National Reconciliation, Inter-Ethnic and Inter Confessional Tolerance in the Balkans
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National Reconciliation, Inter-Ethnic and Inter Confessional Tolerance in the Balkans Tolerance and Inter Confessional Inter-Ethnic Reconciliation, National National Reconciliation, Inter-Ethnic and Inter Confessional Tolerance in the Balkans Proceedings of the Fourth ECPD International Conference International ECPD the Fourth of Proceedings Reconciliation and Human Security Proceedings of the Fourth ECPD International Conference Editors: Takehiro Togo / Negoslav P. Ostojić EUROPEAN CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT ISBN 978-86-7236-058-5 University for Peace established by the United Nations National Reconciliation, Inter-Ethnic and Inter Confessional Tolerance in The Balkans Reconciliation and Human Security Proceedings of the Fourth ECPD International Conference Editors: Takehiro Togo/Negoslav P. Ostojić EUROPEAN CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT University for Peace established by the United Nations Published by European Center for Peace and Development (ECPD) University for Peace established by the United Nations Terazije 41, 11000 Beograd; phone: (+381 11) 3246-041 fax: 3240-673; 3234-082 e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] For the Publisher: Negoslav P. Ostojić, Executive Director of ECPD Editorial Board: Takehiro Togo Negoslav P. Ostojić Todor Mirković Ljubiša Adamović Yves-Rastimir Nedeljković Darko Tanasković Budimir Lazović Bojan Starec Design Nataša Ostojić-Ilić Copy editing Ljiljana Martinovski / Irena Vuksanović Number of copies 1 000 in English ISBN 978-86-7236-056-1 Printed by: Belgrade, 2009. CIP – Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 323.1(497)(082) 316.647.5:2(497)(082) 316.4:172.4(497)(082) 339.92(497)(082) EUROPEAN Center for Реасе and Development. International Conference (4 ; 2008 ; Мiločer) National Reconciliation, Inter-Ethnic and Interconfessional Tolerance in the Bal- kans : Reconciliation and Human Security : Proceedings of the Fourth ECPD Inter- national Conference, Miločer, Montenegro, October 30-31, 2008 / editors Takehiro Togo, Negoslav Р. Ostojic. – Beograd : European Center for Реасе and Development (ECPD), 2009 (Beograd : Graficom). – 353 str. : graf. prikazi, tabele ; 25 cm Tiraž 1.000. – Str. 1-3: Preface / Editors. Napomene i bibliografske reference uz tekst. – Bibliografija uz većinu radova. ISBN 978-86-7236-058-5 а) Етнички односи – Балканске државе – Зборници b) Верска толеранција – Балканске државе – Зборници с) Помирење – Балканске државе – Зборници d) Економски односи – Балканске државе – Зборници COBISS.SR-ID 158503692 © All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher Preface National Reconciliation, Inter-Ethnic and Inter Confessional Tolerance in ihe Balkans Reconciliation And Human Security Proceedings of the Fourth ECPD International Conference The Conference was held in Miločer, Montenegro, October 30–31, 2008. Its organization and work represented a continuation of the realization of the ECPD International Research Project “National Reconciliation, Inter-ethnic and Inter-religious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans”, launched in 2005. In the meantime, the following activities were carried out: – Organization and holding of the ECPD International Symposium on “National and Inter-ethnic Reconciliation and Religious Toler- ance in the Western Balkans”, Belgrade, October 28–29, 2005, for 100 participants; – Establishment of the ECPD International Permanent Study Group (IPSG) of 22 members, renowned scholars and experts on the Bal- kan issues; – Organization of the First Session of IPSG, Sveti Stefan, Montene- gro, June 17, 2006; – The Second ECPD International Conference (considering the Sym- posium as being the first) on Inter-ethnic Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans, Belgrade October 27–28, 2006, for 80 participants and 12 observers. The Conference was preceded by the Second IPSG Session, held on October 26; – The Third IPSG Meeting, Prizren (Kosovo), for 81 participants and eleven observers; – The Third ECPD International Conference on Reconciliation and Human Security in the Balkans, Belgrade, October 27–29, 2007, for 91 participants and 12 observers. The Conference was preced- ed by the Fourth IPSG Meeting; – The Fifth ECPD IPSG Session, Belgrade, June 20–21, 2008; – The Fourth ECPD International Conference on National and In- ter-ethnic Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance and Human Secu- Preface iii rity in the Balkans, Miločer, Montenegro, October 30–31, 2009, for 99 participants, 8 observers and 12 media representatives. The Conference was preceded by the Sixth IPSG Session; – Publishing of the separate proceedings of the First, Second and Third Conferences, and the Third IPSG Meeting. The Fourth Conference, therefore, represented the continuation of three previous conferences and six IPSG meetings. In essence, all of them dealt with the same topics and attempted to achieve the same goal: to contribute to the improvement of national/inter-ethnic reconciliation and inter-religious tolerance as a vital prerequisite for the establishing durable peace and stability in the Balkan region. It is expected that the next Conference will reconsider the current situation in the Balkans and point out the ways toward full reconciliation and elimination of threats to peace and stability in the region. The participants of the Fourth Conference (99) came from all Balkan countries, most other European and several non-European countries, in- cluding the United States, Canada, Japan, Seychelles and Ghana. Among them, there were several high-ranking public figures, including: Milo Djukanović, Montenegrin Prime Minister; H.E. Yasushi Akashi, former Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for ex-Yugoslavia; Sir James Mancham, the founder and the first president of the Republic of Sey- chelles; Branislav Šoškić, former President of the Republic of Montene- gro; H.E. Kovačič Matjaž, Ambassador in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia; H.E. Nano Ružin, Ambassador of the Republic of Macedonia to NATO; H.E. Majed Shardoun, Ambassador of the Republic of Syria in Belgrade; H.E. Wolte Wolfgang, Ambassador, Austrian Society for Euro- pean Policy, Vienna; Milan Brajović, General Secretary of the President of Montenegro; H.E. Milivoje Baletić, Ambassador, Director of the Diplo- matic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro etc. The Conference was attended by several prominent academicians: Paskal Milo (Albania), Vladeta Jerotić and Časlav Ocić (Serbia), Vladimir Stipetić (Croatia), Mijat Šuković and Momir Djurović (Montenegro). The partici- pants in the Conference are also the professors from almost all university centers in the West Balkan countries, as well as from the Florida State University (USA), Lomonosov State University, Moscow (Russian Federa- tion), University of Geneva (Switzerland), University of Vaasa (Finland), University of Namur (Belgium), University of Bradford (U.K), University of Saint Paul (Canada), University of Paris (France), University of Tri- este (Italy), University of Kiev – Mahyla (Ukraine). The attendance of the iv Proceedings of the Fourth ECPD International Conference professor and famous Soviet and Russian astronaut, Yury Batutin, was particularly noted. Directors and researchers of several research institutes and research centers also took part in the Conference, including the: Cy- prus Research Center for European and International Affairs; Lego Center for International Affairs, Luanda (Ghana); Institute for European and In- ternational Studies (Luxembourg); Institute for International Sociology, Gorizia (Italy); Mitsui Global Strategic Studies Institute, Tokyo (Japan); International Legal Institute, Georgetown University (USA); Institute for Ethnic Studies, Ljubljana (Slovenia) and others. The presence of the representatives of two, out of three, major reli- gions in this part of Europe attracted special attention. They were, among others, Bishop Amfilohije Radović and Bishop Joanikije Mićović, Serbian Orthodox Church; Mufti Muhamed Jusufspahić, Islamic Religious Com- munity, Belgrade, and Rifad Fajzić, Reis of the Islamic Community, Mon- tenegro. Stanislav Hočevar, Archbishop, Catholic Church, Belgrade, was unable to attend the Conference due to a previous engagement. The organization and holding of the Fourth ECPD International Conference were supported and financially helped by the Government of Montenegro and the Tokyo Club, Japan, as major contributors, as well as by UPF with smaller contribution. However, the major portion of the ex- penses was borne by the organizer that is, the European Center for Peace and Development. The editors and the publisher wish to thank the spon- sors who enabled the proper organization and holding of this very impor- tant international gathering. We are especially thankful to H.E. Takehiro Togo, President of the ECPD Council and the Chairman of the Confer- ence, for his tremendous efforts geared to the organization and holding of the Conference. We are greatly thankful to all participants who, with their speeches and discussions, contributed to the successful work of the Conference and fulfilling of its noble task – promotion, reconciliation, tolerance, peace and development in the Balkans. We also express our gratitude to the press and electronic media for their wide coverage of the Conference, its aims and objectives. The organizer expects and would appreciate very much the appro- priate, intellectual and material contributions by all national and interna-