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HST Senior Review Proposal 2013-2014 Annexes-A

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HST Senior Review Proposal 2013-2014 Annexes-A A close view of the star-forming region 30 Doradus, located in the heart of the Tarantula Nebula. Wide Field Camera 3 Contents [edit this] 1 . .Annex A: Hubble: Current Performance and Future Expectation 1 . A.1. The History of Hubble 5 . A.2. The Present: Hubble Observatory and Science 5 . A.2.1. Hubble Observatory: Servicing Mission 4 8 . A.2.2. Science Instruments 10 . A.3. Hubble Science after Servicing Mission 4 10 . A.3.1. Highlights of Recent Exciting Discoveries 12 . A.3.2. Maximizing Hubble’s Scientific Return: The Multi Cycle Treasury Programs 13 . A.3.3.1. Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury Survey (PHAT) 14 . A.3.3.2. Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) 15. .A.3.3.3. Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble (CLASH) 16 . A.3.3.4. Dark Energy and MCT Supernova Search 18 . A.4. The Future: Hubble Observatory and Science Instrument Performance Expectations 18 . A.4.1. Science Instrument Lifetime Predictions 19 . A.4.2. Hubble Observatory Lifetime Predictions 19 . A.4.2.1. Fine Guidance Sensors 19 . A.4.2.2. Gyros 19 . A.4.2.3. Batteries 19 . A.4.2.4. Other Subsystems 20 . A.4.3. Mission Life Extension Activities 22 . A.5. A Leap Forward: Future Scientific Initiatives 22 . A.5.1. Ultra-Deep Fields 24 . A.5.2. Ultraviolet Astrophysics Legacy Program 25 . A.5.3. The HST Source Catalog 29 . .Annex B: Impact of Hubble on Science 29 . B.1. Impact of Hubble on Science: Metrics 29 . B.1.1. Publications and Citations 31 . B.1.2. Proposal Pressure and European Success 33 . B.2. Hubble in the Media 33 . B.2.1. Science Releases 34 . B.2.2. Pictures of the Week A stellar field in theSagittarius 35 . B.2.3. Podcasts Window. 36 . B.2.4. Social Media 37 . B.2.5. Other Initiatives Advanced Camera for Surveys / 37 . B.2.5.1. The Hubble Hidden Treasure Competition Wide Field Channel 41 . Annex C: The Scientific Impact of the Hubble Archive 41 . C.1. The Hubble Archive Contents, continued 47 . Annex D: Synergy — Working together with Other Missions 48 . .D.1. Synergy between Hubble and JWST 49 . .D.1. Synergy between Hubble and Planet-finding Missions 53 . Annex E: The Cost of Hubble’s Extension to ESA 53 . .E.1. Cost of Hubble’s Extension (2013–2014) to ESA 57 . Annex F: Supporting Documentation 57 . .F.1. Letter from Mr. Mansoor Ahmed, Associate Director, Astrophysics Projects Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center 59. F.2. Letter from Dr. Mario Mateo, University of Michigan Department of Astronomy 62. F.3. Letter from Dr. Louis-Gregory Strolger, Chair, Hubble Space Telescope Users Committee, Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University 65 . .Acknowledgments 66. Acronyms 67. Hubble image credits NGC 2397, a classic spiral galaxy with long prominent dust lanes along the edges of its arms. Infrared image of the Hubble’s exquisite resolution allows the study of “Mystic Mountain” individual stars in nearby galaxies. in the Carina Nebula. Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Camera 3 1 Annex A Hubble: Current Performance and Future Expectations A.1. The History of Hubble he Hubble Space Telescope had its origins in the writings of Hermann Oberth in the 1920s and Lyman Spitzer in the 1940s. They suggested that T astronomy could benefit greatly from a telescope that viewed the Uni- verse from above Earth’s atmosphere. In the early 1960s interest increased in astronomy as a scientific discipline to be pursued from space, and momentum grew for development of a large orbiting telescope. In 1962, NASA asked the Space Science Board of the National Acade- my of Sciences to study and recommend future astronomy payloads. In 1965, the Space Science Board recommended that NASA develop a large space telescope. In the autumn of 1971, NASA began to do serious feasibility studies of a 3-m–aperture telescope called the Large Space Telescope (LST). The study results were favourable, and preliminary design was initiated in 1972. While the design grew in maturity, it also highlighted the problems related to building such a large telescope, in particular the difficulty of housing the spacecraft inside the Shuttle hold as well as carrying the weight that was already at the limit of the lift capa- bilities of the Shuttle. In addition the cost was growing at an alarming rate. As a result the telescope underwent a major descoping, the mirror size was reduced to 2.4 m and the US Congress mandated that NASA should seek international partnership in this project to limit the overall costs to the US. NASA HQ and Project personnel approached ESA in late 1973 with a request to consider participation in the LST in several different areas: spacecraft hardware, scientific instruments and science operations. Within ESA, a team was appointed to lead the study. Over a 2-year period a joint NASA/ESA team discussed a large number of options. Initial studies concentrated on the potential provision of a sci- entific instrument to be placed in the telescope’s focal plane. A first study looked at a number of instruments for possible cooperation, including a two-dimensional “Mystic Mountain,” in the Carina Nebula. spectrograph and an imaging camera optimised for the ultraviolet (UV). This ini- tial selection was subsequently narrowed down, through a series of discussions Wide Field Camera 3 within the ESA Astrophysics Working Group and with NASA, to the Faint Object Camera (FOC). This decision was prompted in part by the fact that this instrument required a detector imaging system that could work in a “photon counting mode” in order to fully exploit the LST’s imaging capabilities. At that time, Europe had REVISIONS ZONE REV DESCRIPTION DATE APVD 2 C23 AADDED DIM 11.02 C19 ADDED DIM 11.02 AND 88.73, DOOR LATCH. Fig. A.1.1. Diagram of the Space Telescope. (Lockheed Martin Space Company, 1981) F21 ADDED DIM 26.36. 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1250 MINUS HST STATIONS = ORBITER STATION (TYP) H SSM EQUIPMENT LIGHT SHIELD (LS) FORWARD SHELL (FS) SECTION (SSM-ES) AFT SHROUD (AS) (153.20 IN) (156.05 IN) (61.25 IN) (138.00 IN) STA STA STA G STA STA 299.25 238.00 100.00 608.5 455.30 STA 337.75 HIGH-GAIN ANTENNA AFT TRUNNION HGA LATACH (4) (HGA_, 2 REQ’D AND 492.824 +X S/A FWD OTA KEEL FITTING 68.242 ±Z LATCH (2) S/A AFT EQUIPMENT 14.050 ±Y LATCH (2) SECTION STA S F VENT (4) 240.00 QUANTUM STOWED GROUND EFFICIENCY APERTURE AXIAL SI STA STA STA STRAP FHST FHST HANDRAIL 90.8 HYSTERESIS 26.36 DOOR LATCH (1) TRANSFER RAILS FWD SCUFF 476.735 393.30 377.562 BAY D BAY 2 NO. 1 NO. 2 RAD INSTALLATION –V3 PLATE (2) PURGE FITTINGS PURGE LINES (PE) –V3 HANDRAIL BAY C 180° AXIAL SI ENT WF/PC V TRANSFER RAILS STA E 535.00 FSS-EMERGENCY HANDHOLD (LMSC) ELECTRICAL BAY 1 UMBILICAL BAY B 88.73 R SI HST-DEPLOYMENT D SUN SENSOR GROUNDING DOOR LATCH BAY A ELECTRICAL FWD (2) STRAPS AXIAL SI UMBILICAL NS AND FS –V2 +V2 FSS-ELECTRICAL +V2 11.02 Hubble: Current Performance and Future Expectations V1 UMBILICAL REFLECTOR REFLECTOR CLUSTER 11.02 CLUSTER (2) FGS 270° C –V2 NO.1 (2) NS AND FS- FS– RED YELLOW NS– GREEN CRYOGENIC BAY 10 PINS (3) FOR ERMINAL T VENT PORT FLIGHT SUPPORT BOARD COVER (2) SYSTEM (FSS) 90-IN RAD B LOW-GAIN ANTENNA AFT BAY 9 BAY SUN SENSOSRS (2) (1) LOOKING OUTBOARD AD HINGE STA (1) LOOKING AFT BAY 8 FGS NO.2 LOW-GAIN ANTENNA 610.93 +X 610.81 OUTBOARD, VIEWING –V2 OTA EQUIPMENT STA STA WAVEGUIDE 57.40 +Y SOLAR ARRAY (2) 358.00 320.00 INSIDE AFT BLKHD A STA 7 0° 360° N OT S HOWN (SA) (STOWED) HGA HINGE 299.425 S 20A +V3 S/A 7 • RMS GRAPPLE 333.00 + X SECTION S– S 9A FIXTURE (2), 72.30 ± Y PIVOT +V1 N.S. AND F.S. (2) • FWD TRUNNION-NS thermal vacuum testing and integration with the ground system. thermal testingandintegration vacuum withthegroundsystem. through andwent completed, The telescopewas years. two for Shuttleflights ceased aminute intoitsflight. justover exploded theSpaceShuttleChallenger 1986, Buton January 28, ber 1986. duration of the MOU. duration oftheMOU. andthecontinuedoperations support the for the solararrays, Object Camera, oftheFaint theprovision for cess inexchange pro tobeallocatedthrough apeer-review able observing time, mers fromESAMemberStatesaminimumof15%theavail Itguaranteed Europeanastrono signedinOctober 1977. was report. in June1976andsubsequentlysubmittedapositive period a10-day ments inEurope(ESAandESAContractors) over teamvisitedeightestablish This review Object Camera. the Faint itsabilitytoprovide tovisitEuropereview neers beallowed NASArequestedthatateamofscientistsandengi process, (AO) Announcement ofOpportunityto beselected throughaNASA the UnitedStates. subject tosatisfactory negotiationoftheMOUwith go-ahead, the ScienceProgramme Committee (SPC)gave Agency’s and the tobuild( approval the whentheUSCongressgave continueduntil1977, was study The Hubble design bothpartiesby throughout1975and1976. Furtherconducted studieswere ofoperations. planned 10years share oftheobserving Europeanastronomersduringthe timefor ESAtosecurea15% beappropriatetoallow would solar arrays, the ofamajorsubsystem, andtheprovision operation, scope’s Tele Europetothe by contribution continuing a Object Camera, Faint the to addition in that, agreed cooperationthe LST, on for the taskofestablishingaMemorandum ofUnderstanding(MOU) opticalastronomy. tine usefor the onlyphoton-countingimagingsysteminrou had developed CollegeLondon inthatscientistsatUniversity a leadinthisarea, gent of 15 ESA scientists and engineers was established at STScI. establishedatSTScI. gent of15ESAscientists and engineerswas contin full the year, a about Within MOU. supportthe by provided ESA staff membertookupdutyatSTScIas part oftheoperational thefirst By1982, scope timeandmanagethescienceprogramme. tele proposalsfor toevaluate Maryland, tablished inBaltimore, After some delays, Hubble’s launch was scheduled for Octo scheduledfor launchwas Hubble’s After somedelays, es ScienceInstitute(STScI)was Telescope theSpace In 1981, The Memorandum of Understanding between NASAandESA The Memorandum ofUnderstandingbetween were Telescope the instruments destinedfor As theotherfour completed studywas feasibility theproject’s On theESAside, setupwith whichwas group, The NASA/ESAjointworking Fig.
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