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JCAS Volume 10 Issue 4 2012 ISSN: 1948-352X Volume 10 Issue 4 2012 Journal for Critical Animal Studies Volume 10 Issue 4 2012 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2012 (ISSN1948-352X) JCAS EDITORIAL BOARD ISSUE EDITORS Dr. Richard Twine [email protected] Vasile Stanescu [email protected] EDITORIAL COLLECTIVE (FINAL ISSUE WITH THIS LINE UP) Dr. Matthew Cole [email protected] Vasile Stanescu [email protected] Dr. Susan Thomas [email protected] Dr. Richard Twine [email protected] Dr. Richard J White [email protected] REVIEW EDITORS Dr. Carol Glasser [email protected] Adam Weitzenfeld [email protected] EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD For more information about the new 2013 JCAS Editorial Board, and a list of the members of the Editorial Advisory Board, please visit the Journal for Critical Animal Studies website: http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/students-for-cas/journal-for-critical-animal- studies/editorial-team/ 1 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2012 (ISSN1948-352X) JCAS Volume 10 - Issue 4 – 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Guest Editorial …………………………………………………………………………… 4-19 ESSAYS Domestic Scenes and Species Trouble - On Judith Butler and Other Animals Richard Iveson ………………………………………………………………………… 20-40 In Vitro Meat: Power, Authenticity and Vegetarianism John Miller ……………………………………………………………………………. 41-63 The Animal in the Age of its Technological Reducibility Tim Terhaar …………………………………………………………………………… 64-77 The Contested Meaning and Place of Feral Cats in the Workplace Carol Thompson ……………………..…………………………………………...… 78-108 Ecological Biopower, Environmental Violence Against Animals, and the ―Greening‖ of the Factory Farm Jonathan L. Clark ……………………..…………………………………………...…. 109-129 Abnormal Appetites: Foucault, Atwood, and the Normalization of an Animal-Based Diet Chlöe Taylor …………………………..……………………………………………... 130-148 BOOK REVIEWS Creaturely Poetics: Animality and Vulnerability in Literature and Film (Anat Pick) Lindgren Johnson …………………………………………………………………... 149-156 Animal Ethics in Context (Clare Palmer) Chlöe Taylor ……………………………………………………………………...… 157-168 CIFERAE: A Bestiary in Five Fingers (Tom Tyler) Rodolfo Piskorski ……………………………………………………………...…… 169-178 2 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2012 (ISSN1948-352X) Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights (Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka) Kurtis Boyer ……………………………………………………………………...… 179-183 Love and Liberation: An Animal Liberation Front Story (Sarat Colling and Anthony Nocella II) Nicholas Silcox ……………………………………………………………………... 184-187 Surface Encounters: Thinking with Animals and Art (Ron Broglio) Alysse Stepanian ……………………………………………………………………. 188-197 FILM REVIEWS The Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) K. Vivian Taylor ……………………………………………………………….…… 198-200 We Bought A Zoo (2011) Delphine Leardini ………………………………………………………………...… 201-206 Vegucated (2010) Corey Waters ……………………………………………………………………….. 207-214 JCAS: AUTHOR GUIDELINES ………………………………………………...… 215-216 3 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2012 (ISSN1948-352X) Issue Introduction Post-Animal Studies: The Future(s) of Critical Animal Studies Vasile Stanescu & Richard Twine (issue editors) Over the last summer, we had the honor of presenting at a symposium in Utrecht, The Netherlands entitled ―The Future of Critical Animal Studies.‖ We would humbly suggest that the same title could serve as title of this issue as a whole, as it constitutes, in a partial and incomplete manner, part of our shared answer to that collective challenge. Our fundamental question, which began even before this roundtable in the Netherlands, was ―What would a Critical Animal Studies look like that thought itself beyond the animal?‖ Let us immediately clarify the misunderstanding we can already hear coming from this question. Both of us are committed vegans and animal rights activists, and we have jointly worked (along with many others) for the last decade to create the field of Critical Animal Studies precisely to force the field of Animal Studies to confront the reality of the suffering of the actual animal herself. So, what do we mean, when we say we want to think of a critical animal studies beyond the animal? Certainly what we do not mean is that we wish to further hide the suffering of the tens of billions of animals in the abattoirs, the laboratories, the ―zoological parks,‖ or any of the multiple of arenas in which speciesism and anthropocentric privilege are daily enacted and performed. What we do mean is: How can we begin to think of a Critical Animal Studies which calls into question the division between the human (animal) and the nonhuman (animal) which, we would argue, underlies anthropocentric privilege in the first place? What would a world look like that went beyond terms such as ―animal‖ and ―human‖ to an understanding of living and grieving in a shared, and precarious, life? The first area, we discovered, would be that of performativity and normativity. Since humans are always and already animals, ritualistic scenes of violence are enacted against both literal nonhuman animals and humans rendered as only animals in order to performatively define, via the specter of violence, where the ―lines‖ between ―human‖ and ―animal‖ lie. Lines, we would suggest, that are traced in the blood of both human and 4 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2012 (ISSN1948-352X) nonhuman animal alike. Richard Iveson raises precisely this claim in the first essay of our issue entitled ―Domestic Scenes and Species Trouble - On Judith Butler and Other Animals.‖ Iveson takes seriously the claim raised (but never fully explored) by Judith Butler that since “there is no firm way to distinguish in absolute terms the bios of the animal from the bios of the human animal‖ that ―humanness is itself a regulatory norm.‖ We could not agree more. As such we see Iveson work in the same vein as scholars such as Kelly Oliver (in Animal Lessons: How They Teach Us to Be Human), Mark Roberts (in The Mark of the Beast: Animality and Human Oppression), Chloe Taylor's (in ―The Precarious Lives of Animals: Butler, Coetzee, and Animal Ethics) and James Stanescu (in ―Species Trouble: Judith Butler, Mourning, and the Precarious Lives of Animals”). All these scholars help us to chart the manner in which a performative need to create the human always and already entails a violent refusal of the animal bodies that constitute the human herself. As Iveson phrases it, in our favorite passage from his essay: [T]he production of the human is based upon the death or nonexistence of the animal – the human, in other words, begins where the animal ends. In the second, the human remains in a constant struggle with his or her own animality, which must be repeatedly overcome in being-human. Both of these determinations, it should be noted right away, thus fallaciously define the nonhuman animal only by what he or she lacks within a dialectic that therefore marks every nonhuman animal as sub-human… In opposition to the ―zero-sum‖ between the performative ―animal‖ and the performative ―human‖, Iveson helps to articulate a new vision which seeks to extend Butler-beyond- Butler in order to perceive a ―precarity and a grievability that is shared among the living in general.‖ We agree. If we can be forgiven this aside, to use language Iveson does not, we would say that we must end what Agamben refers to in The Open as the ―anthropological machine‖ which simultaneously defines the ―human‖ and the ―animal‖ while at the same time defining the excluded human and nonhuman as ―subhuman‖ or ―nonhuman.‖ In Butler‘s work we have always seen (and been called by) a play - a fluidity - in gender and sexuality, race, and nationhood that extends into any of these normative definitions of these terms (for us this has always held the greatest importance for queer studies). For us we see in Iveson‘s important and significant article the 5 Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2012 (ISSN1948-352X) articulation (which we share) that ―queer‖ studies does not need to be ―combined‖ with ―critical animal studies‖ (as though somehow they were separate in the first place), since CAS has, since it‘s inception‖ been premised on ―queerness‖ in all its possible forms including the queering of the human and animal divide. Perhaps, we believe Iveson argues, and we certainly hope, we can render the terms of ―human‖ or ―animal‖ as performative descriptions, terms that we do not even need (other than historical markers) and can begin to think beyond (if you see the traces of Matthew Calarco in the argument you are certainly correct and we greatly acknowledge the intellectual debt). Building on Iveson‗s work, we would argue, what we need now is not so much a space that is ―posthumanist‖ as one that is ―postanimalist.‖ We found another ―application‖ for this new ―postanimalist studies‖ in one of the essays from this issue, John Miller‘s article: ―In Vitro Meat: Power, Authenticity and Vegetarianism.‖ Like Miller, we too, have long been disquieted by the growing popularity of in vitro meat even among animal rights activists (such as PETA which offered a million dollar prize to help spur it‘s research). And yet, from any other traditional model of animal rights such as utilitarianism (ala Singer) or deontology (ala Regan) how can we articulate a critique of a practice which both promises not to harm any animals and, in fact, helps to mitigate the harm (via factory farms) that is already occurring? Miller‘s article is, as far
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