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121. Aponcynacées À 126. Boraginacées

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121. Aponcynacées À 126. Boraginacées - - ---------" ore des Mascareignes 121 Apocynacée a 126 Boraginacées ltlB.. ROYAL Institut de recherche pour le développement BOTA 1 GARDEN Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute KEW Royal Botanic Garden (Kew) FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES LA RÉUNION, MAURICE, RODRIGUES 121. APOCYNACÉES à 126. BORAGINACÉES ERRATUM FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES LA RÉUNION, MAURICE. RODRIGUES 121. APOCYNACÉES à 126. BORAGlNACÉES En raison d'une police de caractère défectueuse, le « v» minuscule en italique n'apparaît pas ou apparaît imparfaitement à l'impression, dans l'ensemble du pré­ sent volume. Les noms des espèces concernées figurent ci-dessous, regroupés par famille. Famille 121 - APOCYNACÉES P. 5 : Cerbera venenifera, Tanghinia venenifera, Craspidospermum verticil­ latum ,. p. 7 : Allamanda violacea ,. p. 17 : Rauvolfia striata ,. p. 24 : Tabernae­ montan nervosa, Tabernaemontana parviflora ,. p. 27 : Nerium divaricatum, Tabernaemontan divaricata ; p. 28 : Cerbera thevetia, C. peruviana. Index p. 29-30. Famille 122 - ASCLÉPIADACÉES P. 2 : Marsdenia verrucosa, Sicyocarpus verrucosus; p. 10 : Buddleja volubilis ,. p. 12 : variété volubilis; p. 17 : Tylophora laevigata ,. p. 24 : Sarcostemma vimi­ nale ,. p. 26 : Euphorbia viminalis, Cynanchum viminale, S. viminale ,. p. 32 : T. laevigata. Index p. 35, 36. Famille 123 - LOGANIACÉES P. 1 : Buddleja davidii ,. p. 5 : G. ovatum ,. p. 7 : G. parvifolium ; p. 9 : G. parvi­ folium, Strychnos nux-vomica ; p. 12 : Nuxia verticil/ata ,. p. 15 : Buddleja diver­ sifolia. Nicodemia diversifolia ,. p. 17 : Nicodemia diversifolia ,. p. 20 : Buddleja volubilis. Index p. 21,22. Famille 126 - BORAGINACÉES P. 6 : Varronia curassavica ; p. 9 : C. ovalis ; p. 12 : E. laevis ; p. 18 : T. velu­ tina ; p. 19: T. velutina ,. p. 21 : H. peruvianum ,. p. 22 : H. ovalifolium. Index p. 37,38, 39. Sont également concernés, les noms d'herbiers: Rivals, Boivin, Ruiz et Pavon ,. l'index des familles en fin d'ouvrage: Papavéracées, Malvacées, Averrhoacées, Agavacées, Salvadoracée, Convol­ vulacées ,. ainsl que des locutions et mots latins: nom. inval., stat. nov., sp. nov., ovato, brevipedicellatis, incurvatisque. nom. nov. FLORE DES MASCAREIG-NES LA RÉUNION, MAURICE, RODRIGUES 121. APOCYNACÉES à 126. BORAGINACÉES Préparée sous la direction de J.c. AUTREY J. BOSSER I.K. FERGUSON (MSIRI) (IRD) (KEW) INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, PARIS MAURITIUS SUGAR INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, ILE MAURICE THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW Paris, avril 2005 Comité de rédaction J. BOSSER, J. GUÉHO La loi du 1er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n'autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l'article L. 122-5, d'une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective» et, d'autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans le but d'exemple ou d'illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l'auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite» (alinéa [er de l'article L. 122-4), Cette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constituerait donc une contrefaçon passible des peines prévues au titre III de la loi précitée, © IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, 2005 ISBN: 2-7099-1563-4 FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES 121. APOCYNACÉES par A.J.M. Leeuwenberg* & Rudjiman (Beaumontia)** Arbres, arbrisseaux, lianes ou parfois plantes herbacées, le plus souvent à latex blanc, visqueux. Feuilles opposées, verticillées ou plus rarement alternes, simples, penninerves, entières, habituellement sans stipules. Fleurs bisexuées, généralement régulières, 5- ou rarement 4-mères. Calice muni souvent de colléters à l'intérieur. Corolle tubuleuse, munie parfois d'une couronne; lobes contortés ou occasionnellement valvaires (non aux Mascareignes). Étamines insérées sur la corolle; filets souvent très courts, généralement libres; anthères souvent triangulaires, conniventes autour ou au-dessus du stigmate et souvent cohérentes avec celui-ci, à 2 loges, souvent en partie stériles et munies parfois d'appendices apicaux; loges parallèles, distinctes, déhiscentes par des fentes longitudi­ nales ; pollen granuleux. Ovaire supère ou parfois partiellement infère, uniloculaire et à 2 placentas pariétaux ou biloculaire et à placentas axiles ou composé de 2 (rarement plus) carpelles libres ou partiellement soudés à leur base, chacun à placenta adaxial ; ovules 2-nombreux ; style 1, souvent à base fendue quand les carpelles sont ± séparés; stigmate composé d'une partie inférieure grande, la tête du pistil, de forme variable, à zone réceptive latérale et/ou basale au-dessous du niveau de cohérence des anthères, et d'une petite partie apicale habituellement stérile. Disque annulaire, cupuliforme ou composé de glandes distinctes, ou absent. Fruit entier ou formé de 2 carpelles (rarement plus) libres ou partiellement connés, bacciforme, drupacé ou folliculaire. Graines des fruits secs souvent ailées ou munies d'une aigrette, le plus souvent à albumen et à grand embryon. Famille d'environ 180 genres et 1 700 espèces, la plupart tropicaux. Certains genres sont connus pour leurs propriétés médicinales. Trois de ces genres ayant chacun une espèce endémique aux Mascareignes et 7 autres ayant au moins une espèce fréquemment cultivée, sont traités ci-après. En outre, les espèces suivantes ne sont connues que par des échantillons, parfois anciens, venant des jardins botaniques des Mascareignes: Aganosma diehotoma (Roth.) K. Schum., A. marginata (Roxb.) G. Don; Alstonia maerophylla Wall. ex G. Don, A. neriifolia D. Don, A. seholaris (L.) R. Br. (ces trois espèces signalées par Bojer, H.M. : 210­ 211) ; Aneylobotrys petersiana (Klotzsch) Pierre; Anodendron manubriatum (Wall.) Merr. ; Cerbera enenifera (Poir.) Steud. (Tanghinia enenifera Poir., Bojer, H.M. : 207) ; Craspidospermum erticillatum Bojer ex A. Oc., Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex G. Don, Kopsia [ruticosa (Ker Gawl.) A. Oc., Landolphia gummifera (Lam.) K. Schum. (= Vahea madagaseariensis Bojer, H.M. : 207) ; Masearenhasia arborescens A. Oc. ; Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lemaire; Wrightia eoecinea (Roxb.) Sims et W. tinetoria R. Br. (ces deux espèces signalées par Bojer, H.M. : 208). Nous n'avons vu aucun matériel des autres espèces citées par Bojer, H.M. : 205-211 et nous n'en faisons pas mention ci-après. * Agricultural University, Wageningen, Pays-Bas. ** Gadjahmada University, Yogyakarta, Indonésie. 5 121. APOCYNACÉES 1. ALLAMANDA 1. Feuilles alternes; plantes cultivées. 2 Feuilles opposées ou verticillées; plantes indigènes ou cultivées. 3 2. Tiges épaisses, crassulescentes ; fleurs généralement blanches ou rosâtres à cœur jaune; tube de la corolle cylindrique; feuilles de 20(-30) x 5(-11) cm environ, parfois absentes en saison sèche. 7. Plumeria Tiges non crassulescentes ; fleurs jaunes, à tube en entonnoir large; feuilles de 5-14 x 0,5-1 cm, toujours présentes. 10. Thevetia 3. Plantes herbacées ou petits sous-arbrisseaux de 20-50(-100) cm de hauteur; corolle blanche ou rose, à tube étroit; limbe large et brusquement étalé. 4. Catharanthus Plantes ligneuses. 4 4. Feuilles opposées. 5 Feuilles en verticilles. 8 5. Plantes épineuses. 3. Carissa Plantes inermes. 6 6. Plante grimpante, volubile; corolle grande, blanche ou jaune pâle, à tube en enton- noir, longue de 10 cm environ; cultivée et naturalisée. 2. 8eaumontia Arbrisseaux ou petits arbres à ramification dichotomique; corolle beaucoup plus petite, à tube atteignant 23 mm de longueur. 7 7. Corolle blanche ou jaune pâle, à tube étroit, presque cylindrique; méricarpes charnus; graines sans aigrette. 9. Tabernaemontana Corolle orangée ou rougeâtre; tube à partie basale étroite: méricarpes secs; graines munies d'une aigrette; plante cultivée et naturalisée. 8. Strophanthus 8. Corolle grande, généralement jaune, à tube largement en entonnoir; anthères insérées sur la partie basale du tube. 1. Allamanda Corolle blanche ou rose, si tube en entonnoir, munie alors à la gorge d'une couronne et à anthères munies d'appendices longs. 9 9. Feuilles ternées, coriaces et rigides, à nervation finement réticulée sur la face infé- rieure ; tube de la corolle en entonnoir; plante cultivée. 5. Nerium Feuilles en verticilles de quatre, sans nervation réticulée; corolle à tube cylindrique; plante endémique. 6. Ochrosia 1. ALLAMANDA L. Mant. 2 : 146,214 (1771) Arbustes sarmenteux. Feuilles en verticilles de 3-5, persistantes, subcoriaces, à ner- . vures latérales peu courbées, distinctes sur le sec; pétiole ayant des colléters à l'aisselle. Inflorescences en cymes circinées, pédonculées, bractéolées ; fleurs grandes. Sépales grands, pâles, libres, sans carène. Corolle campanulée ; tube à partie basale étroite, 6 2. BEAUMONTIA 121. APOCYNACÉES cylindrique et partie supérieure dilatée en cloche et munie à sa base, derrière les éta­ mines, de 5 écailles poilues; lobes étalés, ovales, obtus, se recouvrant à gauche. Étamines insérées à la base de la partie dilatée du tube; anthères subsessiles, libres, oblongues, sans appendices basaux, à connectif aigu au sommet. Tête du pistil cylindrique, à anneau basal, le sommet globuleux, dilaté, muni de 2 appendices apicaux courts et obtus, attei­ gnant les anthères. Ovaire entouré d'un disque cupuliforme ou de 5 écailles, bicarpellé mais uniloculaire, multi-ovulé sur 2 placentas. Fruit capsulaire, septicide, couvert de longues épines assez molles. Graines aplaties, subcirculaires ; albumen corné; embryon droit, central, à cotylédons
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