IV. How Did the Transcontinental Railroad Affect Settlement in the West?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

IV. How did the transcontinental railroad affect settlement in the west? Unit 2 Notes III A. As more Americans began moving west, the need to send goods and information between the East and the West increased . B. In 1860 a system of messengers on horseback called the Pony Express carried mail between relay stations on a route about 2000 miles long. However, telegraph lines, which sent messages faster, quickly put the Pony Express out of business. Pony Express C. Some Americans wanted to build a transcontinental railroad. D. The federal government, passed the Pacific Railway Acts in 1862 and in 1864. These acts gave railroad companies loans and large land grants that could be sold to pay for construction costs. E. Two companies, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific, led the race to complete the transcontinental railroad. In February 1863, the Central Pacific began building east from Sacramento, California. At the end of the year, the Union Pacific started building west from Omaha, Nebraska. F. The Union Pacific hired thousands of railroad workers, particularly Irish immigrants. Chinese immigrants made up some 85% of the Central Pacific workforce. The Chinese were forced to work longer hours, for less pay, under much more dangerous conditions than other workers. Union Pacific Central Pacific G. Congress required the two completed rail lines to connect at Promontory, Utah. On May 10, 1869, a golden spike was used to connect the railroad tie joining the two tracks. Promontory, UT and the Golden Spike The Golden Spike •The spike is engraved on all four sides as follows: •"The Pacific Railroad ground broken Jany. 8th 1863, and completed May 8th 1869." •"Directors of the C. P. R. R. of Cal. Hon. Leland Stanford. C. P. Huntington. E. B. Crocker. Mark Hopkins. A. P. Stanford. E. H. Miller Jr." •"Officers. Hon. Leland Stanford. Presdt. C. P. Huntington Vice Presdt. E. B. Crocker. Atty. Mark Hopkins. Tresr. Chas Crocker Gen. Supdt. E. H. Miller Jr. Secty. S. S. Montague. Chief Engr." •"May God continue the unity of our Country, as the Railroad unites the two great Oceans of the world. Presented by David Hewes San Francisco." •Just for the record, the golden spike is not pure gold, but rather a mixture of alloys, as gold is too soft to be hit with a hammer. It is in fact 73% gold and weighs 14.03 troy ounces. H. Effects of the Transcontinental Railroad: 1. Increased both economic growth and the population in the west. 2. Railroad companies provided better transportation for people and goods. 3. New railroads also helped businesses. Western timber companies, miners, ranchers, and farmers shipped wood, metal, meat, and grain east by railroad. H. Effects of the Transcontinental Railroad: 4. In exchange, eastern companies shipped finished goods to the West. 5. By 1890 there were about 164,000 more miles of track in operation than in 1865. 6. Railroads became one of the largest industries in the U.S. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

The Man Who Cave the Golden Spike
THE MAN WHO CAVE THE GOLDEN SPIKE By ROBIN LAMFSON 0 TWO VIEWS OF THE GOLDEN LAST SPIKE (as originally cast and engraved by the silversmiths, with the extra portion — the "second spike" of the receipted bill, but actually just the surplus gold that filled the "gate" of the mold — still attached. These two views of the Last Spike are from rare photographs which obviously had to be taken between May 4 and May 10, 1869.) the man who gave the golden spike Bv ROBIN LAMPSON THE CHIMES PRESS - RICHMOND, CALIFORNIA - 1969 COPYRIGHT, 1969, BY ROBIN LAMPSON FIRST EDITION BOOKS BY ROBIN LAMPSON On Reaching Sixteen and Other Verses Terza-Rima Sonnets Laughter out of the Ground A Song of Pindar in Hades* The Mending of a Continent San Francisco Souvenir Death Loses a Pair of Wings EDITED BY R. L., with preface, postscript and new title: A Vulcan Among the Argonauts (an abrigment of John Carr's Pioneer Days in California.) Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum Property of CPRR.org © 2006 - Use by permission only. Use constitutes acceptance of the CPRR.org User Agreement. TO A. M. WCHARDS, Jr. FOREWORD This chapter out of the early history of the American West was originally written for publication on the radio, and was read on Station KSFO by the author. It was one of thirteen historical sketches that made up the radio program "San Francisco Souvenir," sponsored by the Wells Fargo Bank & Union Trust Company. The present version has been completely rewritten for this publication. CREDITS FOR ILLUSTRATIONS The receipted bill for the Golden Spike: Stanford University archives.
[Show full text]
City of Orange Historic Context Statement
City of Orange Historic Context Statement Prepared by Chattel Architecture, Planning & Preservation, Inc. Prepared for P&D Consultants for the City of Orange General Plan Update Revised November 2006 City of Orange Historic Context Statement Introduction and Methodology This historic context statement for the City of Orange (hereinafter “city” or “Orange”) is a synthesis of existing documentation and new research. The city currently contains two historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) – The Plaza Historic District (Plaza District, listed in 1982) and the Old Towne Orange Historic District (Old Towne National Register District, listed in 1997). The City also contains a locally designated Old Towne district (Old Towne Local District or Old Towne, established in 1981 and described in the current City Historic Preservation Element). Each of these three districts has different boundaries and histories, or historic context statements. The following updated historic context statement for Old Towne and selected areas outside of Old Towne combines these histories, in addition to other histories compiled by the City and the Orange Public Library, as well as original historic research performed by Chattel Architecture, Planning & Preservation, Inc. (Chattel Architecture) and its archaeological sub-consultant, PAR Environmental Services, Inc. (PAR). Chattel Architecture conducted research at the Orange Public Library, the Orange County Archives, the UCLA Air Photo Archives, the Fairchild Aerial Photo Collection at Whittier College, and the Los Angeles Public Library. Additional general historical information comes from Phil Brigandi’s Orange: The City ‘Round the Plaza, and information on the Cypress Street Barrio comes from the Shades of Orange event held in Orange on June 4, 2005 and interviews with members of the Orange Barrio Historical Society.
[Show full text]
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Subdivision Map of Anapauma Showing the Fruit Lands of David Hewes Located in Orange County, California Stock#: 50312 Map Maker: Hewes Date: 1894 Place: San Francisco Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG+ Size: 19 x 18 inches Price: $ 1,400.00 Description: Fine example of the original subdivision promotional map for Anapauma, California, a short-lived real estate development in Southern California promoted by David Hewes, who is perhaps most famous for having been the creator of the "Golden Spike." Anapauma was located just south of El Modena, between Orange and Tustin, California, in the heart of Orange County. Formed only a few years earlier in 1889, Orange County was in the midst of its first significant real estate boom. While the map is interesting as an early development and promotional map for land in Orange County, the map is of perhaps even greater historical interest as one of the last business ventures of California businessman David Hewes, whose many accomplishments include participation in the creation of the University of California, the grading and filling of large sections of San Francisco Bay and Mission Bay and the invention of the "Golden Spike" as a commemoration of the joining of the eastern and western parts of the first transcontinental railroad. The map shows the lots planted (by Hewes himself) in blue and the lots ready to plant in orange. Several major Orange County streets are already named, including Newport Avenue, Esplande Avenue, Chapman Avenue and Hewes Avenue.
[Show full text]
Teacher's Guide
TEACHER’S GUIDE Chinese Railroad Workers’ Experience Exhibit | 4th Grade | 2020 CHINESE RAILROAD WORKERS’ EXPERIENCE EXHIBIT The nation’s first Transcontinental Railroad, completed on May 10, 1869, had a profound impact on the nation’s development. More than ninety percent of the Central Pacific Railroad’s workforce was Chinese. They were vital to the successful completion of the railroad that changed life in America forever. Based on the latest research, this teacher’s guide provides you with background information and engaging student activities. 1. Summit Tunnel, No. 119. WHAT’S INSIDE THIS GUIDE - Background information on the building of the Transcontinental railroad & the Chinese railroad workers’ experience fueled by the latest research. - Transcontinental Railroad Timeline - Glossary of Terms - Resources for further reading CaliforniaStateRailroad.Museum - Student Activities [email protected] (916) 323-9280 California State Railroad Museum Chinese Railroad Workers’ Experience Exhibit Teacher’s Guide 4th Grade California State Railraod Museum Interpretation & Education Research & Writing: Debbie Hollingsworth, M.A. Graphic Design & Interpretation: Kim Whitfield, M.A. First Edition, 2020. California Teaching Standards: 4.4.1, 4.4.3, RI 4.1, 4.3. 4.6, W 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 © 2020 California State Parks & California State Railroad Museum californiarailroad.museum/education www.parks.ca.gov Questions about this handbook should be directed to: California State Railroad Museum Interpretation & Education California State Parks 111 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814 Phone: (916) 323-9280 [email protected] Teacher’s Guide: Chinese Railroad Workers’ Experience Exhibit 2020 3 INTRODUCTION The nation’s first transcontinental Experience offers visitors a view railroad, completed on May 10, of a labor force that achieved the 1869, had a profound impact impossible and was subsequently on the nation’s development.
[Show full text]
The Camron-Stanford House Self-Guided Tour
The Camron-Stanford House Self-Guided Tour Camron-Stanford House Timeline 1876- Alice Marsh and her husband William Walker Camron purchase the property at 1218 Oak Street (now 1418 Lakeside Drive). 1877- Alice and William’s youngest daughter, Gracie (age 2), passes away. The family puts the house up for rent and embarks on a tour of Europe. 1877- David Hewes rents the house. He, his wife Matilda, and his stepdaughter Franklina C. Gray move in at the end of their own two year tour of Europe and the Middle East. 1878- Franklina and William Bartlett marry at the Camron-Stanford House. The ceremony is held in the bay window of the family parlor. 1881- The Hewes and Bartlett families move to Southern California. 1882- After a series of bad business deals, the Camrons are forced to sell their lakefront home. The house is purchased by Josiah Stanford. Josiah, his wife Helen and their son Josiah Jr. (Joe) move in. 1890- Josiah Stanford passes away at the Camron-Stanford House 1891- Alice Gertude Gordon, wife of Josiah Jr. and daughter-in-law to Josiah and Helen Stanford, passes away in the house shortly she suffers a stillbirth. Her funeral is held on site. 1903- Helen Stanford sells the house to Captain John Tennent Wright, Jr. 1907- The Wright family sells house to the City of Oakland for $40,000. 1910- The city expands the house to serve as Oakland’s first public museum, showcasing Oakland’s ethnography and anthropology collections. 1967-1969- Following the building of the Oakland Museum of California, the property is vacated.
[Show full text]
The Desert Dispatch
Volume 2 – Number 2 April 2020 Arizona Railroad The Desert Historical Society DISPATCH Timetable Layout Work Continues at Layout Work Sessions Home during Museum Arizona Capitol Museum Closure 1700 W. Washington St. Phoenix, AZ Special Notice Regarding COVID-19 The safety and well-being of our staff, volunteers, and visitors are our highest priorities. The Arizona Capitol Museum is following the guidance distributed by the The scale model of the Arizona Capitol Building was recently completed Governor’s Office and Arizona by Wayne Wesolowski of Tucson. It will be the centerpiece of the Phoenix Department of Health Services section of the layout. regarding the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). As a public health precaution, the Museum will be President’s Message closed to the public until By Don Stewart, ARHS President further notice. More info at: Well, here we are sitting at home keeping safe. What can we do to https://azlibrary.gov/azcm keep busy? If you have a building for the ARHS layout, now is a perfect time to finish it up for installation on the layout. I am building narrow gauge turnouts. I have completed 19 so far. I think we need ARHS Spring Swap Meet more but will check with the designers of the modified Narrow Saturday, May 16, 2020 Gauge line. I have a dual gauge turnout to build, so I got a jig. Who knew there was a toad involved? I guess it is the narrow-gauge frog. CANCELLED So, if you have buildings, accessories, scenery to work on or design, More information, call: have at it.
[Show full text]
David Hewes: an Autobiography
LIEUTENANT JOSHUA HEWES A NEW ENGLAND PIONEER AND SOME OF HIS DESCENDANTS WITH MATERIALS FOR A GENEALOGICAL HISTORY OF OTHER FAMILIES OF THE NAME AND A SKE TCH OF JOSEPH HEWES THE SIGNER EDITED AND CHIEFLY COMPILED BY EBEN PUTNAM Member California Genealogical Society, etc. PRIVATELY PRINTED 1913 J. F. TAPLEY CO. NEW YORK Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum Property of CPRR.org © 2005 - Use by permission only. Use constitutes acceptance of the CPRR.org User Agreement. PREFACE The Psalmist has written that " the days of man are three score and ten," and yet the cases are numerous where the Master has permitted, for His own good reasons, the extension of in- dividual lives far beyond this period, and it is with a heart filled with gratitude and love, I acknowledge His mercies, protection, and loving kindness vouchsafed throughout my long and varied life. It has ever been a great pleasure to me, from time to time, to dwell upon the pleasant relations I have ever maintained with my kinspeople, and to observe with much gratification how the younger generations have followed in the footsteps of their pred- ecessors. Being the youngest of a large family of children, it has been my privilege to enjoy association with an unusually large num- ber of nephews, nieces, grand nephews and grand nieces, even to the third generation, and to watch, with pride and pleasure, the development of certain hereditary characteristics which have seemed to me to have directly and positively descended from our Hewes ancestry. My father, Col. Joel Hewes of Lynnfield, was a man of intense energy, with whom to think was to act; who knew not the word de- feat ; and who to the day of his death, which occurred at the early age of forty-one years, was ever positively and prominently in- terested in the daily occurrences and duties of life.
[Show full text]
Our First Transcontinental Railroad the Last Gold Spikes at Promontory, Utah May 10, 1869
Our First Transcontinental Railroad And The The Last Gold Spikes at Promontory, Utah May 10, 1869 By Edson T. Strobridge San Luis Obispo, California Biographer of James Harvey Strobridge Superintendent of Construction, Central Pacific Railroad © November 17, 2005 1. The Hewes Stanford Gold Spike is in fact at Stanford University Museum and apparently has been in their possession or control since David Hewes donated it to the University in 1892. The confusion as to its authenticity developed by the research by Prof. Robin Lampson in which he was mislead at several points. He either failed to recognize or ignored the Jewelers receipt he found in 1937 which listed the charges for "Finishing 2 Gold Spikes" and did not recognize that the two photos he was given by Mrs. Mabel Hewes Chandler were not of the original spike but of a second spike which was still unknown outside the Hewes family. He was not alone in overlooking the description of 2 spikes on the receipt as the receipt had been donated to Stanford and is/was framed and hanging on the wall in the Stanford Archives Room for public display. No record of anyone else, Lampson, Stanford Archivist, historian or visitor, has ever questioned if there were actually two spikes. Lampson's research was further confounded by the National Park Service who borrowed the brass replica from Stanford, duplicated the spike exactly but then duplicated the engraving, not from the Stanford replica, but from the Hewes photographs of the second spike that Prof. Lampson had earlier provided without realizing the difference.
[Show full text]
The Cupola 1975
Oakland City Landmark The Cupola 1975 National Register of Historical Places Newsletter 1976 of the Alameda County Historical Society Landmark Pardee Home Museum 1985 California Historic Landmark Winter / Spring 2019 1998 The Cameron-Stanford House Cameron and her husband William located in the Warm Springs area By Ron Bachman Walker Cameron were the first which later became Fremont, occupants in 1876. Alice had inherited California. This winery later became a sizable estate from her father, John the Weibel Winery. The Stanfords sold Marsh, who was the first successful the house in 1903. physician in California. Her inheritance John and Terilla Wright purchased the was used for their home purchase. In CS House in 1903 and lived there until 1877 the couple’s youngest daughter, 1907. It was then acquired by the City Gracie, died. Alice no longer felt of Oakland and became Oakland’s comfortable in the house and they First Public Museum which specialized moved. Her husband, William, in History and Anthropology. In 1965 its squandered the rest of her inheritance collection of artifacts were transferred on real estate schemes. They divorced to the collection of the Oakland in 1891. John Marsh and wife, Abigail, The Camron-Stanford House is one of Museum of California that was being along with Alice and daughters Gracie built. the five historic homes in Oakland that and Amy are buried in Mountain View In 1971 the City of Oakland and the can be toured. Dating from its Cemetery. construction in 1876, it has been an Camron Stanford House Restoration integral part of Oakland’s history.
[Show full text]
Promontory Summit, May 10, 1869
Promontory Summit, May 10, 1869 A History of the Site Where The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads Joined to Form the First Transcontinental Railroad, 1869, With a Special Focus on the Tents of May 10, and with Recommendations for Interpretation of and Historic Furnishings Study for the Tents at the Last Spike Site, Golden Spike National Historic Site, Utah By Robert L. Spude, History Program And with the assistance of Todd Delyea, Historic Architecture Program The Arizona Spike UP Museum Cultural Resources Management Intermountain Region, National Park Service 2005 THE GREAT EVENT CONSUMATED “The last rail is laid; the last spike is driven; the Pacific Railroad is completed.” In such terse and brief terms as these is the announcement made to the world that the great event of the age is finally accomplished. In the face of natural obstacles of the most forbidding character, the shores of the Atlantic and the Pacific are at last practically united by an iron highway spanning the continent… From henceforth we are in the Union and of it, and the great event of the age has brought us all home at last. Daily Alta California, San Francisco, May 11, 1869 PACIFIC RAILROAD The greatest epoch in the history of Chicago was that which occurred on yesterday, in the laying of the last connecting link in the great iron band, the Pacific Railroad, which cements the social and commercial interests in the eastward and westward extremes of the American Continent. This event, stupendous in its results affecting the entire country, if not the entire world, is to Chicago the dawn of a new era in the future greatness and prosperity of the city, and it follows that Chicago should rejoice.
[Show full text]
Utah History Encyclopedia
GOLDEN SPIKE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE Joining of the rails at Promontory, 1869 On 10 May 1869 from Promontory Summit northwest of Ogden, Utah, a single telegraphed word, "done," signaled to the nation the completion of the first transcontinental railroad. Railroad crews of the Union Pacific, 8,000 to 10,000 Irish, German, and Italian immigrants, had pushed west from Omaha, Nebraska. At Promontory they met crews of the Central Pacific, which had included over 10,000 Chinese laborers, who had built the line east from Sacramento, California. Actually, the construction crews built several miles of track parallel to each other. The federal legislation chartering the transcontinental project had not provided that the tracks join. There was nothing to prevent each line from continuing to build and thus increase the subsidies it might receive from the federal government. Therefore, Congress acted to set the meeting point at Promontory. The ceremony that day to mark the completion of the last set of ties and spikes was somewhat disorganized. The crowd pressed so close to the engines that reporters could not see or hear much of what was actually said, which accounts for many discrepancies in the various accounts. Union Pacific′s No. 119 and Central Pacific′s "Jupiter" engines lined up facing each other on the tracks, separated only by the width of one rail. Leland Stanford, one of the "Big Four" of the Central Pacific, had brought four ceremonial spikes. The famed "Golden Spike" was presented by David Hewes, a San Francisco construction magnate. It was engraved with the names of the Central Pacific directors, special 1 of 4 sentiments appropriate to the occasion, and, on the head, the notation "the Last Spike." A second golden spike was presented by the San Francisco News Letter.
[Show full text]
Golden Spike U.S
National Park Service Golden Spike U.S. Department of the Interior Golden Spike National Historic Site P. O. Box 897 Brigham City, UT 84302 www.nps.gov/gosp Four Special Spikes The Golden Spike Ceremony, which took place May 10, 1869, was held at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. During that Ceremony, four special spikes were presented. THE GOLDEN SPIKE San Francisco contractor David Hewes, friend of After casting, the golden spike was engraved on Central Pacific President Leland Stanford, was all four sides and the top. Two sides bore the disappointed to discover no one had prepared a names of railroad officers and directors. commemorative item for the completion of the Another side was engraved, “The Pacific transcontinental railroad, which was scheduled Railroad ground broken Jany 8th 1863 and to be finished on May 8, 1869. Unable to completed May 8th 1869.” The fourth side was persuade anyone to finance the casting of a solid engraved, “May God continue the unity of our gold or silver section of rail, Hewes decided country as the railroad unites the two great upon a more practical token. Using about $400 Oceans of the world. Presented David Hewes of his own gold, he had the William T. Garatt San Francisco.” The top of the spike was simply Foundry of San Francisco cast a golden spike. engraved, “The Last Spike.” The spike was 5 5/8 inches long, weighed 14.03 ounces and was made of 17.6 carat gold. Only about $350 worth of gold, however, was used to make the actual spike. The remainder was left attached to the spike in a large sprue.
[Show full text]