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Zelkova – an Ancient Tree Global Status and Conservation Action

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Zelkova – an ancient tree Global status and conservation action Gregor Kozlowski – Joachim Gratzfeld Sébastien Bétrisey – Camille Christe – Laurence Fazan – David Frey – Giuseppe Garfì Emanuel Gerber – Evelyne Kozlowski – Martina Löwy – Yamama Naciri – Hans-Rüdiger Siegel Recommended citation Kozlowski G. and Gratzfeld J. 2013. Zelkova – an ancient tree. Global status and conservation action. Natural History Museum Fribourg, Switzerland. ISBN 978-2-8399-1211-2 © 2013 NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM FRIBOURG (NHMF), DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORT OF THE STATE OF FRIBOURG, SWITZERLAND Publication supported by the Association of Friends Image credits NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM FRIBOURG (NHMF), is part of the Depart- of the Natural History Museum Fribourg eg – Emanuel Gerber ek – Evelyne Kozlowski ment of Education, Culture and Sport of the State of Fribourg (Switzer- fc – Francesco Carimi gk – Gregor Kozlowski land). Established in 1824, NHMF is one of the oldest museums in the hrs – Hans-Rüdiger Siegel jg – Joachim Gratzfeld country. Capitalising on a long history, first-rate curatorial expertise and AUTHORS lf – Laurence Fazan diverse collections, the museum is a leading institution in conservation. md – Min Deng ml – Martina Löwy Since its founding, NHMF has actively participated in many national and Gregor Kozlowski is a senior lecturer at the University of Fribourg, scientific nz – Naiqun Zhang head at the Botanic Garden of Fribourg and conservator at the Natural History sb – Sébastien Bétrisey international research and conservation programmes, especially related xy – Xunlin Yu Museum in Fribourg (Switzerland). His main research interests are yz – Yonghua Zhang to alpine and aquatic plants and, more recently, Tertiary relict flora. biogeography and conservation biology of relict and endemic species. zl – Zongcai Liu Cover photo Joachim Gratzfeld is the director of regional programmes at Botanic Gardens Zelkova abelicea, Levka Ori, Crete (jg). Conservation International (United Kingdom). His particular research interests Drawings Martina Löwy, Wädenswil, Switzerland. include conservation strategies in the context of rapid global change and the Design resulting management challenges for biodiversity conservation. NG Tornay, Fribourg, Switzerland. BOTANIC GARDEN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FRIBOURG (BGF), Switzer- For further information, please contact: land, is a main centre for the scientific study of Tertiary relict trees. BGF CONTRIBUTORS Natural History Museum Fribourg also leads a number of basic and applied national and international (NHMF) Sébastien Bétrisey is a biologist working on the biogeography and conservation Chemin du Musée 6 research projects on conservation biology, biogeography of aquatic and of Tertiary relict trees at the Natural History Museum and the Botanic Garden 1700 Fribourg alpine plants and urban ecology. BGF is the initiator of the global Project of the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). Switzerland Tel +41 (0) 26 305 89 00 Zelkova. Fax +41 (0) 26 305 89 30 Camille Christe is a biologist in the Department of Biology at the University of [email protected] Fribourg (Switzerland) with research interests in plant phylogeography www.fr.ch/mhn and speciation. Botanic Garden of the University of Fribourg (BGF) Chemin du Musée 10 Laurence Fazan is a geographer at the University of Geneva (Switzerland) with 1700 Fribourg research interests in the dendrochronology of relict trees in the Mediterranean. Switzerland BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI), is an in- Tel +41 (0) 26 300 88 46 Fax +41 (0) 26 300 97 40 ternational nonprofit organisation linking botanic gardens and affiliated David Frey is a biologist in the Department of Biology at the University of Fri- [email protected] bourg (Switzerland) studying the conservation biology of narrow endemic taxa www.unifr.ch/jardin-botanique institutions in over 120 countries in a shared commitment to the conser- in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast of western Europe. Botanic Gardens Conservation International vation of plant diversity, sustainable use and environmental education. (BGCI) BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Giuseppe Garfì is a forest ecologist at the National Research Council (CNR), Descanso House Institute of Plant Genetics in Palermo (Sicily, Italy). He is the discoverer 199 Kew Road, Richmond Group and is a partner of the Global Trees Campaign, a joint initiative Surrey, TW9 3BW of Zelkova sicula and works on various aspects of conservation biology of woody United Kingdom among Fauna and Flora International, BGCI and a wide range of other plants in the Mediterranean. Tel +44 (0) 20 8332 5953 Fax +44 (0) 20 8332 5956 organisations to safeguard the world’s most threatened trees and their [email protected] Emanuel Gerber is the deputy director of the Natural History Museum Fribourg www.bgci.org habitats for future generations. (Switzerland). His professional interests include relict and endemic plants Conservatory and Botanic Garden of the in the Mediterranean region and plant photography. City of Geneva (CJB) Chemin de l’Impératrice 1 Evelyne Kozlowski is a photographer at the Botanic Garden of the University 1292 Chambésy-Genève Switzerland of Fribourg and is responsible for the management of the microscopy lab at the Tel +41 (0) 22 418 51 00 University of Bern (Switzerland). Fax +41 (0) 22 418 51 01 [email protected] CONSERVATORY AND BOTANIC GARDEN OF THE CITY OF GENEVA (CJB), www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/ Martina Löwy is a scientific illustrator working with the Botanic Garden of the established in 1817, is part of the Department of Culture and Sport of the University of Fribourg and the Natural History Museum Fribourg (Switzerland). City of Geneva, Switzerland. With six million specimens its herbarium The designation of geographical entities and Yamama Naciri is a molecular population geneticist who works on plant the presentation of material throughout this ranks amongst the largest in the world, and comprises many types and publication, do not imply the expression of phylogeography and speciation patterns at the Conservatory and Botanic any opinion whatsoever on the part of NHMF historical collections. Its researchers are involved in systematics and Garden of the City of Geneva. and BGCI, and the authors and contributors, taxonomy, molecular studies, conservation, cartography and floristic regarding the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, inventories, with a focus on Switzerland and the Alps, Corsica and the Hans-Rüdiger Siegel is a photographer at the Natural History Museum or concerning the delimitation of its Fribourg (Switzerland). frontiers or boundaries. Mediterranean, Africa including Madagascar and South America. 2 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Numerous experts at botanic gardens, arboreta and other affiliated institutions around the world have provided information and plant material in support of the development of this global situation analysis and action plan for the conservation of the genus Zelkova; their contributions are invaluable and gratefully acknowledged: Susanne Bollinger, Benoît Clément, Henri Castella and Françoise Cudré-Mauroux (Botanical Garden of the University of Fribourg, Switzerland); André Fasel (Natural History Museum Fribourg, Switzerland); Markus Stoffel, Estelle Arbellay and Michelle Schneuwly-Bollschweiler (Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology, Institute of Geolocal Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland); Roland Keller (Lausanne, Switzerland); Jean-Paul Deglétagne and Raymond Tripod (Swiss National Arboretum, Vallon de l’Aubonne, Switzerland); Yann Marbach (Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland); Bernhard Egli (Bioforum, Schaffhausen, Switzerland); Francesco Carimi and Salvatore Pasta (Institute of Plant Genetics of the National Research Council, Palermo, Italy); Stergios Pirintsos, Marta Bosque, Maria-Irene Adamogianni and Vaios Kalogrias (Botanic Garden and Department of Biology of the University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece); Christini Fournaraki (Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece); Stéphane Buord (Conservatoire botanique national de Brest, France); Jacqueline Michon (Botanic Garden of Lyon, France); Cédric Basset (asianflora.com); Adam Boratynski, Krystyna Boratynska, Anna Jasinska and Beata Rucinska (Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kornik, Poland); Ewa Jerzak and Justyna Wiland-Szymanska (Botanic Garden of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland); Gerald Parolly (Botanic Garden and Botanic Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany); Douglas Gibbs and Fan Huan (Botanic Gardens Conservation International, United Kingdom); Valida Ali-zade, Esmira Alirzayeva, Elmira Maharramova and Ayyub Mutallimov (Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku); Vahid Farzaliyev (Central Botanic Garden, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku); Hajiaga Safarov (Hyrcan National Park, Azerbaijan); Min Deng, Yonghong Hu and Yigang Song (Chenshan Botanical Garden and Plant Science Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China); Zhou Zhe-Kun and Yong-Jiang Huang (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming and Xishuangbanna, China); Pan Li (Firmenich Aromatics, Shanghai, China); Naiqun Zhang (Nanyang Normal University, Henan, China); Zongcai Liu (Nanyang Normal College, Henan, China); Kamata Naoto and Goto Susumu (Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, Japan); Suzuki Mitsuo and
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  • Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species

    Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species

    Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian I Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor Dr. F.T. Bakker Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Overige leden: Prof. Dr. E. Robbrecht, Universiteit van Antwerpen en Nationale Plantentuin, Meise, België Prof. Dr. E. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. L.H.W. van der Plas Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. A.M. Cleef Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.H.M.J. Lemmens Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, WUR Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit. II Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 juni 2006 des namiddags te 16.00 uur in de Aula III Sattarian, A. (2006) PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen ISBN 90-8504-445-6 Key words: Taxonomy of Celti s, morphology, micromorphology, phylogeny, molecular systematics, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae, revision of African Celtis This study was carried out at the NHN-Wageningen, Biosystematics Group, (Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen), Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. IV To my parents my wife (Forogh) and my children (Mohammad Reza, Mobina) V VI Contents ——————————— Chapter 1 - General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Evolutionary Relationships of Celtidaceae ..................................................................... 7 R. VAN VELZEN; F.T. BAKKER; A. SATTARIAN & L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN Chapter 3 - Phylogenetic Relationships of African Celtis (Celtidaceae) ........................................