Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) in China, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Two New Species

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) in China, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Two New Species Qin et al.: A Key to the Genera of Empoascini in China 1493 A KEY TO THE GENERA OF EMPOASCINI (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: TYPHLOCYBINAE) IN CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND TWO NEW SPECIES 1, 1 2, DAOZHENG QIN *, SIHAN LU AND CHRISTOPHER H. DIETRICH * 1Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education; Entomologi- cal Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China 2Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA *Corresponding authors; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Two new microleafhopper genera, Keumiata Qin & Dietrich gen. nov. and Flaviata Lu & Qin gen. nov. are described based on 2 new species, K. orientalis Qin & Dietrich sp. nov. and F. variata Lu & Qin sp. nov. from southwest China and Thailand. Both new genera are assigned to the typhlocybine tribe Empoascini. A key to the known genera of the tribe from China is provided and the differences between each new genus and closely related genera are discussed. Key Words: Auchenorrhyncha, leafhopper, new taxa, taxonomy, key RESUMEN Se describen dos nuevos géneros de microsaltahojas, Keumiata Qin & Dietrich gen. nov. y Flaviata Lu & Qin gen. nov. en base a 2 especies nuevas, K. orientalis Qin & Dietrich sp. nov. y F. variata Lu & Qin sp. nov. del suroeste de China y Tailandia, los dos nuevos géne- ros se asignan a la tribu typhlocybine de Empoascini. Se incluye una clave de los géneros conocidos en China de esta tribu y se discuten las diferencias entre cada nuevo género y otros géneros estrechamente relacionados. Palabras Clave: Auchenorrhyncha, saltahojas, nuevos taxones, taxonomía, clave The microleafhopper tribe Empoascini is a the absence of an appendix on the forewing and large group of the subfamily Typhlocybinae (He- in having the submarginal vein between apices of miptera: Cicadellidae). It was established by Dis- veins MP’ or RP+MP’ and MP”+CuA’ in the hind tant (1908) to include the genera Homa Distant, wing. Dietrich (2013a) recognized 2 new genera Empoasca Walsh and Heliona Melichar, but vari- of Typhlocybinae with hind wing venation identi- ous subsequent authors have disagreed over its cal to that of Empoasca but included these genera status and composition (see McAtee 1934; Oman in Dikraneurini based on characters of the head 1949; Young 1952, 1965; Metcalf 1964; Mahmood and male genitalia. Additional features distin- 1967; Mahmood & Ahmed 1968; Dworakowska guishing Empoascini from Dikraneurini include 1979; Ahmed 1983). In his comprehensive review the presence of well-developed ocelli (vestigial of New World Typhlocybinae, Young (1952) treat- or absent in Dikraneurini), presence of a pair of ed Empoascini as a junior synonym of Typhlocy- lobes or processes at the base of the male anal bini but Mahmood & Ahmed (1968) included the tube (absent in Dikraneurini), absence of a well- genera of Empoasca complex in the tribe Empoas- developed preapical lobe on the male paramere cini, and Dworakowska (1979) further refined the (present in Dikraneurini), and presence of nu- definition of Empoascini to accommodate genera merous macrosetae on the subgenital plate (few lacking an appendix of the forewing and having or none in Dikraneurini). the submarginal vein in the hind wing reaching Because the tribal classification has under- but not exceeding the vein RP+MP’ or RP (Dwora- gone a great deal of addition and revision over kowska 1979). Dietrich (2013b) adopted the clas- the past 100 years, the tribal placements of some sification of Ahmed (1983), which recognizes 5 described genera in the subfamily remain unre- tribes in the subfamily and distinguishes Empo- solved and need to be reconsidered. Recently, Cat- ascini from other leafhoppers in the subfamily by alano et al. (2014) reviewed 2 Neotropical genera, 1494 Florida Entomologist 97(4) December 2014 Paulomanus and Beamerana, both described by 2014a, b; Liu et al. 2014). This paper adds 2 new Young (1952) and placed in the tribe Typhlocybini genera and 2 new species based on our recent ex- (sensu lato). Catalano et al. placed Paulomanus amination of materials collected from southern and Beamerana in the tribe Empoascini because China and Thailand with a key to the known gen- their hind wing venation is nearly identical to era of the tribe from China. that of Empoasca (i.e., with a single large, closed apical cell). A similar situation occurs in some de- scribed genera in the Oriental Region, including MATERIAL AND METHODS Dapitana Mahmood (1967), Pemoasca Mahmood (1967), Rabiana Mahmood (1967), Serratulus The specimens examined in this study are Mahmood (1967), Mindanaoa Mahmood (1967) deposited in the Entomological Museum, North- and Mahmoodia Dworakowska (1970a), which west A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China were originally included in Typhlocybini (sensu (NWAFU) and the insect collection of the Illinois lato), but also have the hind wing submarginal Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois vein present and connecting the apices of veins (INHS) as indicated under each species. The RP+MP’. Therefore, it is appropriate to include methods and terminology used in this work follow them in Empoascini. Thus, the tribe Empoascini Zhang (1990) with the following exceptions: wing now comprises 81 previously described genera, 64 venation follows Dworakowska (1993), groups of which are known in the Oriental Region and of setae on the subgenital plate follow Southern 34 genera have been reported in China (Lu & Qin (1982), leg chaetotaxy follows Rakitov (1998). KEY TO THE GENERA OF CHINESE EMPOASCINI (MALES) 1. Hind wing with CuA branched (Figs. 1-4). ............................................2 —. Hind wing with CuA unbranched (Figs. 5-9) ..........................................14 2. Coronal suture long, extended onto face and terminating at level of antennal bases (Figs. 28, 29) ................................................................Apheliona Kirkaldy —. Coronal suture short, at most reaching anterior margin of crown (Figs. 30, 31, 32, 115, 135, 137). 3 3. Anal tube appendage absent (Figs. 40, 41) ............................................4 —. Anal tube appendage present (Figs. 42-45, 118, 123, 134, 144, 145, 155) ....................5 4. Crown-face transition with dark patch medially; forewing with veins MP’ and RP separate, con- nected by crossvein (Fig. 10); male pygofer in profile strongly emarginate dorsally (Fig. 40) ..... .........................................................Membranacea Qin & Zhang —. Crown-face transition without dark patch medially; forewing with veins MP’ and RP confluent preapically (Fig. 11); male pygofer in profile not emarginate dorsally (Fig. 41) ............... ......................................................... Alebrasca Hayshi & Okada 5. Hind wing with bifurcation point of CuA at or basad of coalescence of CuA with MP” (Figs. 1, 143) ...........................................................................6 —. Hind wing with bifurcation point of CuA drawn apicad (Figs. 2-4, 122) .....................7 6. Crown produced, anterior and posterior margins not parallel (Fig. 30); upper pygofer appendage absent (Fig. 42); paramere serrated apically (Fig. 103) ................Alebroides Matsumura —. Crown not produced, anterior and posterior margins parallel (Figs. 135, 137); upper pygofer ap- pendage present (Figs. 139, 140, 144-148); paramere smooth, not serrated apically (Fig. 154) ... ........................................................Flaviata Lu & Qin gen. nov. 7. Setal group A present on subgenital plate (Figs. 58, 59, 123, 131) .........................8 —. Setal group A absent on subgenital plate (Figs. 60, 61) .................................12 8. Male pygofer with ventral appendage (Figs. 43, 44) .....................................9 —. Male pygofer without ventral appendage (Figs. 45, 118, 123, 125) ........................10 Qin et al.: A Key to the Genera of Empoascini in China 1495 Figs. 1-27. 1. Alebroides muzitaneus Qin & Zhang; 2. Schizandrasca ussurica (Vilbaste); 3. Luodianasca recur- vata Qin & Zhang; 4. Nikkotettix cuspidata Qin & Zhang; 5. Ishiharella hastata Qin & Zhang; 6. Velu longiprojectum Zhang & Qin; 7. Radicafurcus breviprocessus Qin & Zhang; 8. Helionides exsultans (McAtee) (after Dworakowska, 1981a); 9. Empoasca (Matsumurasca) quadrialata Qin & Zhang; 10. Membranacea spinata Qin & Zhang; 11. Al- ebrasca actinidiae Hayashi & Okada; 12. Baguoidea yunnanensis Qin & Zhang; 13. Dayus lii Qin & Zhang; 14. Homa sinensis Qin & Zhang; 15. Goifa tangailensis (Ahmed & Samad); 16. Treufalka lamellata Qin & Zhang; 17. Usharia mata Dworakowska (after Dworakowska, 1977); 18. Ifugoa mikra Dworakowska & Pawar; 19. Velu furca- tum Zhang & Qin; 20. Kyboasca sexevidens Dlabola (after Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988); 21. Austrasca soembawaica Dworakowska (after Dworakowska, 1970b); 22. Jacobisaca jamesi Ahmed (after Ahmed, 1979); 23. Amrasca uvka Dworakowska (after Dworakowska, 1977); 24. Sikkimasca annulata Dworakowska; 25. Heliona constricta Melichar (after Dworakowska, 1994a); 26. Helionides exsultans (McAtee) (after Dworakowska, 1981a); 27. Empoasca (Mat- sumurasca) biloba Qin & Zhang. 1-9: hind wing; 10-27: forewing. 1496 Florida Entomologist 97(4) December 2014 Figs. 28-39. 28, 29. Apheliona maculosa (Distant) (after Dworakowska, 1994b); 30. Alebroides gallus Dworakowska(after Dworakowska, 1994c); 31. Nikkotettix cuspidata Qin & Zhang; 32. Ghauriana
Recommended publications
  • TEATIPSBRIEF100 100 Pieces of Info to Use in Tea Stories Issue 1
    Olga Nikandrova. Denis Shumakov TEATIPSBRIEF100 100 pieces of info to use in tea stories Issue 1. 2017 www.facebook.com/teatipsbrief/ www.teatips.ru Table of content Tea micro-trends .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Micro-trend. Tea and wine experiments ................................................................................................................... 5 One more time on tea machines. Teforia Leaf ........................................................................................................ 5 Micro-trend. Nitro Tea ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Nano-trend. Teafe in Raipur and Bangalore ............................................................................................................ 7 Micro-Trend. Cheese tea. 40 degrees and 15 minutes ......................................................................................... 7 Micro-trend: kombuchading kombucha at topical bars ........................................................................................ 8 Ambient Brew: Tea and Food Pairing ......................................................................................................................... 9 Micro-trend: Albino tea cultivars ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Three New Species of the Leafhopper Genus Dayus Mahmood from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Empoascini)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 355: 1–8 (2013)Three new species of the leafhopper genusDayus Mahmood from China... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.355.6277 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Three new species of the leafhopper genus Dayus Mahmood from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Empoascini) Xiaofei Yu1,2,†, Maofa Yang1,2,‡ 1 Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou, 550025, P. R. China 2 Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang Guizhou, 550025, P. R. China † http://zoobank.org/872D7371-CDF4-4044-95DF-B2705F6293E2 ‡ http://zoobank.org/79B3BA54-5CBD-43CD-B50C-FAABBBFA4904 Corresponding author: Maofa Yang ([email protected]) Academic editor: Mick Webb | Received 19 September 2013 | Accepted 18 November 2013 | Published 25 November 2013 http://zoobank.org/9412C02F-6433-4090-BF17-18A280B90782 Citation: Yu XF, Yang MF (2013) Three new species of the leafhopper genus Dayus Mahmood from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Empoascini). ZooKeys 355: 1–8. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.355.6277 Abstract Three new species of the Oriental empoascine leafhopper genus Dayus Mahmood are described from China: D. bifurcatus sp. n., D. trifurcatus sp. n. and D. serratus sp. n. A key to distinguish all Chinese species of the genus is provided. Keywords Auchenorrhyncha, leafhopper, taxonomy, morphology Introduction The Oriental typhlocybine leafhopper genus Dayus was established by Mahmood in 1967 with D. elongatus Mahmood (Singapore) as its type species. Subsequently, Dworakowska (1971) described D. takagii Dworakowska (Japan) and transferred D. upoluanus (Osborn, 1934) (Western Samoa) and D. euryphaessus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Fiji) to the geuns, Dworakowska and Viraktamath (1978) added a new species: D.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera, Cicadellidae,Typhlocybinae) from China, with Description of One New Species Feeding on Bamboo
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 187: 35–43 (2012)First record of the leafhopper genus Sweta Viraktamath & Dietrich.... 35 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.187.2805 RESEARCH artICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research First record of the leafhopper genus Sweta Viraktamath & Dietrich (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae,Typhlocybinae) from China, with description of one new species feeding on bamboo Lin Yang1,2†, Xiang-Sheng Chen1,2, ‡, Zi-Zhong Li1,2,§ 1 Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China 2 The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:17FAF564-8FDA-4303-8848-346AB8EB7DE4 ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:D9953BEB-30E6-464A-86F2-F325EA2E4B7C § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:9BA8A6EF-F7C3-41F8-AD7D-485FB93859F2 Corresponding author: Xiang-Sheng Chen ([email protected]) Academic editor: Mick Webb | Received 16 February 2012 | Accepted 19 April 2012 | Published 27 April 2012 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1E8ACABE-3378-4594-943F-90EDA50124CE Citation: Yang L, Chen X-S, Li Z-Z (2012) First record of the leafhopper genus Sweta Viraktamath & Dietrich (Hemiptera,Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from China, with description of one new species feeding on bamboo. ZooKeys 187: 35–43. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.187.2805 Abstract Sweta bambusana sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Dikraneurini), a new bamboo-feeding species, is described and illustrated from Guizhou and Guangdong of China. This represents the first re- cord of the genus Sweta Viraktamath & Dietrich from China and the second known species of the genus. The new taxon extends the range of the genus Sweta, previously known only from northeast India and Thailand, considerably eastwards.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Alternative Host Plants As Reservoirs of the Cotton Leaf Hopper, Amrasca Devastans, and Its Natural Enemies
    1 The importance of alternative host plants as reservoirs of the 2 cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans, and its natural enemies 3 4 Rabia Saeeda, Muhammad Razaqb and Ian C.W. Hardyc 5 6 aEntomology Department, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan 7 bDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin 8 Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 9 cSchool of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, 10 UK 11 12 13 14 15 Correspondence to: 16 Dr Ian C.W. Hardy 17 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, 18 Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK 19 20 Tel: +441159516052 21 Fax: +441159516261 22 Email: [email protected] 23 _____________________________________________ 24 Accepted 21-12-2-14 25 Saeed R, Razaq M & Hardy ICW 2015 The importance of alternative host plants as reservoirs 26 of the cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans, and its natural enemies. Journal of Pest 27 Science 88:517-531 28 _____________________________________________ 29 1 30 31 Abstract 32 Many agricultural pests can be harboured by alternative host plants but these can also harbour 33 the pests’ natural enemies. We evaluated the capacity of non-cotton plant species (both 34 naturally growing and cultivated) to function as alternative hosts for the cotton leaf hopper 35 Amrasca devastans (Homoptera: Ciccadellidae) and its natural enemies. Forty eight species 36 harboured A. devastans. Twenty four species were true breeding hosts, bearing both nymphal 37 and adult A. devastans, the rest were incidental hosts. The crop Ricinus communis and the 38 vegetables Abelomoschus esculentus and Solanum melongena had the highest potential for 39 harbouring A.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Leafhopper Genera of the Alebroides Genus Group (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with a Key to Genera of the Group
    Entomological Science (2017) doi: 10.1111/ens.12260 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Two new leafhopper genera of the Alebroides genus group (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with a key to genera of the group Ye XU1,SihanLU1, Yuru WANG1, Christopher H. DIETRICH2 and Daozheng QIN1 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China and 2 Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA Abstract Two new microleafhopper genera in the Alebroides genus group, Nulliata Lu, Xu & Qin, gen. nov., based on the type species N. rubrostriata Lu, Xu & Qin, sp. nov.,andInflatopina Lu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov., based on the type species I. intonsa Lu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov., are described from southwest China. Five known species in the Alebroides sohii species group are transferred to Inflatopina as new combinations. Keys to genera of the Alebroides genus group and species of Inflatopina are given. Key words: Auchenorrhyncha, microleafhopper, morphology, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION the cosmopolitan genus Empoasca Walsh, 1862). In contrast, the Alebroides group appears more stable in The microleafhopper tribe Empoascini comprises more classification, comprising 156 species in 25 genera so than 1,000 species in 85 previously described genera far, widely distributed in the Oriental, Palaearctic, from throughout the world. It can be distinguished from Afrotropical and Australian Regions but absent from other tribes of Typhlocybinae as follows: ocelli usually the New World (Xu et al. 2016). well developed; forewing without appendix; hind wing In China, the Alebroides group includes 14 genera and submarginal vein extended between apices of veins 58 species known to date (see checklist).
    [Show full text]
  • The Leafhoppers of Minnesota
    Technical Bulletin 155 June 1942 The Leafhoppers of Minnesota Homoptera: Cicadellidae JOHN T. MEDLER Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station The Leafhoppers of Minnesota Homoptera: Cicadellidae JOHN T. MEDLER Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Accepted for publication June 19, 1942 CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 3 Sources of material 4 Systematic treatment 4 Eurymelinae 6 Macropsinae 12 Agalliinae 22 Bythoscopinae 25 Penthimiinae 26 Gyponinae 26 Ledrinae 31 Amblycephalinae 31 Evacanthinae 37 Aphrodinae 38 Dorydiinae 40 Jassinae 43 Athysaninae 43 Balcluthinae 120 Cicadellinae 122 Literature cited 163 Plates 171 Index of plant names 190 Index of leafhopper names 190 2M-6-42 The Leafhoppers of Minnesota John T. Medler INTRODUCTION HIS bulletin attempts to present as accurate and complete a T guide to the leafhoppers of Minnesota as possible within the limits of the material available for study. It is realized that cer- tain groups could not be treated completely because of the lack of available material. Nevertheless, it is hoped that in its present form this treatise will serve as a convenient and useful manual for the systematic and economic worker concerned with the forms of the upper Mississippi Valley. In all cases a reference to the original description of the species and genus is given. Keys are included for the separation of species, genera, and supergeneric groups. In addition to the keys a brief diagnostic description of the important characters of each species is given. Extended descriptions or long lists of references have been omitted since citations to this literature are available from other sources if ac- tually needed (Van Duzee, 1917).
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Distribution of the Potato Leafhopper, Empoasca Fabae (Harris), Among Solanum Clones Richard Lloyd Miller Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1962 Seasonal distribution of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), among Solanum clones Richard Lloyd Miller Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Richard Lloyd, "Seasonal distribution of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), among Solanum clones " (1962). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2014. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2014 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 62—3020 microfilmed exactly as received MILLER, Richard Lloyd, 1931- SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER, EMPOASCA FABAE (HARRIS), AMONG SOLANUM CLONES. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1962 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OP THE POTATO LBAFHOPPER, EMPOASOA PABAE (HARRIS), AMONG SOLANÏÏM CLONES Richard Lloyd Miller A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Entomology Approved; Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. De ah of Graduate College Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1962 ii TABLE OP CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 REVIEW OP LITERATURE 3 Synonymy, Origin and Distribution of the Insect 3 Biological Observations 6 Host Plant Response to Infestation 13 Classification of the Potato 17 Origin of the Genua Solanum 20 Origin of Solanum tuberosum L.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary - Zoology - Intro
    1 Glossary - Zoology - Intro Abdomen: Posterior part of an arthropoda’ body; in vertebrates: abdomen between thorax and pelvic girdle. Acoelous: See coelom. Amixia: A restriction that prevents general intercrossing in a species leading to inbreeding. Anabiosis: Resuscitation after apparent death. Archenteron: See coelom. Aulotomy: Capacity of separating a limb; followed by regeneration; used also for asexual reproduction; see also fissipary (in echinodermata and platyhelminthes). Basal Lamina: Basal plate of developing neural tube; the noncellular, collagenous layer that separates an epithelium from an underlying layer of tissue; also basal membrane. Benthic: Organisms that live on ocean bottoms. Blastocoel: See coelom. Blastula: Stage of embryonic development, at / near the end of cleavage, preceding gastrulation; generally consisting of a hollow ball of cells (coeloblastula); if no blastoceol is present it is termed stereoblastulae (arise from isolecithal and moderately telolecithal ova); in meroblastic cleavage (only the upper part of the zygote is divided), the blastula consists of a disc of cells lying on top of the yolk mass; the blastocoel is reduced to the space separating the cells from the yolk mass. Blastoporus: The opening into the archenteron (the primitive gastric cavity of the gastrula = gastrocoel) developed by the invagination of the blastula = protostoma. Cephalisation: (Gk. kephale, little head) A type of animal body plan or organization in which one end contains a nerve-rich region and functions as a head. Cilium: (pl. cilia, long eyelash) A short, centriole-based, hairlike organelle: Rows of cilia propel certain protista. Cilia also aid the movement of substances across epithelial surfaces of animal cells. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes a series of rapid, synchronous mitotic divisions; results in a ball of many cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Leafhoppers1
    Insects/Mites that Feed on Hemp – Fluid Feeders Leafhoppers1 Leafhoppers are small insects (1/8-1/6 inch) that have an elongate body. The adults, which are winged, readily jump and fly from plants when disturbed. Immature stages (nymphs) are wingless but can quite actively crawl on plants. The leafhoppers associated with hemp are poorly studied at present but adults of about a half dozen species have been collected in sweep net samples. Most regularly found is Ceratagallia uhleri, which is one of the few leafhoppers found on hemp that can also reproduce on the plant (Fig 1,2). No visible plant injury has ever been observed by this leafhopper. Another leafhopper, a small light green species tentatively identified in the genus Empoasca, also reproduces on the crop. (Fig. 3, 4). Other leafhoppers are less frequently collected (Fig. 5-7). Sampling of hemp has resulted in recovery of only adult stages of Figures 1, 2. Adult (top) and nymph (bottom) of most of these. Most leafhoppers observed Ceratagallia uhleri, the most common leafhopper on hemp leaves appear to be transient found in hemp in eastern Colorado and a species species on the crop, which develop on that can reproduce on the crop. No plant injury has other off-field plants. These transients been observed by this insect. may feed briefly on the plants, or may not feed at all on hemp. Leafhoppers feed on leaves and stems with piercing sucking mouthparts that extract a bit of fluid from the plant. Most feed on fluids moving through the phloem of plants, resulting in insignificant effects on plant growth and no visible symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • 197 Section 9 Sunflower (Helianthus
    SECTION 9 SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) 1. Taxonomy of the Genus Helianthus, Natural Habitat and Origins of the Cultivated Sunflower A. Taxonomy of the genus Helianthus The sunflower belongs to the genus Helianthus in the Composite family (Asterales order), which includes species with very diverse morphologies (herbs, shrubs, lianas, etc.). The genus Helianthus belongs to the Heliantheae tribe. This includes approximately 50 species originating in North and Central America. The basis for the botanical classification of the genus Helianthus was proposed by Heiser et al. (1969) and refined subsequently using new phenological, cladistic and biosystematic methods, (Robinson, 1979; Anashchenko, 1974, 1979; Schilling and Heiser, 1981) or molecular markers (Sossey-Alaoui et al., 1998). This approach splits Helianthus into four sections: Helianthus, Agrestes, Ciliares and Atrorubens. This classification is set out in Table 1.18. Section Helianthus This section comprises 12 species, including H. annuus, the cultivated sunflower. These species, which are diploid (2n = 34), are interfertile and annual in almost all cases. For the majority, the natural distribution is central and western North America. They are generally well adapted to dry or even arid areas and sandy soils. The widespread H. annuus L. species includes (Heiser et al., 1969) plants cultivated for seed or fodder referred to as H. annuus var. macrocarpus (D.C), or cultivated for ornament (H. annuus subsp. annuus), and uncultivated wild and weedy plants (H. annuus subsp. lenticularis, H. annuus subsp. Texanus, etc.). Leaves of these species are usually alternate, ovoid and with a long petiole. Flower heads, or capitula, consist of tubular and ligulate florets, which may be deep purple, red or yellow.
    [Show full text]
  • Selection of Housekeeping Genes and Demonstration of Rnai in Cotton Leafhopper
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Entomology Faculty Publications Entomology 1-12-2018 Selection of Housekeeping Genes and Demonstration of RNAi in Cotton Leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) Satnam Singh Punjab Agricultural University, India Mridula Gupta Punjab Agricultural University, India Suneet Pandher Punjab Agricultural University, India Gurmeet Kaur Punjab Agricultural University, India Pankaj Rathore Punjab Agricultural University, India See next page for additional authors Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_facpub Part of the Entomology Commons, and the Genetics and Genomics Commons Repository Citation Singh, Satnam; Gupta, Mridula; Pandher, Suneet; Kaur, Gurmeet; Rathore, Pankaj; and Palli, Subba Reddy, "Selection of Housekeeping Genes and Demonstration of RNAi in Cotton Leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida)" (2018). Entomology Faculty Publications. 155. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_facpub/155 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Satnam Singh, Mridula Gupta, Suneet Pandher, Gurmeet Kaur, Pankaj Rathore, and Subba Reddy Palli Selection of Housekeeping Genes and Demonstration of RNAi in Cotton Leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) Notes/Citation Information Published in PLOS ONE, v. 13, no. 1, e0191116, p. 1-21. This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • The Leafhopper Vectors of Phytopathogenic Viruses (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) Taxonomy, Biology, and Virus Transmission
    /«' THE LEAFHOPPER VECTORS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND VIRUS TRANSMISSION Technical Bulletin No. 1382 Agricultural Research Service UMTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals gave valuable assistance in the preparation of this work, for which I am deeply grateful. I am especially indebted to Miss Julianne Rolfe for dissecting and preparing numerous specimens for study and for recording data from the literature on the subject matter. Sincere appreciation is expressed to James P. Kramer, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., for providing the bulk of material for study, for allowing access to type speci- mens, and for many helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to William J. Knight, British Museum (Natural History), London, for loan of valuable specimens, for comparing type material, and for giving much useful information regarding the taxonomy of many important species. I am also grateful to the following persons who allowed me to examine and study type specimens: René Beique, Laval Univer- sity, Ste. Foy, Quebec; George W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence; Dwight M. DeLong and Paul H. Freytag, Ohio State University, Columbus; Jean L. LaiFoon, Iowa State University, Ames; and S. L. Tuxen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Co- penhagen, Denmark. To the following individuals who provided additional valuable material for study, I give my sincere thanks: E. W. Anthon, Tree Fruit Experiment Station, Wenatchee, Wash.; L. M. Black, Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana; W. E. China, British Museum (Natu- ral History), London; L. N. Chiykowski, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa ; G. H. L. Dicker, East Mailing Research Sta- tion, Kent, England; J.
    [Show full text]