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Front Matter Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information Ticks Widespread and increasing resistance to most available acaracides threatens both global livestock industries and public health. This necessitates better understanding of ticks and the diseases they transmit in the development of new control strategies. Ticks: Biol- ogy, Disease and Control is written by an international collection of experts and covers in-depth information on aspects of the biol- ogy of the ticks themselves, various veterinary and medical tick- borne pathogens, and aspects of traditional and potential new con- trol methods. A valuable resource for graduate students, academic researchers and professionals, the book covers the whole gamut of ticks and tick-borne diseases from microsatellites to satellite imagery and from exploiting tick saliva for therapeutic drugs to developing drugs to control tick populations. It encompasses the variety of interconnected fields impinging on the economically important and biologically fascinating phenomenon of ticks, the diseases they transmit and methods of their control. alan bowman has worked at the Universities of Edinburgh, Oxford and Oklahoma State and is now at the University of Aberdeen. His research interests include tick physiology, bioac- tive factors in tick saliva, drug target development and ecological aspects of borreliosis. Funding for his tick research has come from national funding bodies and both large animal-health and small biotechnology companies for which he also acts as a consultant. pat nuttall is Director of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrol- ogy (CEH), the UK’s centre of excellence for integrated research in land-based and freshwater environmental sciences, and part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). She is Professor of Virology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Wolfson Col- lege, Oxford. She was awarded the Ivanovsky Medal for Virology in 1996 by the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Order of the British Empire by the Queen in 2000 for services to environmental sciences. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information Ticks Biology, Disease and Control Edited by ALAN S. BOWMAN University of Aberdeen PATRICIA A. NUTTALL Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521867610 C Cambridge University Press 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2008 Reprinted 2015 Printed in the United Kingdom by Print on Demand, World Wide A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Ticks : biology, disease, and control / edited by Alan S. Bowman, Patricia A. Nuttall. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-86761-0 (hardback) 1. Ticks as carriers of disease. 2. Ticks. I. Bowman, Alan S. II. Nuttall, Patricia A. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Tick-Borne Diseases. 2. Tick Control – methods. 3. Ticks – physiology. WC 600 T5565 2008] RA641.T5T532 2008 614.433 – dc22 2008021955 ISBN 978-0-521-86761-0 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information Contents List of contributors vii Preface xi 1 Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names 1 s. c. barker and a. murrell 2 The impact of tick ecology on pathogen transmission dynamics 40 s. e. randolph 3 Tick salivary glands: the physiology of tick water balance and their role in pathogen trafficking and transmission 73 a. s. bowman, a. ball and j. r. sauer 4 Tick saliva: from pharmacology and biochemistry to transcriptome analysis and functional genomics 92 j. m. anderson and j. g. valenzuela 5 Tick toxins: perspectives on paralysis and other forms of toxicoses caused by ticks 108 b. j. mans, r. gothe and a. w. h. neitz 6 Tick lectins and fibrinogen-related proteins 127 l. grubhoffer, r. o. m. rego, o. hajdusek,ˇ v. hypsa,ˇ v. kova´r,ˇ n. rudenko and j. h. oliver jr. 7 Endocrinology of tick development and reproduction 143 h. h. rees 8 Factors that determine sperm precedence in ticks, spiders and insects: a comparative study 164 w. r. kaufman 9 Tick immunobiology 186 m. brossard and s. k. wikel v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information vi Contents 10 Saliva-assisted transmission of tick-borne 16 Emerging and emergent tick-borne pathogens 205 infections 344 p. a. nuttall and m. labuda s. r. telford iii and h. k. goethert 11 Lyme borreliosis in Europe and North 17 Analysing and predicting the occurrence America 220 of ticks and tick-borne diseases using GIS 377 j. piesman and l. gern m. daniel, j. kola´rˇ and p. zeman 12 Viruses transmitted by ticks 253 18 Acaricides for controlling ticks on cattle m. labuda and p. a. nuttall and the problem of acaricide resistance 408 j. e. george, j. m. pound and r. b. davey 13 Babesiosis of cattle 281 r. e. bock, l. a. jackson, a. j. de vos and 19 Anti-tick vaccines 424 w. k. jorgensen p. willadsen 14 Theileria: life cycle stages associated with 20 Anti-tick biological control agents: the ixodid tick vector 308 assessment and future perspectives 447 r. bishop, a. musoke, r. skilton, s. morzaria, m. samish, h. ginsberg and i. glazer m. gardner and v. nene 21 Pheromones and other semiochemicals of 15 Characterization of the ticks and their use in tick control 470 tick–pathogen–host interface of the d. e. sonenshine tick-borne rickettsia Anaplasma marginale 325 k. m. kocan, j. de la fuente and e. f. blouin Index 492 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information Contributors jennifer m. anderson Vector Molecular Biology Unit Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research NIAID National Institute of Health 12735 Twinbrook Parkway Room 2E-22 Rockville MD 20852 USA andrew ball School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK stephen c. barker Parasitology Section School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia richard bishop International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) P.O. Box 30709 Nairobi 00100 Kenya edmour f. blouin Department of Veterinary Pathobiology 250 McElroy Hall Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA russell e. bock Tick Fever Centre Biosecurity Queensland Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 280 Grindle Road Wacol Qld 4076 Australia vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86761-0 - Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control Edited by Alan S. Bowman and Patricia A. Nuttall Frontmatter More information viii List of contributors alan s. bowman john e. george School of Biological Sciences Knipling–Bushland US Livestock Insects University of Aberdeen Research Laboratory Tillydrone Avenue USDA, ARS Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK 2700 Fredericksburg Road michel brossard Kerrville TX 78028 USA Laboratory of Parasite Immunology lise gern 11 rue Emile Argand Institut de Biologie CH-2007 Neuchatelˆ Switzerland Emile-Argand 11 milan daniel CH-2009 Neuchatelˆ Switzerland School of Public Health howard s. ginsberg Institute for Postgraduate Medical Patuxent Wildlife Research Centre Education US Geological Survey 100 05 Prague 10 University of Rhode Island Ruska 85 Czech Republic Woodward Hall–PLS Kingston RI 02881 USA ronald b. davey Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory itamar glazer USDA, ARS Entomology and Nematology Moore Air Base, Bldg. 6419 ARO 22675 N. Moorefield Road The Volcani Centre Edinberg TX 78541 USA Bet Dagan P. O. B ox 6 jose´ de la fuente
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