proper I should apprise you that your own Salary as Salaries. Commandant of Port Dalrymple, and also that of Capt. Rennyf as Acting Dy. Judge Advocate is only to commence from the date of your taking charge of that Settlement. I enclose you herewith a List of Papers necessary to be sent to Returns to be me as Govr. in chief, respecting the Settlement of Port Dal- transmRted. rymple, by every convenient opportunity to Head Quarters. I have, &.C., [Enclosure.] T. MACQUARIE. INSTRUCTIONS for Major G. A. Gordon of the 73rd Regiment, instructions to Commandant of the Settlement of Port Dalrymple in the commandant"aS County of Cornwall in Bass's Straits on the Xorthern part of Van Dieman's Land. BY His Excellency Lachlan Macquarie, Esquire, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Territory of Xew South Wales and its Dependencies, etc., etc., etc. Sir, Having, by my General Order of the 22nd Instant, thought fit to appoint you to be Commandant of the Settlement of Port Dalrymple, and reposing especial trust and confidence in your zeal,fidelity, judgment and abilities for discharging the duties of that important Office; You are hereby directed to follow, and be governed generally, hy the following Instructions, or such further Orders and Directions as you may from time to time

* Note 353. t Note 354. 708 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. receive from me, or from the Officer commanding in Chief in 26 Jan. this Territory for the time being, for your future guidance. instructions to 1st. You will embark on receipt of these Instructions on board commandant *S the Brig Tryal, with the Officers, Soldiers, Women and Children of the 73 Regiment and other persons in the service of Govern­ ment specified in the Margin* Appointment 2. The Judge Advocate will deliver you a Precept appointing of magistrates you a Justice of Peace, and Magistrate at the Settlement of Port Dalrymple, and Captain William Kenny of the 73rd Regi­ ment has also been appointed a. Justice of Peace and Magistrate in the said Settlement. and of dep. 3. I have likewise deemed it expedient to appoint Captain judge-advocate. Kenny. to act as Deputy judge Advocate at Port Dalrymple 'till further Orders, with a view to afford you all the Aid and Assist­ ance he can in that capacity. Conciliation [Paragraph k was similar to paragraph 12 of the instructions of natives. ' to captain Murray {see page kk5), with the omission of the words "at Hobart Town."] Commissariat. 5. You will encourage the curing of all Surplus of Fish that may he caught, and procure such kinds of Animal food as the Place can supply, and serve them out in Rations for the Supply of the Settlement. The Distribution of Provisions must appear in a Victualling book, which should he kept hy the Deputy Com­ missary, bearing the Persons on separate Lists, where their Rations differ. The Commissary will furnish the Acting Deputy Commissary with Instructions for his guidance, and which, you are most strictly to enforce. Encouragement 6. As the increase of Stock and Grain are of the utmost im­ of agriculture portance to the Settlement, you are to adopt and pursue such and grazing. Measures as may seem most likely to produce this effect, and particularly to restrain any wanton or extravagant destruction of Stock or Grain. Products of 7. All Productions acquired hy the Labour of Convicts are to convict labour. be considered as Public Stock and applied to the subsistence of said Convicts and their families, and the subsistence of the Civil and Military Establishments of the Colony or Settlement; and you will procure and send to me from time to time regular accounts of the Receipts and application thereof. [Paragraphs 8 to 11 were similar to paragraphs IS to 16 of the instructions to captain Murray; see pages k45 and kk6.] Observance 12. You will not fail by all proper methods to enforce a due of religion. observance of Religion and Good Order, and you will take such

* Marginal note.—One Captain, Two Subalterns, five Sergeants,five Corporals, two Drummers, Sixty Privates, Sixteen Women and sixteen children of the 73rd Regi­ ment ; Mr. G. I. Sutton, Acting Deputy Commissary, and Thomas Massey, Superin­ tendant and Chief Constable of Port Dalrymple. MACQUARIE TO GORDON. 709

steps for the celebration of Public Worship (especially upon the ISIO. Lord's day) and for the celebration of Marriages, as circum- 26 Jan' stances will permit. And it is highly necessary that a yearly Instructions to

return of All Marriages, Births and Deaths within the Settle- COmmandant. ment should be made, signed and transmitted to me; as also, of Vital statistics. the escape of any Convicts who may run off from the Settlement. 13. You are not to engage Shipping or enter into any Con- Prohibition of tracts for the supply of Grain or Provisions from any distant ^pf^'and place, without submitting the same to me, and getting my appro- contracts. bation of such engagements or Contracts, unless in cases of the utmost emergency, which it is expected cannot now occur, and then you are to take care to make such contracts on fair and reasonable terms, and not for a larger Supply than may be abso­ lutely required. And should you be at any time reduced to the necessity of purchasing Kangaroo flesh, you are not on any account to pay more than six pence per Pound for it. 14. For such purchases of Provisions as may be made on Purchase of account of Government, The Acting Deputy Commissary is to Provislons- grant his Receipts, 'till an opportunity offers for drawing Bilh on the Commissary here for the amount thereof;. which Bills must be vouched by you, after you have compared them with the Deputy Commissary's Accounts of Purchases. 15. You are on no account to draw Bills on the Lords of the Bills on and Treasury at home, nor to correspond with any of His Majesty's ^ttTEngiand0 Ministers without my permission. Your own Salary as Com- forbidden. mandant will continue 'till further orders, to be the same as salary as hitherto allowed to the Officer acting as Lieutenant Governor commandant. of that Settlement, namely, Four Hundred andfifty pounds per Annum; but, as it is the intention of His Majesty's Ministers to reduce the Establishment* of Port Dalrymple, You are not to consider this Salary as permanent for any length of time. 16. Your own Salary as Commandant, together with that of Payment the Acting Deputy Judge Advocate and other Officers of the Civil Department at Port Dalrymple, will be included in the General Estimates of this Government, and will be paid to your and their Orders at Head Quarters; the subsistence of the Subsistence of Detatchment of the 73rd Regiment, now sent with you to Port m 1 Ty' Dalrymple, you will of course draw for Monthly on the Regi­ mental Paymaster. 17. You are to signify to the Officer, whom you relieve at Port Accounts to be Dalrymple, that he is to settle and close all his Public Accounts je Brabyn. up to the day of his delivering over the charge of that Settle­ ment to you; and you are consequently to give Public Xotice to the Inhabitants, that you will not hold yourself responsible for any Debts or Demands they may have against Government, for

•Note 355. 710 HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIA.

1810. either Grain or Meat delivered into Store, prior to the date of 26 Jan. your taking charge of the Settlement of Port Dalrymple. Instructions to 18. As you are not empowered to hold a Court of Civil or G. A. Gordon ae commandant. Criminal Jurisdiction at Port Dalrymple, All Persons, who may Criminals be guilty of serious crimes and misdemeanours, are to be sent to to be tried at Sydney. Head Quarters at Sydney by thefirst convenien t opportunity, accompanied by the necessary Evidences. Petty or Slight Offences will of course be taken cognizance of and punished by a Bench of Magistrates; which of course you are hereby authorized to assemble as often as there may be occasion for you so doing. Courts martial. 19. You have hereby, the power of trying Soldiers for Petty Offences by a Detachment Court Martial, approving the sentence thereof, and carrying the same into execution without any refe­ rence to me; but should any Soldier of your Detatchment be guilty of a serious erime that you may deem afit subject for the investigation of a General Court Martial, he must be sent by thefirst convenien t opportunity to Head Quarters to stand his Trial, accompanied hy the necessary Evidence. Returns to be 20. You are to send me a Quarterly return and state of the transmitted. Settlement under your Orders (commencing from thefirst of February next) by such opportunities as may occur; in which you must particularly specify the Quantity of Provisions remain­ ing in Store, the Quantity purchased during the preceding three Months, and the Xumber and description of Persons, Civil and Military, who are victualled by the Crown. Provisions per 21. It is proper you should be apprized that there is embarked, brig Tryal. on the Brig Tryal, Six Months Wheat for the Troops and other persons victualled from the King's Stores at Port Dalrymple; together with seven Tons of beef and Pork and One ton of Sugar, which will be landed from that Vessel on her arrival at Port Provision for Dalrymple; and I have now only to add that, in case of your vacancy in Death or Absence from the Command of Port Dalrymple, it is command. my pleasure that the charge Of the Settlement shall devolve upon the Officer next in command of the Detatchment, now to be sent thither, until such time as the Person who may be appointed by me to succeed you shall arrive, and for this purpose the necessary Xotification is in such case to be made to me with the least possible delay. I have, &c, L. MACQUARIE. Head Quarters, Government House, Sydney, 26 January, 1810.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAJOR GORDON. Price for IN case you should feel under the necessity of purchasing Grain provisions. or Animal food at any time, you are not upon any consideration