Chokeholds, Relying on a Police Department Rule That Unequivocally Forbids Any Pressure to the Neck, Throat Or Windpipe That May Inhibit Breathing

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Chokeholds, Relying on a Police Department Rule That Unequivocally Forbids Any Pressure to the Neck, Throat Or Windpipe That May Inhibit Breathing A MUTATED RULE: LackLack ofof EnforcementEnforcement inin thethe FaceFace of ofPersistent Persistent Chokehold Chokehold Complaints Incidents inin NewNew YorkYork CityCity An Evaluation of Chokehold Allegations Against Members of the NYPD from January 2009 through June 2014 CIVILIAN COMPLAINT REVIEW BOARD BILL DE BLASIO Mayor RICHARD D. EMERY Chair A Mutated Rule CCRB Mission and Values The New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) is an independent agency, created by Chapter 18-A of the New York City Charter. The Board is empowered to receive, investigate, mediate, hear, make findings, and recommend action on complaints against New York City police officers alleging the use of excessive or unnecessary force, abuse of authority, discourtesy, or the use of offensive language. In fulfillment of its mission, the Board has pledged: • To report apparent patterns of misconduct, relevant issues and policy matters to the police commissioner and the public. Published 2014 by the New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board 100 Church Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10007 CCRB URL: http://www.nyc.gov/ccrb To order CCRB reports or to obtain additional information, contact General Information: Telephone: (212)912-2061 or (800)341-2272 Or visit, www.nyc.gov/ccrb i New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board – www.nyc.gov/ccrb Preface___________________________________________________ In July 2014, CCRB Board Chair Richard Emery, in the wake of the tragic death of Eric Garner and on behalf of his fellow Board members, asked the CCRB staff to undertake an objective, comprehensive assessment of chokehold complaints made to the CCRB. This study investigates chokehold complaints, primarily from January 2009 until June 2014, in order to report findings and make recommendations to the Police Commissioner and the public. After documenting and evaluating five and a half years of chokehold complaints, their patterns and the likely causes of their persistence, this report recommends ways in which the CCRB and the NYPD can collaborate to reduce chokehold incidents and eliminate future chokehold tragedies. This report is an agency report prepared by staff as directed by the Chair. ii Contents______________________________________ Preface . ii Contents . .iii Figures . iv Statistical Tables and Charts . v Executive Summary . viii Abbreviations . xv CHAPTER ONE Chokehold Incidents: Defining the Scope of the Study .. 1 Introduction . 1 Organization of this Report . 3 Purpose, Population and Methodology . .4 Policy and Legal Framework . 6 CHAPTER TWO Analysis of Chokehold Complaints . 19 Descriptive Statistics . 20 Application of the Descriptive Statistics . 45 CHAPTER THREE Police Department Discipline . .. 57 The NYPD Disciplinary System . .. .. .. .. 58 Analysis of Discipline: Four Distinct Periods . 62 CCRB Substantiated Cases and the Disciplinary Process . .. .. .. 70 Conclusion . .. .. .. 83 CHAPTER FOUR Audit of Investigative Practices . .. .. 85 Efficiency: The Time it Takes to Resolve a Chokehold Complaint . 86 Investigative Practices and Training . 89 Chokehold Incidents and the Lack of Evidence: Unsubstantiated Cases . 100 CHAPTER FIVE Policy Recommendation . .. 107 Appendix to Chapter 2 . .. .. .. 109 iii Figures____________________________________________________________ 1.1. Police Student’s Guide, “Use of Force: Scale of Escalating Force,” . 8 iv Statistical Tables and Charts_________________________________ Chart 2.1: Number of chokehold complaints received, 2001 – 2013 . 21 Chart 2.2: Number of chokehold complaints received per six-month periods, January 2009 - June 2014 . .. 22 Chart 2.3: Chokehold complaints received as a percentage of force complaints received, with a trend line added, 2001 - June 2014 . 23 Chart 2.4: Chokehold complaints received per six-month periods as a percentage of force complaints received, with a trend line added, January 2009 - June 2014 . 24 Chart 2.5: Disposition of fully investigated allegations, January 2009 - June 2014 . 26 Chart 2.6: Rates at which cases are substantiated and unsubstantiated, January 2009 - June 2014 . 27 Chart 2.7: By precinct of occurrence, precincts with 5 or fewer chokehold allegations, January 2009 - June 2014 . 29 Chart 2.8: By precinct of occurrence, precincts with 20 or more chokehold allegations, January 2009 - June 2014 . 30 Chart 2.9: Ratio of chokehold allegations to force complaints by precinct of occurrence, 1:12 or lower ratio, January 2009 -June 2014 . 31 Chart 2.10: Ratio of chokehold allegations to force complaints by precinct of occurrence, 1:20 or higher ratio, January 2009 - June 2014 . 32 Chart 2.11: Charges and summonses information, January 2009 – June 2014 . 34 Chart 2.12: Chokehold incidents and stop and frisk allegations, January 2009 – June 2014 . 35 Chart 2.13: Tenure of subject officers, January 2009 – June 2014 . 38 Table 2.14 Attribution of chokehold complaint and all complaints to Patrol Boroughs and Other Commands . 39 Table 2.15 Attribution of chokehold complaint and force complaints to Patrol Boroughs and Other Commands . 40 Chart 2.16: Number of CCRB complaints for officers with chokehold complaints, January 2009 – June 2014 . 42 Chart 2.17 Number of CCRB substantiated complaints for officers with chokehold complaints, January 2009 – June 2014 . 44 Table 2.18: History of force complaints by officers with chokehold incidents . 51 Table 2.19: History of arrest complaints by officers with chokehold incidents . 53 Table 2.20: History of proactive contact complaints by officers with chokehold incidents … ………………………………………………………………………. ………. 54 v Chart 6.1: Chokehold complaints received as a percentage of total complaints received, with a trend line added, January 2009 – June 2014 . 110 Chart 6.2: Disposition of not fully investigated allegations, January 2009 - June 2014 ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 111 Chart 6.3: Rate at which chokehold cases are fully investigated, January 2009 - June 2014 . 112 Chart 6.4: Where chokehold complaints were initially filed, January 2009 - June 2014 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… .113 Chart 6.5: Day of the week when alleged chokehold incidents occurred, January 2009 - June 2014 ……………………………………………………………. ………. 114 Chart 6.6: Month when alleged chokehold incidents occurred, January 2009 - June 2014 …………………………………………………………………. ……. 115 Chart 6.7: Time of the day when alleged chokehold incidents occurred, January 2009 - June 2014 ………………………………………………………………….……….. 116 Chart 6.8: Time of the day when alleged chokehold incidents occurred versus all incidents, January 2009 - June 2014 ……………………………. ………. 117 Chart 6.9: Location where alleged chokehold incidents occurred, January 2009 - June 2014 …………………………………………………………………. ………. 118 Chart 6.10: Borough where the alleged chokehold incidents occurred, January 2009 – June 2014 ………………………………………………………………….……… . 119 Chart 6.11: Reason listed for civilian-police contact, January 2009 – June 2014 . 120 Chart 6.12: Detailed charges and summonses information, January 2009 - June 2014 . ……… …………………………………………………………. ………. 121 Chart 6.13: Allegations of misconduct in chokehold cases, January 2009 – June 2014 (50 or more allegations) …………………………………………………. ………. 123 Chart 6.14: Allegations of misconduct in chokehold cases, January 2009 – June 2014 (49 or fewer allegations) …………………………………………………. ………. 124 Chart 6.15: Total allegations of misconduct in chokehold cases, January 2009 – June 2014 …………………………………………………. ………. 125 Chart 6.16: Number of force allegations in chokehold cases, January 2009 - June 2014 …………………………………………………. ………. 126 Chart 6.17: Gender of complainants in chokehold incidents, January 2009 - June 2014 …………………………………………………. ………. 128 Chart 6.18: Race of complainants, January 2009 - June 2014 . 129 Chart 6.19: Age of complainants, January 2009 - June 2014 . 130 Chart 6.20 Residence of complainants, by zip code, January 2009 – June 2014 (21 or more) . 132 Chart 6.21 Residence of complainants, by zip code, January 2009 – June 2014 (20 or fewer) . 133 Chart 6.22: Rank of subject officers, January 2009 – June 2014 . 135 Chart 6.23: Race of subject officers, January 2009 – June 2014 . 137 vi Chart 6.24: Gender of subject officers, January 2009 – June 2014 . 138 Chart 6.25: Age of subject officers, January 2009 – June 2014 . 139 vii Executive Summary_____________________________ For more than 20 years, the NYPD Patrol Guide has prohibited the use of chokeholds, relying on a Police Department rule that unequivocally forbids any pressure to the neck, throat or windpipe that may inhibit breathing. This rule was plainly intended to prohibit all chokeholds. As defined, chokeholds, though not illegal, are unambiguously prohibited by Department policy. This report reveals that officers have continued to perform chokeholds and, based on the complaints the CCRB received from the public, the use of chokeholds appears to be increasing despite the Patrol Guide prohibition. It also reveals that this crystal clear prohibition has been degraded over the course of the last decade. Put simply, during the last decade, the NYPD disciplinary decisions in NYPD administrative trials of chokehold allegations failed to enforce the clear mandate of the Patrol Guide chokehold rule. In response to these decisions which failed to hold offending officers accountable, the CCRB and NYPD Department Advocate’s Office failed to charge officers with chokehold violations pursuant to the mandate of the Patrol Guide chokehold rule. In essence, in their respective charging decisions, the CCRB and the Department
Recommended publications
  • Bad Cops: a Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers Author(s): James J. Fyfe ; Robert Kane Document No.: 215795 Date Received: September 2006 Award Number: 96-IJ-CX-0053 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers James J. Fyfe John Jay College of Criminal Justice and New York City Police Department Robert Kane American University Final Version Submitted to the United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice February 2005 This project was supported by Grant No. 1996-IJ-CX-0053 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of views in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sergeants As Leaders: a Case Study of Transformational Leadership Among First-Line Supervisors in the Police Department
    St. John Fisher College Fisher Digital Publications Education Doctoral Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. School of Education 8-2011 Sergeants as Leaders: A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Among First-Line Supervisors in the Police Department Betty L. Campbell St. John Fisher College Follow this and additional works at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd Part of the Education Commons How has open access to Fisher Digital Publications benefited ou?y Recommended Citation Campbell, Betty L., "Sergeants as Leaders: A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Among First-Line Supervisors in the Police Department" (2011). Education Doctoral. Paper 48. Please note that the Recommended Citation provides general citation information and may not be appropriate for your discipline. To receive help in creating a citation based on your discipline, please visit http://libguides.sjfc.edu/citations. This document is posted at https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/48 and is brought to you for free and open access by Fisher Digital Publications at St. John Fisher College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sergeants as Leaders: A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Among First-Line Supervisors in the Police Department Abstract This qualitative research examined the leadership styles and professional development practices of a police department, the reflective experiences of police sergeants as they transition from being patrol officers, and the perception of police sergeants of their career development. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following essential questions: (a) What are the self-reported and observed leadership styles and practices of police sergeants at the Echo Bay police department? (b) To what extent do police sergeants practice the tenants of transformational leadership, and (c) How do police departments develop the leadership competencies of their police sergeants.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2021
    6024 Brook Road, Richmond VA 23227 | 804-822-1451 | www.BushinMartialArts.com Gracie Combatives 23 January 2021 36 Essential Techniques Classes Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Trap and Roll Escape – Mount (GU 1) 1 Leg Hook Takedown (GU 6) Jan 3 4 5 6 - JJ 7 8 - Danielle 9 Americana Armlock – Mount (HU 2) 4:15p: Yoga 6:30p: Karate 6:00a: GC – L14 6:30p: Karate 6:00a: GC – L15 10a: Yoga 2 Clinch (Aggressive Opponent) (GU 7) 5:30p: BullyProof -Novice / Ind 5:30p: BullyProof -Novice / Ind 11:15a: GJJ RD Positional Control – Mount (GU 3) 6:30p: GC – L14 7:15p: Karate 6:30p: GC – L15 7:15p: Karate Birthday: / Tech Review 3 Body Fold Takedown (GU 14) 7:50p: Master Cycle -Ind / Adv 7:50p: Master Cycle -Ind / Adv -Brandy Take the Back + R.N.C. – Mount (GU 4&5) BS1: 30; BS2: 24 BS1: 30; BS2: 24 -Austin 4 Clinch (Conservative Opponent) (GU 15) BS3: 18 BS3: 18 Punch Block Series (1-4) – Guard (GU 8) 5 10 – Open Mirror 11 12 13 14 15 16 Guillotine Choke (Standing) (GU 23) 4:15p: Yoga 6:30p: Karate 6:00a: GC – L16 6:30p: Karate 6:00a: GC – L17 10a: Yoga Straight Armlock – Mount (GU 9) 6 Guillotine Defense (GU 32) 5:30p: BullyProof -Novice / Ind 5:30p: BullyProof -Novice / Ind 11:15a: GJJ RD Triangle Choke – Guard (GU 10) 6:30p: GC – L16 7:15p: Karate 6:30p: GC – L17 7:15p: Karate / Tech Review 7 Haymaker Punch Defense (GU 30) 7:50p: Master Cycle -Ind / Adv 7:50p: Master Cycle -Ind / Adv Elevator Sweep – Guard (GU 11) BS1: 31; BS2: 25 BS1: 27; BS2: 25 1:00p: BKD 8 Rear Takedown (GU 29) BS3: 19 BS3: 19 -Judo / Aikido Elbow Escape
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts Rebecca A
    CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts Rebecca A. Demorest, MD, FAAP, Chris Koutures, MD, FAAP, COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS The martial arts can provide children and adolescents with vigorous levels abstract of physical exercise that can improve overall physical fi tness. The various types of martial arts encompass noncontact basic forms and techniques that may have a lower relative risk of injury. Contact-based sparring with competitive training and bouts have a higher risk of injury. This clinical report describes important techniques and movement patterns in several types of martial arts and reviews frequently reported injuries encountered in each discipline, with focused discussions of higher risk activities. Some This document is copyrighted and is property of the American Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have of these higher risk activities include blows to the head and choking or fi led confl ict of interest statements with the American Academy of Pediatrics. Any confl icts have been resolved through a process submission movements that may cause concussions or signifi cant head approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of injuries. The roles of rule changes, documented benefi ts of protective Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial involvement in the development of the content of this publication. equipment, and changes in training recommendations in attempts to reduce Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefi t from injury are critically assessed. This information is intended to help pediatric expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and external health care providers counsel patients and families in encouraging safe reviewers.
    [Show full text]
  • Martial Arts from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Martial Arts (Disambiguation)
    Martial arts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Martial arts (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development. The term martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the "Science and Art" of swordplay. The term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman god of war.[1] Some martial arts are considered 'traditional' and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association. Contents [hide] • 1 Variation and scope ○ 1.1 By technical focus ○ 1.2 By application or intent • 2 History ○ 2.1 Historical martial arts ○ 2.2 Folk styles ○ 2.3 Modern history • 3 Testing and competition ○ 3.1 Light- and medium-contact ○ 3.2 Full-contact ○ 3.3 Martial Sport • 4 Health and fitness benefits • 5 Self-defense, military and law enforcement applications • 6 Martial arts industry • 7 See also ○ 7.1 Equipment • 8 References • 9 External links [edit] Variation and scope Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including: • Traditional or historical arts and contemporary styles of folk wrestling vs.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2005 Issue Master
    Visit us online at www.lacba.org March 2005 / $4 EARN MCLE CREDIT Expert Witness Designations page 28 Los Angeles lawyer David Lee Rice offers advice on protecting innocent Protecting spouses in tax controversies the Innocent page 22 PLUS ERISA and Managed Care Liability page 12 Labor Laws for Domestic Employees page 17 The Dangers of Metadata page 40 RAISE THE BAR. DISCOUNTS FOR FRIENDS OF THE COURT. Nextel has tools to help you get things done faster. In court or on the road. And now, members of the Los Angeles County Bar Association get discounts on all Nextel® phones, rate plans and accessories. International Law Only Nextel® walkie-talkies are international. With the walkie-talkie built into every Nextel phone, including the i830 and the BlackBerry 7510™, you can connect in under a second to Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Peru. And when you’re traveling in those countries, you can connect to the United States just as quickly. All for a fraction of the cost of an international cellular call. You can even access BlackBerry 7510TM your email while you’re abroad. NextMailSM Send voice attachments to up to 30 recipients anywhere in the world – instantly. Document meetings or send instructions to associates. With NextMailSM, your voice travels with the push of one button. No dialing. No typing. Dictation goes straight to their email address. Split Billing Maintain control over billing. You can split BlackBerry® email charges from cellular and walkie-talkie charges, so there are separate bills for the firm and the associate. For special discounts, call 866-805-9890 (reference MLSAB) or visit nextel.com/lacba.
    [Show full text]
  • VOL. 9 - Issue 3 2018
    VOL. 9 - ISSUE 3 2018 CONTENTS PUBLISHER Envisage Productions Enterprise Inc. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Daniel Del Valle EXECUTIVE EDITOR John Welsh MANAGING EDITOR George Beck DESIGN EDITOR Dari Izhaky ASSOCIATE EDITORS Julia Torres Joe Uliano COPY EDITOR J. Scott Wilson WRITERS 6 EDITOR’S POINT OF VIEW 40 AROUND FLORIDA Efren Almodovar Dave Littman Daniel Del Valle Sam the Man Turns Chris Amos Lance Lopez MANAGING EDITOR’S Catching Interceptions Into Caroline Angel Dan Lorenzo 8 Apprehending Criminals PERSPECTIVE George Beck Capt. Lori Mambelli (Ret.) By Julia Torres Robert (Bob) Bianchi, Esq. Jay Martinez George Beck Joseph Biasco Brian Mast SOUL-SEARCHING SHERIFF CLARKE 44 Michael Boll Sheriff Leo McGuire (Ret.) 10 Looking Inward, SPEAKS OUT Keith Bott Anthony Mikitarian What Kind of a Cop Are You? Rebecca Calhoun Eddie Molina Split-Second Decisions: By Lt. Patrick J. Ciser, C.P.D. (Ret.) Joseph Celentano Jacob Ortega Standing Strong Lt. Patrick J. Ciser (Ret.) Lt. Joseph Pangaro (Ret.) By Sheriff David A. Clarke Jr. (Ret.) SPOTLIGHT Collin Congleton Timothy Parlatore, Esq. 47 Sheriff David A. Clarke Jr. Kris “Tanto” Paronto 14 OUT-FRONT Blue Magazine Salutes Heroes Andi Daniel Del Valle William Peppard Misguided Children Stage and Ed Buerger Vincent D’Amico Gary Przewoznik Anti-Gun Rally Dr. Michael Doblin Dr. Aaron Rapps 48 OPERATION REBOUND By Bernard Kerik Bob Dvorchak Rafael Rosa Boots on the Ground, Sgt. Anthony Espino Thomas Shea 18 FEATURE STORY Come from All Walks Det. Sgt. Thomas S. Barry Sheinkopf Protesting the Real By Michael D. Boll Fano, (Ret.) PO Valerie Stetz (Ret.) Debra Ann Faretra Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • Capitol Insurrection at Center of Conservative Movement
    Capitol Insurrection At Center Of Conservative Movement: At Least 43 Governors, Senators And Members Of Congress Have Ties To Groups That Planned January 6th Rally And Riots. SUMMARY: On January 6, 2021, a rally in support of overturning the results of the 2020 presidential election “turned deadly” when thousands of people stormed the U.S. Capitol at Donald Trump’s urging. Even Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, who rarely broke with Trump, has explicitly said, “the mob was fed lies. They were provoked by the President and other powerful people.” These “other powerful people” include a vast array of conservative officials and Trump allies who perpetuated false claims of fraud in the 2020 election after enjoying critical support from the groups that fueled the Capitol riot. In fact, at least 43 current Governors or elected federal office holders have direct ties to the groups that helped plan the January 6th rally, along with at least 15 members of Donald Trump’s former administration. The links that these Trump-allied officials have to these groups are: Turning Point Action, an arm of right-wing Turning Point USA, claimed to send “80+ buses full of patriots” to the rally that led to the Capitol riot, claiming the event would be one of the most “consequential” in U.S. history. • The group spent over $1.5 million supporting Trump and his Georgia senate allies who claimed the election was fraudulent and supported efforts to overturn it. • The organization hosted Trump at an event where he claimed Democrats were trying to “rig the election,” which he said would be “the most corrupt election in the history of our country.” • At a Turning Point USA event, Rep.
    [Show full text]
  • NYSRPA Testimony to New York City Council 11/15/2004
    Testimony New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. Testimony Barry Cohen, Director – Public Relations, NYSRPA Patrick W. Brophy, Esq., General Counsel, NYSRPA City Council Hearing Public Safety Committee November 15, 2004 10:00 a.m. City Hall, New York City I am pleased to testify today on behalf of the New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. (“Association”). The New York State Rifle & Pistol Association is the New York State affiliate of the National Rifle Association of America (“NRA”). We have a variety of bills and resolutions before us this morning. And as usual, they are based on a variety of false hopes and false premises. Laws are for the law abiding. We have said this here before, and it bears repeating. Laws are for the law abiding. Imposing further burdens and restrictions on New York City’s heavily taxed and intensely regulated licensed gun owners, and its few remaining, heavily taxed and intensely regulated licensed dealers of firearms and ammunition, will not reduce crime. As we heard the Mayor’s Criminal Justice Coordinator say in a September 2003 hearing before this Committee, New York City’s licensed gun owners are not the problem.1 For this essential, transcending reason the Association opposes all of the intros and resolutions before us today. In addition, the Association opposes specific intros and resolutions on specific common sense and legal grounds as we will detail this morning (or as we have detailed in prior testimony, to which we will refer as necessary). 1See also Talcott J. Franklin, TEN YEARS LATER: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF NEW YORK CITY'S MANDATORY SENTENCING LAW (1990)(Available at http://www.saf.org/journal/4_Franklin.htm ) (“Studies also show the proportion of ‘previously law-abiding’ murderers in New York City is extremely small.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UTION and ~~X,Mt C',D,~N~'W of T~CHNOLOGY
    THE UTION AND ~~x,mT c',D,~n~'w OF T~CHNOLOGY J S~SKATE, INC. THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE TECHNOLOGY A Technical Report prepared for The National Committee on Criminal Justice Technology National Institute of Justice By SEASKATE, INC. 555 13th Street, NW 3rd Floor, West Tower Washington, DC 20004 July 1, 1998 This project was supported under Grant 95-IJ-CX-K001(S-3) from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. PROPERTY OF National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRSJ Box 6000 Rockville, MD 20849-6000~ ~ ...... 0 0 THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE TECHNOLOGY THIS PUBLICATION CONTAINS BOTH AN OVERVIEW AND FULL-LENGTH VERSIONS OF OUR REPORT ON POLICE TECHNOLOGY. PUBLISHING THE TWO VERSIONS TOGETHER ACCOUNTS FOR SOME DUPLICATION OF TEXT. THE OVERVIEW IS DESIGNED TO BE A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE SUBJECT. THE TECHNICAL REPORT IS MEANT FOR READERS SEEKING DETAILED INFORMATION. o°° 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................. VI OVERVIEW REPORT INTRODUCTION ..............................................................1 PART ONE:THE HISTORY AND THE EMERGING FEDERAL ROLE ................................ 2 THE POLITICAL ERA ........................................................ 2 THE PROFESSIONALMODEL ERA ................................................ 2 TECHNOLOGY AND THE
    [Show full text]
  • Kerik, Bernard Plea
    United States Attorney Southern District of New York FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: U.S. ATTORNEY’S OFFICE November 5, 2009 HERBERT HADAD, YUSILL SCRIBNER, REBEKAH CARMICHAEL, JANICE OH PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE (914) 993-1900, (212) 637-2600 FBI JIM MARGOLIN PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE (212) 384-2720 IRS CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION JOSEPH FOY (917) 416-9932 FORMER NEW YORK CITY POLICE COMMISSIONER BERNARD KERIK PLEADS GUILTY TO EIGHT FELONIES IN WHITE PLAINS FEDERAL COURT PREET BHARARA, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, JOSEPH M. DEMAREST, JR., the Assistant Director-in-Charge of the New York Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”), and PATRICIA J. HAYNES, the Special Agent in Charge of the New York Field Office, Criminal Investigation, Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), announced today that BERNARD B. KERIK, former Commissioner of the New York City Police Department and the Department of Corrections, pleaded guilty in White Plains federal court to eight felonies, two of which were separately charged in an Indictment in the District of Columbia. KERIK pleaded guilty before United States District Judge STEPHEN C. ROBINSON to: one count of obstructing and impeding the due administration of the internal revenue laws from 1999 to 2007, one count of aiding in the preparation of a false tax return (for the 2000 tax year), one count of making a false statement on a loan application, and five counts of making false statements to the federal government. Two of the false statement counts – the two counts that KERIK also agreed to transfer to White Plains from Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Remarks on the Nomination of Bernard B. Kerik to Be Secretary of Homeland Security December 3, 2004
    Administration of George W. Bush, 2004 / Dec. 3 traced in the stars. We are reminded of here tonight, by the way, collected dona- the hope that the grandest purposes of the tions of candy and sun screen, bug spray, Almighty can be found in the humblest and handmade cards to send to our soldiers places. And we embrace the hope that all overseas. They gathered more than 200 the love and gifts that come to us in this pounds of gifts and made sure the packages life are the signs and symbols of even a arrived on time for the holidays. I’m sure greater love and gift that came on a holy those thoughtful gifts were gladly received. night. The old carol speaks of a ‘‘thrill of And I thank the Brownies for reminding hope, the weary world rejoices, for yonder the good people of our military how much breaks a new and glorious morn.’’ And they mean to America. And to show our every year at this time we feel the thrill appreciation to the Brownies of Chantilly, of hope as we wait on Christmas Day. Virginia, and all those who volunteer in our This Christmas, as loved ones come to- blessed land, we have two representatives gether, some in our military are separated of the Troop to help Laura and me light from family by the call of duty a long way our national Christmas tree. from home. We have service men and And so, if Nichole and Clara will come women celebrating the holidays at bases forward, we will turn on the lights.
    [Show full text]