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QUESTION BANK with ANSWERS Unit I (ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS) PART a 1
BE 8253 - Basic Electrical, Electronics and instrumentation Engineering QUESTION BANK WITH ANSWERS Unit I (ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS) PART A 1. State Ohm’s law. (DEC 14) Ohm’s law states that the voltage (v) across a resistor is directly proportional to the current (i) flowing through the resistor, at constant temperature. ie, v α i ,v = iR, where R is the resistance (Ω). 2. State Kirchoff’s Current law. (MAY 13) KCL (Kirchoff’s Current Law) states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero. (or)The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node. 3. State Kirchoff’s Voltage law. (MAY 13) KVL (Kirchoff’s Voltage Law) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero. (or) Sum of voltage drop = Sum of voltage rise. 4. An Electric iron is rated 1000W, 240V. Find the current drawn & resistance of the heating element. P=V2/R ; R= 2402/1000 = 57.6Ω and I= V/R =240/57.6 = 4.166 A 5. Define i) charge ii) electric current iii) power iv) network & v) circuit. i) Charge: Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs(C ). ii) Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes(A). i = dq/dt A direct current (DC) is a current that remains constant with time. An alternating current (AC) is a current that varies sinusoidally with time iii) Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, measured in watts(w). -
Answer the Purpose: 4
Page 26 1. CONDUCTORS Conductors are defined as materials that easily allow the flow of _________. Metals are _______ conductors while insulators are ______ . The 2 common metals used for conductors in the electrical trade are: ___________ and ______________. Aluminium has become more prevalent for larger C.S.A. conductors as it is cheaper and lighter but more brittle than copper. Current/ Copper/ Aluminium Thermoplastic-sheathed cable (TPS) consists of an outer toughened sheath of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (the thermoplastic element) covering one or more individual cables which are PVC insulated annealed copper conductors. It is a commonly used type of wiring for residential and light commercial construction in many countries. The flat version of the cable with two insulated conductors and an uninsulated earth conductor all within the outer sheath is referred to as twin and earth. In mainland Europe, a round equivalent is more common. Flat cables (or festoon cables) are made in PVC and Neoprene and are used as trailing cables for cranes, open filed conveyors and shelve service devices. Flat cables offer the advantages of extremely small bending radius’s, high flexibility and minimum wastage of space. Thermoplastic-sheathed cable (TPS) consists of an outer toughened sheath of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (the thermoplastic element) covering one or more individual cables which are PVC insulated annealed copper conductors. It is a commonly used type of wiring for residential and light commercial construction in many countries. The flat version of the cable with two insulated conductors and an uninsulated earth conductor all within the outer sheath is referred to as twin and earth. -
Switch Pdf, Epub, Ebook
SWITCH PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Megan Hart | 376 pages | 10 Aug 2012 | Harlequin (UK) | 9780263904536 | English | Richmond, United Kingdom Switch PDF Book The knife and contacts are typically formed of copper , steel , or brass , depending on the application. English Now I'm going to ask you again to switch on the emotional bit. Koei Tecmo America Corpor; Koei. A biased switch contains a mechanism that springs it into another position when released by an operator. A pair of contacts is said to be " closed " when current can flow from one to the other. Contact materials are also chosen on the basis of electrical conductivity , hardness resistance to abrasive wear , mechanical strength, low cost and low toxicity. Modus Games. Demand response Distributed generation Dynamic demand Electric power distribution Electricity retailing Electrical busbar system Electric power system Electric power transmission Electrical grid Electrical interconnector High-voltage direct current High-voltage shore connection Load management Mains electricity by country Power line Power station Power storage Pumped hydro Smart grid Substation Single-wire earth return Super grid Transformer Transmission system operator TSO Transmission tower Utility pole. Temp Brand. Product Variants Selector. The interior lamp of a household refrigerator is controlled by a switch that is held open when the door is closed. Your feedback helps us make Walmart shopping better for millions of customers. Do you know the person or title these quotes desc USA Gear. The terms " make " for closure of contacts and " break " for opening of contacts are also widely used. Login or Register. For example, the caps lock key on a computer causes all letters to be generated in capitals after it is pressed once; pressing it again reverts to lower-case letters. -
NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering
NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electrical Illumination and Installation Project Graduation Project EE-400 Students: Deniz Kuran (20090598) Artun Faslı (20090834) Supervisor: Assoc... Professor.. Ozgür C. Ozerdem Nicosia - 2014 ,.......::::=--:.~ ~{).Si lı~ 'i?"(?- V//_..~ lJ.ı ~~ ~ ı..ıe1r4 (J)- TABLE OF CONTENTS A>}' ., .,> ~ ~ INDEX :: ~.~ ~f::.~;!v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .i ABSTRACT .ii INTRODUCTION .iii Chapter 1. GENERAL PARTS OF ILLUMINATION ! 1.1. What Is Light? ı 1.1.a Light Flux 1 1.1.b Light Level (Illumination Level) .1 1.1.c Glare 1 1.1.d Light Sources 1 1.2 Types of Electric Lamps 2 1.2.a Incandescent Lamps 2 1.2.b Discharge Lamps 3 1.2.c LED (Light Emitting Diode) 3 1.3 How to Make Illumination Calculations 4 CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF CIRCUITS (WIRING TECHNIQUES) 6 2.1 Ring Circuit. 6 · 2.2 Radial Circuit. 7 2.3 Converting a Radial Circuit to Ring Circuit.. 7 CHAPTER 3: LIGHT SWITCHES 8 3.1 Definition of Light Switches 8 3.2 Multiway switching 8 3.3 Variations of Light Switches 8 3.3.a Push Button 8 3.3.b Toggle Switch 9 3.3.c Dimmer Switch 9 A CHAPTER 4: CIRCUIT BREAKERS 10 4.1 Definition of Circuit Breaker 10 4.2 Types of Circuit Breakers 1 O 4.2.a Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) 1 O 4.2.b Residual Current Device (RCD) 11 4.2.c ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker ) 12 APPENDIX A: ILLUMINATION CALCULATIONS 14 APPENDIX B: DISTRIBUTION BOARD CALCULATIONS 23 APPENDIX C: DISTRIBUTION BOARD DIAGRAMS 27 CONCLUSION 34 REFERENCES 35 B ACKNOWLEDGEMF,NTS Firstly, we wouldlike to thank to our supervisor Assoc. -
Switch Contents
Switch Contents 1 Switch 1 1.1 Description .............................................. 1 1.2 Contacts ................................................ 2 1.2.1 Contact terminology ..................................... 2 1.2.2 Contact bounce ........................................ 3 1.2.3 Arcs and quenching ...................................... 3 1.2.4 Power switching ....................................... 3 1.2.5 Inductive loads ........................................ 4 1.2.6 Incandescent loads ...................................... 4 1.2.7 Wetting current ........................................ 4 1.3 Actuator ................................................ 4 1.3.1 Biased switches ........................................ 4 1.3.2 Rotary switch ......................................... 4 1.3.3 Toggle switch ......................................... 5 1.4 Special types .............................................. 6 1.4.1 Mercury tilt switch ...................................... 6 1.4.2 Knife switch .......................................... 6 1.4.3 Footswitch .......................................... 6 1.4.4 Reversing switch ....................................... 7 1.5 Light switches ............................................. 7 1.6 Electronic switches .......................................... 7 1.7 Other switches ............................................. 7 1.8 See also ................................................ 8 1.9 References .............................................. 8 1.10 External links ............................................ -
Wattstopper AS 100 a Catalog.Pdf
POWER FLEXIBILITY ECONOMY WattStopper lighting control panels offer the convenience of scheduled control combined with the flexibility to suit any application. Lighting Integrator (LI) provides a range of control capabilities built on a common technology platform of low voltage, relay- based control. Contractor panels afford simple, effective control via pre-assembled, easy-to-install packages. LIGHTING CONTROL PANEL SYSTEMS IN THIS SECTION: Product Line Introduction B1-B6 Product Matrix B7-B8 Complete Control Level B9-B26 DMX512 Interface Level B27-B32 Native BACnet Level B33-B42 Low Voltage Switching Panel B43-B46 Accessories B47-B70 Contractor Panels B71-B78 Emergency Lighting Controls B79-B86 Services B87-B88 B1 www.wattstopper.com 800.879.8585 LIGHTING CONTROL PANEL SYSTEMS www.wattstopper.com B2 800.879.8585 NUMEROUS CONTROL CONFIGURATIONS With WattStopper’s Lighting Integrator (LI) lighting Lighting Integrator Technology Highlights control panels, users can implement the control Industry-exclusive heavy duty relay capabilities they need for their specific applica- Mechanically latching HDR heavy duty relay, tions. Lighting Integrator simplifies integration with rigorously engineered with 14,000 Amp Short Circuit external controls, whether these are other building Current Rating. The relay meets NEMA inrush systems or other lighting control devices. Lighting current requirements for controlling electronic Integrator is a solution that works today and well ballast lighting loads, and is rated a minimum into the future. 300,000 cycles. LI offers a technology platform that accommodates Optional integrated control of emergency lighting several different control configurations to suit virtu- ally any application. Provides coordinated control of emergency lighting along with normal lighting. -
NEAR EAST UNIVERSTY Faculty of Engineering
NEAR EAST UNIVERSTY Faculty of Engineering Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering SCHOOL ILLUMINATION Graduation Project EE-400 Student: C. Azmi Sakarya(20020620) .. .. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Ozqur C. Ozerdem Nicosia-2007 TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i " ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION ii 1. ILLUMINATION iii 1 1.1. Overview 1 1.2. What Is Illumination 1 1.3. Types 1 1.4. Methods 2 1.5. Vehicle Use 4 1.6. Energy Consumption 7 1.7. Health Effect 7 1.8. Time Line Of Light Technology 8 2. LiST OF LiGHT SOURCES 11 2.1. Overview 11 2.2. Lighting Spectacular Source Of Illumination 11 3. NEUTRAL LiGHT SOURCES 14 3 .1. Overview 14 3.2. Stars 14 3.3. Sunlight 15 3.4. Moonlight 16 4. FLOURESCENT LAMPS 17 4.1. Overview 17 4.2. Flourescents 17 4.3. History 17 4.4. Principles Of Operation 18 4.5. Electrical Aspects Of Operation 21 4.6. Method Of'starting' A Flourescent Lamp 22 4.7. Mechanism Of Lamp Failure At End Of Life 26 4.7.1. Failure Of Integral Ballast Electronics 26 4.7.2. Failure Of The Phosphor 26 4.7.3. Tube Runs Out Of Mercury 27 4.7.4. Phosphors And Spectrum Of Emitted Light 27 5. lamps 32 5.1. Overview 32 5.2. Incondescent Light Bulb 32 5.3. History Of The Light Bulb 33 5.4. Operation 38 S.S. The Halogen Lamp 41 5.5.1. The Halogen Infrared 42 5.5.2. Safety 42 5.5.3. Handling Precaution 43 5.5.4.