DOCSLIB.ORG

Pulse-To-Pulse Coherent Doppler Measurements of Waves and Turbulence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pulse-To-Pulse Coherent Doppler Measurements of Waves and Turbulence 1580 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 16 Pulse-to-Pulse Coherent Doppler Measurements of Waves and Turbulence FABRICE VERON AND W. K ENDALL MELVILLE Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Manuscript received 7 August 1997, in ®nal form 12 September 1998) ABSTRACT This paper presents laboratory and ®eld testing of a pulse-to-pulse coherent acoustic Doppler pro®ler for the measurement of turbulence in the ocean. In the laboratory, velocities and wavenumber spectra collected from Doppler and digital particle image velocimeter measurements compare very well. Turbulent velocities are obtained by identifying and ®ltering out deep water gravity waves in Fourier space and inverting the result. Spectra of the velocity pro®les then reveal the presence of an inertial subrange in the turbulence generated by unsteady breaking waves. In the ®eld, comparison of the pro®ler velocity records with a single-point current measurement is satisfactory. Again wavenumber spectra are directly measured and exhibit an approximate 25/3 slope. It is concluded that the instrument is capable of directly resolving the wavenumber spectral levels in the inertial subrange under breaking waves, and therefore is capable of measuring dissipation and other turbulence parameters in the upper mixed layer or surface-wave zone. 1. Introduction ence on the measurement technique. For example, pro- ®ling instruments have been very successful in mea- The surface-wave zone or upper surface mixed layer suring microstructure at greater depth (Oakey and Elliot of the ocean has received considerable attention in re- 1982; Gregg et al. 1993), but unless the turnaround time cent years. This is partly a result of the realization that of the pro®ler is small compared to the time between wave breaking (Thorpe 1993; Melville 1994; Anis and Moum 1995) and perhaps Langmuir circulations (Skyl- events, the probability of sampling an intermittent event lingstad and Denbo 1995; McWilliams et al. 1997; Mel- may be signi®cantly reduced when compared with an ville et al. 1998) may lead to enhanced dissipation and instrument at a ®xed depth. This may be dif®cult to signi®cant departures from the classical ``law-of-the- achieve in the upper mixed layer. On the other hand, wall'' description of the surface layer (Craig and Banner ``®xed'' instruments need to be mounted either on a 1994; Terray et al. 1996; Agrawal et al. 1992). The moving buoy or vessel (Osborn et al. 1992; Drennan et classical description would lead to the dissipation, «, al. 1996), and then the problem of transforming from a being proportional to z21, where z is the depth from the temporal signal to a spatial signal through some form surface, whereas recent observations show «}z22 to of Taylor's hypothesis can be dif®cult if not impossible. z24 (Gargett 1989; Drennan et al. 1992), or «}e2z (Anis From the work of Agrawal et al. (1992) and the mod- and Moum 1995), with values of the dimensionless dis- eling of Melville (1994), we assume that the maximum sipation «kz/u3 (where k is the von KaÂrmaÂn constant dissipation rate in the wave zone will be approximately *w 3 andu the friction velocity in water) up to two orders «5Au w/kz, where to be speci®c we take the numerical *w * of magnitude higher than the O(1) expected for the law factor to be A 5 100. Now if we assume that U10 is in of the wall (Melville 1996). the range 3±15 m s21 and z is in the range 1±10 m, then Measuring the dissipation in the surface wave zone with the further assumption that the air±sea drag co- 23 is made dif®cult by the wave motion, the relatively small ef®cient CD 5 O(10 ) (Komen et al. 1994), we ®nd 23 2 23 thickness of the layer, and the general dif®culty of mak- that « ranges from 10 m s (for z 5 1 m and U10 21 27 2 23 ing measurements near the air±sea interface. If breaking 5 15 m s )to93 10 m s (for z 5 10 m and U10 is the source of the high dissipation events, then the 5 3ms21). For these values of « the Kolmogorov length intermittency of breaking can have a signi®cant in¯u- h, time tk, and velocity scales y, are (in SI units) (1.7 3 1024,33 1022,63 1023) and (1023,1,1023), respectively. At large Reynolds numbers the k25/3 sub- range begins to roll off in the dissipation region at kh Corresponding author address: Prof. W. Kendall Melville, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La 5 0.1. For example, for a turbulent Reynolds number 21 5 Jolla, CA 92093-0213. Rt 5 uln of 2 3 10 , corresponding to a breaking E-mail: [email protected] wave of 2-s period (Rapp and Melville 1990), where u q 1999 American Meteorological Society NOVEMBER 1999 VERON AND MELVILLE 1581 and l are, respectively, the velocity and length scales of the energy containing eddies and n the kinematic vis- cosity of water, this subrange extends for two decades to lower wavenumbers before rolling off in the energy- containing range. For this particular conservative Rt we expect to have an inertial subrange over two decades of wavenumbers. Thus, for the largest « given above we would have an inertial subrange over length scales from 0.01 to 1 m, and for the smallest «, 0.06±6 m. In sum- mary, for breaking-induced near-surface turbulence we expect to have inertial subranges for scales in the range O(0.01±1 m). Since dissipation estimates are made from measure- ments over the inertial or dissipation subranges of the turbulent scales, it would be desirable to avoid any form FIG. 1. Photograph of the Dopbeam head, which includes transduc- of Taylor hypothesis and have an instrument that could er and analog electronics. make direct spatial (wavenumber) measurements over these ranges in the ®eld. To our knowledge, the only means of making dense spatial measurements of veloc- Q(t)I(t 1 t) 2 I(t)Q(t 1 t) C5tan21 , (2) ities are either optical or acoustical. Experience in the []I(t)I(t 1 t) 1 Q(t)Q(t 1 t) laboratory with laser Doppler velocimetry (Rapp and Melville 1990) and a digital particle imaging velocim- where l is the system wavelength, t is the delay between eter (DPIV) (Melville et al. 1998) led us to believe that adjacent pulses, and Q(t) and I(t) are, respectively, the optical techniques, while very attractive, may be less quadrature and in-phase components of the received sig- robust than acoustical systems in the active wave zone nal S(t), and S*(t) denotes the complex conjugate. Clear- of the ocean. Accordingly, we decided to pursue acous- ly, the direct velocity measurement is limited to zCz # tical techniques. p, giving a maximum velocity range of This paper describes our laboratory and ®eld tests of l the suitability of a pulse-to-pulse coherent acoustic Vmax 56 . (3) Doppler instrument (Dopbeam, Sontek, San Diego) for 4t measuring turbulence in the inertial subrange under The maximum achievable range is breaking waves. Direct comparisons are made with a ct DPIV system in the laboratory, and with a single-point R 5 , (4) acoustic velocimeter in the ®eld. max 2 where c is velocity of sound in water. This leads to the 2. Instrumentation well-known ``range±velocity'' ambiguity lc a. Coherent Doppler sonar RV 56 . (5) max max 8 As opposed to conventional incoherent Doppler sys- The Dopbeam is a 1.72-MHz, programmable, mono- tems, which extract the velocity from the frequency shift static, single-beam sonar system performing pulse-to- in the backscatter, coherent Doppler sonars transmit a pulse coherent Doppler measurements of the along- series of short pulses, allowing continuous recording of beam ¯uid velocity. Typically, it operates in the range the ¯uid velocity at densely spaced range bins. This 0.5±5 m with a direct unambiguous velocity measure- leads to the possibility of acquiring information on the ment between 0.3 and 0.03 m s21. The waterproof unit ¯uid turbulence (Lhermitte and Lemmin 1990, 1994; is 40 cm long and 6 cm in diameter (Fig. 1). It is Lohrmann et al. 1990; Gargett 1994). equipped with a single 2.5-cm-diameter transducer at For each pulse, the backscattered signal is range gat- one end, and an underwater connector for communi- ed. The radial velocities V are extracted using the pulse- cation with a controller at the other end. For a circular pair coherent technique (Miller and Rochwarger 1972) piston transducer, the directivity of the emitted acoustic by taking the time rate of change of the phase C of the intensity is given by the Rayleigh function complex signal autocorrelation X(t) 5 S(t)S*(t 1 t). Hence 2J (pD sinu/l) Ra(u) 5 1 , (6) pD sinu/l 1 l C V 5 , (1) 2p 2 t where J1 is the ®rst-order cylindrical Bessel function and D the diameter of the transducer. The spreading with angle of the main lobe is then given by Ra(u 0) 5 0, 1582 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 16 which leads to u 0 5 2.48, and the half-power beam angle is given by 20 log10[Ra(u3dB)] 523, which leads to u3dB 5 18. The Fresnel zone (near ®eld) boundary is located at D 2/4l 5 18 cm from the transducer. b. Digital particle image velocimeter A DPIV is a system that measures two components of velocity in a plane by measuring particle displace- ments between sequential images.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fire Island—Historical Background
    Chapter 1 Fire Island—Historical Background Brief Overview of Fire Island History Fire Island has been the location for a wide variety of historical events integral to the development of the Long Island region and the nation. Much of Fire Island’s history remains shrouded in mystery and fable, including the precise date at which the barrier beach island was formed and the origin of the name “Fire Island.” What documentation does exist, however, tells an interesting tale of Fire Island’s progression from “Shells to Hotels,” a phrase coined by one author to describe the island’s evo- lution from an Indian hotbed of wampum production to a major summer resort in the twentieth century.1 Throughout its history Fire Island has contributed to some of the nation’s most important historical episodes, including the development of the whaling industry, piracy, the slave trade, and rumrunning. More recently Fire Island, home to the Fire Island National Seashore, exemplifies the late twentieth-century’s interest in preserving natural resources and making them available for public use. The Name. It is generally believed that Fire Island received its name from the inlet that cuts through the barrier and connects the Great South Bay to the ocean. The name Fire Island Inlet is seen on maps dating from the nineteenth century before it was attributed to the barrier island. On September 15, 1789, Henry Smith of Boston sold a piece of property to several Brookhaven residents through a deed that stated the property ran from “the Head of Long Cove to Huntting
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Groynes of the River Oder on Larval Assemblages Of
    Hydrobiologia (2018) 819:177–195 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3636-6 PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER Human impact on large rivers: the influence of groynes of the River Oder on larval assemblages of caddisflies (Trichoptera) Edyta Buczyn´ska . Agnieszka Szlauer-Łukaszewska . Stanisław Czachorowski . Paweł Buczyn´ski Received: 17 June 2017 / Revised: 28 April 2018 / Accepted: 30 April 2018 / Published online: 9 May 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The influence of groynes in large rivers on assemblages. The distribution of Trichoptera was caddisflies has been poorly studied in the literature. governed inter alia by the plant cover and the amount Therefore, we carried out an investigation on the of detritus, and consequently, the food resources. 420-km stretch of the River Oder equipped with Oxygen, nitrates, phosphates and electrolytic conduc- groynes. At 29 stations, we caught caddisflies in four tivity were important as well. Groynes have had habitats: current sites, groyne fields, riverine control positive effects for caddisflies—not only those in the sites without groynes and in the river’s oxbows. We river itself, but also those in its valley. They can found that groyne construction increased species therefore be of significance in river restoration richness, diversity, evenness, and altered the structure (although originally they served other purposes), of functional groups into more diversified and sus- especially with respect to the radically transformed tainable ones compared to the control sites. The ecosystems of large rivers. groyne field fauna is similar to that of natural lentic habitats, but its composition is largely governed by the Keywords Trichoptera Á Species assemblages Á presence of potential colonists in the nearby oxbows.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochronology and Geomorphology of the Jones
    Geomorphology 321 (2018) 87–102 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Geochronology and geomorphology of the Jones Point glacial landform in Lower Hudson Valley (New York): Insight into deglaciation processes since the Last Glacial Maximum Yuri Gorokhovich a,⁎, Michelle Nelson b, Timothy Eaton c, Jessica Wolk-Stanley a, Gautam Sen a a Lehman College, City University of New York (CUNY), Department of Earth, Environmental, and Geospatial Sciences, Gillet Hall 315, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA b USU Luminescence Lab, Department of Geology, Utah State University, USA c Queens College, School of Earth and Environmental Science, City University of New York, USA article info abstract Article history: The glacial deposits at Jones Point, located on the western side of the lower Hudson River, New York, were Received 16 May 2018 investigated with geologic, geophysical, remote sensing and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating Received in revised form 8 August 2018 methods to build an interpretation of landform origin, formation and timing. OSL dates on eight samples of quartz Accepted 8 August 2018 sand, seven single-aliquot, and one single-grain of quartz yield an age range of 14–27 ka for the proglacial and Available online 14 August 2018 glaciofluvial deposits at Jones Point. Optical age results suggest that Jones Point deposits largely predate the glacial Lake Albany drainage erosional flood episode in the Hudson River Valley ca. 15–13 ka. Based on this Keywords: fi Glaciofluvial sedimentary data, we conclude that this major erosional event mostly removed valley ll deposits, leaving elevated terraces Landform evolution during deglaciation at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
    [Show full text]
  • North-Coast of Texel: a Comparison Between Reality and Prediction
    North-Coast of Texel: A Comparison between Reality and Prediction Rob Steijn1 Dano Roelvink2 Jan Ribberink4 Jan van Overeem1 Abstract For an efficient protection of the north coast of the Dutch Waddensea island Texel, a long dam was constructed in 1995. The position of this dam is on the southern swash platform of the ebb tidal delta of the Eijerlandse Gat: the tidal inlet between the two Waddensea islands Texel and Vlieland. The long dam changed the hydro-morpho- logical conditions in this tidal inlet. The changes in the inlet's morphology have been monitored through regular bathymetry surveys. This paper describes some of the most remarkable changes that occurred in the inlet after the construction of the long dam. The impact of the long dam on the inlet's morphology and the adjacent shoreline stability has been examined with the use of a medium-term morphodynamic model. From a comparison between the observed and predicted morphological changes it followed that the model was able to simulate the large scale morphological response of the inlet system. However, on a smaller scale there were still important discrepan- cies between the observations and the predictions. Introduction The Dutch Government decided in 1990 to maintain the coastline at its 1990-position by means of artificial sand nourishments. However, at certain coastal sections, where nourishments appear to be less effective, alternative coastal protection methods could be considered. The north-coast of Texel (Figure 1) appeared to be such a coastal section. Over a distance of some 6 km, the north-coast of Texel has lost in the last decades on average about 0.5 million m3 sand per year.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Environment Quality Assessment of the Skagerrak - Kattegat
    Journal ol Sea Research 35 (1-3):1-8 (1996) MARINE ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE SKAGERRAK - KATTEGAT RUTGER ROSENBERG1, INGEVRN CATO2, LARS FÖRLIN3, KJELL GRIP4 ANd JOHAN RODHEs 1Göteborg university, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 5-450 34 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden 2Geological Survey of Sweden, Box 670, 5-751 28 Llppsala, Sweden 3cöteborg university, Department of Zoophysiology, Medicinaregatan 18, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden aSwedish Environment Protection Agency, S-106 48 Stockholm, Sweden ,Göteborg lJniversity, Department of Oceanography, Earth Science Centre, 5413 81 Göteborg, Sweden ABSTRACT This quality assessment of the Skagerrak-Kattegat is mainly based on recent results obtained within the framework ol the Swedish multidisciplinaiy research projekt 'Large'scale environmental effects and ecological processes in the Skagerrak-Kattegat'completed with relevant data from other research publications. The results show that the North Sea has a significant impact on the marine ecosystem in the Skagerrak and the northern Kattegat. Among environmental changes recently documented for some of these areas are: increased nutrient concentrations, increased occurrence of fast-growing fila- mentous algae in coastal areas affecting nursery and feeding conditions lor fish, declining bottom water oxygen concentrations with negative effects on benthic fauna, and sediment toxicity to inverte brates also causing physiological responses in fish. lt is concluded that, due to eutrophication and toxic substances, large-scale environmental changes and effects occur in the Skagerrak-Kattegat area. Key words: eutrophication, contaminants, nutrients, oxygen concentrations, toxicity, benthos, fish l.INTRODUCTION direction. This water constitutes the bulk of the water in the Skagerrak. A weaker inflow from the southern The Kattegat and the Skagerrak (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Paralichthys Spp.) from Baja California, Mexico
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC SIMILARITY AMONG THREE SPECIES OF HALIBUT (PARALICHTHYS SPP.) FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology by Nathaniel Bruns May 2012 The thesis of Nathaniel Bruns is approved: ——————————————— ————————— Michael P. Franklin Ph.D. Date ——————————————— ————————— Virginia Oberholzer Vandergon Ph.D. Date ——————————————— ————————— Larry G. Allen Ph.D., Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisors Larry Allen, Michael Franklin, and Virgina Vandergon for their support. Also, my appreciation and thanks to the kind people at the Los Angeles Natural History Museum, specifically Jeff Siegel (retired), Rick Feeney, and Neftalie Ramirez. The help I received from Pavel Lieb (CSUN sequencing facility) was essential to this research. I also owe thanks to Natalie Martinez-Takeshita (USC), and Chris Chabot (UCLA). iii TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ABSTRACT v INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 RESULTS 17 DISCUSSION 22 REFERENCES 34 APPENDIX A 40 APPENDIX B 41 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 The locations where fish were collected along the coast of southern California and along the Baja peninsula (highlighted). The numbers represent all flatfish collected at each site that were used in the DNA analyses. Figure 2 A drawing of the ocular side of a right-sided flatfish. Ten morphometric variables are shown Figure 3 A drawing of the anterior half of a flatfish, showing the ocular side of a left-sided head.
    [Show full text]
  • A Large Indoor Tidal Mud-Flat Ecosystem
    Helgol~inder wiss. Meeresunters. 30, 334-342 (1977) A large indoor tidal mud-flat ecosystem P. A. W. J. DE WILDE ~; B. R. KUIPERS Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; Texel, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: This paper presents a technical description and some preliminary results of a relatively large experimental tidal mud-flat ecosystem, constructed in parallel set-ups in the experimental aquarium of the Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee (NIOZ). The system was build in 1975, filled with sea-water and natural sediment from a typical Arenicola marina habitat. Atter introducing micro-phytobenthos and juvenile A. marina, the development in both systems, without correcting interventions, were followed for about two years. Studies on nutrient concentrations and organic matter, primary productivity, fluctuations in biomass, density of secondary producers and activity of micro-organisms reveal the systems to be self- pertaining and fairly stable. The study of assemblages of hardy inhabitants of the stressful intertidal environment seems to be a promising starting point for further micro-system research. INTRODUCTION Though a large amount of relevant data from various disciplines about the tidal flat areas of the Dutch Wadden Sea have ,been collected, we are still far from understanding this ecosystem. Detailed information is scarce on such basic topics as the amount, dispersion and ultimate deposition of allochtoneous organic matter from the North Sea (which considerably subsidizes the system); the part detritus plays in the food chains; the activities of micro-organisms; the importance of the meiofauna, etc. Fluc- tuation in primary production and in biomass and productivity of animal populations, mainly due to annual changes in weather conditions, are also largely unexplained.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter One Hundred Thirty Six
    CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED THIRTY SIX PERMEABLE GROYNES: EXPERIMENTS AND PRACTICE IN THE NETHERLANDS W.T. Bakker , C.H. Hulsbergen , P.^Rgelse , C. de Smit and J.N. Svasek ABSTRACT This paper reports on model experiments and up to 20 years of practice in nature with a permeable groyne system, consisting of single or double permeable rows of wooden piles perpendicular to the beach, without bottom protection. This system costs only 10 to 25% of the impermeable stone groynes which have for centuries been used in the Netherlands. Model experiments confirm that wave-induced currents in the pro- tected areas are reduced to 65%, and tidal currents even to 50%, de- pending on the pile screen configuration. Prototype measurements could not lead to straightforward conclusions with statistical significance: the effect of the pile screens on beach evolution is partly merged in- to natural fluctuations and trends. Wooden pile screens do not prevent the shoreward motion of tidal channels, which can cause washing out of piles. Furthermore, constructional failures, which in the future can be avoided, at some places resulted in negative experience. It is concluded that permeable pile screens deserve serious consideration as a first flexible and cheap phase in combating coastal erosion. Its application however should be based on a thorough analysis of the local coastal current climate. 1 INTRODUCTION Holland has to defend its low-lying land against the wind-swept waters of the North Sea. Large portions of its natural defence line, the coastal dune ridge, are subject to erosion [Bakker and Joustra, 1970], as a result of long-term or cyclic beach recession and short- term storm-surge dune erosion.
    [Show full text]
  • Proliminaqy Re2oi-T on Itariiie Dtolog Study of Onot,Or: Atoll, Gilbert Iu!.Alds
    Proliminaqy Re2oi-t on itariiie Dtolog Study of Onot,or: Atoll, Gilbert Iu!.alds Part I by John EE.hddl Issuacl by TI23 PACIFIC SCIENCE BGAW National Acadenii of Scioncos--National Research Council Eiashirigton, D. C. December 15, 1352 PRTXfMINARY REPORT ON Mh?INZ EIOLO!X STUDY OF OI4OTOA ATOLL, GTLEFZT I%iU?DS SC1'34TIE'IC INVFS'I'IGATIOPJS IN D!XCPOiVESTA Pacific Science Board N~tionaLResearch Council Dr. H. Banner Uiiiversity of Hawaii Honolt~lu, Hawaii February 20, 1952 Part IT ~dr.John E. Randall University of Hat~aii Honolulu , Hawaii March L+, 1952 This field xorlc was carried on in coni1eci;ion with the Coral Atoll Project of the Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council and ms sxppor-Led by fut~?sgranted to the XatLon::l Acadw of Sciences from the Office of Maw.?. Resenl,ch. Generom cooperation was received fram the PIilitarj- Air Transport Seyvlce and the United States Coast Guard Ln anssisting with transportation, tiin University of Hawaii i? supplying much needed equipnent, the admlnis- trative officials of tha Gilb~rtand Ellice Islands Colony. The author is pzrticularly grateful. for the assistance estended by Xiliss EMlestine Akers mcl Kz. Earold $. Coolidge of the Pacific Sciecce Board. Th~ksa.re also due to Dr, Preston E. Cloud, Jr., the leader of the ~xpedition,for the use of the map he made of the islmd, and to R. Tacker Abbo-bt of the U. S. National PIusevm for the identification of Bone of the molluscs. The mri?e bio:lLogical r'rork on Uno'toa j.s dtvisible into five portions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Dune Erosion During Storm Surges
    DUNE EROSION DURING STORM SURGES Deltares Select Series Volume 3 ISSN 1877-5608 Deltares is a Dutch independent research institute for water, soil and subsurface is- sues. It was formed in 2008 from a merger of Delft Hydraulics, GeoDelft, the Subsur- face and Groundwater unit of TNO and parts of Rijkswaterstaat. Cover: Beach and dunes at Westenschouwen in The Netherlands; photo by Jaap van Thiel de Vries. Previously published in this series: Volume 2. P.M.S. Monteiro and M. Marchand (Eds.), Catchment2Coast: A Systems Approach to Coupled River-Coastal Ecosystem Science and Management Volume 1. F.J. Los, Eco-Hydrodynamic Modelling of Primary Production in Coastal Waters and Lakes Using BLOOM DUNE EROSION DURING STORM SURGES PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.dr.ir. J.T. Fokkema, voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 1 september 2009 om 15:00 uur door Jacob Simon Marie VAN THIEL DE VRIES civiel ingenieur geboren te ‘s-Hertogenbosch Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren: Prof.dr.ir. M.J.F. Stive Prof.dr.ir. A.J.H.M. Reniers copromotor: Dr.ir. J. van de Graaff Samenstelling promotiecommissie: Rector Magnificus voorzitter Prof.dr.ir. M.J.F. Stive Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor Prof.dr.ir. A.J.H.M. Reniers University of Miami (Verenigde Staten), promotor Dr.ir. J. van de Graaff Technische Universiteit Delft, copromotor Prof.dr. R.A. Holman Oregon State University (Verenigde Staten) Prof.dr.ir. L.C.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thesis Entitled the Chronology of Glacial Landforms Near Mongo
    A Thesis entitled The Chronology of Glacial Landforms Near Mongo, Indiana – Evidence for the Early Retreat of the Saginaw Lobe by Thomas R. Valachovics Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Geology ___________________________________________ Timothy G. Fisher, PhD., Committee Chair ___________________________________________ James M. Martin-Hayden, PhD., Committee Member ___________________________________________ Jose Luis Antinao-Rojas, PhD., Committee Member ___________________________________________ Cyndee Gruden, PhD, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2019 Copyright 2019 Thomas R. Valachovics This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of The Chronology of Glacial Landforms Near Mongo, Indiana – Evidence for the Early Retreat of the Saginaw Lobe by Thomas R. Valachovics Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Geology The University of Toledo August 2019 The Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet occupied central Michigan and northern Indiana during the last glacial maximum. Evidence exists that the Saginaw Lobe retreated earlier than its neighboring lobes but attempts to constrain this retreat using radiocarbon dating methods has led to conflicting results. Optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) offers an alternative methodology to date deglacial deposits. The Pigeon River Meltwater Channel (PRMC) was formed by a large, erosional pulse of meltwater that exited the ice sheet and eroded through the deglaciated landscape previously occupied by the Saginaw Lobe. Sediments that partially fill the PRMC were dated using OSL. Minimum ages for the retreat of the Saginaw Lobe were acquired to test the hypothesis that the Mongo area is ice free by 23 ka.
    [Show full text]
  • MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS-1963=A DOCUMENT RESUME ED 061 045 SE 013 270 AUTH0P Luedtke, John R
    11111 1.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963=A DOCUMENT RESUME ED 061 045 SE 013 270 AUTH0P Luedtke, John R. TITLE Directory of Marine and Marine-Related Information Resources at the University of Wisconsin. Part IT, Library and Film Resources. INSTITUTION Wisconsin Univ., Madison. REPORT NO WIS-SG-71-10ab PUB DATE 70 NOTE 147p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Directories; Earth Science; *Films; Library Reference Services; *Library Services; *Marine Biology; *Oceanology; Resource Materials ABSTRACT This directory of library and film resources for marine and marine-related information is the second volume of a two-volume marine directory set. The listings identify and locate periodicals, indices and abstracts, bibliographies, monographs, films, and filmstrips available within the University of Wisconsin netowrk. The volume number and year of the earliest publication found in the library are provided with each entry in the listings for periodicals, indices, and abstracts. A subject index for the monographs is included. The films listed are available from the Bureau of Audio-Visual Instruction at the Madison campus. A brief description of the content, color, length, and rental fee are included with each film listed. (PR) Public U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION Information THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM Report #4 THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION OPIG- INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY 1970 REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY DIRECTORY of MARINE and MARINE-RELATED INFORMATION RESOURCES at THE UNIVERSITY of WISCONSIN PART II.LIBRARY and FILM RESOURCES WIS-SG-71-104b DIRECTORY OF MARINE AND MARINE RELATED INFORMATION RESOURCES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN PART II: LIBRARY AND FILM RESOURCES Compiled and Edited by: Genevieve V.
    [Show full text]