Crime and Development in Central America
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North America Other Continents
Arctic Ocean Europe North Asia America Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Africa Pacific Ocean South Indian America Ocean Oceania Southern Ocean Antarctica LAND & WATER • The surface of the Earth is covered by approximately 71% water and 29% land. • It contains 7 continents and 5 oceans. Land Water EARTH’S HEMISPHERES • The planet Earth can be divided into four different sections or hemispheres. The Equator is an imaginary horizontal line (latitude) that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres, while the Prime Meridian is the imaginary vertical line (longitude) that divides the earth into the Eastern and Western hemispheres. • North America, Earth’s 3rd largest continent, includes 23 countries. It contains Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, the United States of America, all Caribbean and Central America countries, as well as Greenland, which is the world’s largest island. North West East LOCATION South • The continent of North America is located in both the Northern and Western hemispheres. It is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and by the Pacific Ocean in the west. • It measures 24,256,000 sq. km and takes up a little more than 16% of the land on Earth. North America 16% Other Continents 84% • North America has an approximate population of almost 529 million people, which is about 8% of the World’s total population. 92% 8% North America Other Continents • The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of Earth’s Oceans. It covers about 15% of the Earth’s total surface area and approximately 21% of its water surface area. -
MCC Service Opportunity Assignment Title: SALT/YAMEN: Paralegal
MCC Service Opportunity Assignment Title: SALT/YAMEN: Paralegal Assistant – PAG (Proyecto Aldea Global) Term: August 10, 2017 – July 14, 2018 Location: Siguatepeque/Comayagua, Honduras Date Required: August 10, 2017 MCC is an equal opportunity employer, committed to employment equity. MCC values diversity and invites all qualified candidates to apply. Synopsis: For program details see mcc.org/salt or mcc.org/yamen This SALT/ YAMENer will support and work in trainings regarding domestic abuse in legal and psychosocial areas with lawyers and psychologists and the community at large with the Deborah Program that is part of the NGO Proyecto Aldea Global (Global Village Project). It is based in Siguatepeque, Honduras. The MCC worker assigned to this position will work in the 21 municipalities of Comayagua and 2 municipalities of Cortés as a technician to give training and support to people from vulnerable populations to improve their self-esteem and learn about their rights. Qualifications: All MCC workers are expected to exhibit a commitment to: a personal Christian faith and discipleship; active church membership; and biblical nonviolent peacemaking. • Bachelor’s Degree in Social Work, Psychology or other Social field preferred • Experience working with vulnerable groups in rural communities with limited economic resources • Communication, teaching and motivational skills; ability to unify and bring spirit to a team • Ability to relate well with all the members of the organization • Creativity • Cooperative, collaborative and tolerant • A high level of self-motivation and desire to do things well • Skills at managing differing opinions—including their own—and with aptitude to correct and be corrected • Capacity to see empathy as a method of greater understanding in the professional field and distinct social situations • Sensitivity to vulnerable groups and vested interest in their learning and growth • Intermediate level of Spanish and a desire to learn more to better communicate with project participants. -
Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002
ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN MEXICO, 1999-2002 A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government February 2003 Researcher: Ramón J. Miró Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Criminal and Terrorist Activity in Mexico PREFACE This study is based on open source research into the scope of organized crime and terrorist activity in the Republic of Mexico during the period 1999 to 2002, and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country. The analyst examined those organized crime syndicates that direct their criminal activities at the United States, namely Mexican narcotics trafficking and human smuggling networks, as well as a range of smaller organizations that specialize in trans-border crime. The presence in Mexico of transnational criminal organizations, such as Russian and Asian organized crime, was also examined. In order to assess the extent of terrorist activity in Mexico, several of the country’s domestic guerrilla groups, as well as foreign terrorist organizations believed to have a presence in Mexico, are described. The report extensively cites from Spanish-language print media sources that contain coverage of criminal and terrorist organizations and their activities in Mexico. -
Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Piperlime, Athleta, Intermix
GAP INC Brands: Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Piperlime, Athleta, Intermix WORKER EMPOWERMENT: COMMITMENT & PRACTICE: COLLABORATIVE APPROACH: STRATEGY: 12345768910 12345768910 12345768910 12345768910 TOTAL SCORE: 123457689101112131415116 7 18 19 20 21 22 2324252627 28 29 30 31 32 3334353637 38 39 40 COMPANY POSITION ON THE LIVING WAGE: IN MORE DETAIL: “We remain committed to the principle that wages for Has living-wage benchmarks? a standard working week should meet the basic needs No. of factory workers and provide them with discretionary income. We want to do our part to help ensure workers are being treated fairly and that their compensation Worker empowerment: reflects that ... While there is no universally agreed-upon Gap says: “We use a wide range of approaches to ensure calculation for a living wage, we have made it a priority that FOA [freedom of association] rights are respected to ensure that our suppliers comply with legal wage and communicated clearly with both management and and benefits laws, the violation of which is an ongoing workers. These range from supporting open dialogue problem in the apparel industry.” between factory workers and managers to partnering with workers’ rights groups and trade unions when appropriate. We believe that helping ensure FOA in both WHAT WE SAY: principle and practice is important to laying a foundation for increased wages.” Gap’s submission, although containing many fine words and sentiments, shows little proof of real work that will Gap says factory managers are obliged to inform workers improve wages for workers making its clothes. This is of unions operating in the factory, provide their contact disappointing. -
An Inclusive Commonwealth This Year’S Theme Celebrates the Diversity of the Commonwealth, Which Is Made up of More Than Two Billion People
An Inclusive Commonwealth This year’s theme celebrates the diversity of the Commonwealth, which is made up of more than two billion people. Every one of them is different, and each of them has something unique to offer. The Commonwealth Charter asserts that everyone is equal and deserves to be treated fairly, whether they are rich or poor, without regard to their race, age, gender, belief or other identity. The Commonwealth builds a better world by including and respecting everybody and the richness of their personalities. Commonwealth Day is 14 March 2016 thecommonwealth.org/inclusivecommonwealth #inclusivecommonwealth 1 4 27 50 52 32 7 3 23 9 26 11 30 43 8 39 2 6 53 15 29 45 47 18 36 28 24 10 41 24 14 37 35 40 25 20 The Commonwealth is made up of 12 49 38 48 53 countries around the world 5 22 42 19 31 16 46 13 The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 51 34 independent countries spread over every continent 33 and ocean. Its two billion people, who account for nearly 44 21 30 per cent of the world’s population, are in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Americas, Europe and the Pacific. 17 They are of many faiths, races, languages and cultures. Commonwealth countries Can you name the Commonwealth countries? ANTIGUA AND NAURU BARBUDA NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA NIGERIA BAHAMAS CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY PAKISTAN BANGLADESH PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1 OTTAWA 15 FREETOWN 28 MALÉ 42 PORT VILA BARBADOS RWANDA BELIZE 2 KINGSTOWN 16 PORT LOUIS 29 ACCRA 43 CASTRIES ST KITTS AND NEVIS BOTSWANA SAINT LUCIA 3 NEW DELHI 17 -
Municipalidad De Ajuterique Departamento De Comayagua
MUNICIPALIDAD DE AJUTERIQUE DEPARTAMENTO DE COMAYAGUA AUDITORÍA FINANCIERA Y DE CUMPLIMIENTO LEGAL PERÍODO COMPRENDIDO DEL 25 ENERO DE 2002 AL 1 DE AGOSTO DE 2006 INFORME Nº0672006DASMCFTM DEPARTAMENTO DE AUDITORÍA SECTOR MUNICIPAL CONVENIO FONDO DE TRANSPARENCIA MUNICIPAL MUNICIPALIDAD DE AJUTERIQUE, DEPARTAMENTO DE COMAYAGUA CONTENIDO INFORMACIÓN GENERAL PÁGIN AS CARTA DE ENVIO DEL INFORME CAPÍTULO I INFORMACIÓN INTRODUCTORIA A. MOTIVOS DEL EXAMEN 1 B. OBJETIVOS DEL EXAMEN 1/2 C. ALCANCE DEL EXAMEN 2 D. BASE LEGAL Y OBJETIVOS DE LA ENTIDAD 3 E. ESTRUCTURA ORGANICA DE LA ENTIDAD 4 F. FINANCIAMIENTOY/O MONTO DE LOS RECURSOS EXAMINADOS 4 G. FUNCIONARIOS Y EMPLEADOS PRINCIPALES 4 CAPÍTULO II ESTRUCTURA DEL CONTROL INTERNO A. OPINIÓN 5/8 B. COMENTARIOS Y RECOMENDACIONES 9/15 CAPÍTULO III CUMPLIMIENTO DE LEGALIDAD A. CAUCIONES 16 B. DECLARACION JURADA DE BIENES 16 C. RENDICIÓN DE CUENTAS 16 CAPÍTULO IV RUBRO Y ÁREAS EXAMINADAS HALLAZGOS ORIGINADOS EN LA PRESENTE AUDITORÍA 17 CAPÍTULO V HECHOS SUBSECUENTES 18 ANEXOS Tegucigalpa, M.D.C. 9 de abril de 2007. Oficio No.1792007MPRGM Señores Miembros de la Corporación Municipal Municipalidad de Ajuterique Departamento de Comayagua Su Oficina. Adjunto encontraran el Informe No.0672006DASMCFTM de la Auditoría Financiera y de Cumplimiento Legal practicada a la Municipalidad de Ajuterique, Departamento de Comayagua, por el período comprendido del 25 de enero de 2002 al 1 de agosto de 2006. El examen se efectuó en ejercicio de las atribuciones contenidas en el Artículo 222 reformado de la Constitución de la República y los Artículos 3, 4, 5 numeral 4; 37, 41, 45 y 46 de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Superior de Cuentas y conforme a las Normas de Auditoría Generalmente Aceptadas Aplicables al Sector Público de Honduras. -
Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests
Home Country of Origin Information Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) are research reports on country conditions. They are requested by IRB decision makers. The database contains a seven-year archive of English and French RIR. Earlier RIR may be found on the European Country of Origin Information Network website. Please note that some RIR have attachments which are not electronically accessible here. To obtain a copy of an attachment, please e-mail us. Related Links • Advanced search help 15 August 2019 MEX106302.E Mexico: Drug cartels, including Los Zetas, the Gulf Cartel (Cartel del Golfo), La Familia Michoacana, and the Beltrán Leyva Organization (BLO); activities and areas of operation; ability to track individuals within Mexico (2017-August 2019) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1. Overview InSight Crime, a foundation that studies organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean (Insight Crime n.d.), indicates that Mexico’s larger drug cartels have become fragmented or "splintered" and have been replaced by "smaller, more volatile criminal groups that have taken up other violent activities" (InSight Crime 16 Jan. 2019). According to sources, Mexican law enforcement efforts to remove the leadership of criminal organizations has led to the emergence of new "smaller and often more violent" (BBC 27 Mar. 2018) criminal groups (Justice in Mexico 19 Mar. 2018, 25; BBC 27 Mar. 2018) or "fractur[ing]" and "significant instability" among the organizations (US 3 July 2018, 2). InSight Crime explains that these groups do not have "clear power structures," that alliances can change "quickly," and that they are difficult to track (InSight Crime 16 Jan. -
U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America: an Overview
Updated February 16, 2021 U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America: An Overview Introduction for Engagement in Central America and, with congressional Central America has received considerable attention from support, more than doubled annual foreign aid to the region. U.S. policymakers over the past decade, as it has become a major transit corridor for illicit narcotics and a top source of The Trump Administration repeatedly sought to scale back irregular migration to the United States. In FY2019, U.S. funding for the Central America strategy. It proposed authorities at the southwest border apprehended nearly significant year-on-year assistance cuts for the region in 608,000 unauthorized migrants from El Salvador, each of its annual budget requests and suspended most aid Guatemala, and Honduras (the Northern Triangle of Central for the Northern Triangle in March 2019, two years into the America); 81% of those apprehended were families or strategy’s on-the-ground implementation. Congress chose unaccompanied minors, many of whom were seeking not to adopt many of the proposed cuts, but annual funding asylum (see Figure 1). Although the Coronavirus Disease for the Central America strategy declined from $750 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted illicit trafficking and million in FY2017 to $505.9 million in FY2021—a nearly irregular migration flows in FY2020, many analysts expect 33% drop over four years (see Figure 2). a resurgence once governments throughout the Western Hemisphere begin lifting border restrictions. Both Congress and the Biden Administration have called for a reexamination of U.S. policy toward Central America Figure 1. U.S. -
Central America Weather Hazards and Benefits Assessment
The MFEWS Central America Weather Hazards and Benefits Assessment For May 22 – May 28, 2008 1) Many localized areas of the Limon and Heredia provinces of Costa Rica, as well as the San Juan and Atlantic departments of Nicaragua are experiencing a 3-4 dekad late start to the Primera rains. In addition to a below-normal Apante season, the current lack of rainfall has affected April bean harvests, as well as emerging rice and maize crops. Hazards Assessment Text Explanation: Large scale ridging and dry air transport have resulted in the suppression of significant rainfall for much of Central America in the last seven days. The heaviest rainfall totals during the last observation period remained along the Pacific side of Central America, with totals ranging from 30 – 50 mm in the southern highlands of Guatemala and coastal areas near the Gulf of Nicoya in Costa Rica. In El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, little to no rainfall accumulation in the last week has resulted in a continued delayed start of the Primera season in many areas, as precipitation totals have continued to drop further below normal. The Limon and Heredia provinces of Costa Rica, as well as, the Atlantic departments of Nicaragua near the San Juan River, have experienced the worst of the dryness as decreased soil water along the Costa Rica / Nicaragua border may impede the development of bean, rice, and sorghum crops over the next several weeks. Soil moisture deficits have also been felt in localized areas of the Chiriqui province in Panama due to the weak Primera rains. -
Overcoming Violence and Impunity: Human Rights Challenges in Honduras
OVERCOMING VIOLENCE AND IMPUNITY: HUMAN RIGHTS CHALLENGES IN HONDURAS Report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development Dean Allison Chair Subcommittee on International Human Rights Scott Reid Chair MARCH 2015 41st PARLIAMENT, SECOND SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Reproduction in accordance with this permission does not constitute publication under the authority of the House of Commons. The absolute privilege that applies to the proceedings of the House of Commons does not extend to these permitted reproductions. Where a reproduction includes briefs to a Standing Committee of the House of Commons, authorization for reproduction may be required from the authors in accordance with the Copyright Act. Nothing in this permission abrogates or derogates from the privileges, powers, immunities and rights of the House of Commons and its Committees. For greater certainty, this permission does not affect the prohibition against impeaching or questioning the proceedings of the House of Commons in courts or otherwise. The House of Commons retains the right and privilege to find users in contempt of Parliament if a reproduction or use is not in accordance with this permission. -
BELIZERIGHT CHOICES BRIGHT FUTURE Systematic Country Diagnostic
Public Disclosure Authorized BELIZERIGHT CHOICES BRIGHT FUTURE Systematic Country Diagnostic Francisco Carneiro Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized BELIZERIGHT CHOICES BRIGHT FUTURE Systematic Country Diagnostic Francisco Carneiro January 2016 2 Belize—Right Choices Bright Future ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACP Africa Caribbean Pacific CZMAI Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute AML/CFT Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism DMSP-OLS Operational Lines scan System ANS Adjusted Net Savings DRM Disaster Risk Management API American Petroleum Industry ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ASR American Sugar Refining Eastern Caribbean Currency Union BOOST Building Opportunities for Our Social ECCU Transformation EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return BPO Business Process Outsourcing EMBI Emerging Market Bond Index BNE Belize Natural Energy EM-DAT International Emergency Disasters Database BCRIP Belize Climate Resilience Infrastructure Project EPI Environmental Performance Index BZ$ Belize Dollar EPPR Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate European Union CCT Conditional Cash Transfer EU Financial Action Task Force CEDLAS/ Centro de Estudios Distributivos FATF SEDLAC Laborales y Sociales / Socio-Economic FDI Foreign Direct Investment Database for Latin America and the GDP Gross Domestic Product Caribbean GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Recovery CIA Central Intelligence Agency and Reconstruction -
Reconstructing the Population History of Nicaragua by Means of Mtdna, Y-Chromosome Strs, and Autosomal STR Markers
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 143:591–600 (2010) Reconstructing the Population History of Nicaragua by Means of mtDNA, Y-Chromosome STRs, and Autosomal STR Markers Carolina Nun˜ ez,1* Miriam Baeta,1 Cecilia Sosa,1 Yolanda Casalod,1 Jianye Ge,2,3 Bruce Budowle,2,3 and Begon˜ a Martı´nez-Jarreta1 1Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 2Institute of Investigative Genetics, Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Ft Worth, TX 76107 3Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Ft Worth, TX 76107 KEY WORDS Central America; genetic admixture; Mestizos; Native Americans ABSTRACT Before the arrival of the Spaniards in the maternal lineages, whereas the majority of Nicara- Nicaragua, diverse Native American groups inhabited guan Y chromosome haplogroups can be traced back to a the territory. In colonial times, Native Nicaraguan popu- West Eurasian origin. Pairwise Fst distances based on Y- lations interacted with Europeans and slaves from STRs between Nicaragua and European, African and Africa. To ascertain the extent of this genetic admixture Native American populations show that Nicaragua is and provide genetic evidence about the origin of the Nic- much closer to Europeans than the other populations. araguan ancestors, we analyzed the mitochondrial con- Additionally, admixture proportions based on autosomal trol region (HVSI and HVSII), 17 Y chromosome STRs, STRs indicate a predominantly Spanish contribution. and 15 autosomal STRs in 165 Mestizo individuals from Our study reveals that the Nicaraguan Mestizo popula- Nicaragua. To carry out interpopulation comparisons, tion harbors a high proportion of European male and HVSI sequences from 29 American populations were Native American female substrate.