DOCSLIB.ORG

In Asia and the Pacific

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Meta-survey on the Use of Technologies in EDU CAT ION in Asia and the Pacific edited by Glen Farrell, Ph.D and Cédric Wachholz Meta-survey on the Use of Technologies in Education in Asia and the Pacific 2003-2004 Edited by Glen Farrell, Ph.D. and Cédric Wachholz © UNESCO 2003 272pp. 1. Educational technology. 2. Information technology. 3. ICT. 4. Communication technology. 5. Asia and the Pacific. I. Farrell, Glen, ed. II. Wachholz, Cédric, ed. 371.334 Published in 2003 by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education P.O. Box 967, Prakanong Post Office Bangkok 10110, Thailand www.unescobkk.org Printed in Bangkok, Thailand Design and Layout: Lowil Fred Espada ISBN 92-9223-010-7 The author [or institution] is responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. TTable of contents Contributing Authors iv Preface v Acknowledgements vi I. Introduction 1 II. Regional Perspectives 3 An Overview of Developments and Trends in the Application of Information and Communication Technologies in Education by Glen M. Farrell, Ph.D 4 Gender-Based Issues and Trends in ICT Applications in Education in Asia and the Pacific by Lyndsay Green 29 III. Country Reports 41 Central and South West Asia 041 Afghanistan by Hilary Perraton, Ph.D 043 Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan by Hilary Perraton, Ph.D 049 Islamic Republic of Iran by Tohid Sadeghnezhad 059 Pakistan by Hilary Perraton, Ph.D 065 East and South-East Asia 071 Cambodia by PREL 073 China by Chen Li, Ph.D 079 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea by Jung-Soon Hahn, Ph.D 085 Indonesia by Tian Belawati, Ph.D 089 Japan by Aya Yoshida, Ph.D 095 Lao People’s Democratic Republic by PREL 101 Malaysia by Tian Belawati, Ph.D 107 Mongolia by Sukhbaatar Engkhjargal and Lkhagvasuren Ariunaa 111 00Myanmar by PREL 117 00Philippines by Tian Belawati, Ph.D 121 00Republic of Korea by Jung-Soon Hahn, Ph.D 129 00Thailand by Tian Belawati, Ph.D 137 00Viet Nam by Tian Belawati, Ph.D 143 Pacific Island Countries 147 13Australia by Som Naidu, Ph.D. and Carol Jasen 149 13Cook Islands by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 157 ii Table of Contents 13Fiji by Salanieta Bakalevu, Ph.D. and Anare Tuitoga 163 13Kiribati by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 169 13Marshall Islands by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 173 13Federated States of Micronesia by PREL 177 13Nauru by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 183 13New Zealand by Thomas Prebble, Ph.D 187 13Niue by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 193 13Palau by PREL 197 13Papua New Guinea by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 203 13Samoa by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 207 13Solomon Islands by PREL 213 13Timor Leste by PREL 217 13Tonga by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 221 13Tuvalu by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 225 13Vanuatu by Ruby Vaa, Ph.D 229 South Asia 233 13Bangladesh by Usha Reddi, Ph.D and Vineeta Sinha 235 13Bhutan by Usha Reddi, Ph.D and Vineeta Sinha 241 13India by Usha Reddi, Ph.D and Vineeta Sinha 245 Maldives by Usha Reddi, Ph.D and Vineeta Sinha 253 13Nepal by Usha Reddi, Ph.D and Vineeta Sinha 257 Sri Lanka by Usha Reddi, Ph.D and Vineeta Sinha 261 IV. Integrating ICTs in Education in Asia and the Pacific: Trends and Observations by Glen Farrell, Ph.D. and Cédric Wachholz 265 iiiii Contributing authors Ms Lkhagvasuren Ariunaa, Civil Society Programs Mr Tom Prebble, Ph.D., is a Professor of Higher Education, Director is affiliated with Mongolian Foundation for Open Massey University, New Zealand. Society (Soros Foundation). PREL – Pacific Resources for Education and Learning Ms Salanieta Bakalevu works as an Instructional Designer at the Distance & Flexible Learning Support Centre of the Mr Thomas Barlow is the President and CEO of University of the South Pacific in Suva, Fiji. PREL - Pacific Resources for Education and Learning. Ms Tian Belawati, Ph.D., Vice Rector for Academic Affairs, is affiliated with Universitas Terbuka (Indonesia Open Mr Steve Baxendale is the Program Director of University). PRELStar. Mr Sukhbaatar Enkhjargal, Executive Director is affiliated Mr Andrew Kerr is the Associate Director of the with MIDAS NGO (Mongolian Information Development Pacific Regional Technology in Education Association). More information at web: www.ict.mn/midas. Consortium (PR*TEC). Mr Glen Farrell, Ph.D., has had a long career in distance Ms Kavita Rao is an Instructional Design Specialist education and the management of innovative organizations. for PR*TEC and for the Pacific Mathematics and He is now involved in project management and international Science Consortium. consultancies on change and reform in education systems and the use of technology. Dr. Farrell has worked with such Ms Nicole Sayres is a Senior Affiliate of Pacific organizations as The Commonwealth of Learning, where Resources for Education and Learning. he is a Senior Consultant, the World Bank, Industry Canada, the World Health Organization, Schoolnet India, Technikon Ms Usha Vyasulu Reddi, Ph.D., is the Director of the South Africa, and the Open University of Hong Kong. Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA), established by the Commonwealth of Learning Ms Lyndsay Green is a consultant in the application of to meet regional needs of Asia. learning technologies offering services through www.traintec.com. Mr Tohid Sadeghnezhad, is a researcher in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Ms Jung Sun Hahn, Ph.D., Professor and Chairperson, is affiliated with Department of Educational Technology, Ms Vineeta Sinha is currently a free lance project consultant College of Education, Ewha Womans University, Republic and was attached to CEMCA as a consultant with the of Korea. COLLIT-India Pilot project. Ms Carol Jasen is a Ph.D. student at the University of Mr Anare Tuitoga is an Instructional Designer at the Melbourne and a Research Assistant in the Department of Distance & Flexible Learning Support Centre of the Teaching, Learning and Research Support at the University University of the South Pacific in Suva, Fiji. of Melbourne, Australia. Ms Ruby Vaa, Ph.D., is the Director of the University of Ms Chen Li, Ph.D., Professor, Deputy Dean of Information the South Pacific Centre in Samoa. Sciences College and Research in Distance education, Beijing Normal University. Mr Cédric Wachholz, is a Programme Specialist and the Focal Point for ICT in Education in the UNESCO Asia and Mr Som Naidu, Ph.D., Professor is Head, Research and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education. Evaluation in the Department of Teaching, Learning and Research Support at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Ms Aya Yoshida, Ph.D., is a Professor affiliated with the National Institute of Multimedia Education, Chiba Japan. Mr Hilary Perraton, Ph.D., is an educational consultant. He was the founding director of the International Research Foundation for Open Learning and for ten years a member of the Commonwealth Secretariat. iv Preface This Meta-survey of the Asia-Pacific Programme on Promoting the Effective Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education is part of the regional ICT in Education project coordinated by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education and financed by Japanese Funds-in-Trust. The Meta-survey acts as a snapshot of the current state of ICT use in education throughout Asia and the Pacific. Surveys on the general ICT situation of countries in the region existed before, but not with this particular focus on education, describing and analysing the use of ICTs both in formal and non-formal learning environments. The knowledge gained will guide UNESCO’s project implementation and future project formulation. It will also contribute to a broader understanding of how ICTs can be harnessed to achieve Education for All (EFA) goals. The examples and insights gathered through the survey will help to avoid duplication of efforts and encourage the building of new partnerships. The information collected is being widely shared through a number of formats: this publication; a CD-ROM that includes an additional analysis and database on educational software; and through a posting of the documents on the UNESCO Bangkok website at www.unescobkk.org/education/ict/metasurvey. v Acknowledgements Firstly, we would like to thank the 24 authors who despite finding the information gathering process difficult at times, persisted to work with us at a distance throughout this project. Special thanks go to Dr. Glen Farrell, the study team leader, whose contribution, feedback and guidance were invaluable to the quality and timeliness of this report. Thanks also must go to the Director of the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education, Sheldon Shaeffer. He initiated the survey seeking the assistance of all UNESCO offices and National Commissions in the region and provided sustained support through this process. Thanks also to Professor Fumihiko Shinohara, to Mr Corin Golding and to Ms Naly Arunkit for their valuable contributions to this publication. Finally yet importantly, we would like to thank the Government of Japan, and particularly the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) for their generous financial contribution and continued support, without which this survey would not have been possible. vi Meta-survey on the Use of Technologies in Education INTRODUCTION “Information and communication technologies (ICTs) must be harnessed to support EFA goals at an affordable cost.” Dakar Framework for Action1 More of the same is just not going to work.
Recommended publications
  • International Journal of Computer Science & Information Security

    International Journal of Computer Science & Information Security

    IJCSIS Vol. 13 No. 8, August 2015 ISSN 1947-5500 International Journal of Computer Science & Information Security © IJCSIS PUBLICATION 2015 Pennsylvania, USA JCSI I S ISSN (online): 1947-5500 Please consider to contribute to and/or forward to the appropriate groups the following opportunity to submit and publish original scientific results. CALL FOR PAPERS International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS) January-December 2015 Issues The topics suggested by this issue can be discussed in term of concepts, surveys, state of the art, research, standards, implementations, running experiments, applications, and industrial case studies. Authors are invited to submit complete unpublished papers, which are not under review in any other conference or journal in the following, but not limited to, topic areas. See authors guide for manuscript preparation and submission guidelines. Indexed by Google Scholar, DBLP, CiteSeerX, Directory for Open Access Journal (DOAJ), Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), SCIRUS, Scopus Database, Cornell University Library, ScientificCommons, ProQuest, EBSCO and more. Deadline: see web site Notification: see web site Revision: see web site Publication: see web site Context-aware systems Agent-based systems Networking technologies Mobility and multimedia systems Security in network, systems, and applications Systems performance Evolutionary computation Networking and telecommunications Industrial systems Software development and deployment Evolutionary computation Knowledge virtualization
  • Essays on the Role of the Internet in Development and Political Change

    Essays on the Role of the Internet in Development and Political Change

    London School of Economics and Political Science Essays on the Role of the Internet in Development and Political Change Luke Ian Miner A thesis submitted to the Department of Economics of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London July 2012 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgment is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 39,299 words. Statement of conjoint work I confirm that Chapter 3 was jointly co-authored with Dr. Larcinese and I con- tributed more than 60% of this work. Abstract This thesis contains three independent chapters aimed at increasing our understand- ing of the effects of Internet diffusion on politics and development. The first chapter proposes a novel methodology for measuring Internet penetration. Using IP geolo- cation data, a new measure of Internet access is created, which counts the number of IP addresses per person in a region. This is the first measure of Internet penetra- tion that is comparable not only across countries but across sub-regions of countries such as states or even electoral districts.
  • The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies

    The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies

    The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies Edited by Daria Gritsenko Mariëlle Wijermars · Mikhail Kopotev The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies Daria Gritsenko Mariëlle Wijermars • Mikhail Kopotev Editors The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies Editors Daria Gritsenko Mariëlle Wijermars University of Helsinki Maastricht University Helsinki, Finland Maastricht, The Netherlands Mikhail Kopotev Higher School of Economics (HSE University) Saint Petersburg, Russia ISBN 978-3-030-42854-9 ISBN 978-3-030-42855-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42855-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
  • Arts, Culture and Media 2010 a Creative Change Report Acknowledgments

    Arts, Culture and Media 2010 a Creative Change Report Acknowledgments

    Immigration: Arts, Culture and Media 2010 A Creative Change Report Acknowledgments This report was made possible in part by a grant from Unbound Philanthropy. Additional funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Ford Foundation, Four Freedoms Fund, and the Open Society Foundations supports The Opportunity Agenda’s Immigrant Opportunity initiative. Starry Night Fund at Tides Foundation also provides general support for The Opportunity Agenda and our Creative Change initiative. Liz Manne directed the research, and the report was co-authored by Liz Manne and Ruthie Ackerman. Additional assistance was provided by Anike Tourse, Jason P. Drucker, Frances Pollitzer, and Adrian Hopkins. The report’s authors greatly benefited from conversations with Taryn Higashi, executive director of Unbound Philanthropy, and members of the Immigration, Arts, and Culture Working Group. Editing was done by Margo Harris with layout by Element Group, New York. This project was coordinated by Jason P. Drucker for The Opportunity Agenda. We are very grateful to the interviewees for their time and willingness to share their views and opinions. About The Opportunity Agenda The Opportunity Agenda was founded in 2004 with the mission of building the national will to expand opportunity in America. Focused on moving hearts, minds, and policy over time, the organization works closely with social justice organizations, leaders, and movements to advocate for solutions that expand opportunity for everyone. Through active partnerships, The Opportunity Agenda uses communications and media to understand and influence public opinion; synthesizes and translates research on barriers to opportunity and promising solutions; and identifies and advocates for policies that improve people’s lives.
  • Internet Service Providers in Thailand

    Internet Service Providers in Thailand

    Internet Service Providers In Thailand: Evaluation of Determinants Affecting Customer Loyalty By Student 2 A dissertation submitted for the Masters in Business Administration The Business School University of Roehampton 2011 Declaration Form The work I have submitted is my own effort. I certify that all the material in this Dissertation, which is not my own work, has been identified and acknowledged. No materials are included for which a degree has been previously conferred upon me. Signed Date (Saruta Tangjai) i The Abstract Recently, the Internet service industry in Thailand has been developing and improving their marketing strategies to retain existing customers and create new ones because of a highly competitive market. It is significant for Internet service providers to consider customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in order to help their businesses develop a competitive edge and increase their brand value. In addition, customer loyalty can be a significant factor that helps an Internet service provider increase its profits and create more competitive advantages in the long-term (Oliver, 1999: Lin and Wang, 2006). This research aims to explore the determinants, which affect customer loyalty in the context of Internet service providers in Thailand. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample consisting of Thai Internet users in the capital city, Bangkok. The determinants that affect customer loyalty have been tested and analyzed using several approaches so as to explore the significant determinants and understand relationship between the determinants and customer loyalty. The determinants that were analyzed in this research are tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, pricing, switching cost, trust and brand image.
  • History of the Internet-English

    History of the Internet-English

    Sirin Palasri Steven Huter ZitaWenzel, Ph.D. THE HISTOR Y OF THE INTERNET IN THAILAND Sirin Palasri Steven G. Huter Zita Wenzel (Ph.D.) The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) University of Oregon The History of the Internet in Thailand by Sirin Palasri, Steven Huter, and Zita Wenzel Cover Design: Boonsak Tangkamcharoen Published by University of Oregon Libraries, 2013 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-1299 United States of America Telephone: (541) 346-3053 / Fax: (541) 346-3485 Second printing, 2013. ISBN: 978-0-9858204-2-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-9858204-6-6 (English PDF), doi:10.7264/N3B56GNC ISBN: 978-0-9858204-7-3 (Thai PDF), doi:10.7264/N36D5QXN Originally published in 1999. Copyright © 1999 State of Oregon, by and for the State Board of Higher Education, on behalf of the Network Startup Resource Center at the University of Oregon. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/deed.en_US Requests for permission, beyond the Creative Commons authorized uses, should be addressed to: The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403-1299 USA Telephone: +1 541 346-3547 Email: [email protected] Fax: +1 541-346-4397 http://www.nsrc.org/ This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NCR-961657. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
  • Information & Communication Technologies Thailand Market Study

    Information & Communication Technologies Thailand Market Study

    Information & Communication Technologies Thailand Market Study APRIL 2018 © Copyright EU Gateway | Business Avenues The information and views set out in this study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of EU Gateway | Business Avenues and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The purpose of this report is to give European companies selected for participation in the EU Gateway | Business Avenues Programme an introductory understanding of the target markets countries and support them in defining their strategy towards those markets. For more information, visit www.eu-gateway.eu. EU Business Avenues in South East Asia Central Management Unit Thailand Market Study April 2018 Submitted to the European Commission on 6 April 2018 Information & Communication Technologies – Thailand Market Study - Page 3 of 207 Table of Contents_Toc511739543 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................................................
  • Pax Technica

    Pax Technica

    pax technica YY6658.indb6658.indb i 22/2/15/2/15 11:15:1811:15:18 AAMM YY6658.indb6658.indb iiii 22/2/15/2/15 11:15:1811:15:18 AAMM philip n. howard pax technica how the internet of things may set us free or lock us up new haven & london YY6658.indb6658.indb iiiiii 22/2/15/2/15 11:15:1811:15:18 AAMM Published with assistance from the Mary Cady Tew Memorial Fund. Copyright © 2015 by Philip N. Howard. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. An online version of the work is made available under a Creative Commons license for use that is noncommercial and not derivative. The terms of the license are set forth at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. For more information about a digital copy of the work, please see the author’s website: http://philhoward.org/. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail sales.press@yale .edu (U.S. offi ce) or [email protected] (U.K. offi ce). Set in Joanna type by Newgen North America, Austin, Texas. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 978-0-300-19947-5 (cloth : alk. paper) Catalogue records for this book are available from the Library of Congress and the British Library.
  • Digital Silk Road in Central Asia: Present and Future

    Digital Silk Road in Central Asia: Present and Future

    Digital Silk Road in Central Asia: Present and Future NARGIS KASSENOVA & BRENDAN DUPREY, EDITORS JUNE 2021 Digital Silk Road in Central Asia: Present and Future Nargis Kassenova & Brendan Duprey, Editors JUNE 2021 Digital Silk Road in Central Asia: Present and Future is a project of the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard University, and the Sustainable Kazakhstan Research Institute, Narxoz University, supported by a grant from Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Kazakhstan. © 2021 Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies Cataloging-in-Publication data ISBN: 978-0-578-93435-8 Please direct inquiries to: Nargis Kassenova Kathryn W. and Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies Harvard University 1730 Cambridge Street, Suite S301 Cambridge, MA 02138 Phone: 617.496.5684 Fax: 617.495.8319 [email protected] The full text of this report can be accessed at https://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/digital-silk-road. Limited print copies are also available. ii Digital Silk Road in Central Asia: Present and Future Contents iv Acknowledgements v Introduction Nargis Kassenova and Brendan Duprey vii Executive Summary 1 The Puzzle of the Digital Silk Road Elisa Oreglia, Hongyi Ren, and Chia-Chi Liao 9 Sino-Russian Advocacy for “Internet Sovereignty” and State-Led Internet Governance Miranda Lupion 17 Digital Silk Road and Surveillance Technology in Central Asia Cian Stryker 55 The Sino-Russian Digital Cooperation and Its Implications for Central Asia Miranda Lupion 77 Beyond the GovTech: The Pitfalls of Kazakhstan’s Digitalization Agenda Anna Gussarova 85 Turkmenistan’s Digitalization Strategy: Old Practices, New Façade? Rustam Muhamedov 93 The Role of Big Earth Data for the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in Central Asia Brendan Duprey and Akmal Akramkhanov 118 About the Authors Contents iii Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Kazakhstan for providing moral and financial support to the project.
  • Exploring the Digital Landscape in Malaysia

    Exploring the Digital Landscape in Malaysia

    EXPLORING THE DIGITAL LANDSCAPE IN MALAYSIA Access and use of digital technologies by children and adolescents © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Malaysia, November 2014 This desk review was produced by UNICEF Voices of Youth and the Communication Section of UNICEF Malaysia. It was initiated in 2013 and authored by Katarzyna Pawelczyk (NYHQ) and Professor Kuldip Kaur Karam Singh (Malaysia), and supported by Indra Nadchatram (UNICEF Malaysia). The publication was designed by Salt Media Group Sdn Bhd and printed by Halus Sutera Sdn Bhd. Permission is required to reproduce any part of this publication. Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-profit organisations. To request permission and for other information on the publication, please contact: UNICEF Malaysia Wisma UN, Block C, Level 2 Kompleks Pejabat Damansara Jalan Dungun, Damansara Heights 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: (6.03) 2095 9154 Email: [email protected] All reasonable precautions have been taken by UNICEF to verify the information contained in this publication as of date of release. ISBN 978-967-12284-4-9 www.unicef.my 4 Exploring the Digital Landscape in Malaysia Foreword or Click Wisely programme It is hoped that the data from was launched in 2012. This the studies can be utilized to programme incorporates the promote an informed civil values enshrined in the Rukun society where online services Negara, and is also aligned will provide the basis of with Malaysian values, ethics continuing enhancements and morals, as well as the to quality of work and life, National Policy Objectives especially for young people. of the Communications and Therefore, we encourage Multimedia Act 1998.
  • Indigenous Voices in Asia-Pacific

    Indigenous Voices in Asia-Pacific

    Indigenous Voices in Asia-Pacifi c Identifying the Information and Communication Needs of Indigenous Peoples Identifying the Information and Communication Needs of Indigenous Peoples The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or the UN Member States. UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. Published by the Asia-Pacific Regional Centre United Nations Development Programme Photos: UNDP Lao PDR/CPCS Programme/Xaisongkham Induangchanty Copyright © 2012 UNDP United Nations Development Programme Asia-Pacific Regional Centre 3rd Floor, UN Service Building Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200,Thailand http://asia-pacific.undp.org Contents Abbreviations iv Acknowledgements v Executive Summary 01 Chapter 1: The Indigenous Voices Initiative 03 Rationale 04 The Indigenous Voices Strategy 05 Communication for Empowerment Practical Guidance Note 07 A Participatory Method of Assessment 08 Chapter 2. The Communication for Empowerment Assessment Framework 09 The C4E Assessment Framework 10 Category 1. The Context of Indigenous Peoples 10 Category 2. The Media and Access to Information 11 Category 3. The Digital Communication Environment 12 Category 4. Indigenous Peoples’ Participation, Access to Media, and Local Information and Communication Needs 13 Chapter 3. Country Assessments 15 Cambodia 16 Indonesia 23 Lao PDR 29 Nepal 36 Philippines 43 Chapter 4.
  • Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia Malaysia 2007

    Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia Malaysia 2007

    About the Cover The Kuda Kepang is a highly-spirited traditional dance performance from Malaysia’s southern state of Johor. Usually performed by nine dancers sitting astride two-dimensional horses, the dance forges the image of great determination with stories of historical and victorious battles told in various vigorous yet graceful movements. The Kuda Kepang image is set against the background of the Istana Budaya, the icon of Malaysian traditional performances and regarded as among the 10 most sophisticated theatres in the world. Much like the dance, the SKMM identifies and weaves the spirit, synergy and story depicted by the Kuda Kepang and the grandiose of the Istana Budaya with our own commitment in bringing about the progressive development of the communications and multimedia industry. © Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia 2007 The information or material in this publication is protected under copyright and, save where otherwise stated, may be reproduced for non-commercial use provided it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. Where any material is reproduced, SKMM as the source of the material must be identified and the copyright status acknowledged. The permission to reproduce does not extend to any information or material the copyright of which belongs to any other person, organisation or third party. Authorisation or permission to reproduce such information or material must be obtained from the copyright holders concerned. Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia Off Persiaran Multimedia, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel: (603) 8688 8000 Fax: (603) 8688 1000 Freephone Number: 1-800-888-030 http://www.mcmc.gov.my CONTENTS Foreword 2 Executive Summary 3 Acronyms 4 Broadband Access – Trends and Implications Introduction 5 Importance of Broadband Access 5 Policy and Investment Trends 5 Selected Countries – Broadband Investments 6 Kick Start to Broadband Access 8 Household Penetration Rates by Region and Country 8 Top Countries with Highest No.