268 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA.
INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA.
MOST of the following inscriptions were copied on a tour through the country of the Rhyndacus and Macestus in the autumn of 1894. A few were added on a hasty visit to Balukiser and Balia in September 1896. I have ar- ranged them geographically in a zigzag line, from Brusa westwards to Cyzicus, then south-eastwards to Tavshanli and the plain of Simav, and then westwards again by Balat, Kebsud, Balukiser, and Balia to the Aesepus. For the precise position of the several places, and for topographical details, I may refer to a paper by Mr. H. M. Anthony and myself published in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, February and March 1897. Prof. W. C. F. Anderson, who accompanied me on both journeys, has kindly allowed me to compare his readings of the inscriptions with mine, and in one instance I have adopted his copy in preference to my own. I have not repeated any inscriptions which I have found to be already published, unless I believed that I could make material additions or corrections. Many of the following inscriptions will appear to be of little or no importance, but in Asia Minor much light may be thrown on the ethnology, religion, and civilization of a district by mere nomenclature and spelling. The work of Prof. W. M. Ramsay has shown how much may be learnt from the epitaphs and dedications of semi-barbarous peasants. Several of these inscriptions, however, are of some interest, for example No. 27 for political history, Nos. 13 and 67 for historical geography, and Nos. 48 and 64 for the religion of the country.
1. Tachtali, a village about three hours west of Brusa: in the Church of Hagios Theodoros. Ornate marble stele with gable and spirally fluted columns, 2 feet high, 1 foot 10 inches broad. Letters about 1 inch. ATAGHTYXH
6PETTTHPA ©peTrrypa /j,ov VXANCOIHA (rot, xl ? AIACONHAIA 3. Tachtali: in the floor of the bath. Marble slab, about 2| feet long, broken below. Letters about 2 inches. + niCTOC 0EPA O? Oepd- eo)[0] ivOahe KATAKiWi-LUANN-lC E TTI Z K°T]j^fcH9EIC 'ETTMTKoirrj 4. Akcheler, near the eastern shore of the lake of Apollonia: in a lane to the west of the village. Rough boulder. Letters about 2£ inches, rudely inscribed. ©COP T6CTONK OTA Apparently a boundary stone. The character of the writing resembles that of another boundary stone, built into the wall of the mosque. See Le Bas No. 1095. 5. Apollonia (ad Rhyndacum): outside the wall, not far from the bridge. Fragment of marble column. Letters about 2 inches. KAIAIOE IEKOYNAE 'ZeKovvSo? OPHT/1P 6 prjTmp. 6. Apollonia: in a wall just inside the gate. Marble block, broken to right. Letters 1| inch. MAl »MIAAA\I -ao 8. Apollonia: in a stair leading down to the shore. Round marble pillar, broken below. Letters about f inch. ATAeHiTYXHI 'Ayadijt, TU^. TAICANOAICTHC Tat? dvoaU i% eeOY Oeov eiMIANOCOAKT/7/7 'E[p]/*tavo? 6 'AKT[IOV 5 ZHCACATTeAUK€N 5 €YXAPICTHPION TAIOTAKAITONBU) TO, WTU KUI TOV /3a>- MONenilCPeiAC -f*ov eVt lepeiat nPOC///////////THC i? apparently for avayais the 7 being softened to y, as often in modern Greek. 9. Apollonia: in a house. Marble stele, broken above and at both sides. Beneath the inscription is a panel (7 \ X 7 inches) containing a relief of a lady, seated to right, holding a child in her lap, while a maid facing her presents a basket. Letters \ inch. A AHOft ANAPOY AZKAH XAIPE 10. Apollonia : in a house. Rough marble fragment, broken above and at both sides. Above the inscription are carved the talons of an eagle in high relief. nNTTACTHCOE TJ}? ©e[ ev- XHN 11. Apollonia. Copy communicated by a dealer in Brusa. Stone described as a square base, with mouldings above and below, broken to left. ATAOHI TYXHI 'Ayadrji Tvy?\i. AYTOKPATOPI AvTo/cpdropt, ZAPIAAPIANOI KaC]rrapt 'A8ptav[&]i MTTIfllSnTHP 'O\v]fiiria>i KAIKTISTH ical KTI(TT7)[I. INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 271 The titles aanrjp Kal Krlcrrrfi were often given to Hadrian by grateful communities. Compare e.g. Perrot, La Galatie, No. 59, and Le Bas, No. 1721a. The great inscription built into the walls of Apollonia (Hamilton, No. 304, Le Bas, No. 1068), is a testimony to the munificent patronage of Hadrian. 12. Ulubad (Lopadium): in the cafe". Fragment of marble block, broken on all sides. Letters about 1 inch. A k A 11 E P H 2. A M E N U N K AI N i NTATnNITBAETnNEYTE AIIEPOMNHMONIIEANTAAl TEITATAKAHTPATi-irii n A Kal lep[ev] 13. Mikhalich: built into the corner of the Ulujami mosque, rather high up. Published by Cichorius, Ath. Mitth. xiv. p. 248. My copy presents such curious differences that I give both versions side by side. Dr. Cichorius. My copy. e n i N oTON AY (a) tTANOTONAV NAIMO vAnoAic N ^ W 0 V M TTOA IC £ s (V) On the other face of the same stone. M n o e 7T M. Dr. Cichorius' suggestion that MTTOAIC stands for MtXrjroTroXis is extremely probable, but if my reading is correct, and it is confirmed by Dr. Cichorius' own reading in (b), we have to restore Me(c\.r]To)7ro\i(}, cf. MetXar»?5, Aristides, Or. xxv. p. 499 (Dindorf). (p) can scarcely mean anything but 6po<;. The initials below I would interpret as TLo(i/j,avr)vwv) and Me(i\aTa>v). Stones travel far over the plains of Mysia, as Dr. Cichorius knows. He has not identified Miletopolis with Mikhalich simply on the evidence of this inscription, but other people have done so. The identification is probable V2 272 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. enough on other grounds (although I cannot convince myself that Melde near Kirmasti is an altogether improbable site for the Milatian town), but the fact that a boundary stone, which once delimited the very wide territories of Poemanenum and Miletopolis, is found built into a mosque at Mikhalich, is obviously insufficient proof of it. Poemanenum seems to have lain far to the west. Probably Miletopolis and Poemanenum enlarged their borders at the expense of the decayed Cyzicus. Perhaps the first two lines of the inscription may be read as eVt VOTOV kwhlpov (i.e. AivBvfiov) MetX??TO7roX(?. But until the readings have been verified interpretations are premature. 14. Mikhalich : built into the wall of a mosque, high up. Fragment of marble block. Letters about 1 inch. Published, less completely, by Cichorius, Ath. Mitth. xiv. p. 248. STPATO .... INO TATPlAnAEXETElZ 0v]yarpl 8a>8e[K]eTei .niMHIENE£TEPHN VPOENOEEYTENE ir\apdho<; eiyevi[Tr)<; O0PAMETAY0I fypa l*eTavdt,[<; "OMENON The verses are too fragmentary for restoration. 15. Mikhalich: in the pavement in front of the door of the Garibche mosque. Fragment of stone block, broken to left. Large letters. C A K A I M I r i NOTd . . .. [ & TO A M H £ ToXfirj 16. Mikhalich: in the same place as the preceding. Similar stone. Similar letters. XIAIEKAHMATI INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 273 erepov .... ecrrai r[a> Trjs TV/j./3a>pv- 17. Yenije Keui, between Mikhalich and Panderma: in the pavement in front of a house. Fragment of a marble sepulchral relief of the Funeral Feast type. Letters (below the relief) about \ inch, almost effaced. MENEKPA llEPMO MeveKpd[re]i' Ep/j,o[rlfiov 18. Omar Keui, on the verge of the plateau above Panderma: in the cemetery above the village. Milestone of coarse marble, much weathered. DDNN DDNN CONSTANT LVALENT/NANVS VlCTOai ETFLVALENS V/CTORES 5IMPEIAVGG ETFLCONS JV| j-| CONSTANTIOET CONSTANT^ 6 ETNOBILL OB IN C02 TAN Ni H VIII There seems to have been a third inscription on the same stone, but only faint traces of it remain. We made out an isolated CAES, but nothing more, by the light we had. The inscriptions are probably to be restored as :— (1) D(ominis) n(ostris) (3) D(ominis) n(ostris) Fl.] Constantino F]l. Valentin[i]anus victori [ac et Fl. Valens [triumfatori] s[e]mpe[r] Aug. = victores s[e]mpe[r] Augg. et Fl. Cons[tantino et M. rj. Fl.] Constantio et Fl.] Constanti n[o]b[b. ac (2) et nobil. [Caes.] rl]o[re]n[tiss. Caes(aribus) Co[n]stan[tio Mi. v- VIII. I suppose that the fourth line of (1) has been worked into (3) with the substitution of victores for triumfatori, and take (2) to be a later addition to (1) with reference to Constantius Gallus. 274 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. The caput viae must be Cyzicus, which is quite ten miles from Omar Keui, so the stone has been carried.' The stone probably belongs to the road from Cyzicus to Pergamum via the Macestus valley and Hadrianutherae. Other milestones probably to be referred to this same road have been found at Debleki, some miles to the south of Omar Keui, and at Chamandra, on the left bank of the Macestus, three hours above Mikhalich, C.I.L. iii. 7179-80 and 463-5. 19. Aksakal, about fifteen miles from Panderma on the Susurlu road : in the fountain. Marble block, 1 foot 10 inches x 2 feet 2 inches. The inscription is over a much damaged relief, in which there is a serpent coiled about a tree. Letters § inch. There was more both before and after these lines, but illegible. KAIZYIEnTTAPOAEITAXAPOISOTITOYTO TOKOINONEITTASEMOIXAIPEINENEKEN EYZEBIH5" KOI av [ 20. Panderma: outside the Church of the Trinity. Marble relief, bust of a lady, with inscription below. YTTOMNHMA "T7TIMIA • AYPHAIA • W te]TTTifj.la, Aiprj\ia 'O- ZAIMH-MAPKOC-OYAHI -fteXi/irj Map/cos Ova[\epi- TPO 21. Panderma: in a wall outside the Church of the Trinity. Small marble sepulchral relief of the funeral feast type, broken to left. OYTOYrAYKHNOirYNH XAIPE . . ?]ou TOV T\VK(OVO<; I give Mr. Anderson's copy, which seems to be more complete than my own. 22. Panderma: in a wall outside the Church of the Trinity. Small marble sepulchral relief, broken above, with two panels: (a) upper panel, INSCRIPTIONS PROM MYSIA. 275 funeral feast; (V) lower panel, man riding, followed by a boy who holds the horse's tail. Letters 1 inch. XAIPE 6 Belva Aiovv] 23. Hammamli Keui, above Cyzicus : in the steps at the door of the mosque. Marble base. Letters 1J inch* EY 24. Edinjik : in a yard, Bound marble cippus. Letters 1\ to 1 inch. YPOMNHMA 'T-Trofivrjfta. NYN^EP^TOIOKAINEIKANAP Nw^epwTo? 6 /cat Neo/cdvwp NEIKOPOAEI "HIAEIKHIAIAPEni Net/cowoXetTi;? v6t«jy[o-]as "Apews ^EI KAZ-I'E fi AEAHOKEIMAITPO vel/cas i'e uSe a IYNBIOEEKTaNIAiaiNM€IAIXAP 5 avvfrcos etc T&V Ihltov TIEAANAAIKHIHTONBAMON T« S> &v aSi/cyey rov XAIPE"ETTAPOAEITAI 25. Edinjik: an inscription published C.I.G. ii. 3678; by Hamilton, Researches, vol. ii. No. 306; and best by Lolling, Ath. Mitt. ix. p. 19. The marble block on which it is written has been bored through, and now forms the mouthpiece of a well. Lolling's interpretation runs:— 7ro\]\a/a9 [re reifirjOels Trp"\o^\\i]6evra>v re My copy, which shows rather more than Lolling's, confirms his interpre- tation in all but two points. (1) I doubt whether there is room for the TG in the first line, and suspect that it may have crept in from the second. (2) I read the end of the first line as Y . OB A, which is inconsistent with Lolling's restoration. Considerations of space are also against it. Hamilton read the last letter as A. I would suggest [reifirjOeh] v[-7r]b /8[a ENIAZIAAI PPOYSTPATH ASTHSEIS 30. Kestelek: in the yard of a house. Marble stele broken below. The inscription is between two reliefs; the upper is a funeral feast of man and wife carved in a square panel surmounted by a gable, in which is an altar, and flanked by fluted Ionic columns; the lower, under a round arch, is broken away, but traces of two heads remain. On the top of the arch is a small male figure carrying a big goblet, at each side is a small female figure. These figures interrupt the inscription, which is irregularly engraved over an earlier epitaph imperfectly erased. The upper panel measures 1 foot 5 inches high, and 1 foot 7 inches broad including the columns. Letters 1 inch. AAAAOYrATHP OTAKlAIOZ Elder AZKAA ANHP Younger Girl. Boy. AAAAZ Girl. AEKMOZ TNAIZ The names seem to refer to the figures. Ad\a is the wife at the foot of the couch, 'OraiciXios avr\p AaXas her husband reclining, dvyaTqp "Aa/cXa INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 279 seems to be the left hand figure over the arch, Tval? the right hand figure, and Ae'«/4o? the boy with the goblet. 31. Narlinar: beside a fountain in the village. Fragment of marble block with moulding above, broken on both sides and below. Letters 1 inch. Y TT A T P I A I T# eavro]y OIEKE*PO I TW£- I 0 fAIBAIOH Y- EZO/ IKAIEMO IETIAA 'I H M E P IEMTTI \ P H KI AUK i <~> 32. Beyje: in the pavement of the main street. Marble slab, broken above and to right. Letters about 1 inch. MM I • T w £ A v 1 TO3 iavT[f)<; M A K PO 8 I W 0¥ Maicpofiiqi ... TI-INXAPiNGXOMEN rrjv MNHMHCXAPIN WW XdPlv- 33. Tavshanli: in the Armenian cemetery. Marble sepulchral stele of the door type. The door is between fluted pilasters surmounted by an arch and gable. In the tympanum of the arch is an eagle, in the gable above, a floral pattern. The door has six panels. In the left uppermost panel is a tablet, in the right a wreath and a keyhole; the middle panels are filled with a geometrical design, a circle in a lozenge; the bottom panels represent gratings. The inscription runs round the face of the arch. Letters f inch. AAMOZENOSnAIAEYTHIEAYTniZHN eavr&c £&v. The writing tablet doubtless refers^to Damoxenus' profession. The prevalence of the door type of tombstones on the upper Rhyndacus 280 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. and its rarity to the west of this region indicate a difference in beliefs about the dead, and this difference of belief probably indicates a difference in population. The dividing line is marked by the rock Tomb at Delikli Tash about two hours west of Tavshanli, the westernmost of the great Phrygian tombs. And the Delikli Tash tomb is itself a testimony to the antiquity of the type in the locality. The plains of the upper Rhyndacus belong geographically to the Phrygian country to the east. They are cut off from the Mysian country to the west by the rugged district enclosed between the Rhyndacus and the Macestus. The great number of tombstones of this type at Tavshanli and Moimul naturally leads one to suspect the neighbourhood of some important ancient city, but I am not convinced that the stones may not have been brought from Aezani, where the same type prevails. 34. Tavshanli: in the Armenian cemetery. Pillar of coarse marble. In the top, which is cut square, is an arched niche with fluted pilasters, containing a relief of a male figure standing en face, with long hair, and a staff in his left hand. The first inscription is poorly cut below the niche. Beneath it is an ornate capital of late type, and on the shaft below is the second inscription. Letters f inch and 1 inch respectively, (a) is broken to right, (6) to left. (a) YTT€PTHr OYKVri 'T-rrep TJ}|> T]OV icv[ptov ? . CtlTHPIACAOYKJrtV o-wr^'a? Aov/ctov [. . . AlOYFTAPMAAXPHCTOl -Biov YlapSaXa KAITOY A»..CAN£CTHC£N\ Ka\ avi HN0T6N0YC ••• Z]r)voyevov<; NOYC • • • y]evov<; 35. Tavshanli: built into a fountain in the bazaar. Marble tombstone of the door type, with the inscription on one of the panels. Letters about 1 inch. E B £ P M H A P T E M "E(rov?) 0%'p' /J,r)(vb<;) 'Apre/i- EICIOYZK.ACKAHHIA -eiaiov £V. 'Ao-KXirmd- AHCKAITIMOOEOCKAI -&?? ical Ti/iodeo's teal AEKMIOCAIOCJMNTOCKA Ae«[V]o? Ato^aj/ro? «a- lEYNOICTATiriMHTP -I Erooi? Taria MvjTp- OAilPOYMNHC -ohwpov ENEKEN eveicev. INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 981 The stone-cutter has shifted the circumflexes over the numerals, one letter to the left, transposed ifi in Ae/et^o?, and omitted /u,rj in (iptf/ir)?. Assuming that the Sullan era is used, and that the mouth Artemisios corresponds to February (see Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, vol. i. p. 204), the date is Feb. 27th, A.D. 78. 36. Tavshanli. Marble stele of the door type, now converted into a fountain. Inscription round the arch. Letters 1 inch. nPeiMOCKAITATeiGiNNfHTPO Tipelfio 37. Tavshanli: built into a fountain in the bazaar. Marble architrave or lintel, broken at both ends. Letters about 2 inches. " teal yeveT7]p[i K]CU vlel. Probably Christian. 38. Moimul. Stele of the door type, with double gable. Published by Perrot, La Galatie, etc., No. 68. Left arch. MI0PHCTATI tOTYNAlKlCtOIA Right arch. MNHMHCX APINKAI6IAIOYOJ Taria> yvvai/cl 2o>/a Perrot has TATNO for TATICO, COIA for COJIA,and | CO for YU). 39. Emed: in the east cemetery above the town. Square limestone block, a little chipped at both sides near the top. Letters about 1 inch Beneath the inscription is a wreath. M]6f o? Kk Mo -KLO\VLKV TAYKYTATH ' yXv/cvraTt. 40. Emed: in the east cemetery. Square limestone base. Letters rather over 1 inch. ¥TTEP[ITOMA XO¥E¥XHN 282 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. Beneath the inscription is a much damaged relief of a female figure en face holding a long torch in each hand, a familiar type of Hecate or Artemis! It appears from the following inscription that vows were paid at Emed to a deity whose name begins with A- Combining the two pieces of evidence we may infer that the dedications are to Artemis. Doubtless the names of the deity and the dedicator appeared elsewhere on this monument. The inscription evidently records a medicinal cure. Now at the lower end of the town of Emed there is a copious hot spring of very high tempera- ture, slightly impregnated with sulphur. It is natural to suppose that the cure was effected by the medicinal properties of this spring, which must therefore have been sacred to Artemis. An exact parallel is to be found in the hot springs on the Aesepus, to which the orator Aristides resorts in a similar case. These springs were sacred to Artemis Thermaea, and Mr. W. M. Ramsay has very plausibly conjectured that the place at which they were situated is to be identified with the Artemea of Hierocles. See Aristides. H.L. iv., Dind. vol. i. p. 503, and Ramsay, Hist. Geogr. p. 154. 41. Emed: in the east cemetery. Square block of coarse marble, broken at the upper corners. III Illl lO (b A N Hill 11 III 'Apurr]o4>dvr,[i «e Ar,- IIIIH T P10 C A //////// -p¥iTpio Compare the preceding inscription. 42. Emed : in the east cemetery. Square block of coarse marble. Beneath is a mutilated something in relief. Letters 1 inch. AAMACKTASIA Aa/*a? ice TaOia- N H C Y£ 163 TPO (p I -v^ veteS Tpo The ? added to Tadiavrj seems to be a mistake of the stonecutter. 43. Emed : in the east cemetery. Limestone stele of the door type, inscribed round the arch. Letters 1| inch and f inch. AU)CIMO[IK-TPO ice Tp6 MNHMHCXAPIN 45. Emed: in the east cemetery. Square block of coarse marble. Letters 1 inch. ArroAAu 'ATTOXXW- N \tk\M^» H6N€ Meve MAX W r TTATPIK 5 irmpl fi- WHMHC XAPfN X^pvv. : in the east cemetery. Square block. Leti T6KNATTATPI Tewa irarpl KAiee^TIMHN Kal 0ea> Tifiriv 47. Near a hot spring with baths not far from Yenije keui, south-west of Emed. Limestone stele of the door type, broken above. The inscription runs round the arch, and in the tympanum are carved a basket, a mirror, and a comb. Letters 1 inch, rudely cut. Left of the arch. Might of the arch. ITAAIKOCMH , /^HCXAPIN Mi? 48. Assarlar: built into the side of a fountain. Letters 1 inch. \¥STIAWK¥NTIAN- K.vvTiav[pv ¥nEPTEKENCANE6H(E virep re/ceas dvedrj/ce ""AEKATAKAIMANITON r]a 'E/caTa Kal Mavl rbv ,'IEATWnAlANOII v\lea T<£ This inscription is an important addition to our scanty knowledge of the religious beliefs of North Phrygia. M. Paul Perdrizet in a recent article on Men (Bull. corr. hell, xx., 1896, pp. 55-106), can only quote one little dedica- tion to Men (Mrjvl eu^V) from North Phrygia. He gives, however, an excellent photographic reproduction of the well known relief in the Imperial 284 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. Museum at Constantinople, which is almost certainly to be referred to this same district. It bears the inscription "Airtyiov rov iavTr)*; crvvfiiov Tdeiov Kareeiepaxrev ^(orijprj 'ft/cary K.TX, and on it Men is represented standing side by side with the triple Hecate. This relief and inscription together form a useful commentary on our text. A still closer parallel for the con- secration of the child to Hecate is furnished by an inscription of Cotiaium (C.I.G, 3827 q, Le Bas and Waddington 805) tcoreipr;^] 'E/cdTV [Tp6^>c]fio 49. Assarlar. Gable of a stele of the door type. The inscription runs round the arch as usual. It is broken at both ends. In the field of the gable is carved a pair of dolphins. CHCTVAAIOCCY////////D(j)nMNHy ' X////VPIN Ti/XXto? 50. Assarlar: near the mosque. Square limestone stele, with vine branches carved in the side panels. Published in Le Bas and Waddington, vol. iii. No. 1012. The number of the date as published is CNI~, but Waddington notes that Le Bas's manuscript has CNF. My copy has CNE. There are two more lines after ' III/IIHN %«»• 51. Near the north-east shore of the lake of Simav: in a fountain by the wayside. Limestone stele of the door type. In the panels, besides a mirror and other objects, there is a little stele carved, which bears inscription (b). Letters 1| inch. (a) YMFTIANOCAAEZANAPWAAE KCABEINIANHENATPIMNEIACXAPIN ? 'A\e!;dv8p (b) KMAPKl iceMapKi- ANWA -flw«3 a- AEA SeX- 52. Near the north-east shore of the lake of Simav : in a fountain by the wayside. Limestone stele of the door type, with two doors under two wreaths, and in the tympanum a basket. Letters about 1 inch. ASKAHHEIAAHCrYNEKEIMNH MHZXAPIN 'AaKXr)'7reidBrj 53. Saujilar: in the north wall of the old mosque to the east of the village. Marble stele with gabled top and pilasters, between which is a garland. Letters about f inch. ETOYZPMRMnANHMOYAIOIZYNHGEIS qblAOIETIMHSANAIOTENH HI//-Y4>OY ?) Uavrf/iov 8V, ol < ercfirjaav Aioyev?) . ..V(f>OV. There are traces of a small H over the M of n-qvos. Assuming the use of the Sullan era the date will be A.D. 58. 54. Saujilar: in a hedge on the south side of the village. Limestone stele, square, with acroteria. Letters about 1£ inches. AYPIEPOKAHC-T- Avp. 'lepoKXiji y BACCIANOCTil rAYKYTATnTTATPI yXvKvrdrm warpl A V PIE PO K A EI € "fa A P Afy. 'lepoxXel [/9'] TW dp- XIATPfilCYNKAITH 5 -x^rpm a-vv KOX rfj AAEACpHAYPBACCH a&eXff} Avp. Bd 55. Saujilar: in the wall of the cemetery. Limestone stele. Letters about 1 inch, rudely inscribed. 6TOCTNZH VETO[V]? TV£' fi HN0CAPT6 b<; 'Apre- -fieiai]ov [ ]K', . . /VAAIAYPHCYN£C IC . Avpr]. Svvecri? APKAPT6PI wCAlACf B!.w /^\ 'Wflcfli n. ii N Assuming the Sullan era the date would be the spring of A.D. 273. 56. Saujilar : in the wall of the cemetery. Marble stele with pediment. Letters 1J inches. AAEZANAPAAAE 'A\e!-dvSpa'A\e- ZANAP53T7ATPI -gdvSpm -jrarpl NNEIAN fiveiav. 57. Saujilar: in the wall of the cemetery. Square limestone stele, broken below and on both sides. Letters \\ inches. f A T E' K RJ A ^ A © £!> i^l ITT A T P ~6a)m x 2 288 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 58. Baddelu, west of the lake of Simav: in the wall of a house. Small marble stele with gabled top. Letters 1 inch. AMMOZ0ENHZ SYNMHTPAAAEA aiip Mr)rpa dSeX- 'A/ifita firjrpt. 59. Baddelu: in the wall of a house. Marble stele with gabled top. Below the inscription are carved a basket, a mirror, a vine, and a pruning • hook. Letters 1 inch. The first line is on the lintel above the panel. 1/1/AZlAN6AU)Ae Mjatfa via w KAAAKEIMAIEYI^ icaSd/cei/iai [ 60. Assar keui, south-west of the lake of Simav: built into the corner of a house. Marble block with moulding to right. Possibly incomplete above. Letters about 1 inch, but irregular. _AHM£N$E k,]\r]fievoi<; i ENA0ANAT OICKATAKE -ot9 Kardtee- ITAITOYTO -nai. TOVTW 5 Bwpov eSa>K- H^EINTHF -TjOelv rfj 1- AYT^YTTA -avrov Tra- TPIAJ -rpihi. An interesting Christian inscription. One would like to know in what ways this ' gift of helpfulness' was exercised : probably Deo dante dedit. 61. Assar keui: in a wall. The top of a gabled stele. Letters 1| inch. AHMOZ0ENHSKAEOMAXC//// 62. Yemishli: in the wall of the roadside cemetery. Marble stele with gable. Letters about f inch, much worn, INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 289 ////////TeiACAro//ATTATPI JUN6IACXAPIN . . . reia ['Tj&ayopa irarpl fiveias d 63. Yemishli: in the wall of the roadside cemetery. Gabled marble stele on which are carved a comb, a wreath, and a mirror. EPMH2XY "E/a/M?? yv[vaiicl Hlllllllllll 64. Tash keui, about midway between Simav and Balat: in a field half a mile below the village to the south-west. Square marble base with moulding above and below. The inscription is framed in a panel of incised lines. Letters £ inch. AIinANAHMfi. Ail HavSijfiqy EYXHNAAMAC evjfrjv Aafias AirnALYNAK 'Ainra ai)v 'Aytt- MmTHTYNAi -fi! The title TIdvStjfios is given to Zeus elsewhere, e.g. at Synnada (Head, Hist. Num. p. 569). It doubtless expresses in each case the religious aspect of the political unity of the community. Now Tash keui obviously lies in the district of Abrettene (Strabo, 574, 576). We may therefore identify this Zeus Pandemos with the Zeus Abrettenos to whom the robber chieftain Cleon was priest in the time of Strabo. It is possible that Tash keui was a main centre of his worship, for there are traces of a considerable sanctuary in the field in which the stone lies, down in the river valley below the village. 65. Tash keui: in the same field. Marble base, 2 feet square. Letters 1£ inch. OAVMniOAIi AAEEANA|*O¥ -pwi 290 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 66. Russiler: in the street, near the west end of the village. Square marble stele, broken to right. Letters 1£ inch. EAniCEICTl// "EX7T19 Et' 68. Balat: in the court of the priest's house, opposite to the Church of S. Demetrius. Square limestone base. Letters \\ inch. M-AYPHAIQKPITQ M. AvprfKlu, Kpkco- NITQArA©QKAI -vi Tfi5 ayaOqi icai AEYNKPITQQPE yANTlOIATTEAEv -yjravn oi aT ©EPOlAYPHAIOIfl -depoi Kvprfkiov $t- AHMQNKAIFTPASI /cat Ilpa^i- AIZeNTI INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYSIA. 291 69. Kebsml: outside the mosque, in the street. Large marble base Letters 1^ inch. MAIZHONAMEIAIKIO CKTANEMOIPHAPflKAY NGAAAMnNTENOEC AOYXOClOICIAYrfEX ONAirtlNnAIAE"EPO WEAAOPOICEIAE0E BIONflTTAPOAFITAI* t*€l\MOI"EXI\HAAOZO OCOYIMOMANtlAIACE lAEGEOYCANEAYCAK vlAGANATOICK^TIMI OCCOYCrAP4>IAEOYC NEOION-CKOYEINAT1AI TEC fi altyjbv a/i€t\t«[T]o? /crave dp\r\t, «\U[T]«I> Ha(f>ir)(; dyfrd/j.ev[o]v 0a\dfia>v rrev6eo~[i\ 8' ov% oaioicn Xiirelv TratB' erepop Et 8e ^e[X.]6f? yvcovat TOV eiMo[v\ fiiov, & 7rapo5eiTa, ?iv /J,ev fj.01 re^vr) \ao^6o Hamilton's copy, from which this inscription has been published (Researches, vol. ii. No. 325, and Le Bas and Waddington, vol. iii. No. 1771 B.), is imperfect, but it was the stonecutter, not Hamilton (as Waddington naturally assumed), who omitted a line. All that survives of this lost line is AYTPEXON. The beginning of the first line may have been on another stone placed on the top of this one. The inscription on the side of the same stone is fairly well rendered by Hamilton, and Le Bas and Waddington. My copy has the following variants. In line 2, APTIMEIC<^;in line 4, add E at the beginning, and Y in eavroi[<;; in line 5,read x^Peiv f°r X^Plv' in ^ne ®» ac^ E at the beginning; in line 10, read IC for E . C, t? for els. The last line of our inscription is a familiar Greek sentiment, perhaps best known in the form'xOi> yap deol cfrikovo-iv diroOvrjcricei veos. 292 INSCRIPTIONS FROM MYS1A. 70. Kebsud: built into the west wall of the mosque, rather high up. Whitewashed stone. The right edge covered by the roof. Letters about 2 inches. 6YAT kjvay\fj<; CtJTH P %O3T1]p[l- +OC6Vf -XO? Ei[r)- OlwCYh -6lq> a-v\y- TPOQUJ -rpocfxp TTPtoTO •7r/>«T0[K- (UM K T -a>fi[>j}r[V C YNTOIC aiiv rot? \l- AIOIC A*» -St'ot? OU[T- IVT6KN -» reWfot- CKNHA C +API 1 -S ydpifv Hamilton's copy, from which this inscription has been published in his Researches, vol. ii. No. 327, and in Le Bas and Waddington, iii. No. 1772, appears to have been defective in several points, but supplies many of the letters missing at the ends of the lines. 71. Balukiser: in the abutment of a bridge on the Susurlu road about five miles out of Balukiser, not far from the village of Eshibaji. Blue marble block, 1 foot 8 inches long, broken to right. Letters lj inch, well cut but waterworn. TIKAA //////////// Tt. K\[avBiay KAAVAIO//MZNANAPOV K\avBio[v] MevdvBpov [vim KAAVAIOCAO/V\ITIOr//////S KkavSuv} Ao/itno? . . . . ANZtlHTHNZZZAPANZK avefia rrjv e[%\®pav eic [TCOV IAIX2NZTT0IHCZN *&W i Z is used for E throughout. Z for Z in igeSpav is a mistake of the stone-cutter's. This inscription and the next, which also refers to an architec- tural work, are probably derived from the site of Hadrianutherae, which ought to lie somewhere in the great plain of Balukiser. 72. Balukiser: built into a mill close by the same bridge. Marble architrave block, 7 feet long, 1 foot 2 inches broad. Letters 1 inch. rAIOZKAAOYEIZIOZrAIOYYIOZOPATIAZEIA^NEKT^NIAI^NANEGHKENTOEniZTYA Tdio TAAAinNOCOeY TaWifova ®ev- AA//\OCAIIKPAM//////// -8a[[i]o<; Ad Zei"? Kpafiyjr'Tjvo^ appears in another inscription of Balia, which has been published by Kontoleon, Ath. Mitth. xiv. p. 90, by Anastasiades in the 'Ap/iovta of Smyrna, quoted Bull. corr. hell, xviii. p. 541, but most correctly by Fabricius, Sitzungsber. der Berlin. Akad., 1894, p. 903. I copied the inscription also, and can confirm the reading KPAM^HNfl, which Fabricius rejected for KPAMYHNfl. My copy is supported by Prof. Anderson's, and as we had the stone specially cleaned, we are not likely to have made a mistake. It may be added here that I read the first letter of the second line as E not Z, and made out the M of AeKfiov, and the AS of 74. Yenije, on a western affluent of the Aesepus, north of Assar kale: in a garden. Marble slab, with gable top and reliefs of sacrificial scenes above the inscription, 4 feet 2 inches high, 1 foot 5 inches broad. Letters 1 inch. Copied in failing light. /7//ZKAIAIOIATIAIOSIEPEY//// ///////////WEYXANSTH/////////////// . . . s KatXto? 'ATI'XIO? lepev[s .... w ev%[i)v] av\e]cyjrj[aev .... J. ARTHUR E. MUNRO.Macedonia (Plutarch, Brut. 24, els Ma/ceSoviav ewe^ep 'Hpoo-rparov oliceiov- /jLevos Tov? eVt T&V i/cei arpaTOTreBcov), and the inscription may date from the spring of 42 B.C. when Brutus was in Asia organizing the province in his interest and equipping a fleet at Cyzicus, (ib. 28). I have elsewhere given reasons for rejecting the idea that Poemanenum was at Eski Manias, and for believing that the inscribed stones there have been brought from Cyzicus. The mention in an inscription which is evidently of pre-Augustan date of a crvviSpiov representing the communities and associations in Asia is of some interest as bearing on the origins of the KOIVOV T?)? 'Ao-las. In the somewhat vague and loose expressions Trepl rov KOIVOV avvcf>4povTo<; TTJV elo-evr)vey/j,evov o-vovBrjv and iroWa Kal fieyaKa TrepnroitfcravTa rots rov crvveBpiov irpdyfiacnv, there is nothing to invalidate the view so lucidly set forth by Dr. Brandis in the new edition of Pauly's Real-encydopadie, pp. 1556-7, that, before Augustus, meetings of representatives of the whole pro- vince were merely occasional, to transact a particular piece of business which happened to turn up and seemed to require common action. Yet to my mind the set formulae of the heading (which recur in other inscriptions), the TroXka Kal fieydXa ascribed to Herostratus, the comprehensive rot? KOIVOZS trpwyfiacriv, and the familiar reference to TO o-vveSpiov, suggest that the sessions of the assembly were no longer extraordinary, but habitual, if not regular, and its business was already enlarged beyond special occasions to current affairs of general interest. On other points it is enough to refer to the comments of M. Dorigny and Dr. Mordtmann, and to the parallels quoted by Dr. Brandis. 28. Kassaba Kirmasti. An inscription published in Le Bas and Waddington No. 1764 a, by Perrot, La Galatie No. 63, and by Cichorius, Ath. Mitth. XIV. p. 251. v oi yovaiels 'A\eljdv$pq> T€KV(p KaraOvfilqi fj,vijfJ,r]<; %a/w (leaf) 09 hv TTJV (TTij'Krjv a(f>avlr] A7]fj,otT&evr] rov eavrcov vlbv Tei\^firf\6ivTa VTTO ^,o)reiprj<; 'E«aTi;? /careiepcocrav. "2,a>Teipa is at once the Goddess of birth and of death. She appears also as Hecate triformis on coins of Apamea (Head, Hist. Num. p. 558). Men is often found associated with a Goddess, especially with Artemis Anaitis. They are one of the numerous pairs, Goddess and God, so common in Asia Minor. Their names vary, even in the same place, but their persona- lities remain fundamentally the same. It is likely enough that the Hecate of our inscription is one with the Goddess at Emed on the other side of the valley, to whom we saw reason for giving the name of Artemis, and perhaps Men is not to be distinguished from Apollo whose festival in the grove is mentioned in another inscription, of public and official character, at Assarlar (C.I.G. 3847 b, Le Bas and Waddington 1011). It may be noted that the coin-types of Tiberiopolis usually refer to the worship of Artemis (Head, Hist. Num. p. 570). The relation between the God and the Goddess is variously, but in- differently, conceived, now as male and female, for the words husband and wife, father and daughter, cannot be appropriately applied, now as mother and son. How was it conceived at Assarlar ? Kamsay has very plausibly placed Tiberiopolis at or near Assarlar (Hist. Geogr. pp. 146-7), and has brought into connection with this identification the inscription, now at Egriguz a little down the river, in which mention is made of the 6fiof3a>fj,ioi Oeol "Zeftacrroi. The imperial mother and son, Livia and Tiberius, took the place, Ramsay argues, of the divine mother and son. (See C.I.G. 3847 m, Le Bas and Waddington 1021, and compare several inscriptions of Aezani.) This conjec- ture is confirmed by our inscription. Hecate is probably regarded as the mother of Men, for express mention is made of his father Paean. The words TOO TLaiavos come in rather awkwardly at the end. They seem to be an afterthought, added perhaps by a different hand, for the straight-barred A is here changed for A. We may compare the way in which Hevvei "2,or)vG>v is added at the end .of an inscription of Altyntash (C.I.G. 3857 1, cp. Ramsay, Hist. Geogr., pp. 144-5). The form of appellation MTJV o Tlaiavos is, to say the least of it, rarely applied to deities. Is it intended to distinguish this Men from others ? or to justify his invocation in childbirth as the son of the Deliverer ? I can find no other reference to the parentage of Men, although Manes, whom Ramsay (rightly, I believe) regards as the original Men, was the father of Acmon and Doias, the eponyms of Acmonia and Doiantos Pedion (Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, vol. ii. pp. 625-6, with the references there given). Paean is no doubt, as Mr. Ramsay INSCRIPTIONS PROM MYSIA. 285 first suggested to me, a Hellenizing name for the native Sabazios. He was doubtless also known as Asclepios, who appears on the coins. Asclepios Soter and Hecate or Artemis Soteira would be the God and the Goddess, Men the Son, who is not ultimately distinct from his father. The nomenclature of the district is mostly derived from Asclepios, Meter, Artemis, Men, and Apollo. On the whole subject of the religious conceptions prevalent in Asia Minor see especially Ramsay's Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia. I have followed Ramsay with confidence rather than Roscher or Perdrizet, whose traditional methods seem to me wholly inapplicable to Anatolian mythology, whereas what small experience I possess entirely supports Ramsay's principles of interpretation.