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Populism in

Dr. Richard Gioioso Saint Joseph’s University July 10, 2019

Outline

I. What/where/who is Latin America? II. Overview of history of the region A. Colony and characteristics B. Independence and beyond III. Populism, Politics and Policy IV. Latin American dichotomies A. Democracy vs. authoritarianism B. Right vs. left C. Urban vs. rural D. Race and ethnicity V. Contemporary Latin American political landscape VI. Trends of change VII. Comments on ‘doing’ politics for future leaders

CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 90 80 70 60

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s t i a Island San Salvador r B ancer Trop t ropic of C ic of Cance S T r Cay Sal a h Rum Cay Bank a Great (THE BAHAMAS) m Exuma Hava na a Long Island Samana Cay k Guinchos Cay a n Matanzas B (THE BAHAMAS) B RAGGED Crooked Island Pinar del a e n k ISLAND c h Rio Santa Clara Mayaguana e Cay Lobos RANGE p Yucatan Cienfuegos (THE BAHAMAS) Acklins Turks and m Island Caicos Islands a Channel C (U.K.) Mérida Cancún Camagüey Isla de la Grand Playa del Juventud Great Inagua Las Tunas Turk Carmen Cozumel Bahía de Holguín 20 Isla 20 Cozumel Manzanillo Ba yamo Campeche Campeche Guantánamo Windward Cap Haïtien PUE Milwaukee Deep RTO RICO Passage (deepest point of the Ciudad del MEXICO de Cuba Gonaïves Santiago TREN George Town U.S. Naval Base Atlantic Ocean, -8605 m) Anegada CH Carmen Caym an Islands Guantanam o Ba y British (U.K.) DOMINICAN Virgin Is. Passage Chetumal (U.K.) N C H Navassa REPUBLIC Cha rlotte T R E Mona San Juan Roa d Town Villahermosa M A N Montego Bay Island Port-au-Prince Ama lie The Va lley (U.K.) C A Y (U.S.) Passage Ma rigot Philipsb urg Sint Maar ten (NETH.) Les Cayes Virgin Is. Saint-Mar tin Spanish Santo (U.S.) Gustavia Saint Barthelem y(FRANCE) City To wn Domingo Isla (FRANCE) Tuxtla SWAN ISLANDS Kingston Mona St. Croix and () (NETH.) Saint John's Gutiérrez Flores (U.S.) BELIZE Comitán ISLAS DE Plymouth LA BAHÍA Montse rrat (U.K.) S (FRANCE) IE Puerto R Isla de Aves Basse-Terre Marie-Galante RA Barrios La Cebia M (VENEZUELA) A El Progreso Tapachula D San R Guatemala Pedro

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M Ar ub a SAINT VINCENT AND I D Chinandega

D Isla de San Andrés (NETH.) L THE GREN ADINES E Curacao (COLOMBIA) Oranjestad León Ma nagua ISLAS (NETH.) AM (NETH.) E Juigalpa DEL MAIZ Saint R Granada George's IC Lago de Bluefields W illemstad A Punto Tobago Nicaragua Isla de T Golfo de Fijo R Isla Margarita Port of Santa Marta Venezuela La Tortuga TRINIDAD AND EN Spain C Liberia Barranquilla TOBAGO H La Guaira Gulf of 10 Trinidad 10 Sa n Cartagena Maracaibo Cumaná Paria Puerto Valledupar José Limón Barquisimeto Valencia Maracay Barcelona Puntarenas San Lago de Maturín Isidro Bocas Canal Maracaibo COSTA del Toro Colón Golfito Balboa Montería RICA La Mérida Ciudad North David P ANAMA Palma Barinas Bolívar Ciudad Gua yana Santiago Ori San Fernando o noco Gulf of Cúcuta S Rí Panama Pacific San Cristóbal Embalse Georgetown de Guri Bucaramanga E Ocean a VENEZUEL A n Linden le

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a T H Medellín Isla del Coco M N

C Puerto GUYANA () o D E

í I N Scale 1: 12,500,000 R R Ayacucho

E O R G U I A N A H I G T H Lambert Conformal Conic Projection, L A N Manizales C OLOMBIA standard parallels 7°N and 24° N D E Pereira A S L I R Armenia N E 0 100 200 300 Kilometers H L Isla de Malpelo C L I (COLOMBIA) Ibagué - 0 100 200 300 Miles D R Villaviencio U Buenaventura O Boundary representation is not necessarily authorit ative. R E C BRAZIL P A 90 80 Cali 70 Boa Vista 60 803613AI (G00800) 8-13

Outline

I. What/where/who is Latin America? II. Overview of history of the region A. Colony and characteristics B. Independence and beyond III. Populism, Politics and Policy IV. Latin American dichotomies A. Democracy vs. authoritarianism B. Right vs. left C. Urban vs. rural D. Race and ethnicity V. Contemporary Latin American political landscape VI. Trends of change VII. Comments on ‘doing’ politics for future leaders Globalization • Globalization • Process of increasing interconnectedness btn societies such that events in one part of the world more & more have effects on peoples & societies far away.

• Globalization is NOT new. • Think about connectedness through history due to EMPIRE • Roman Empire – Europe, Central Asia, N. Africa (25 BC-500 AD) • Mongol Empire throughout Eurasia (1200-1400) • Spanish Empire in the (1500-1850) • British Empire, where the sun never sets… • Ottoman Empire from Mediterranean through Middle East (1300-1922)

Outline

I. What/where/who is Latin America? II. Overview of history of the region A. Colony and characteristics B. Independence and beyond III. Populism, Politics and Policy IV. Latin American dichotomies A. Democracy vs. authoritarianism B. Right vs. left C. Urban vs. rural D. Race and ethnicity V. Contemporary Latin American political landscape VI. Trends of change VII. Comments on ‘doing’ politics for future leaders Politics

Process through which actors use means to interact with each other to gain favorable outcomes for their values and interests. Public Policy

• The result of political process • Decision or action by government that results in the allocation of a value • Normative values and rights (liberty, freedom) • Services (health care, education) • Material (roads, housing) • Symbolic (status of country around world) • Military • Economic (trade, finance) Liberalism

Also has centuries-old roots from at least three different intellectual strands

(not same as being a “liberal” in American politics)

1. Philosophical liberalism – John Locke (17th century) 2. Economic liberalism – Adam Smith (18th century) 3. Constitutionalism – Vattel, Wilson (18th century) 4. Idealism – natural harmony among states; humans can learn from mistakes & therefore world politics can change Structures • What kind of states? – democracies, authoritarian or?

• What is a democracy (liberal-democracy)? • Meaningful and regular ways of holding officials accountable (watch out for elections – “democracy”) • Restriction of state power over individuals; protections for civil rights & liberties (“liberal”) • Typically these states have (some form of) market economy

• What is authoritarianism? • Population has no direct say over who governs them. Leaders try to minimize or control citizen participation. • Rights/liberties stated, but not protected; occur at the discretion of the leadership • Authoritarians may repress, but use other mechanisms to gain support/acquiescence to their rule. Outline

I. What/where/who is Latin America? II. Overview of history of the region A. Colony and characteristics B. Independence and beyond III. Populism, Politics and Policy IV. Latin American dichotomies A. Democracy vs. authoritarianism B. Right vs. left C. Urban vs. rural D. Race and ethnicity V. Contemporary Latin American political landscape VI. Trends of change VII. Comments on ‘doing’ politics for future leaders Latin American dichotomies

Democracy vs. authoritarianism

Right vs. left

Urban vs. rural

Race and ethnicity Outline

I. What/where/who is Latin America? II. Overview of history of the region A. Colony and characteristics B. Independence and beyond III. Populism, Politics and Policy IV. Latin American dichotomies A. Democracy vs. authoritarianism B. Right vs. left C. Urban vs. rural D. Race and ethnicity V. Contemporary Latin American political landscape VI. Trends of change VII. Comments on ‘doing’ politics for future leaders

Outline

I. What/where/who is Latin America? II. Overview of history of the region A. Colony and characteristics B. Independence and beyond III. Populism, Politics and Policy IV. Latin American dichotomies A. Democracy vs. authoritarianism B. Right vs. left C. Urban vs. rural D. Race and ethnicity V. Contemporary Latin American political landscape VI. Comments on ‘doing’ politics for future leaders